Hope, Thomas.1770–1831. Miscellaneous writer. Author Costumes of the Ancients, Household Furniture, etc., and the famous Oriental tale Anastasius.Pub. Har.Horne, George.1730–1792. Bp. Norwich. Theologian. Author of a noted Commentary on the Psalms.Pub. Ca.Horne, Richard Hengist.1803 ——. Dramatic poet. Author Gregory VII., Cosmo de Medici, Ballads and Romances, Orion, etc. A writer of much power, whose circle of readers is undeservedly small.See Stedman's Victorian Poets.Pub. Rob. Rou.Horne, Thos. Hartwell.1780–1862. Theologian. Best known by his Introduction to the Scriptures.Pub. Ca.Horne-Tooke, John.1736–1812. Philologist. Author The Diversions of Purley, etc.See Memoirs, by Hamilton, 1812, Stephens, 1813, Graham, 1828, N. Y.Horner Francis.1778–1817. Writer on political economy and one of the founders of the Edinburgh Rev.See Memoir and Correspondence, 1843.Horsley, Samuel.1733–1806. Bp. St. Asaph. Theological and controversial writer of note.See Works of, 6 vols., London, 1845.Houghton, Lord.See Milnes, R. M.Hoveden de[hōv´den],Roger.fl. c. 1200. Chronicler.See Bohn's Antiquarian Library.Howard, Henry, Earl of Surrey.1515–1547. His verse is mainly lyrical, his love songs being his best; nevertheless he first introduced blank verse into Eng. poetry.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1.Howe, John. 1630–1705.Theological writer.See Life, by Rogers, 1836.Pub. Dra.Howell, James.1594–1666. Miscellaneous writer.See Arber's reprints of Instructions for Foreign Travel, etc.Howitt, Anna Mary.Dau. to W. H. and M. H. See Watts, Mrs. A. M.Howitt, Mrs. Mary Botham.1799 ——. Wife to W. H. An industrious author of numerous popular poems, mainly juvenile, of several excellent prose tales, and of numerous translations from the Swedish, German, and Danish, the most noted of these being the works of Fredrika Bremer and Hans Andersen. Her work is characterized by earnestness and sincerity of purpose.See the Biograph, Aug. 1880.Pub. Alp. Har. Rob. Rou.Howitt, Wm.1796–1879. Poet and Miscellaneous Writer. A versatile author whose Rural Life in England, Book of the Seasons, etc., have been deservedly popular. His wife was co-author with him of many books.Pub. Har. Rou.Howson, John Saul.1816 ——. Dean of Chester. Theologian. Author Life and Epistles of St. Paul [with W. J. Conybeare], Companions of St. Paul, Metaphors of St. Paul, Miracles of Christ, etc.Pub. Mac. Rou.Hoyle[hoil],Edward.1672–1769. A noted writer upon Games.Pub. Lip. Rou.Hugesson.See Knatchbull-Hugesson.Hughes, John.1677–1720. Poet and essayist. A contributor to The Spectator.Hughes, Thomas.1823 ——. A popular writer whose School Days at Rugby, Tom Brown at Oxford, Life of King Alfred, Manliness of Christ, Scouring of the White Horse, etc., have been widely read.Pub. Hou. Mac. Por.Hume, David.1711–1766. Scottish historian andphilosopher. Author Philosophical Essays, Hist. of England, etc. His style possesses originality and spirit, but as a historian he is inaccurate.See Life and Correspondence of, by T. Hill Burton, Edinburgh, 1847; also Hume, by T. H. Huxley in Eng. Men of Letters.Pub. Har. Lip. Por.Hunt, James Henry Leigh.1784–1859. Poet and essayist. Francesca da Rimini and Legend of Florence are his finest poems, but Abou-Ben-Adhem is the best known. A writer whose happy, genial spirit expresses itself in his prose and verse.See Autobiography edited by his son, 1850.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 4, and Century Mag. March, 1882.Pub. Har. Rob. Rou.Hunter, Mrs. Anne.1742–1821. Poet. Her lyrics possess much beauty, and some of them were set to music by Haydn. "My mother bids me bind my hair" is well known.Hurd, Richard.1720–1808. Bp. Worcester. Theologian. Author Dialogues, Sermons, etc.See edition 1811, 8 vols.Hutcheson, Francis.1694–1747. Irish metaphysician. Author of a System of Moral Philosophy, etc. Founder of the Scotch Metaphysical School.Hutchinson, Mrs. Lucy.1620–1659. Known to literature by her admirable Memoirs of her husband first published in 1808.Hutton, Richard Holt.1826 ——. His main work in the London Spectator. Author Essays, Theological and Literary.Pub. Har. Mac. Por.Huxley, Thomas Henry.1825 ——. Naturalist. Author Man's Place in Nature, Comparative Anatomy, Protoplasm, Lay Sermons, etc. A leader in modern thought and investigation.Pub. Apl. Mac.Hyde, Edward, Earl of Clarendon.1608–1673. Historian. Author Hist. of the Great Rebellion. His style is defective, but he is fully master of his subject.Inchbald, Mrs. Elizabeth.1753–1821. Novelist and dramatist. Her novels, A Simple Story and Nature and Art were once popular, and some of her plays are yet acted. The best are Such Things Are, Wives as They Were and Maids as They Are, and Lovers' Vows.See Boaden's Life of, 1833; also Miss Kavanagh's Eng. Women of Letters.Pub. Har.Ingelow[ĭn´jĕ-low],Jean.1830 ——. Poet and novelist. Her novels Off the Skelligs, Don John, etc., though popular and entertaining, are inartistic in construction. Her poetry, though occasionally obscure, is always graceful and beautiful. Songs of Seven, The High Tide, and Divided are among the best.Pub. Rob. Rou.Ingleby, Clement Mansfield.1823 ——. Shakespearean scholar. Author of Shakespeare—the Man and the Book, View of the Shakespeare Controversy, etc.Inglis, Henry David.1795–1835. Scotch writer of travels.Ingulphus.1030?-1109. A monk to whom was long ascribed the famous History of the Abbey of Croyland.See Bohn's Antiquarian Library.Ireland, Wm. Henry.1777–1835. Shakespearean forger. Author of a wretched play called Vortigern, which he asserted to be by Shakespeare.See Ingleby's Shakespeare, The Man and the Book, Part 2.Irons, Wm.1812–1883. Theologian. Author ofThe Whole Doctrine of Final Causes, Parochial Lect., Sermons for the People, Hymns from the Hebrew, Athanasius Contoa Mundum, etc.Pub. Dut.Irving, Edward.1792–1834. Scotch theologian. Founder of the Irvingite, or Catholic Apostolic Church.See Lives by Wilkes and Mrs. Oliphant; also Carlyle's Reminiscences.James I.King of Scotland. 1394–1437. Poet. The King's Quhair is a long love poem in 7-line stanzas, and pure and sweet in sentiment.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1.James V.King of Scotland. 1511–1542. Poet. Supposed author of Peebles to the Play and Christ's Kirk on the Green: comic and satirical ballads.James VI.of Scotland, I. of England. 1566–1625. Author of some feeble poetry, a number of theological treatises and a famous Counterblast Against Tobacco.James, George Payne Rainsford.1801–1860. Novelist. Author of an immense number of novels with a strong likeness to each other. Beginning by imitating Scott, he ended by copying himself.Pub. Har. Rou.Jameson, Mrs. Anna.1797–1860. An able writer who touched upon many topics. Characteristics of Women, Sacred and Legendary Art, and Diary of an Ennuyée, are some of her books. Her dissertations upon Shakespeare's women are keenly appreciative.See Memoir of, by Geraldine Macpherson; also H. Martineau's Biographical Sketches.Pub. Apl. Har. Hou. Por. Rou.Jeaffreson, John Cordy.1831 ——. Novelist and biographer. Author Live It Down, The Real Lord Byron, etc.Pub. Har.Jeffrey, Lord Francis.1773–1850. Scotch critic and essayist. One of the founders of the Edinburgh Review. A writer of great merit, but one whose judgment was often warped by prejudice.See Life by Lord Cockburn, 1852.Jenkins, Edward.1838 ——. Political satirist. Author Ginx's Baby, Lord Bantam, Haverholme, etc.Pub. Har.Jenyns, Soame.1704–1787. Moralist.See complete works of, London, 1790.Jephson, Robert.1736–1803. Dramatist. The Court of Narbonne and Duke of Braganza were successful tragedies in their day.Jerdan, Wm.1782–1869. Journalist.See Autobiography, 1853.Jerrold, Douglas Wm.1803–1857. Dramatist and humorist. Black-Eyed Susan and Rent Day are his best dramas. Of his other works, A Man Made of Money, Chronicles of Clovernook, and The Caudle Lectures are most noted.See Life by his son.Pub. Har. Hou. Rou.Jerrold, Wm. Blanchard.1826 ——. Miscellaneous writer. Son to D. W. J. Author Imperial Paris, Napoleon III., etc.Jevons, Wm. Stanley.1835–1882. Political economist. Author The State in Relation to Labor, Methods of Social Reform and other Essays, Investigations in Currency and Finance, etc.Pub. Apl. Mac.Jewsbury, Geraldine Endsor.1821–1880. Novelist and journalist. Author of Zoë, Half Sisters, Constance Herbert, etc.Pub. Har.Jewsbury, Maria Jane.Sister to G. E. J. See Fletcher, Mrs.Johnson, Samuel.1705–1773. Dramatist. Author Hurlothrumbo, etc.Johnson, Samuel.1709–1784. Lexicographer and miscellaneous writer. Author of London, a poetical satire, Rasselas, a didactic novel, Lives of the Poets, Dict. of the Eng. Lang., and numerous other works. His style is heavy and ponderous, but dignified, sonorous, and peculiarly his own. He was the greatest literary figure in England between 1745 and 1784.See Boswell's Life of, edited by J. W. Croker; also Johnson by Leslie Stephen in Eng. Men of Letters.Pub. Har. Le. Lit. Mac.Johnston, Arthur.1587–1641. Scotch poet. Noted for a fine Latin translation of the Psalms.Johnstone, Charles.—— 1800. Novelist. His Adventures of a Guinea was once popular.See W. Scott's Lives of Eminent Novelists.Jones, Sir Wm.1746–1794. Poet, Orientalist, and translator.See edition of 1807 with Life.Jonson, Ben.1574–1637. Dramatist. A robust, dignified writer, more popular in his day than Shakespeare. Volpone, Silent Woman, Alchemist, Every Man in his Humor, and Every Man out of his Humor are his best comedies: Catiline and Sejanus his only tragedies. His pastoral drama, The Sad Shepherd, is graceful and sweet.See Cunningham's edition of Johnson, 1870, and Schlegel's Dramatic Literature.Pub. Apl. Rou.Jortin, John.1698–1770. Ecclesiastical historian.Jowett, Benjamin.1817 ——. Greek scholar. Translator of Plato and Thucydides.Pub Scr.Junius.See Francis, Sir Philip.Kames, Lord.See Home, Henry.Kavanagh[kav´a-nä´ or kav´a-nah´],Julia.1824–1877. Irish novelist. Author Nathalie, Eng. Women of Letters, Beatrice, etc.Pub. Apl. Ho.Kaye, Sir John Wm.1814–1876. Military historian. Author Hist. War in Afghanistan 1851, Hist. Sepoy War, Lives of Indian Officers, Essays of an Optimist, etc.Pub. Lip. Rou.Keary, Annie.1825–1879. Novelist. Author Castle Daly, A Doubting Heart, Heroes of Asgard, Clemency Franklyn, etc.See Memoir of, by her Sister; also Catholic World, July, 1879.Pub. Har. Mac. Por.Keats, John.1795–1821. Poet. A great master of the music of verse. The Ode on a Grecian Urn and Ode to a Nightingale are nearly perfect poems. The Eve of St. Agnes, Isabella, Hyperion and Endymion are longer poems, full of sensuous richness of expression and intensity of feeling.See Rossetti's edition of.See Life of, by Lord Houghton.Keble[kĕb´l],John.1792–1866. Religious poet. Author Christian Year, Lyra Innocentium, etc. Versification musical and refined.See Shairp's Studies in Poetry and Philosophy, C. Yonge's Musings over the Christian Year, Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 4, and Memoir by J. T. Coleridge.Pub. Dut.Keddie, Henrietta, "Sarah Tytler." 