A Bible School ManualStudies in the Book of RevelationAn Introduction, Analysis, and NotesContaining a concise interpretation according to the symbolic view, numerous references to authorities, and general mention of other interpretations,With the Text of the American Revised Version Edited in Paragraphs, for the use of Bible Students.ByStephen Alexander Hunter, Ph.D., LL.D.Pittsburgh Printing CompanyPittsburgh, Pa.1921ContentsForewordMaster-Thoughts upon the RevelationPrefaceIntroduction1. General Introduction.2. The Title.3. The Author.4. The Unity.5. The Date.6. The Place.7. The Canonicity.8. The Form.9. The Theme.10. The Occasion.11. The Purpose.12. The Interpretation.13. The Outline Analysis.14. The Literary Structure.15. The Literature.Scripture TextAnalysis And NotesI The Prologue, Ch. 1:1-3:221 The Superscription, Ch. 1:1-32 The Salutation, Ch. 1:4-83 The Introductory Vision (The Glorified Son of Man), Ch. 1:9-20(1) The Trumpet Voice, Ch. 1:9-11(2) The Triumphant Son of Man, Ch. 1:12-13a(3) The Gracious Apparel, Ch. 1:13b(4) The Glorious Appearance, Ch. 1:14-15, and 16c(5) The Seven Stars, Ch. 1:16a(6) The Two-Edged Sword, Ch. 1:16b(7) The Assuring Message, Ch. 1:17-204 The Seven Epistles, Ch. 2:1-3:22(1) The Epistle to the Church in Ephesus, Ch. 2:1-7(2) The Epistle to the Church in Smyrna, Ch. 2:8-11(4) The Epistle to the Church in Thyatira, Ch. 2:18-29(5) The Epistle to the Church in Sardis, Ch. 3:1-6(6) The Epistle to the Church in Philadelphia, Ch. 3:7-13(7) The Epistle to the Church in Laodicea, Ch. 3:14-22II THE MAIN APOCALYPSE, Ch. 4:1-22:5I The Vision of God on the Throne (A Vision of Sovereignty). Ch. 4:1-5:141 The Throne and the King, Ch. 4:1-3, 5a, and 6a2 The Four and Twenty Elders, Ch. 4:4, 10 and 113 The Seven Lamps of Fire (or Torches), Ch. 4:5b4 The Four Living Creatures, Ch. 4. 6b-95 The Sealed Book (or Scroll), Ch. 5:1-56 The Lamb, Ch. 5:6-8a7 The Heavenly Worship, Ch. 5:8b-14II The Vision of the Seven Seals (A Vision of Trial). Ch. 6:1-17, and 8:11 The Opening of the First Seal, Ch. 6:1, 22 The Opening of the Second Seal, Ch. 6:3, 43 The Opening of the Third Seal, Ch. 6:5, 64 The Opening of the Fourth Seal, Ch. 6:7, 85 The Opening of the Fifth Seal, Ch. 6:9-116 The Opening of the Sixth Seal, Ch. 6:12-177 The Opening of the Seventh Seal, Ch. 8:1IIb The Episode of the Sealed Ones (A Vision of Salvation Assured). Ch. 7:1-17A The Sealed of Israel, Ch. 7:1-81 The Angels Holding the Winds, Ch. 7:1-32 The Number of the Sealed, Ch. 7:4-8B The Redeemed Out of All Nations, Ch. 7:9-171 The Innumerable Multitude, Ch. 7:92 The Cry of the Church Triumphant, Ch. 7:10-123 The Redeemed Before the Throne, Ch. 7:13-17III The Vision of the Seven Trumpets (A Vision of Threatening). Ch. 8:2-9:21, and 11:14-19A The Preparation for the Trumpets, Ch. 8:2-61 An Angel Offers Incense upon the Golden Altar, Ch. 8:3-52 The Seven Angels Prepare to Sound, Ch. 8:2, 6B The Trumpets Sounded, Ch. 8:7-9:21; and 11:14-191 The Sounding of the First Trumpet, Ch. 8:72 The Sounding of the Second Trumpet, Ch. 8:8-93 The Sounding of the Third Trumpet, Ch. 8:10-114 The Sounding of the Fourth Trumpet, Ch. 8:12(1) The Eagle and Its Message, Ch. 8:135 The Sounding of the Fifth Trumpet, Ch. 9:1-126 The Sounding of the Sixth Trumpet, Ch. 9:13-21, and 11:147 The Sounding of the Seventh Trumpet, Ch. 11:15-19IIIb The Episode of the Angel with the Book; and of the Two Witnesses (A Vision of Divine Help). Ch. 10:1-11:13A The Angel with the Little Open Book, Ch. 10:1-111 The Angel Foretells the End, Ch. 10:1-7(1) The Thunder Voices, Ch. 10:3b and 42 The Book Delivered to John, Ch. 10:8-11B The Two Witnesses, Ch. 11:1-131 The Measurement of the Temple, Ch. 11:1-22 The Two Witnesses and their Martyrdom, Ch. 11:3-13IV The Vision of Conflict (A Vision of Warfare). Ch. 12:1-14:20A The Woman and the Dragon, Ch. 12:1-6, and 13-171 The Sun-Clothed Woman, Ch. 12:1-2, 5-6, and 13f.2 The Great Red Dragon, Ch. 12:3-4, and 13f.3 The All-Ruling Man-Child, Ch. 12:54 The Wilderness Refuge, Ch. 12:6a, and 14a5 The Persecution of the Woman and her Seed, Ch. 12:4-6, and 13-17B War in Heaven, Ch. 12:7-12C The Two Beasts, Ch. 13:1-181 The First Beast—the Beast from the Sea, Ch. 13:1-10(1) An Admonition to Patience, Ch. 13:9-102 The Second Beast,—the Beast from the Land, Ch. 13:11-18.