1827 ——. Novelist. Author Citoyenne Jacqueline, What She Came Through, and several valuable literary and artistic handbooks.Pub. Har. Rob. Rou.Keightley[kīt´lĭ],Thomas.1789–1872. Historian. Author Hist. England to 1839, Outlines of Hist., Mythology of Ancient Greece, etc.Pub. Apl. Har. Lip.Kemble, Adelaide.See Sartoris, Mrs.Kemble, Frances Anne.1811 ——. Poet and miscellaneous writer.See Allibone's Dict.Pub. Har. Ho.Kemble, John Mitchell.1807–1857. Anglo-Saxonscholar. Bro to A. K. and F. A. K. Author of The Saxons in England, etc. A writer of authority in his department.Ken, Thomas.1637–1711. Bp. Bath and Wells. Poet. His Morning and Evening Hymns introduced a simpler, sincerer style of religious poetry.See Life, by Duyckinck.Kenney, Charles Lamb.1823–1881. Dramatist. Author lives of Balzac and Balfe, etc.Pub. Rou.Kenney, James.1780–1849. Dramatist. Author Raising the Wind, etc.King, Henry.1591–1669. Bp. Chichester. Religious poet.Kinglake, Alex. Wm.1802 ——. Historian. A brilliant and powerful writer. Author Hist. Crimean War, Eothen, etc.Pub. Arm. Har.Kingsley, Charles.1819–1875. Novelist and poet. Author of Andromeda, the finest Eng. hexameter poem, and the stories, Alton Locke, Yeast, Westward Ho, Hypatia, At Last, etc. Style forcible but uneven.See Life by Mrs. Kingsley, 1876.Pub. Apl. Har. Mac. Lip. Scr.Kingsley, Henry.1830–1876. Novelist. Bro. to C. K. Author Ravenshoe, Silcote of Silcotes, Austin Elliott, Hetty, etc.Pub. Do. Har. Mac. Rou.Kingston, Wm. H. G.1843–1880. Author of spirited tales of adventure for young readers.Pub. Arm. Cas. Lip. Rou.Kitchener, Wm.1775–1827. Physician. Author of the Cook's Oracle, etc.Pub. Har.Kitto, John.1804–1854. Author of the Pictorial Bible, Cyc. of Biblical Lit., etc.Pub. Ca. Phi.Knatchbull-Hugesson, Edward.1829 ——. Writer for children. Author Crackers for Christmas and several vols. of fairy tales.Pub. Apl. Har. Rou.Knight, Charles.1791–1873. Shakespearean scholar and miscellaneous writer. Author of a Pictorial Hist. England, etc. Editor of a Pictorial Shakespeare, etc.See Passages from the Life of (pub. Put.).Pub. Fu. Lip. Por.Knight, Richard Payne.1750–1824. Poet and antiquary. His verse is worthless, but his archæological works are much esteemed.See edition, 1874, N. Y.Knolles[nōlz],Richard.1540–1610. Historian. His Hist. of the Turks was much praised by Dr. Johnson and Hallam.Knowles, Herbert.1798–1817. Religious poet.Knowles, James Sheridan.1794–1862. Irish dramatist. His best tragedies are Caius Gracchus, Virginius, and Wm. Tell. The Hunchback is his finest comedy. While his works will not bear severe criticism, they are popular and among the best acting of modern plays.See edition, 1873.Knowles, Richard Brinsley.1819?-1882. Son to J. S. K. Journalist and historical writer. Was author of the comedy The Maiden Aunt.Knox, Mrs. Craig.See Craig-Knox.Knox, John.1505–1572. Scotch theologian. Author Hist. Reformation in Scotland, and First Blast Against the Monstrous Regiment of Women.See Lives by Smeaton, 1572; McCrie, 1812; Niemeyer, 1824; Laing, 1847, and Brandes, 1863.See Fraser's Mag. April, 1875; also Lorimer's John Knox and the Church of England.Knox, Vicesimus.1752–1821. Essayist. Author Winter Evenings, Family Lect., etc.Knox, Wm.1789–1825. Scotch poet. Best remembered for his poem "O why should the spirit of mortal be proud!"Pub. Le.Kyd, Thomas.fl. c. 1590. Dramatist. Author Hieronimo, The Spanish Tragedy, etc.See Lamb's Dramatic Poets.Kynaston, Francis.1587–1642. Poet.Laffan, May.18— ——. Novelist. Author Hogan, M. P., Flitters, Tatters and the Counsellor, Christy Carew, and The Honorable Miss Ferrard.Pub. Ho. Mac.Lang, David.1793–1878. Librarian and bibliographer. A literary student of great diligence, and editor and author of some two hundred and fifty works.Laing, Malcolm.1762–1818. Scotch historian. Author Hist. of Scotland, etc. Style independent and truthful.Laing, Samuel.1780–1868. Traveler. Author Norway, Tour in Sweden, etc., and translator of the Heimskringla, or Chronicle of the Kings of Norway.Lamb, Caroline, Lady.1785–1828. Novelist. Author Glenarvon, Graham Hamilton, etc.Lamb, Charles.1775–1834. Essayist. A humorist who is unsurpassed for gentleness and purity of style. Essays of Elia, Rosamond Gray, a tale, John Woodvil, a drama; and Specimens of Old Eng. Dramatists are his chief works. Among the Essays Dream-Children is the most nearly perfect.See Lives by Talfourd, Fitzgerald, and Procter.See Centenary edition of, 1875.Pub. Arm. Clx. Har. Lip. Rou.Lamb, Mary Anne.1765–1847. Sister to C. L. and co-author with him of Tales from Shakespeare, Poetry for Children, etc.See W. Carew Hazlitt's edition of Poems, Letters, etc. of Chas. and MaryLamb, 1874; and Mary Lamb, by Anne Gilchrist, in Famous Women.Landon, Letitia Elizabeth[Mrs. Maclean], 1802–1838. Poet and novelist. Her verse is melodious and delicate, but is lacking in force.See Poems of, edited by W. B. Scott, 1873.See Life by L. Blanchard, 1841, and Living Age, Jan. 6, 1883.Pub. Apl.Landor, Walter Savage.1775–1864. Poet and prose writer. Author Gebir, Heroic Idyls, Hellenics, etc., and of numerous prose works, of which the Imaginary Conversations is the chief. A strong, original writer, self asserting and unrestrained.See Forster's Life of, Stedman's Victorian Poets, Atlantic Monthly, April, May, and June, 1864, and Feb. 1883, H. Martineau's Biographical Sketches, and Landor, by Colvin, in Eng. Men of Letters.Pub. Lip. Rob.Lane, Edward Wm.1801–1876. Orientalist. Author Modern Egyptians, Arabic Lexicon, etc., and translator of the Arabian Nights.Pub. Lit.Lang, Andrew.1844 ——. Poet. Author Ballads in Blue China, Helen of Troy, etc.See Harper's Mag. May, 1882, "Some London Poets."Pub. Mac.Langhorne, John.1735–1779. Poet and translator of Plutarch.Langland, Wm.c. 1322-c. 1400. Poet. Author Vision of Piers Plowman, an allegorical, satirical poem, aimed at the corruptions of the church.See edition by Wright, 1856; also Skeat's edition.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1.Pub. Mac.Lardner, Dionysius.1793–1859. Scientific writer.Lardner, Nathaniel.1684–1768. Theological writer.See Collected Works, with Memoir by Kippis, 1788.Latham, Rob't Gordon.1812 ——. Ethnologist. Author Man and His Migrations, etc.Latimer, Hugh.c. 1491–1555. Bp. Worcester. Theologian. His Sermons are rude but forcible and strongly idiomatic discourses.See Corrie's edition. London, 4 vols. 8vo, 1845.See Life, by Demaus, 1869; and Tulloch's Leaders of the Reformation.Law, Wm.1686–1761. Theologian. Author Serious Call to a Higher Life, etc.See Life, by Tighe, 1813.Lawrence, Geo. Alfred.1827–1876. Novelist. Author Guy Livingstone, Sword and Gown, Sans Merci, Anteros, Maurice Dering, etc.Pub. Har. Lip.Layamon.fl. c. 1200. Author The Brut, or Chronicle of Britain, a famous semi-Saxon poem. Style earnest and simple.See F. Madden's edition, 1847.Layard[lā-ard],Austen Henry.1817 ——. Archæologist. Author Nineveh and its Remains, Monuments of Nineveh, etc.Pub. Har.Lear, Edward.18— ——. Author Journal of a Landscape Painter, Nonsense Book, etc.Pub. Rob.Lecky, Wm. Edw. Hartpole.1838 ——. Irish historian. Author Hist. Rationalism, Hist. European Morals, Hist. England in the 18th Cent. etc. A careful, dignified writer who treats of history philosophically.Pub. Apl.Lee, Frederick George.1832 ——. Theologian and poet. Author of Historical Sketches of the Reformation, Lyrics of Life and Light, etc.See The Biograph, Aug. 1880.Pub. Dut.Lee, Harriet.1766–1851. Author [with Sophia L.] of the Canterbury Tales, a series of tales of much power. Byron's Werner is a version of one of them.Lee, Holme.See Parr, Harriet.Lee, Nathaniel.1655–1692. Dramatist. Alexander the Great is one of his tragedies.Lee, Sophia.1750–1824. Novelist. Sister to H. L. Author of two of the Canterbury Tales, of several novels, and of the comedy The Chapter of Accidents.Lee, Wm.1815–1883. Irish theologian and ecclesiologist. His chief work is the Donnellan Lect. on the Inspiration of Scripture. A profound biblical scholar.Pub. Ca.LeFanu, J. Sheridan.?—— 1874. Novelist. Author All in the Dark, Tenants of Malory, etc.Pub. Har.Leighton[lā-ton],Rob't.1613–1684. Abp. Glasgow. Theologian. His style is still much admired.See Pearson's edition, London, 1828, N. Y. 1859.Pub. Ca.L. E. L.See Landon.Leland, John.1506–1552. Antiquarian. Author The Itinerary, etc.Lemon, Mark.1809–1870. Journalist, novelist, and dramatist. The Serious Family is his best known farce. Author Jest Book, etc.Pub. Mac.Lempriere[lĕm´prĭ-er, or lem-preer´],John.1765–1824. Scholar of note. Author of a Classical Dict., and a Universal Biography.Pub. Lip. Put. Rou.Lennox, Mrs. Charlotte.1720–1804. Novelist. Author Harriet Stuart and The Female Quixote.Lesley, John.1527–1596. Bp. Ross. Scotch historian.See Thomson's Edition, 1830.Leslie, Chas.1650–1722. Irish theologian. Leslie wrote A Short and Easy Method with the Deists, a controversial work once noted.Leslie, Chas. Rob't.1794–1859. Artist. Author Handbook for Young Painters, Memoirs Sir John Constable, Life and Times Sir Joshua Reynolds, etc.See Autobiographical Recollection of, edited by Tom Taylor, 1860.L'Estrange[lĕs-trānj],Sir Roger.1616–1704. Political writer and translator.Lever[lē´ver],Chas. James.1806–1872. Irish novelist. Author Harry Lorrequer, Charles O'Malley, etc., rollicking tales not greatly approved by the present taste. His later novels, like That Boy at Norcott's, etc., are soberer in tone.Pub. Har.Lewes[lū-is],Geo. Henry.1817–1878. Philosopher and critic. Author Problems of Life and Mind, Life of Goethe, Hist. of Philosophy, etc.Pub. Apl. Ho. Hou.Lewes, Mrs. G. H.See Evans, Marian.Lewis, Sir Geo. Cornwall.1806–1863. Political and historical writer.See Letters of, 1870.Lewis, Matthew Gregory.1775–1818. Novelist. Famous as the author of The Monk, a fantastic, demoniac tale.See Life and Correspondence, 1839.Leyden[li´den],John.1775–1811. Scotch poet and Orientalist.See edition of his poems, 1858.Liddell[lĭd´del],Mrs. Catharine Christina Fraser-Tytler.1848 ——. Poet and novelist. Author Mistress Judith, Jonathan, Songs in Minor Keys, etc.Pub. Ho. Mac.Liddell, Mrs. Edward.See Liddell, Mrs. C.Liddell, Henry George.1811 ——. Classical scholar. Author of a Hist. of Rome, and co-author with Scott of the noted Greek lexicon known as Liddell-and-Scott's.Pub. Har.Liddon, Henry, Parry.1830 ——. Theologian. Author Bampton Lect. 1867, University Sermons,Sermons to the People, etc. A leader of High Church thought.Pub. Dut.Lightfoot, Joseph Barber.1828 ——. Bp. Durham. Biblical commentator.Pub. Mac.Lillo, George.1693–1739. Dramatist. Author George Barnwell, Fatal Curiosity, and Arden of Feversham. A master of dramatic situations.Lindsay, Sir David.1490–1557. Scotch poet.See Chalmers' edition with Life, 1806.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1.Lingard, John.1771–1859. Historian. Author Hist. England, Antiquities of the Anglo-Saxon Ch., etc. His history has a high rank and is valued as a fair statement of facts from a Roman Catholic standpoint.Pub. Est.Linton, Mrs. Eliza Lynn.1822 ——. Novelist. Wife to W. J. L. Author Lizzie Lorton, Sowing the Wind, etc.Pub. Har. Lip. Rou.Linton, Wm. James.1812 ——. Poet and Engraver. Author Claribel, Hist. Wood Engraving, Life Thos. Paine, etc.See Stedman's Victorian Poets.Pub. Est. Le.Livingstone, David.1817–1873. African explorer. Author Expedition to the Zambesi, Last Journals, etc.Pub. Har.Lloyd, Chas.?—— 1839. Poet. Co-author with Chas. Lamb.Lloyd, Robert.1733–1764. Poet.See Collected Works with Life, by Kenrick, 1774.Locke, John.1632–1704. Philosopher. Author of the famous Essay on the Understanding, a work of great penetration and power.See Life by Fox-Bourne, and Locke, by T. Fowler in Eng. Men of Letters.Pub. Apl.Locker, Frederick.1821 ——. Poet. Author London Lyrics, etc. Style airy and graceful.See Century Mag. Feb. 1883.Lockhart, John Gibson.1794–1854. Scotch critic and biographer. A writer of much talent and for 27 years editor of the Quarterly Rev.: author Lives of Nelson, Scott, Burns, Napoleon, etc.See H. Martineau's Biographical Sketches.Pub. Har. Ho. Hou.Lockyer, Joseph Norman.1836 ——. Astronomer. Author Contributions to Solar Physics, etc.Pub. Apl. Mac.Lodge, Edmund.1756–1839. Historian. Author Illustrations of British Hist., Portraits of Illustrious Persons of Gt. Britain, etc.Lodge, Thomas.c. 1555–1625. Dramatist and Poet. To his novel Roslynde; Euphues Golden Legacy, Shakespeare owes the plot and incidents of As You Like It.See As You Like It, Rolfe's edition, and Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. I.Logan, John.1748–1788. Scotch poet. His verse is fresh and simple, and his Song to the Cuckoo has great beauty.See edition 1805, with Life.Long, George.1800–1879. Classical scholar. Author Roman Law, Decline and Fall of the Roman Republic, etc.Loudon, Mrs. Jane.1800–1858. Wife to J. C. L. Author of The Mummy, a tale, and several horticultural works.Pub. Rou. Wil.Loudon, John Claudius.1783–1843. Scotch horticulturist. His Arboretum Britannicum is his chief work.Lovelace, Sir Richard.1618–1658. Poet. His verse is principally amatory, and some of his songs are perfect of their kind. To Althea and To Lucasta are the most famous.See Carew Hazlitt's edition of 1864, and Ward's English Poets, vol. 2.Lover, Samuel.1797–1868. Irish dramatist, novelist, and poet. Rory O'More and Handy Andy are his best known novels. His most famous song is Rory O'More.See Life by Bayle Bernard, 1874, and Samuel Lover, by A. J. Symington.Pub. Por. Rou.Lower, Mark Antony.1813–1876. Author Eng. Surnames, Curiosities of Heraldry, Patronymica Britannica, etc.Lowndes, Wm. Thos.?—— 1843. Bibliographer. Author British Librarian and The Bibliographer's Manual.Lowth[louth],Rob't.1710–1787. Bp. London. Son to W. L. A classical and theological writer of great learning.See Life, by Peter Hall, 1834.Lowth, Wm.1661–1732. Theologian of note.Lubbock, Sir John.1834 ——. Naturalist. Author Origin of Civilization, Pre-Historic Times, British Wild Flowers, etc.Pub. Apl. Mac.Lydgate, John.1370–1450. Poet. An exceedingly diffuse rhymer.See minor works of pub. by the Percy Soc. 1842, and Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. I.Lyell, Sir Chas.1797–1875. Geologist. Author Elements of Geology, Travels in N. America, Antiquity of Man, etc.Pub. Apl. Har. Lip.Lyly or Lily, John.1553–1598. Dramatic poet. His dramas are forgotten, but his prose romance, Euphues and his England, is remembered for the great influence it had upon the speech of the time. L. was a reformer, though pedantic and fantastic. Euphuism has been ridiculed by Sydney, Jonson, Shakespeare, and Walter Scott.See Collins's Hist. Dramatic Poetry, Lamb's Specimens Early Eng. Poets, and Chas. Kingsley's Westward Ho.Lyndsay.See Lindsay, David.Lyte, Henry Francis.1793–1847. Poet. His hymn, Abide with Me, is widely known.Pub. Le. Ran.Lyttleton, George, Lord.1709–1773. Author Dialogues of the Dead, Hist. Henry II., etc.See Life, by Phillimore, 1845.Lytton.See Bulwer-Lytton.Macaulay, Mrs. Catherine.1733–1791. Historian. Author Hist. of England during the Stuart dynasty, etc.Macaulay, Thos. Babington, Lord.1800–1859. Poet, essayist, and historian. A brilliant but partisan writer. The impetuous rush and vigor of his Lays of Ancient Rome obscure their poetical defects. His essays are numerous and cover a wide range. His Hist. of England is a superb piece of writing but it lacks the calm impartiality that a history should possess.See Lines by Milman, F. Arnold and G. O. Trevelyan; Macaulay, by J. C. Morrison in Eng. Men of Letters; and H. Martineau's Biographical Sketches.Pub. Apl. Arm. Clx. Har. Hou. Lip. Lit. Por. Rou.MacDonald, George.1824 ——. Scotch novelist and poet. His work is all of an earnest, religious cast, but marred sometimes by mannerisms and vagueness of touch. Robert Falconer, Alec Forbes, and St. George and St. Michael are the best of his numerous novels. Phantastes contains some of his best poetry.See Lit. World, May 19, 1883.Pub. Apl. Do. Har. Lip. Mac. Rob. Rou. Scr.Mackarness, Mrs. Henry.1826–1881. Author of the tale A Trap to Catch a Sunbeam, etc.Pub. Rou.Mackay, Chas.1812 ——. Scotch poet and miscellaneous writer. Author Town Lyrics, etc.SeePoems of, edition 1876.Pub. Rou.Mackay, Wm.1803–1882. Philosopher. Author Progress of the Intellect, Eternal Gospel, etc.Mackenzie, Sir George.1636–1691. Scotch miscellaneous writer. A voluminous author of much eminence in his day.Mackenzie, Henry.Scotch novelist and essayist. Author the famous novel, The Man of Feeling, etc.See collected works, 1808.Pub. Har.Mackintosh, Sir James.1765–1832. Ethical and historical writer.See Memoirs by his son.Pub. Har.Macklin, Chas.1690–1797. Irish dramatist. Author of the bright comedy, The Man of the World. M. appeared on the stage as an actor till nearly 100.See Memoirs of, 1804.Macleod[măk-lowd´],Norman.1812–1872. Scotch miscellaneous writer. Author of The Starling, Reminiscences of a Highland Parish, etc.See Life by his brother, and Memoir by Alex. Strahan.Pub. Do. Lip. Rou.Macneil, Hector.1746–1818. Scotch poet. Author Will and Jean, etc.Macpherson, James.1738–1796. Scotch poet. Supposed author of a series of poems purporting to be by Ossian, an ancient Gaelic bard. These forgeries were immensely popular in spite of their wild and over-strained diction. M. never revealed the secret of their authorship.See H. Morley's Shorter Eng. Poems.Macquoid, Mrs. Katherine S.18— ——. Novelist. Author Patty, Beside the River, Too Soon, etc., and several vols. of travel, Through Normandy, Through Brittany, etc.Pub. Apl. Har. Lip. Mac. Ran. Rou.Madden, Richard Robert.1798 ——. Poet and miscellaneous writer. Author The Infirmities of Genius, etc.Magee, Wm.1765–1831. Abp. Dublin. Theologian. His best known work is the Discourses on the Atonement.See complete works, 1842.Magee, Wm. Connor.1821 ——. Bp. Peterborough. Grandson to Wm. M. Religious writer. Author Sermons, Lectures, etc. Style eloquent and forcible.Maginn, Wm.1793–1842. Irish humorist. Style learned, witty, and brilliant.See Works, edited by R. S. Mackenzie, 5 vols., N. Y. 1857.Pub. Wid.Mahaffey, John Peytland.1839 ——. Author Hist. Classical Greek Lit., Old Greek Life, Rambles and Studies in Greece, Greek Social Life, Old Greek Education, etc.Pub. Apl. Har. Mac.Mahoney, Francis, "Father Prout." 1805–1866. Irish poet and journalist. M. wrote the noted poem, The Bells of Shandon.Maine, Sir Henry James Sumner.1822 ——. Jurist. Author Roman Law, Ancient Law, Village Communities, Early Hist. of Institutions, etc.Pub. Ho.Maitland, Edward.18— ——. Novelist. Author The Higher Law, The Pilgrim and the Shrine, and By-and-By.Pub. Put.Maitland, Sir Richard.1496–1586. Scotch poet.Malcolm, Sir John.1769–1833. Diplomatist. Author Hist. of Persia, Political Hist. India, Life of Lord Clive, etc.See Kaye's Life of, London, 1856.Mallet, David.1700–1765. Scotch poet. Author Ballads, etc.Mallock, Wm. Hurrel.1849 ——. Novelist. Author Is Life Worth Living, The New Republic, Positivism on an Island, Romance of the 19th Cent., etc. A writer of much force and originality.Malmesbury, Wm. of.1095?-1143. Anglo-Norman historian.Malone, Edmund.1741–1812. Shakespearean scholar. Editor of the edition of 1790.See Life, by Prior, 1860.Malory, Sir Thomas.1430?-1496. Author or translator of the famous romance, The Morte d'Arthur.Pub. Mac.Malthus, Thos. Robt.1766–1834. Political economist. Author of a celebrated Essay on the Principle of Population.See Life, by Otter, 1836.Mandeville, Bernard.1670–1733. Philosopher. Author of the noted Fable of the Bees, or Private Vices Public Benefits, etc.See Craik's Eng. Lit. vol. 2.Mandeville, Sir John.1300–1372. "The first writer in formed English." He traveled extensively and wrote an entertaining account of his travels.Manley, Mrs. Mary de la Riviere.1672–1724. Novelist and dramatist. She wrote the noted political satire, The New Atlantis.Manners, John Lord.1818 ——. Poet. Author England's Trust, English Ballads, etc.Manning, Anne.1807 ——. Novelist. Author Mary Powell, Household of Sir Thos. More, Passages in the Life of the Faire Gospeller, etc.Pub. Do.Manning, Henry Edw., Cardinal.1808 ——. Theologian. Author Temporal Power of the Pope, Parochial Sermons, The Vatican Decrees, etc.See Century Mag. May, 1883.Pub. Apl. Sad.Mannyng, Robert.fl. c. 1340. Rhyming chronicler.Mansel, Henry Longueville.1820–1871. Philosopher. Author The Limits of Religious Thought,Philosophy of Consciousness, Bampton Lect., 1858, etc.Pub. Apl. Mac.Mant, Richard.1776–1848. Bp. Killaloe. Religious writer. Author Poems, Hist. Ch. of Ireland, etc.Mantell, Gideon Algernon.1790–1852. Geological writer of note. Author Thoughts on a Pebble, Medals of Creation, etc.Map, orMapes, Walter. 1150–1196. Anglo-Norman poet and romancer.Marlowe, Christopher.1564–1593. Dramatist and poet. The greatest dramatist before Shakespeare. His Tamburlaine was the first blank verse play acted. Faustus, Jew of Malta, and Edward II. are powerful dramas. The influence of Marlowe is traceable in several of Shakespeare's plays.See editions by Cunningham and Dyce.See Schlegel's Dramatic Lit.Pub. Mac. Rou.Marryatt, Frederick.1792–1849. Marine novelist. Peter Simple, Jacob Faithful, and Midshipman Easy are among the best of his novels. They are lively, inartistic tales, full of broad fun and drollery.See Life, by his daughter Florence, 1872.Pub. Apl. Har. Lip. Rob.Marryatt, Florence.See Ross-Church, Mrs.Marsh, Mrs. Anne Caldwell.?—— 1874. Novelist. Author Ravenscliffe, Emilia Wyndham, Lettice Arnold, etc.Pub. Har.Marsh, Herbert.1757–1839. Bp. Peterborough. A profound writer on politics and divinity. Author of a noted Hist. of the Politics of Gt. Britain and France.Marston, John.1575–1634. Dramatist and satirist.See Halliwell's edition, 3 vols., London, 1856.Marston, Philip Bourke.1850 ——. Poet. Son to W. M. Author Song-Tide, All in All, etc., and of numerous sketches and tales. His verse is strongly subjective in tone.See Stedman's Victorian Poets.Marston, Westland.1820 ——. Dramatist and poet. The Patrician's Daughter is one of his best plays.Martin, Theodore.1816 ——. Translator and biographer. Author of Life of the Prince Consort, etc., and with W. E. Aytoun of the Bon Gualtier Ballads.See The Biograph, Jan. 1879.Pub. Apl. Por.Martineau, Harriet.1802–1876. Miscellaneous writer. Her illustrations of political economy are in the form of fiction. Deerbrook and The Hour and the Man are her most noted romances. Style strong, clear, and original.See Autobiography, 1876.Pub. Har. Ho. Mac. Por. Rob. Rou.Martineau, James.1805 ——. Theologian. Bro. to H. M. A leader of Unitarian thought. Author Studies of Christianity, Hymns of Praise and Prayer, Religious and Modern Materialism, Endeavors after a Christian Life, etc.Pub. Ho. Put. Rob. A. U. A.Marvell, Andrew.1620–1678. Poet and controversialist. As the former he ranks among the first of the minor poets of his time. His fancy is delicate and quaint.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 2.Pub. Har.Marzials, Théophile.1850 ——. Poet and musician. Author of The Gallery of Pigeons, etc. Of his songs Twickenham Ferry is one of the best known.See The Biograph, March, 1880.Mason, Wm.1725–1797. Poet. His verse is wordy and feeble.Massey, Gerald.1828 ——. Poet. Author Babe Christabel, Craigcrook Castle, etc. His verse has more sweetness than strength.See Stedman's Victorian Poets.Massinger[măs´sĭn-jĕr],Philip.1584–1640. A writer of much power whose style is clear and flexible. The Virgin Martyr, Fatal Dowry, City Madam, and A New Way to Pay Old Debts, are his finest plays. The latter is often acted.See Works of, edited by Gifford, 4. vols.Masson, David.1822 ——. Scotch biographer and critic. Author British Novelists, Biographical and Critical Essays, Recent British Philosophy, etc. His chief work is a Life of Milton, a book of great merit and ability.See The Biograph, vol. 3.Pub. Mac. Apl.Mathers, Helen.See Reeves, Mrs.Mathias, Thos. James.1776–1835. Supposed author of the poem The Pursuits of Literature.Maturin[măt-yoo´rĭn],Chas. Robert.1782–1824. Irish novelist. Author Melmoth, an extravagant romance, and the tragedy of Bertram.Maurice[maw´rĭss],John Frederic Denison.1805–1872. Theologian and ethical writer. A prominent Broad Church clergyman, writing much and well upon theology, philosophy, and other subjects. A Hist. Moral and Metaphysical Philosophy is his chief work. Others are Theological Essays, The Bible and Science, and the Friendship of Books.Pub. Le. Mac.Maxwell, James Clerk.1831 ——. Scientific writer of note.Pub. Apl. Mac.Maxwell, Mrs. Mary E.