(1.) An Admonition to Wisdom, Ch. 13:18D. The Lamb on Mount Zion, Ch. 14:1-201. The Redeemed with the Lamb, Ch. 14:1-52. The Three Angel Messages, Ch. 14:6-11(1) The Message of the Eternal Gospel, Ch. 14:6-7(2) The Message of Babylon's Fall, Ch. 14:8(3) The Message of Doom for the Beast and his Followers, Ch. 14:9-113. The Blessedness of the Holy Dead, Ch. 14:12-134. The Harvest of the Elect, Ch. 14:14-165. The Vintage of Wrath, Ch. 14:17-20V. The Vision of the Seven Vials [or Bowls] (A Vision of Judgment). Ch. 15:1-16:12, and 16:17-21A. The Preparation for the Vials, Ch. 15:1-81. The Angels with the Plagues, Ch. 15:1-2a2. The Victors by the Sea, Ch. 15:2b3. The Song of the Redeemed, Ch. 15:3-44. The Judgment Made Ready, Ch. 15:5-8B. The Vials Poured Out, Ch. 16:1-12, and 17-21(1.) The Command to Pour Out the Vials, Ch. 16:11 The Pouring Out of the First Vial, Ch. 16:22 The Pouring Out of the Second Vial, Ch. 16:33 The Pouring Out of the Third Vial, Ch. 16:4-74 The Pouring Out of the Fourth Vial, Ch. 16:8-95 The Pouring Out of the Fifth Vial, Ch. 16:10-116 The Pouring Out of the Sixth Vial, Ch. 16:127 The Pouring Out of the Seventh Vial, Ch. 16:17-21Vb The Episode of the Frog-like Spirits (A Vision of Warning). Ch. 16:13-161 The Unclean Spirits of Evil, Ch. 16:13-14, and 162 John's Word of Warning, Ch. 16:15VI The Vision of Victory (A Vision of Vindication). Ch. 17:1-20:15A The Mystic Babylon and Her Fall, Ch. 17:1-18:241 The Harlot and the Interpretation, Ch. 17:1-18(1) The Judgment of the Harlot Announced, Ch. 17:1-2(2) The View of the Harlot, Ch. 17:3-6(3) The Interpretation Given, Ch. 17:7-182 The Fall of the City Proclaimed, Ch. 18:1-24(1) The Announcement of Her Overthrow, Ch. 18:1-3(2) The Warning to God's People, Ch. 18:4-8(3) The Lament of the Kings of the Earth over Her Doom, Ch. 18:9-10(4) The Lament of the Merchants, Ch. 18:11-17a(5) The Lament of the Seamen, Ch. 18. 17b-19(6) A Call to Heaven and to the Church to Rejoice, Ch. 18:20(7) The Symbol of Her Irretrievable Ruin, Ch. 18:21-24B The Triumph of the Redeemed, Ch. 19:1-101 The Choral Song of Hallelujahs, Ch. 19:1-82 The Blessedness of the Marriage Supper, Ch. 19:93 Worship Refused by the Angel, Ch. 19:10C The Last Things, Ch. 19:11-20:151 The End of the Holy War, Ch. 19:11-212 Satan Bound, Ch. 20:1-3a3 The First Resurrection, Ch. 20:4-64 The Millennium, Ch. 20.: 2b, 3b, 4b, 5a, 6b and 7a5 Satan Loosed Again and Overthrown, Ch. 20:3c, and 7-106 The Second Resurrection, Ch. 20:11-12a, and 13a7 The Last Judgment, Ch. 20:11-15VII The Vision of the New Jerusalem (A Vision of Triumph). Ch. 21:1-22:51 The New Heaven and the New Earth, Ch. 21:12 The Holy City, Ch. 21:2-22:5(1) The Tabernacle of God with Men, Ch. 21:3-4(2) The Bride, the Lamb's Wife, Ch. 21:2, 9-10(3) The City of New Things, Ch. 21:5-8(4) The City of Glory, Ch. 21:11-21(5) The City of Many Nations, Ch. 21:24, and 26(6) The City of Exclusions, Ch. 21:1, 4, 22, 23, 25, 27; and 22:3, 5(7) The City of Life, Ch. 22:1-2(8) The City of God, Ch. 22:3-5III THE EPILOGUE, Ch. 22:6-21A The Final Words of the Angel, with the Promise of Christ, Ch. 22:6-161 The Message Reaffirmed, Ch. 22:6-9(1) The Witness of the Angel, Ch. 22:6-7(2) The Witness Confirmed by John, Ch. 22:8a(3) Worship from John again Refused, Ch. 22:8b-92 The Book Not to be Sealed, Ch. 22:10-113 The Promise of Christ to the Victors, Ch. 22:12-16B The Closing Testimony of John, Ch. 22:17-201 A Last Universal Invitation of Grace, Ch. 22:172 A Last Impressive Warning of Exhortation, Ch. 22:18-193 A Last Assuring Promise of Hope, Ch. 22:20a4 A last Ecstatic Prayer of Yearning, Ch. 22:20bC The Author's Benediction, Ch. 22:21Appendix A: Some Fundamental Conceptions of the ApocalypseAppendix B: Current Questions of Divided OpinionAppendix C: Heptachords of Song and BlessingAppendix D: The Formal Series of SevensAppendix E: The Symbolism of NumbersAppendix F: The Literary Structure of the ApocalypseAppendix G: The Apocalyptic LiteratureFootnotes