[Braddon]. 1837 ——. Novelist. A writer of sensational tales, among which Aurora Floyd is the most famous. Herlatest novels show a greatly improved style.Pub. Har.Maxwell, Wm. Hamilton.1794–1850. Irish novelist. His fiction is military in character.Pub. Rou.Maxwell, Sir Wm. Stirling.1818–1878. Author The Cloister Life of Chas. V., Velasquez and his Works, etc.May, Sir Thos. Erskine.1815 ——. Historian. Author Constitutional Hist. England, Hist. Democracy in Europe, etc. Style careful and thoughtful.See Lit. World, April, 1878, and The Biograph, March, 1880.Pub. Arm. Wid.Mayhew, Augustus.1812–1875. Littérateur.Mayhew, Edward.1813 ——. Veterinary writer. Bro. to A. M. Author Illustrated Horse Doctor, etc.Pub. Apl. Lip. Rou.Mayhew, Henry.1812–1876. Bro. to two preceding. Author London Labor and London Poor, German Life and Manners and numerous humorous works.Pub. Har. Rou.Mayhew, Horace.1819–1872. Humorist. Bro. to three preceding. Author Letters Left at the Pastry Cook's, etc.Mayhew, Thomas.1810 ——. Bro. to four preceding. Editor of the Penny National Library.Mayne, John.1761–1836. Scotch poet. Author of The Siller Gun, Logan Braes, etc.Mayo, Mrs. Isabella Fyvie, "Edward Garrett." 1843 ——. Religious novelist. Author By Still Waters, Occupations of a Retired Life, Gold and Dross, etc.Pub. Do.McCarthy, Denis Florence.1820–1880. Poet and miscellaneous writer. Author Ballads, Poems, and other Lyrics, etc., and translator of the dramas of Calderon.McCarthy, Justin.1830 ——. Novelist and historian. Author Linley Rochford, Dear Lady Disdain, etc., and of a valuable Hist. of Our Own Times. Style graphic and forcible.Pub. Har.McCulloch, John Ramsay.1789–1864. Political economist. Author Principles of Political Economy, Dict. of Commerce, Statistical Account of the British Empire, etc.Melmoth, Wm.1710–1799. Translator of Pliny. Author Lælius, or Friendship, etc.Melville, Sir James.1535–1606. Scotch writer. Author Historical Memoirs.Melville, J. G. Whyte.1821–1878. Novelist. Author Kate Coventry, The White Rose, Katerfelto, etc. Style rapid and spirited.Pub. Apl. Por.Meredith, Owen.See Bulwer-Lytton, E. R.Merivale, Chas.1808–1874. Historian. Author Hist. Latin Christianity, Fall of the Roman Republic, Hist. of the Romans under the Empire, etc. A writer of much ease and dignity of style, whose historical estimates are careful and valuable.Pub. Apl. Har. Rou.Merivale, Herman.1806–1874. Historical writer. Bro. to C. M.Merrick, James.1720–1769. Poet. His poem The Chameleon is well known.Miall, Edward.1809–1881. Political writer. Author Ethics of Non-Conformity, The Voluntary Principle, etc.Mickle, Wm. Julius.1734–1788. Scotch poet. His poem, Cumnor Hall, suggested Scott's Kenilworth.See Works of, 1808.Middleton, Conyers.1683–1750. Theologian. M. wrote a Life of Cicero and a Free Inquiry into the Miraculous Powers of the Church.Middleton, Thomas.1570–1627. Dramatist. The Witch of Edmonton, a tragi-comedy, is his most noted play.See Dyce's edition, 1840.Mill, James.1773–1836. Scotch historian and philologist. Author of an impartial Hist. British India, Analysis of the Mind, etc.Mill, John Stuart.1806–1873. Philosopher. Son to J. M. A profound but cold thinker and writer. Author System of Logic, Political Economy, Liberty, Subjection of Women, etc.See Autobiography, Table's Eng. Lit., and Caroline Fox's Memories of old Friends.Pub. Apl. Har. Ho. Lit.Miller, Hugh.1802–1856. Geologist. Author Old Red Sandstone, Footprints of the Creator, etc., works which greatly helped to popularize the study of geology.See Life, by Peter Bayne.Pub. Ca.Miller, Thomas.1808 ——. Poet and novelist. Author Rural Sketches, Country Scenes, Fair Rosamond, Songs for British Riflemen, etc.Pub. Rou.Milman, Henry Hart. 1791–1868. Poet and historian. M. was author of Fazio, a successful drama, of an excellent Hist. of the Jews, of numerous poems, and editor of an annotated Gibbon.Pub. Arm. Har. Lit. Por. Put. Rou.Milnes[milnz],Richard Monckton, Lord Houghton.1809 ——. Poet and littérateur. Author Poems of Many Years, Life of Keats, etc.See Stedman's Victorian Poets.Pub. Rob.Milton, John.1608–1674. Poet. His literary life sharply defines itself into 3 periods; in the first, 1626–1640, he wrote the poems L'Allegro, Il Penseroso, the Pastoral of Comus, and the elegy Lycidas. During the second, 1640–1660, he wrote prose treatises, mainly controversial, such as the Areopagitica, and his sonnets. After 1660 came the great epics,Paradise Lost, and Paradise Regained, and the choral drama Samson Agonistes. A great artist, he created the Eng. epic, infusing it with his own severe strength and dignity. He had no humor or feeling for dramatic situation but he could be both graceful and tender as his early poems show. He was the great Puritan poet. Of the numerous Lives of Milton the best are,Masson's and Mark Pattison's Milton in Eng. Men of Letters. Pickering's, Rossetti's and Masson's are among the best editions of his poems. For complete edition of his prose works see Bohn's Standard Library.See Hines's Study of Paradise Lost.Pub. Mac.Minto, Wm.1845 ——. Littérateur. Author Characteristics of Eng. Poets, from Chaucer to Shirley, Manual of Eng. Prose Lit., Defoe in Eng. Men of Letters, etc.Pub. Har.Mitford, John.1781–1859. Poet and critic.Mitford, Mary Russell.1786–1855. Miscellaneous writer. Author of the tragedies Julian, Rienzi, Foscari, etc., and the charming series of those sketches entitled Our Village.See Fields' Yesterdays with Authors, and The Friendships of Mary Russell Mitford.Pub. Har.Mitford, Wm.1744–1827. Historian. Author Hist. of Greece, etc.See Life, by Lord Redesdale.Mivart, St. George.1827 ——. Naturalist. Author The Genesis of Species, Contemporary Evolution, The Cat, etc.Pub. Apl. Mac. Scr.Moberly, Geo.1803 ——. Bp. Salisbury. Religious writer.Pub. Dut.Moir[moi´ȇr],David Macbeth.1798–1851. Scotch poet and novelist.Molesworth, Mrs. Mary Louisa [Stewart], "Ennis Graham." 1841 ——. Scotch novelist. Author of the novels Hathercourt and Miss Bouverie, and of numerous excellent juvenile works of which The Cuckoo Clock, Carrots, and The Tapestry Room are well-known examples.See The Spectator, Jan. 1880, Jan. 1881, and Jan. 1882.Pub. Har. Ho. Mac. Rou.Monboddo, Lord.See Burnet, James.Montagu, Chas. Earl of Halifax.1661–1715. Poet. Co-author with Prior of The City Mouse and the Country Mouse, and author of miscellaneous poems.See Johnson's Lives of the Poets.Montagu, Mrs. Elizabeth.1720–1800. Founder of the Blue Stocking Club and author of a once famous essay on the Genius of Shakespeare.See Doran's A Lady of the Last Century.Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley.1690–1762. Famous for her brilliant and satirical Letters.See Letters of, edited by Mrs. S.J. Hale, N. Y., 1856.Montgomery[mȏnt-gŭm-ĕr-ĭ],James.1771–1854. Scotch poet. His verse is not strong, but some of his hymns are general favorites.See Critical Essays, by A. K. H. Boyd.Pub. Hou. Rou.Montgomery, Robert.1808–1855. Poet. Author Satan, etc. Style stilted, showy, and unnatural.See Macauley's Miscellaneous Essays.Montrose, Marquis of.See Grahame, James.Moore, Edward.1712–1757. Dramatist. Author of the tragedy, The Gamester.Moore, John.1730–1802. Scotch novelist. Author Zeluco, Edward, Mordaunt, etc.See Works, with Memoir, 7 vols., Edinburgh, 1820.Moore, Thomas.1779–1852. Irish poet. Author of Irish Melodies, which take high rank as lyrics, Lalla Rookh, a vol. of brilliant and showy oriental poetry, and of much other verse, as well as severalprose works. Though by no means a great poet, he has always been a popular one.See R. H. Montgomery's Life of, 1850; also Earl Russell's edition of Moore's Diary.Pub. Apl. Arm. Clx. Har. Hou. Le. Lip. For. Rou. Scr.More, Hannah.1745–1833. Dramatist and ethical writer. Author of Percy, a drama, and of numerous popular moral tales, of which The Shepherd of Salisbury Plain is the most famous.See complete works, 1853.See Lives by Shaw, Roberts, Thompson, and Smith.Pub. Ca. Har. Lip.More, Henry.1614–1687. Philosopher. A writer whose mystical theories are expressed in a clear, limpid style.More, Sir Thomas.1480–1530. Philosopher. His famous prose romance, The Utopia, embodies many of his philosophical views.See Life by Sir James Mackintosh.Pub. Mac.Morell, Thomas.1703–1784. Philologist. Author of the text of the Oratorios of Joshua and Judas Maccabæus.Morgan, Lady Sydney Owenson.1783–1859. Irish novelist. Author Wild Irish Girl, Absenteeism, etc. A voluminous author, spirited but wanting in refinement.Morier, James.1780–1849. Oriental novelist. Hajji Baba is his most noted work.Pub. Rou.Morley, Henry.1822 ——. Author Hist. Eng. Lit., Tables of Eng. Lit., Journal of a London Playgoer, Life of Palissy the Potter, etc.Pub. Cas.Morley, John.1838 ——. Essayist and biographer. Author Lives of Voltaire and Rousseau, Limits of the Historic Method, On Compromise, Burke on Eng. Men of Letters, etc.Pub. Apl. Har.Morris, Wm.1834 ——. The Defence of Guinevere, Life and Death of Jason, and The Earthly Paradise are his chief poems. His verse is mainly classical or mediæval in subject and epic in form.See Stedman's Victorian Poets and Swinburne's Essays and Studies.Pub. Rob.Mortimer, Mrs. Favell Lee.1802–1878. Religious writer. Author Reading Without Tears, Peep of Day Series, etc.Pub. Ca. Har. Hou.Morton, Thomas.1764–1838. Dramatist. Author Speed the Plough, Secrets Worth Knowing, etc.See Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 1838.Moss, Thomas.1740–1808. Poet. Author of the famous poem beginning "Pity the sorrows of a poor Old Man."Motherwell, Wm.1797–1858. Scotch poet. Jeanie Morrison, The Cavalier's Song, and others of his ballads possess great lyric beauty.See edition 1849.Mozley, James Bowling.1813–1878. Theologian. Author Lect. on the Miracles, On Subscription to the Articles, Sermons, Essays, Historical, Theological, etc. A clear, masterly thinker.Pub. Dut.Mozley, Thomas.1806 ——. Bro. to J. B. M. Author Reminiscences of Oriel College and the Oxford Movement.Pub. Hou.Mudie[moo´dĭ or mū´dĭ]Robert.Scotch naturalist. Author of some 90 vols. mainly on natural history; British Birds is his most important work.Pub. Har.Muller, Friedric Max.1823 ——. German philologist. Author Chips from a German Workshop, Science of Lang., Hist. Ancient Sanskrit Lit., etc.Pub. Mac. Scr.Muloch, Dinah Maria.See Craik, Mrs.Munday, Anthony.1553–1633. Dramatist.See Carew Hazlitt's Early English Literature.Murchison, Sir Roderick I.1792–1871. Geologist of note.See Memoirs of, by Geikie, 2 vols., London, 1874.Mure, Wm.1799–1860. Scotch historian. Author Critical Hist., Lang. and Lit. of Ancient Greece, The Calendar of the Zodiac of Ancient Egypt, etc.Murphy, Arthur.1730–1805. Dramatist. Of his 23 plays The Grecian Daughter and The Way to Keep Him were the most popular.Murray, Alexander.1775–1813. Scotch philologist. Author Hist. European Languages.Murray, Hugh.1779–1841. Scotch geographer. Author of the Encyclopedia of Geography, etc.Pub. Har.Myers, Ernest.18— ——. Poet. Author of The Puritans, The Defence of Rome, and other Poems, etc.Pub. Mac.Myers, Frederic Wm. Henry.1843 ——. Poet and littérateur. Author of St. Paul, a poem, The Renewal of Youth and other Poems, Wordsworth in Eng. Men of Letters, and Essays Modern and Classical. A thoughtful writer, possessing a graceful and scholarly style.Pub. Har. Mac. Ran.Nabbes, Thomas.1600–1645. Dramatist.Nairne, Baroness.See Oliphant, Carolina.Napier, Admiral Sir Chas.1786–1860. Military historian. Cousin to Sir C. J. N. Author Hist. Baltic Campaign, etc.See Life and Correspondence, 1862.Napier, Gen. Sir Chas. James.1782–1853. Author Lights and Shadows of Military Life, Hist. Ionian Islands, etc.See Life and Opinions of, 4 vols., London, 1857.Napier, Capt. Henry Edward.1789–1853. Historian. Bro. to Sir C. J. N. Author of a valuable Hist. of Florence in 7 vols. Style easy and flowing.Napier, John.1550–1617. Scotch mathematical writer. Inventor of logarithms.Napier, Macvey.1776–1847. Scotch writer. Editor of the supplement and 7th edition of the Encyc. Brit. and for 17 years editor of the Edinburgh Rev.Napier, Mark.1798 ——. Biographer. Author Memorials of Montrose, Life and Times of Montrose, etc.Napier, Gen. Sir Wm. Francis Patrick.1785–1860. Military historian. Bro. to Sir. C. J. N. and H. E. N. His great work is the Hist. of the Peninsular War, a work of great value, possessing a perennial charm.See H. Martineau's Biographical Sketches, and Life by H. A. Bruce, 1863.Pub. Arm. Rou.Nares, Edward.1762–1841. Elements of General Hist. and the novel, Thinks I to Myself, are among his chief works.Nares, Robert.1753–1829. Critical and theological writer. Cousin to E. N.Nash, Thomas.1577–1600. Dramatist. Author Summer's Last Will and Testament, and of many brilliant satirical pamphlets.See edition of Pierre Penniless, with Life of Nash by Collier, 1842.Neville, Henry.1620–1694. Political philosopher. Author of Plato Redivivus, a dialogue concerning government.Newcastle, Margaret, Duchess of.1624–1673. An untiring writer of tasteless works in verse and prose.See Poems of, edited by E. Brydges, 1813.Newcome, Wm.1729–1800. Abp. Armagh. Theologian. Author Harmony of the Gospels, etc.Newman, Francis Wm.1805 ——. Miscellaneous writer. Author of Phases of Faith, etc. He has written largely on religious topics from a rationalistic standpoint.Newman, Cardinal John Henry.1801 ——. Theologian. Bro. to F. W. N. Author Tract No. 90, Parochial Sermons, Theory of Religious Belief, The Grammar of Assent, Apologia Pro Vita Sua, Poems, etc. The Apologia is one of the very finest of autobiographies. Style clear, polished, and logical.See Century Mag. June, 1882.Pub. Cath.Newton, Sir Isaac.1642–1727. Mathematical philosopher. A writer of clear, comprehensive intellect, Author of the Principia and a valuable treatise on Optics, etc.See Brewster's Life of.Pub. Mac.Newton, John.1722–1807. Devotional writer. Co-author with Cowper of the Olney Hymns.See Works of London, 6 vols. 8vo, 1816.Nichol, John.1833 ——. Scotch littérateur. Author Sketch Am. Lit., the drama of Hannibal, Tables of European Lit. and Hist., and a brilliant monograph on Byron in Eng. Men of Letters.See Lit. World. Feb. 24, 1883.Pub. Apl. Har.Nichol, John Pringle.1804–1859. Astronomer. Author The Solar System, The Stellar Heavens, Dict. Physical Sciences, etc.Nicholas, Thomas.1820–1879. Ethnologist and historian. Author Pedigree of the Eng. People, Hist. of Wales, etc.Nicholson, Wm.1655–1727. Abp. Cashel. Antiquarian writer.Nicol, Henry.1845–1881. Philologist. Author Hist. Eng. Sounds.Nicolas, Sir Nicholas Harris.1799–1848. Genealogist. Author Hist. Orders of Knighthood of the Brit. Empire, etc.Nicoll, Robert.1814–1837. Scotch poet.Noel-Fearn, Henry[Christmas]. 1811–1868. Miscellaneous writer. Author Science and History, Preachers and Preaching, etc.Norris, John.1657–1711. Platonic philosopher. Author Theory of the Ideal World, etc.North, Christopher.See Wilson, John.Norton, Mrs. Caroline Elizabeth Sheridan[Lady Maxwell]. 1808–1877. Poet and novelist. Her verse has much grace and intensity of feeling. Bingen on the Rhine is her most quoted poem.Pub. Har. Lip. Mac. Ran.Norton, Thomas.1532–1584. Dramatist. Co-author with Sackville of the tragedy Ferrex and Porrex, and assistant of Sternhold and Hopkins in their metrical version of the Psalms.Nugent, Lord.See Grenville, George.Occam, Wm. of.1270–1347. Philosopher. Defender of the doctrine of Nominalism and the greatest logician of the Middle Ages.Occleve, Thos.c. 1370–1454. Poet. His verse has little merit.O'Hare, Kane.1722–1782. Irish dramatist.O'Keefe, John.1747–1833. Irish dramatist. The best of his numerous plays and operas, some of which are still acted, is Wild Oats.Oldham, John.1653–1683. Poet. Author of Satires against the Jesuits. Style spirited and forcible.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 2.Oldmixon, John.1673–1742. Dramatist and historian. His plays and histories are of slight value, and his chief title to remembrance is Pope's satire upon him in The Dunciad.Oldys, Wm.1696–1761. Biographer and antiquarian. Best known by his famous little poem, The Fly and the Cup of Ale.
Hope, Thomas.1770–1831. Miscellaneous writer. Author Costumes of the Ancients, Household Furniture, etc., and the famous Oriental tale Anastasius.Pub. Har.
Horne, George.1730–1792. Bp. Norwich. Theologian. Author of a noted Commentary on the Psalms.Pub. Ca.
Horne, Richard Hengist.1803 ——. Dramatic poet. Author Gregory VII., Cosmo de Medici, Ballads and Romances, Orion, etc. A writer of much power, whose circle of readers is undeservedly small.See Stedman's Victorian Poets.Pub. Rob. Rou.
Horne, Thos. Hartwell.1780–1862. Theologian. Best known by his Introduction to the Scriptures.Pub. Ca.
Horne-Tooke, John.1736–1812. Philologist. Author The Diversions of Purley, etc.See Memoirs, by Hamilton, 1812, Stephens, 1813, Graham, 1828, N. Y.
Horner Francis.1778–1817. Writer on political economy and one of the founders of the Edinburgh Rev.See Memoir and Correspondence, 1843.
Horsley, Samuel.1733–1806. Bp. St. Asaph. Theological and controversial writer of note.See Works of, 6 vols., London, 1845.
Houghton, Lord.See Milnes, R. M.
Hoveden de[hōv´den],Roger.fl. c. 1200. Chronicler.See Bohn's Antiquarian Library.
Howard, Henry, Earl of Surrey.1515–1547. His verse is mainly lyrical, his love songs being his best; nevertheless he first introduced blank verse into Eng. poetry.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1.
Howe, John. 1630–1705.Theological writer.See Life, by Rogers, 1836.Pub. Dra.
Howell, James.1594–1666. Miscellaneous writer.See Arber's reprints of Instructions for Foreign Travel, etc.
Howitt, Anna Mary.Dau. to W. H. and M. H. See Watts, Mrs. A. M.
Howitt, Mrs. Mary Botham.1799 ——. Wife to W. H. An industrious author of numerous popular poems, mainly juvenile, of several excellent prose tales, and of numerous translations from the Swedish, German, and Danish, the most noted of these being the works of Fredrika Bremer and Hans Andersen. Her work is characterized by earnestness and sincerity of purpose.See the Biograph, Aug. 1880.Pub. Alp. Har. Rob. Rou.
Howitt, Wm.1796–1879. Poet and Miscellaneous Writer. A versatile author whose Rural Life in England, Book of the Seasons, etc., have been deservedly popular. His wife was co-author with him of many books.Pub. Har. Rou.
Howson, John Saul.1816 ——. Dean of Chester. Theologian. Author Life and Epistles of St. Paul [with W. J. Conybeare], Companions of St. Paul, Metaphors of St. Paul, Miracles of Christ, etc.Pub. Mac. Rou.
Hoyle[hoil],Edward.1672–1769. A noted writer upon Games.Pub. Lip. Rou.
Hugesson.See Knatchbull-Hugesson.
Hughes, John.1677–1720. Poet and essayist. A contributor to The Spectator.
Hughes, Thomas.1823 ——. A popular writer whose School Days at Rugby, Tom Brown at Oxford, Life of King Alfred, Manliness of Christ, Scouring of the White Horse, etc., have been widely read.Pub. Hou. Mac. Por.
Hume, David.1711–1766. Scottish historian andphilosopher. Author Philosophical Essays, Hist. of England, etc. His style possesses originality and spirit, but as a historian he is inaccurate.See Life and Correspondence of, by T. Hill Burton, Edinburgh, 1847; also Hume, by T. H. Huxley in Eng. Men of Letters.Pub. Har. Lip. Por.
Hunt, James Henry Leigh.1784–1859. Poet and essayist. Francesca da Rimini and Legend of Florence are his finest poems, but Abou-Ben-Adhem is the best known. A writer whose happy, genial spirit expresses itself in his prose and verse.See Autobiography edited by his son, 1850.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 4, and Century Mag. March, 1882.Pub. Har. Rob. Rou.
Hunter, Mrs. Anne.1742–1821. Poet. Her lyrics possess much beauty, and some of them were set to music by Haydn. "My mother bids me bind my hair" is well known.
Hurd, Richard.1720–1808. Bp. Worcester. Theologian. Author Dialogues, Sermons, etc.See edition 1811, 8 vols.
Hutcheson, Francis.1694–1747. Irish metaphysician. Author of a System of Moral Philosophy, etc. Founder of the Scotch Metaphysical School.
Hutchinson, Mrs. Lucy.1620–1659. Known to literature by her admirable Memoirs of her husband first published in 1808.
Hutton, Richard Holt.1826 ——. His main work in the London Spectator. Author Essays, Theological and Literary.Pub. Har. Mac. Por.
Huxley, Thomas Henry.1825 ——. Naturalist. Author Man's Place in Nature, Comparative Anatomy, Protoplasm, Lay Sermons, etc. A leader in modern thought and investigation.Pub. Apl. Mac.
Hyde, Edward, Earl of Clarendon.1608–1673. Historian. Author Hist. of the Great Rebellion. His style is defective, but he is fully master of his subject.
Inchbald, Mrs. Elizabeth.1753–1821. Novelist and dramatist. Her novels, A Simple Story and Nature and Art were once popular, and some of her plays are yet acted. The best are Such Things Are, Wives as They Were and Maids as They Are, and Lovers' Vows.See Boaden's Life of, 1833; also Miss Kavanagh's Eng. Women of Letters.Pub. Har.
Ingelow[ĭn´jĕ-low],Jean.1830 ——. Poet and novelist. Her novels Off the Skelligs, Don John, etc., though popular and entertaining, are inartistic in construction. Her poetry, though occasionally obscure, is always graceful and beautiful. Songs of Seven, The High Tide, and Divided are among the best.Pub. Rob. Rou.
Ingleby, Clement Mansfield.1823 ——. Shakespearean scholar. Author of Shakespeare—the Man and the Book, View of the Shakespeare Controversy, etc.
Inglis, Henry David.1795–1835. Scotch writer of travels.
Ingulphus.1030?-1109. A monk to whom was long ascribed the famous History of the Abbey of Croyland.See Bohn's Antiquarian Library.
Ireland, Wm. Henry.1777–1835. Shakespearean forger. Author of a wretched play called Vortigern, which he asserted to be by Shakespeare.See Ingleby's Shakespeare, The Man and the Book, Part 2.
Irons, Wm.1812–1883. Theologian. Author ofThe Whole Doctrine of Final Causes, Parochial Lect., Sermons for the People, Hymns from the Hebrew, Athanasius Contoa Mundum, etc.Pub. Dut.
Irving, Edward.1792–1834. Scotch theologian. Founder of the Irvingite, or Catholic Apostolic Church.See Lives by Wilkes and Mrs. Oliphant; also Carlyle's Reminiscences.
James I.King of Scotland. 1394–1437. Poet. The King's Quhair is a long love poem in 7-line stanzas, and pure and sweet in sentiment.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1.
James V.King of Scotland. 1511–1542. Poet. Supposed author of Peebles to the Play and Christ's Kirk on the Green: comic and satirical ballads.
James VI.of Scotland, I. of England. 1566–1625. Author of some feeble poetry, a number of theological treatises and a famous Counterblast Against Tobacco.
James, George Payne Rainsford.1801–1860. Novelist. Author of an immense number of novels with a strong likeness to each other. Beginning by imitating Scott, he ended by copying himself.Pub. Har. Rou.