A Bible School Manual

Studies in the Book of Revelation

An Introduction, Analysis, and Notes

Containing a concise interpretation according to the symbolic view, numerous references to authorities, and general mention of other interpretations,

With the Text of the American Revised Version Edited in Paragraphs, for the use of Bible Students.

Stephen Alexander Hunter, Ph.D., LL.D.

Pittsburgh Printing Company

Pittsburgh, Pa.

1921

ContentsForewordMaster-Thoughts upon the RevelationPrefaceIntroduction1. General Introduction.2. The Title.3. The Author.4. The Unity.5. The Date.6. The Place.7. The Canonicity.8. The Form.9. The Theme.10. The Occasion.11. The Purpose.12. The Interpretation.13. The Outline Analysis.14. The Literary Structure.15. The Literature.Scripture TextAnalysis And NotesI The Prologue, Ch. 1:1-3:221 The Superscription, Ch. 1:1-32 The Salutation, Ch. 1:4-83 The Introductory Vision (The Glorified Son of Man), Ch. 1:9-20(1) The Trumpet Voice, Ch. 1:9-11(2) The Triumphant Son of Man, Ch. 1:12-13a(3) The Gracious Apparel, Ch. 1:13b(4) The Glorious Appearance, Ch. 1:14-15, and 16c(5) The Seven Stars, Ch. 1:16a(6) The Two-Edged Sword, Ch. 1:16b(7) The Assuring Message, Ch. 1:17-204 The Seven Epistles, Ch. 2:1-3:22(1) The Epistle to the Church in Ephesus, Ch. 2:1-7(2) The Epistle to the Church in Smyrna, Ch. 2:8-11(4) The Epistle to the Church in Thyatira, Ch. 2:18-29(5) The Epistle to the Church in Sardis, Ch. 3:1-6(6) The Epistle to the Church in Philadelphia, Ch. 3:7-13(7) The Epistle to the Church in Laodicea, Ch. 3:14-22II THE MAIN APOCALYPSE, Ch. 4:1-22:5I The Vision of God on the Throne (A Vision of Sovereignty). Ch. 4:1-5:141 The Throne and the King, Ch. 4:1-3, 5a, and 6a2 The Four and Twenty Elders, Ch. 4:4, 10 and 113 The Seven Lamps of Fire (or Torches), Ch. 4:5b4 The Four Living Creatures, Ch. 4. 6b-95 The Sealed Book (or Scroll), Ch. 5:1-56 The Lamb, Ch. 5:6-8a7 The Heavenly Worship, Ch. 5:8b-14II The Vision of the Seven Seals (A Vision of Trial). Ch. 6:1-17, and 8:11 The Opening of the First Seal, Ch. 6:1, 22 The Opening of the Second Seal, Ch. 6:3, 43 The Opening of the Third Seal, Ch. 6:5, 64 The Opening of the Fourth Seal, Ch. 6:7, 85 The Opening of the Fifth Seal, Ch. 6:9-116 The Opening of the Sixth Seal, Ch. 6:12-177 The Opening of the Seventh Seal, Ch. 8:1IIb The Episode of the Sealed Ones (A Vision of Salvation Assured). Ch. 7:1-17A The Sealed of Israel, Ch. 7:1-81 The Angels Holding the Winds, Ch. 7:1-32 The Number of the Sealed, Ch. 7:4-8B The Redeemed Out of All Nations, Ch. 7:9-171 The Innumerable Multitude, Ch. 7:92 The Cry of the Church Triumphant, Ch. 7:10-123 The Redeemed Before the Throne, Ch. 7:13-17III The Vision of the Seven Trumpets (A Vision of Threatening). Ch. 8:2-9:21, and 11:14-19A The