Jameson, Mrs. Anna.1797–1860. An able writer who touched upon many topics. Characteristics of Women, Sacred and Legendary Art, and Diary of an Ennuyée, are some of her books. Her dissertations upon Shakespeare's women are keenly appreciative.See Memoir of, by Geraldine Macpherson; also H. Martineau's Biographical Sketches.Pub. Apl. Har. Hou. Por. Rou.
Jeaffreson, John Cordy.1831 ——. Novelist and biographer. Author Live It Down, The Real Lord Byron, etc.Pub. Har.
Jeffrey, Lord Francis.1773–1850. Scotch critic and essayist. One of the founders of the Edinburgh Review. A writer of great merit, but one whose judgment was often warped by prejudice.See Life by Lord Cockburn, 1852.
Jenkins, Edward.1838 ——. Political satirist. Author Ginx's Baby, Lord Bantam, Haverholme, etc.Pub. Har.
Jenyns, Soame.1704–1787. Moralist.See complete works of, London, 1790.
Jephson, Robert.1736–1803. Dramatist. The Court of Narbonne and Duke of Braganza were successful tragedies in their day.
Jerdan, Wm.1782–1869. Journalist.See Autobiography, 1853.
Jerrold, Douglas Wm.1803–1857. Dramatist and humorist. Black-Eyed Susan and Rent Day are his best dramas. Of his other works, A Man Made of Money, Chronicles of Clovernook, and The Caudle Lectures are most noted.See Life by his son.Pub. Har. Hou. Rou.
Jerrold, Wm. Blanchard.1826 ——. Miscellaneous writer. Son to D. W. J. Author Imperial Paris, Napoleon III., etc.
Jevons, Wm. Stanley.1835–1882. Political economist. Author The State in Relation to Labor, Methods of Social Reform and other Essays, Investigations in Currency and Finance, etc.Pub. Apl. Mac.
Jewsbury, Geraldine Endsor.1821–1880. Novelist and journalist. Author of Zoë, Half Sisters, Constance Herbert, etc.Pub. Har.
Jewsbury, Maria Jane.Sister to G. E. J. See Fletcher, Mrs.
Johnson, Samuel.1705–1773. Dramatist. Author Hurlothrumbo, etc.
Johnson, Samuel.1709–1784. Lexicographer and miscellaneous writer. Author of London, a poetical satire, Rasselas, a didactic novel, Lives of the Poets, Dict. of the Eng. Lang., and numerous other works. His style is heavy and ponderous, but dignified, sonorous, and peculiarly his own. He was the greatest literary figure in England between 1745 and 1784.See Boswell's Life of, edited by J. W. Croker; also Johnson by Leslie Stephen in Eng. Men of Letters.Pub. Har. Le. Lit. Mac.
Johnston, Arthur.1587–1641. Scotch poet. Noted for a fine Latin translation of the Psalms.
Johnstone, Charles.—— 1800. Novelist. His Adventures of a Guinea was once popular.See W. Scott's Lives of Eminent Novelists.
Jones, Sir Wm.1746–1794. Poet, Orientalist, and translator.See edition of 1807 with Life.
Jonson, Ben.1574–1637. Dramatist. A robust, dignified writer, more popular in his day than Shakespeare. Volpone, Silent Woman, Alchemist, Every Man in his Humor, and Every Man out of his Humor are his best comedies: Catiline and Sejanus his only tragedies. His pastoral drama, The Sad Shepherd, is graceful and sweet.See Cunningham's edition of Johnson, 1870, and Schlegel's Dramatic Literature.Pub. Apl. Rou.
Jortin, John.1698–1770. Ecclesiastical historian.
Jowett, Benjamin.1817 ——. Greek scholar. Translator of Plato and Thucydides.Pub Scr.
Junius.See Francis, Sir Philip.
Kames, Lord.See Home, Henry.
Kavanagh[kav´a-nä´ or kav´a-nah´],Julia.1824–1877. Irish novelist. Author Nathalie, Eng. Women of Letters, Beatrice, etc.Pub. Apl. Ho.
Kaye, Sir John Wm.1814–1876. Military historian. Author Hist. War in Afghanistan 1851, Hist. Sepoy War, Lives of Indian Officers, Essays of an Optimist, etc.Pub. Lip. Rou.
Keary, Annie.1825–1879. Novelist. Author Castle Daly, A Doubting Heart, Heroes of Asgard, Clemency Franklyn, etc.See Memoir of, by her Sister; also Catholic World, July, 1879.Pub. Har. Mac. Por.
Keats, John.1795–1821. Poet. A great master of the music of verse. The Ode on a Grecian Urn and Ode to a Nightingale are nearly perfect poems. The Eve of St. Agnes, Isabella, Hyperion and Endymion are longer poems, full of sensuous richness of expression and intensity of feeling.See Rossetti's edition of.See Life of, by Lord Houghton.
Keble[kĕb´l],John.1792–1866. Religious poet. Author Christian Year, Lyra Innocentium, etc. Versification musical and refined.See Shairp's Studies in Poetry and Philosophy, C. Yonge's Musings over the Christian Year, Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 4, and Memoir by J. T. Coleridge.Pub. Dut.
Keddie, Henrietta, "Sarah Tytler." 1827 ——. Novelist. Author Citoyenne Jacqueline, What She Came Through, and several valuable literary and artistic handbooks.Pub. Har. Rob. Rou.
Keightley[kīt´lĭ],Thomas.1789–1872. Historian. Author Hist. England to 1839, Outlines of Hist., Mythology of Ancient Greece, etc.Pub. Apl. Har. Lip.
Kemble, Adelaide.See Sartoris, Mrs.
Kemble, Frances Anne.1811 ——. Poet and miscellaneous writer.See Allibone's Dict.Pub. Har. Ho.
Kemble, John Mitchell.1807–1857. Anglo-Saxonscholar. Bro to A. K. and F. A. K. Author of The Saxons in England, etc. A writer of authority in his department.
Ken, Thomas.1637–1711. Bp. Bath and Wells. Poet. His Morning and Evening Hymns introduced a simpler, sincerer style of religious poetry.See Life, by Duyckinck.
Kenney, Charles Lamb.1823–1881. Dramatist. Author lives of Balzac and Balfe, etc.Pub. Rou.
Kenney, James.1780–1849. Dramatist. Author Raising the Wind, etc.
King, Henry.1591–1669. Bp. Chichester. Religious poet.
Kinglake, Alex. Wm.1802 ——. Historian. A brilliant and powerful writer. Author Hist. Crimean War, Eothen, etc.Pub. Arm. Har.
Kingsley, Charles.1819–1875. Novelist and poet. Author of Andromeda, the finest Eng. hexameter poem, and the stories, Alton Locke, Yeast, Westward Ho, Hypatia, At Last, etc. Style forcible but uneven.See Life by Mrs. Kingsley, 1876.Pub. Apl. Har. Mac. Lip. Scr.
Kingsley, Henry.1830–1876. Novelist. Bro. to C. K. Author Ravenshoe, Silcote of Silcotes, Austin Elliott, Hetty, etc.Pub. Do. Har. Mac. Rou.
Kingston, Wm. H. G.1843–1880. Author of spirited tales of adventure for young readers.Pub. Arm. Cas. Lip. Rou.
Kitchener, Wm.1775–1827. Physician. Author of the Cook's Oracle, etc.Pub. Har.
Kitto, John.1804–1854. Author of the Pictorial Bible, Cyc. of Biblical Lit., etc.Pub. Ca. Phi.
Knatchbull-Hugesson, Edward.1829 ——. Writer for children. Author Crackers for Christmas and several vols. of fairy tales.Pub. Apl. Har. Rou.
Knight, Charles.1791–1873. Shakespearean scholar and miscellaneous writer. Author of a Pictorial Hist. England, etc. Editor of a Pictorial Shakespeare, etc.See Passages from the Life of (pub. Put.).Pub. Fu. Lip. Por.
Knight, Richard Payne.1750–1824. Poet and antiquary. His verse is worthless, but his archæological works are much esteemed.See edition, 1874, N. Y.
Knolles[nōlz],Richard.1540–1610. Historian. His Hist. of the Turks was much praised by Dr. Johnson and Hallam.
Knowles, Herbert.1798–1817. Religious poet.
Knowles, James Sheridan.1794–1862. Irish dramatist. His best tragedies are Caius Gracchus, Virginius, and Wm. Tell. The Hunchback is his finest comedy. While his works will not bear severe criticism, they are popular and among the best acting of modern plays.See edition, 1873.
Knowles, Richard Brinsley.1819?-1882. Son to J. S. K. Journalist and historical writer. Was author of the comedy The Maiden Aunt.
Knox, Mrs. Craig.See Craig-Knox.
Knox, John.1505–1572. Scotch theologian. Author Hist. Reformation in Scotland, and First Blast Against the Monstrous Regiment of Women.See Lives by Smeaton, 1572; McCrie, 1812; Niemeyer, 1824; Laing, 1847, and Brandes, 1863.See Fraser's Mag. April, 1875; also Lorimer's John Knox and the Church of England.
Knox, Vicesimus.1752–1821. Essayist. Author Winter Evenings, Family Lect., etc.
Knox, Wm.1789–1825. Scotch poet. Best remembered for his poem "O why should the spirit of mortal be proud!"Pub. Le.
Kyd, Thomas.fl. c. 1590. Dramatist. Author Hieronimo, The Spanish Tragedy, etc.See Lamb's Dramatic Poets.
Kynaston, Francis.1587–1642. Poet.
Laffan, May.18— ——. Novelist. Author Hogan, M. P., Flitters, Tatters and the Counsellor, Christy Carew, and The Honorable Miss Ferrard.Pub. Ho. Mac.
Lang, David.1793–1878. Librarian and bibliographer. A literary student of great diligence, and editor and author of some two hundred and fifty works.
Laing, Malcolm.1762–1818. Scotch historian. Author Hist. of Scotland, etc. Style independent and truthful.
Laing, Samuel.1780–1868. Traveler. Author Norway, Tour in Sweden, etc., and translator of the Heimskringla, or Chronicle of the Kings of Norway.
Lamb, Caroline, Lady.1785–1828. Novelist. Author Glenarvon, Graham Hamilton, etc.
Lamb, Charles.1775–1834. Essayist. A humorist who is unsurpassed for gentleness and purity of style. Essays of Elia, Rosamond Gray, a tale, John Woodvil, a drama; and Specimens of Old Eng. Dramatists are his chief works. Among the Essays Dream-Children is the most nearly perfect.See Lives by Talfourd, Fitzgerald, and Procter.See Centenary edition of, 1875.Pub. Arm. Clx. Har. Lip. Rou.
Lamb, Mary Anne.1765–1847. Sister to C. L. and co-author with him of Tales from Shakespeare, Poetry for Children, etc.See W. Carew Hazlitt's edition of Poems, Letters, etc. of Chas. and MaryLamb, 1874; and Mary Lamb, by Anne Gilchrist, in Famous Women.
Landon, Letitia Elizabeth[Mrs. Maclean], 1802–1838. Poet and novelist. Her verse is melodious and delicate, but is lacking in force.See Poems of, edited by W. B. Scott, 1873.See Life by L. Blanchard, 1841, and Living Age, Jan. 6, 1883.Pub. Apl.
Landor, Walter Savage.1775–1864. Poet and prose writer. Author Gebir, Heroic Idyls, Hellenics, etc., and of numerous prose works, of which the Imaginary Conversations is the chief. A strong, original writer, self asserting and unrestrained.See Forster's Life of, Stedman's Victorian Poets, Atlantic Monthly, April, May, and June, 1864, and Feb. 1883, H. Martineau's Biographical Sketches, and Landor, by Colvin, in Eng. Men of Letters.Pub. Lip. Rob.
Lane, Edward Wm.1801–1876. Orientalist. Author Modern Egyptians, Arabic Lexicon, etc., and translator of the Arabian Nights.Pub. Lit.
Lang, Andrew.1844 ——. Poet. Author Ballads in Blue China, Helen of Troy, etc.See Harper's Mag. May, 1882, "Some London Poets."Pub. Mac.
Langhorne, John.1735–1779. Poet and translator of Plutarch.
Langland, Wm.c. 1322-c. 1400. Poet. Author Vision of Piers Plowman, an allegorical, satirical poem, aimed at the corruptions of the church.See edition by Wright, 1856; also Skeat's edition.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1.Pub. Mac.
Lardner, Dionysius.1793–1859. Scientific writer.
Lardner, Nathaniel.1684–1768. Theological writer.See Collected Works, with Memoir by Kippis, 1788.
Latham, Rob't Gordon.1812 ——. Ethnologist. Author Man and His Migrations, etc.
Latimer, Hugh.c. 1491–1555. Bp. Worcester. Theologian. His Sermons are rude but forcible and strongly idiomatic discourses.See Corrie's edition. London, 4 vols. 8vo, 1845.See Life, by Demaus, 1869; and Tulloch's Leaders of the Reformation.
Law, Wm.1686–1761. Theologian. Author Serious Call to a Higher Life, etc.See Life, by Tighe, 1813.
Lawrence, Geo. Alfred.1827–1876. Novelist. Author Guy Livingstone, Sword and Gown, Sans Merci, Anteros, Maurice Dering, etc.Pub. Har. Lip.
Layamon.fl. c. 1200. Author The Brut, or Chronicle of Britain, a famous semi-Saxon poem. Style earnest and simple.See F. Madden's edition, 1847.
Layard[lā-ard],Austen Henry.1817 ——. Archæologist. Author Nineveh and its Remains, Monuments of Nineveh, etc.Pub. Har.
Lear, Edward.18— ——. Author Journal of a Landscape Painter, Nonsense Book, etc.Pub. Rob.
Lecky, Wm. Edw. Hartpole.1838 ——. Irish historian. Author Hist. Rationalism, Hist. European Morals, Hist. England in the 18th Cent. etc. A careful, dignified writer who treats of history philosophically.Pub. Apl.
Lee, Frederick George.1832 ——. Theologian and poet. Author of Historical Sketches of the Reformation, Lyrics of Life and Light, etc.See The Biograph, Aug. 1880.Pub. Dut.
Lee, Harriet.1766–1851. Author [with Sophia L.] of the Canterbury Tales, a series of tales of much power. Byron's Werner is a version of one of them.
Lee, Holme.See Parr, Harriet.
Lee, Nathaniel.1655–1692. Dramatist. Alexander the Great is one of his tragedies.
Lee, Sophia.1750–1824. Novelist. Sister to H. L. Author of two of the Canterbury Tales, of several novels, and of the comedy The Chapter of Accidents.
Lee, Wm.1815–1883. Irish theologian and ecclesiologist. His chief work is the Donnellan Lect. on the Inspiration of Scripture. A profound biblical scholar.Pub. Ca.
LeFanu, J. Sheridan.?—— 1874. Novelist. Author All in the Dark, Tenants of Malory, etc.Pub. Har.
Leighton[lā-ton],Rob't.1613–1684. Abp. Glasgow. Theologian. His style is still much admired.See Pearson's edition, London, 1828, N. Y. 1859.Pub. Ca.
L. E. L.See Landon.
Leland, John.1506–1552. Antiquarian. Author The Itinerary, etc.
Lemon, Mark.1809–1870. Journalist, novelist, and dramatist. The Serious Family is his best known farce. Author Jest Book, etc.Pub. Mac.
Lempriere[lĕm´prĭ-er, or lem-preer´],John.1765–1824. Scholar of note. Author of a Classical Dict., and a Universal Biography.Pub. Lip. Put. Rou.
Lennox, Mrs. Charlotte.1720–1804. Novelist. Author Harriet Stuart and The Female Quixote.
Lesley, John.1527–1596. Bp. Ross. Scotch historian.See Thomson's Edition, 1830.
Leslie, Chas.1650–1722. Irish theologian. Leslie wrote A Short and Easy Method with the Deists, a controversial work once noted.
Leslie, Chas. Rob't.1794–1859. Artist. Author Handbook for Young Painters, Memoirs Sir John Constable, Life and Times Sir Joshua Reynolds, etc.See Autobiographical Recollection of, edited by Tom Taylor, 1860.
L'Estrange[lĕs-trānj],Sir Roger.1616–1704. Political writer and translator.
Lever[lē´ver],Chas. James.1806–1872. Irish novelist. Author Harry Lorrequer, Charles O'Malley, etc., rollicking tales not greatly approved by the present taste. His later novels, like That Boy at Norcott's, etc., are soberer in tone.Pub. Har.
Lewes[lū-is],Geo. Henry.1817–1878. Philosopher and critic. Author Problems of Life and Mind, Life of Goethe, Hist. of Philosophy, etc.Pub. Apl. Ho. Hou.
Lewes, Mrs. G. H.See Evans, Marian.
Lewis, Sir Geo. Cornwall.1806–1863. Political and historical writer.See Letters of, 1870.
Lewis, Matthew Gregory.1775–1818. Novelist. Famous as the author of The Monk, a fantastic, demoniac tale.See Life and Correspondence, 1839.
Leyden[li´den],John.1775–1811. Scotch poet and Orientalist.See edition of his poems, 1858.
Liddell[lĭd´del],Mrs. Catharine Christina Fraser-Tytler.1848 ——. Poet and novelist. Author Mistress Judith, Jonathan, Songs in Minor Keys, etc.Pub. Ho. Mac.
Liddell, Mrs. Edward.See Liddell, Mrs. C.
Liddell, Henry George.1811 ——. Classical scholar. Author of a Hist. of Rome, and co-author with Scott of the noted Greek lexicon known as Liddell-and-Scott's.Pub. Har.
Liddon, Henry, Parry.1830 ——. Theologian. Author Bampton Lect. 1867, University Sermons,Sermons to the People, etc. A leader of High Church thought.Pub. Dut.
Lightfoot, Joseph Barber.1828 ——. Bp. Durham. Biblical commentator.Pub. Mac.
Lillo, George.1693–1739. Dramatist. Author George Barnwell, Fatal Curiosity, and Arden of Feversham. A master of dramatic situations.
Lindsay, Sir David.1490–1557. Scotch poet.See Chalmers' edition with Life, 1806.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 1.
Lingard, John.1771–1859. Historian. Author Hist. England, Antiquities of the Anglo-Saxon Ch., etc. His history has a high rank and is valued as a fair statement of facts from a Roman Catholic standpoint.Pub. Est.
Linton, Mrs. Eliza Lynn.1822 ——. Novelist. Wife to W. J. L. Author Lizzie Lorton, Sowing the Wind, etc.Pub. Har. Lip. Rou.
Linton, Wm. James.1812 ——. Poet and Engraver. Author Claribel, Hist. Wood Engraving, Life Thos. Paine, etc.See Stedman's Victorian Poets.Pub. Est. Le.
Livingstone, David.1817–1873. African explorer. Author Expedition to the Zambesi, Last Journals, etc.Pub. Har.
Lloyd, Chas.?—— 1839. Poet. Co-author with Chas. Lamb.
Lloyd, Robert.1733–1764. Poet.See Collected Works with Life, by Kenrick, 1774.
Locke, John.1632–1704. Philosopher. Author of the famous Essay on the Understanding, a work of great penetration and power.See Life by Fox-Bourne, and Locke, by T. Fowler in Eng. Men of Letters.Pub. Apl.
Locker, Frederick.1821 ——. Poet. Author London Lyrics, etc. Style airy and graceful.See Century Mag. Feb. 1883.
Lockhart, John Gibson.1794–1854. Scotch critic and biographer. A writer of much talent and for 27 years editor of the Quarterly Rev.: author Lives of Nelson, Scott, Burns, Napoleon, etc.See H. Martineau's Biographical Sketches.Pub. Har. Ho. Hou.
Lockyer, Joseph Norman.1836 ——. Astronomer. Author Contributions to Solar Physics, etc.Pub. Apl. Mac.
Lodge, Edmund.1756–1839. Historian. Author Illustrations of British Hist., Portraits of Illustrious Persons of Gt. Britain, etc.
Lodge, Thomas.c. 1555–1625. Dramatist and Poet. To his novel Roslynde; Euphues Golden Legacy, Shakespeare owes the plot and incidents of As You Like It.See As You Like It, Rolfe's edition, and Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. I.
Logan, John.1748–1788. Scotch poet. His verse is fresh and simple, and his Song to the Cuckoo has great beauty.See edition 1805, with Life.
Long, George.1800–1879. Classical scholar. Author Roman Law, Decline and Fall of the Roman Republic, etc.
Loudon, Mrs. Jane.1800–1858. Wife to J. C. L. Author of The Mummy, a tale, and several horticultural works.Pub. Rou. Wil.
Loudon, John Claudius.1783–1843. Scotch horticulturist. His Arboretum Britannicum is his chief work.
Lovelace, Sir Richard.1618–1658. Poet. His verse is principally amatory, and some of his songs are perfect of their kind. To Althea and To Lucasta are the most famous.See Carew Hazlitt's edition of 1864, and Ward's English Poets, vol. 2.
Lover, Samuel.1797–1868. Irish dramatist, novelist, and poet. Rory O'More and Handy Andy are his best known novels. His most famous song is Rory O'More.See Life by Bayle Bernard, 1874, and Samuel Lover, by A. J. Symington.Pub. Por. Rou.
Lower, Mark Antony.1813–1876. Author Eng. Surnames, Curiosities of Heraldry, Patronymica Britannica, etc.
Lowndes, Wm. Thos.?—— 1843. Bibliographer. Author British Librarian and The Bibliographer's Manual.
Lowth[louth],Rob't.1710–1787. Bp. London. Son to W. L. A classical and theological writer of great learning.See Life, by Peter Hall, 1834.
Lowth, Wm.1661–1732. Theologian of note.
Lubbock, Sir John.1834 ——. Naturalist. Author Origin of Civilization, Pre-Historic Times, British Wild Flowers, etc.Pub. Apl. Mac.
Lydgate, John.1370–1450. Poet. An exceedingly diffuse rhymer.See minor works of pub. by the Percy Soc. 1842, and Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. I.
Lyell, Sir Chas.1797–1875. Geologist. Author Elements of Geology, Travels in N. America, Antiquity of Man, etc.Pub. Apl. Har. Lip.
Lyly or Lily, John.1553–1598. Dramatic poet. His dramas are forgotten, but his prose romance, Euphues and his England, is remembered for the great influence it had upon the speech of the time. L. was a reformer, though pedantic and fantastic. Euphuism has been ridiculed by Sydney, Jonson, Shakespeare, and Walter Scott.See Collins's Hist. Dramatic Poetry, Lamb's Specimens Early Eng. Poets, and Chas. Kingsley's Westward Ho.
Lyndsay.See Lindsay, David.
Lyte, Henry Francis.1793–1847. Poet. His hymn, Abide with Me, is widely known.Pub. Le. Ran.
Lyttleton, George, Lord.1709–1773. Author Dialogues of the Dead, Hist. Henry II., etc.See Life, by Phillimore, 1845.
Lytton.See Bulwer-Lytton.
Macaulay, Mrs. Catherine.1733–1791. Historian. Author Hist. of England during the Stuart dynasty, etc.
Macaulay, Thos. Babington, Lord.1800–1859. Poet, essayist, and historian. A brilliant but partisan writer. The impetuous rush and vigor of his Lays of Ancient Rome obscure their poetical defects. His essays are numerous and cover a wide range. His Hist. of England is a superb piece of writing but it lacks the calm impartiality that a history should possess.See Lines by Milman, F. Arnold and G. O. Trevelyan; Macaulay, by J. C. Morrison in Eng. Men of Letters; and H. Martineau's Biographical Sketches.Pub. Apl. Arm. Clx. Har. Hou. Lip. Lit. Por. Rou.
MacDonald, George.1824 ——. Scotch novelist and poet. His work is all of an earnest, religious cast, but marred sometimes by mannerisms and vagueness of touch. Robert Falconer, Alec Forbes, and St. George and St. Michael are the best of his numerous novels. Phantastes contains some of his best poetry.See Lit. World, May 19, 1883.Pub. Apl. Do. Har. Lip. Mac. Rob. Rou. Scr.
Mackarness, Mrs. Henry.1826–1881. Author of the tale A Trap to Catch a Sunbeam, etc.Pub. Rou.
Mackay, Chas.1812 ——. Scotch poet and miscellaneous writer. Author Town Lyrics, etc.SeePoems of, edition 1876.Pub. Rou.
Mackay, Wm.1803–1882. Philosopher. Author Progress of the Intellect, Eternal Gospel, etc.
Mackenzie, Sir George.1636–1691. Scotch miscellaneous writer. A voluminous author of much eminence in his day.
Mackenzie, Henry.Scotch novelist and essayist. Author the famous novel, The Man of Feeling, etc.See collected works, 1808.Pub. Har.
Mackintosh, Sir James.1765–1832. Ethical and historical writer.See Memoirs by his son.Pub. Har.
Macklin, Chas.1690–1797. Irish dramatist. Author of the bright comedy, The Man of the World. M. appeared on the stage as an actor till nearly 100.See Memoirs of, 1804.
Macleod[măk-lowd´],Norman.1812–1872. Scotch miscellaneous writer. Author of The Starling, Reminiscences of a Highland Parish, etc.See Life by his brother, and Memoir by Alex. Strahan.Pub. Do. Lip. Rou.
Macneil, Hector.1746–1818. Scotch poet. Author Will and Jean, etc.
Macpherson, James.1738–1796. Scotch poet. Supposed author of a series of poems purporting to be by Ossian, an ancient Gaelic bard. These forgeries were immensely popular in spite of their wild and over-strained diction. M. never revealed the secret of their authorship.See H. Morley's Shorter Eng. Poems.
Macquoid, Mrs. Katherine S.18— ——. Novelist. Author Patty, Beside the River, Too Soon, etc., and several vols. of travel, Through Normandy, Through Brittany, etc.Pub. Apl. Har. Lip. Mac. Ran. Rou.
Madden, Richard Robert.1798 ——. Poet and miscellaneous writer. Author The Infirmities of Genius, etc.
Magee, Wm.1765–1831. Abp. Dublin. Theologian. His best known work is the Discourses on the Atonement.See complete works, 1842.
Magee, Wm. Connor.1821 ——. Bp. Peterborough. Grandson to Wm. M. Religious writer. Author Sermons, Lectures, etc. Style eloquent and forcible.