Preparation for the Trumpets, Ch. 8:2-61 An Angel Offers Incense upon the Golden Altar, Ch. 8:3-52 The Seven Angels Prepare to Sound, Ch. 8:2, 6B The Trumpets Sounded, Ch. 8:7-9:21; and 11:14-191 The Sounding of the First Trumpet, Ch. 8:72 The Sounding of the Second Trumpet, Ch. 8:8-93 The Sounding of the Third Trumpet, Ch. 8:10-114 The Sounding of the Fourth Trumpet, Ch. 8:12(1) The Eagle and Its Message, Ch. 8:135 The Sounding of the Fifth Trumpet, Ch. 9:1-126 The Sounding of the Sixth Trumpet, Ch. 9:13-21, and 11:147 The Sounding of the Seventh Trumpet, Ch. 11:15-19IIIb The Episode of the Angel with the Book; and of the Two Witnesses (A Vision of Divine Help). Ch. 10:1-11:13A The Angel with the Little Open Book, Ch. 10:1-111 The Angel Foretells the End, Ch. 10:1-7(1) The Thunder Voices, Ch. 10:3b and 42 The Book Delivered to John, Ch. 10:8-11B The Two Witnesses, Ch. 11:1-131 The Measurement of the Temple, Ch. 11:1-22 The Two Witnesses and their Martyrdom, Ch. 11:3-13IV The Vision of Conflict (A Vision of Warfare). Ch. 12:1-14:20A The Woman and the Dragon, Ch. 12:1-6, and 13-171 The Sun-Clothed Woman, Ch. 12:1-2, 5-6, and 13f.2 The Great Red Dragon, Ch. 12:3-4, and 13f.3 The All-Ruling Man-Child, Ch. 12:54 The Wilderness Refuge, Ch. 12:6a, and 14a5 The Persecution of the Woman and her Seed, Ch. 12:4-6, and 13-17B War in Heaven, Ch. 12:7-12C The Two Beasts, Ch. 13:1-181 The First Beast—the Beast from the Sea, Ch. 13:1-10(1) An Admonition to Patience, Ch. 13:9-102 The Second Beast,—the Beast from the Land, Ch. 13:11-18.(1.) An Admonition to Wisdom, Ch. 13:18D. The Lamb on Mount Zion, Ch. 14:1-201. The Redeemed with the Lamb, Ch. 14:1-52. The Three Angel Messages, Ch. 14:6-11(1) The Message of the Eternal Gospel, Ch. 14:6-7(2) The Message of Babylon's Fall, Ch. 14:8(3) The Message of Doom for the Beast and his Followers, Ch. 14:9-113. The Blessedness of the Holy Dead, Ch. 14:12-134. The Harvest of the Elect, Ch. 14:14-165. The Vintage of Wrath, Ch. 14:17-20V. The Vision of the Seven Vials [or Bowls] (A Vision of Judgment). Ch. 15:1-16:12, and 16:17-21A. The Preparation for the Vials, Ch. 15:1-81. The Angels with the Plagues, Ch. 15:1-2a2. The Victors by the Sea, Ch. 15:2b3. The Song of the Redeemed, Ch. 15:3-44. The Judgment Made Ready, Ch. 15:5-8B. The Vials Poured Out, Ch. 16:1-12, and 17-21(1.) The Command to Pour Out the Vials, Ch. 16:11 The Pouring Out of the First Vial, Ch. 16:22 The Pouring Out of the Second Vial, Ch. 16:33 The Pouring Out of the Third Vial, Ch. 16:4-74 The Pouring Out of the Fourth Vial, Ch. 16:8-95 The Pouring Out of the Fifth Vial, Ch. 16:10-116 The Pouring Out of the Sixth Vial, Ch. 16:127 The Pouring Out of the Seventh Vial, Ch. 16:17-21Vb The Episode of the Frog-like Spirits (A Vision of Warning). Ch. 16:13-161 The Unclean Spirits of Evil, Ch. 16:13-14, and 162 John's Word of Warning, Ch. 16:15VI The Vision of Victory (A Vision of Vindication). Ch. 17:1-20:15A The Mystic Babylon and Her Fall, Ch. 17:1-18:241 The Harlot and the Interpretation, Ch. 17:1-18(1) The Judgment of the Harlot Announced, Ch. 17:1-2(2) The View of the Harlot, Ch. 17:3-6(3) The Interpretation Given, Ch. 17:7-182 The Fall of the City Proclaimed, Ch. 18:1-24(1) The Announcement of Her Overthrow, Ch. 18:1-3(2) The Warning to God's People, Ch. 18:4-8(3) The Lament of the Kings of the Earth over Her Doom, Ch. 18:9-10(4) The Lament of the Merchants, Ch. 18:11-17a(5) The Lament of the Seamen, Ch. 18. 17b-19(6) A Call to Heaven and to the Church to Rejoice, Ch. 18:20(7) The Symbol of Her Irretrievable Ruin, Ch. 18:21-24B The Triumph of the Redeemed, Ch. 19:1-101 The Choral Song of Hallelujahs, Ch. 19:1-82 The Blessedness of the Marriage Supper, Ch. 19:93 Worship Refused by the Angel, Ch. 19:10C The Last Things, Ch. 19:11-20:151 The End of the Holy War, Ch. 19:11-212 Satan Bound, Ch. 20:1-3a3 The First Resurrection, Ch. 20:4-64 The Millennium, Ch. 20.: 2b, 3b, 4b, 5a, 6b and 7a5 Satan Loosed Again and Overthrown, Ch. 20:3c, and 7-106 The Second Resurrection, Ch. 20:11-12a, and 13a7 The Last Judgment, Ch. 20:11-15VII The Vision of the New Jerusalem (A Vision of Triumph). Ch. 21:1-22:51 The New Heaven and the New Earth, Ch. 21:12 The Holy City, Ch. 21:2-22:5(1) The Tabernacle of God with Men, Ch. 21:3-4(2) The Bride, the Lamb's Wife, Ch. 21:2, 9-10(3) The City of New Things, Ch. 21:5-8(4) The City of Glory, Ch. 21:11-21(5) The City of Many Nations, Ch. 21:24, and 26(6) The City of Exclusions, Ch. 21:1, 4, 22, 23, 25, 27; and 22:3, 5(7) The City of Life, Ch. 22:1-2(8) The City of God, Ch. 22:3-5III THE EPILOGUE, Ch. 22:6-21A The Final Words of the Angel, with the Promise of Christ, Ch. 22:6-161 The Message Reaffirmed, Ch. 22:6-9(1) The Witness of the Angel, Ch. 22:6-7(2) The Witness Confirmed by John, Ch. 22:8a(3) Worship from John again Refused, Ch. 22:8b-92 The Book Not to be Sealed, Ch. 22:10-113 The Promise of Christ to the Victors, Ch. 22:12-16B The Closing Testimony of John, Ch. 22:17-201 A Last Universal Invitation of Grace, Ch. 22:172 A Last Impressive Warning of Exhortation, Ch. 22:18-193 A Last Assuring Promise of Hope, Ch. 22:20a4 A last Ecstatic Prayer of Yearning, Ch. 22:20bC The Author's Benediction, Ch. 22:21Appendix A: Some Fundamental Conceptions of the ApocalypseAppendix B: Current Questions of Divided OpinionAppendix C: Heptachords of Song and BlessingAppendix D: The Formal Series of SevensAppendix E: The Symbolism of NumbersAppendix F: The Literary Structure of the ApocalypseAppendix G: The Apocalyptic LiteratureFootnotes

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