Maginn, Wm.1793–1842. Irish humorist. Style learned, witty, and brilliant.See Works, edited by R. S. Mackenzie, 5 vols., N. Y. 1857.Pub. Wid.
Mahaffey, John Peytland.1839 ——. Author Hist. Classical Greek Lit., Old Greek Life, Rambles and Studies in Greece, Greek Social Life, Old Greek Education, etc.Pub. Apl. Har. Mac.
Mahoney, Francis, "Father Prout." 1805–1866. Irish poet and journalist. M. wrote the noted poem, The Bells of Shandon.
Maine, Sir Henry James Sumner.1822 ——. Jurist. Author Roman Law, Ancient Law, Village Communities, Early Hist. of Institutions, etc.Pub. Ho.
Maitland, Edward.18— ——. Novelist. Author The Higher Law, The Pilgrim and the Shrine, and By-and-By.Pub. Put.
Maitland, Sir Richard.1496–1586. Scotch poet.
Malcolm, Sir John.1769–1833. Diplomatist. Author Hist. of Persia, Political Hist. India, Life of Lord Clive, etc.See Kaye's Life of, London, 1856.
Mallet, David.1700–1765. Scotch poet. Author Ballads, etc.
Mallock, Wm. Hurrel.1849 ——. Novelist. Author Is Life Worth Living, The New Republic, Positivism on an Island, Romance of the 19th Cent., etc. A writer of much force and originality.
Malmesbury, Wm. of.1095?-1143. Anglo-Norman historian.
Malone, Edmund.1741–1812. Shakespearean scholar. Editor of the edition of 1790.See Life, by Prior, 1860.
Malory, Sir Thomas.1430?-1496. Author or translator of the famous romance, The Morte d'Arthur.Pub. Mac.
Malthus, Thos. Robt.1766–1834. Political economist. Author of a celebrated Essay on the Principle of Population.See Life, by Otter, 1836.
Mandeville, Bernard.1670–1733. Philosopher. Author of the noted Fable of the Bees, or Private Vices Public Benefits, etc.See Craik's Eng. Lit. vol. 2.
Mandeville, Sir John.1300–1372. "The first writer in formed English." He traveled extensively and wrote an entertaining account of his travels.
Manley, Mrs. Mary de la Riviere.1672–1724. Novelist and dramatist. She wrote the noted political satire, The New Atlantis.
Manners, John Lord.1818 ——. Poet. Author England's Trust, English Ballads, etc.
Manning, Anne.1807 ——. Novelist. Author Mary Powell, Household of Sir Thos. More, Passages in the Life of the Faire Gospeller, etc.Pub. Do.
Manning, Henry Edw., Cardinal.1808 ——. Theologian. Author Temporal Power of the Pope, Parochial Sermons, The Vatican Decrees, etc.See Century Mag. May, 1883.Pub. Apl. Sad.
Mannyng, Robert.fl. c. 1340. Rhyming chronicler.
Mansel, Henry Longueville.1820–1871. Philosopher. Author The Limits of Religious Thought,Philosophy of Consciousness, Bampton Lect., 1858, etc.Pub. Apl. Mac.
Mant, Richard.1776–1848. Bp. Killaloe. Religious writer. Author Poems, Hist. Ch. of Ireland, etc.
Mantell, Gideon Algernon.1790–1852. Geological writer of note. Author Thoughts on a Pebble, Medals of Creation, etc.
Map, orMapes, Walter. 1150–1196. Anglo-Norman poet and romancer.
Marlowe, Christopher.1564–1593. Dramatist and poet. The greatest dramatist before Shakespeare. His Tamburlaine was the first blank verse play acted. Faustus, Jew of Malta, and Edward II. are powerful dramas. The influence of Marlowe is traceable in several of Shakespeare's plays.See editions by Cunningham and Dyce.See Schlegel's Dramatic Lit.Pub. Mac. Rou.
Marryatt, Frederick.1792–1849. Marine novelist. Peter Simple, Jacob Faithful, and Midshipman Easy are among the best of his novels. They are lively, inartistic tales, full of broad fun and drollery.See Life, by his daughter Florence, 1872.Pub. Apl. Har. Lip. Rob.
Marryatt, Florence.See Ross-Church, Mrs.
Marsh, Mrs. Anne Caldwell.?—— 1874. Novelist. Author Ravenscliffe, Emilia Wyndham, Lettice Arnold, etc.Pub. Har.
Marsh, Herbert.1757–1839. Bp. Peterborough. A profound writer on politics and divinity. Author of a noted Hist. of the Politics of Gt. Britain and France.
Marston, John.1575–1634. Dramatist and satirist.See Halliwell's edition, 3 vols., London, 1856.
Marston, Philip Bourke.1850 ——. Poet. Son to W. M. Author Song-Tide, All in All, etc., and of numerous sketches and tales. His verse is strongly subjective in tone.See Stedman's Victorian Poets.
Marston, Westland.1820 ——. Dramatist and poet. The Patrician's Daughter is one of his best plays.
Martin, Theodore.1816 ——. Translator and biographer. Author of Life of the Prince Consort, etc., and with W. E. Aytoun of the Bon Gualtier Ballads.See The Biograph, Jan. 1879.Pub. Apl. Por.
Martineau, Harriet.1802–1876. Miscellaneous writer. Her illustrations of political economy are in the form of fiction. Deerbrook and The Hour and the Man are her most noted romances. Style strong, clear, and original.See Autobiography, 1876.Pub. Har. Ho. Mac. Por. Rob. Rou.
Martineau, James.1805 ——. Theologian. Bro. to H. M. A leader of Unitarian thought. Author Studies of Christianity, Hymns of Praise and Prayer, Religious and Modern Materialism, Endeavors after a Christian Life, etc.Pub. Ho. Put. Rob. A. U. A.
Marvell, Andrew.1620–1678. Poet and controversialist. As the former he ranks among the first of the minor poets of his time. His fancy is delicate and quaint.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 2.Pub. Har.
Marzials, Théophile.1850 ——. Poet and musician. Author of The Gallery of Pigeons, etc. Of his songs Twickenham Ferry is one of the best known.See The Biograph, March, 1880.
Mason, Wm.1725–1797. Poet. His verse is wordy and feeble.
Massey, Gerald.1828 ——. Poet. Author Babe Christabel, Craigcrook Castle, etc. His verse has more sweetness than strength.See Stedman's Victorian Poets.
Massinger[măs´sĭn-jĕr],Philip.1584–1640. A writer of much power whose style is clear and flexible. The Virgin Martyr, Fatal Dowry, City Madam, and A New Way to Pay Old Debts, are his finest plays. The latter is often acted.See Works of, edited by Gifford, 4. vols.
Masson, David.1822 ——. Scotch biographer and critic. Author British Novelists, Biographical and Critical Essays, Recent British Philosophy, etc. His chief work is a Life of Milton, a book of great merit and ability.See The Biograph, vol. 3.Pub. Mac. Apl.
Mathers, Helen.See Reeves, Mrs.
Mathias, Thos. James.1776–1835. Supposed author of the poem The Pursuits of Literature.
Maturin[măt-yoo´rĭn],Chas. Robert.1782–1824. Irish novelist. Author Melmoth, an extravagant romance, and the tragedy of Bertram.
Maurice[maw´rĭss],John Frederic Denison.1805–1872. Theologian and ethical writer. A prominent Broad Church clergyman, writing much and well upon theology, philosophy, and other subjects. A Hist. Moral and Metaphysical Philosophy is his chief work. Others are Theological Essays, The Bible and Science, and the Friendship of Books.Pub. Le. Mac.
Maxwell, James Clerk.1831 ——. Scientific writer of note.Pub. Apl. Mac.
Maxwell, Mrs. Mary E.[Braddon]. 1837 ——. Novelist. A writer of sensational tales, among which Aurora Floyd is the most famous. Herlatest novels show a greatly improved style.Pub. Har.
Maxwell, Wm. Hamilton.1794–1850. Irish novelist. His fiction is military in character.Pub. Rou.
Maxwell, Sir Wm. Stirling.1818–1878. Author The Cloister Life of Chas. V., Velasquez and his Works, etc.
May, Sir Thos. Erskine.1815 ——. Historian. Author Constitutional Hist. England, Hist. Democracy in Europe, etc. Style careful and thoughtful.See Lit. World, April, 1878, and The Biograph, March, 1880.Pub. Arm. Wid.
Mayhew, Augustus.1812–1875. Littérateur.
Mayhew, Edward.1813 ——. Veterinary writer. Bro. to A. M. Author Illustrated Horse Doctor, etc.Pub. Apl. Lip. Rou.
Mayhew, Henry.1812–1876. Bro. to two preceding. Author London Labor and London Poor, German Life and Manners and numerous humorous works.Pub. Har. Rou.
Mayhew, Horace.1819–1872. Humorist. Bro. to three preceding. Author Letters Left at the Pastry Cook's, etc.
Mayhew, Thomas.1810 ——. Bro. to four preceding. Editor of the Penny National Library.
Mayne, John.1761–1836. Scotch poet. Author of The Siller Gun, Logan Braes, etc.
Mayo, Mrs. Isabella Fyvie, "Edward Garrett." 1843 ——. Religious novelist. Author By Still Waters, Occupations of a Retired Life, Gold and Dross, etc.Pub. Do.
McCarthy, Denis Florence.1820–1880. Poet and miscellaneous writer. Author Ballads, Poems, and other Lyrics, etc., and translator of the dramas of Calderon.
McCarthy, Justin.1830 ——. Novelist and historian. Author Linley Rochford, Dear Lady Disdain, etc., and of a valuable Hist. of Our Own Times. Style graphic and forcible.Pub. Har.
McCulloch, John Ramsay.1789–1864. Political economist. Author Principles of Political Economy, Dict. of Commerce, Statistical Account of the British Empire, etc.
Melmoth, Wm.1710–1799. Translator of Pliny. Author Lælius, or Friendship, etc.
Melville, Sir James.1535–1606. Scotch writer. Author Historical Memoirs.
Melville, J. G. Whyte.1821–1878. Novelist. Author Kate Coventry, The White Rose, Katerfelto, etc. Style rapid and spirited.Pub. Apl. Por.
Meredith, Owen.See Bulwer-Lytton, E. R.
Merivale, Chas.1808–1874. Historian. Author Hist. Latin Christianity, Fall of the Roman Republic, Hist. of the Romans under the Empire, etc. A writer of much ease and dignity of style, whose historical estimates are careful and valuable.Pub. Apl. Har. Rou.
Merivale, Herman.1806–1874. Historical writer. Bro. to C. M.
Merrick, James.1720–1769. Poet. His poem The Chameleon is well known.
Miall, Edward.1809–1881. Political writer. Author Ethics of Non-Conformity, The Voluntary Principle, etc.
Mickle, Wm. Julius.1734–1788. Scotch poet. His poem, Cumnor Hall, suggested Scott's Kenilworth.See Works of, 1808.
Middleton, Conyers.1683–1750. Theologian. M. wrote a Life of Cicero and a Free Inquiry into the Miraculous Powers of the Church.
Middleton, Thomas.1570–1627. Dramatist. The Witch of Edmonton, a tragi-comedy, is his most noted play.See Dyce's edition, 1840.
Mill, James.1773–1836. Scotch historian and philologist. Author of an impartial Hist. British India, Analysis of the Mind, etc.
Mill, John Stuart.1806–1873. Philosopher. Son to J. M. A profound but cold thinker and writer. Author System of Logic, Political Economy, Liberty, Subjection of Women, etc.See Autobiography, Table's Eng. Lit., and Caroline Fox's Memories of old Friends.Pub. Apl. Har. Ho. Lit.
Miller, Hugh.1802–1856. Geologist. Author Old Red Sandstone, Footprints of the Creator, etc., works which greatly helped to popularize the study of geology.See Life, by Peter Bayne.Pub. Ca.
Miller, Thomas.1808 ——. Poet and novelist. Author Rural Sketches, Country Scenes, Fair Rosamond, Songs for British Riflemen, etc.Pub. Rou.
Milman, Henry Hart. 1791–1868. Poet and historian. M. was author of Fazio, a successful drama, of an excellent Hist. of the Jews, of numerous poems, and editor of an annotated Gibbon.Pub. Arm. Har. Lit. Por. Put. Rou.
Milnes[milnz],Richard Monckton, Lord Houghton.1809 ——. Poet and littérateur. Author Poems of Many Years, Life of Keats, etc.See Stedman's Victorian Poets.Pub. Rob.
Milton, John.1608–1674. Poet. His literary life sharply defines itself into 3 periods; in the first, 1626–1640, he wrote the poems L'Allegro, Il Penseroso, the Pastoral of Comus, and the elegy Lycidas. During the second, 1640–1660, he wrote prose treatises, mainly controversial, such as the Areopagitica, and his sonnets. After 1660 came the great epics,Paradise Lost, and Paradise Regained, and the choral drama Samson Agonistes. A great artist, he created the Eng. epic, infusing it with his own severe strength and dignity. He had no humor or feeling for dramatic situation but he could be both graceful and tender as his early poems show. He was the great Puritan poet. Of the numerous Lives of Milton the best are,Masson's and Mark Pattison's Milton in Eng. Men of Letters. Pickering's, Rossetti's and Masson's are among the best editions of his poems. For complete edition of his prose works see Bohn's Standard Library.See Hines's Study of Paradise Lost.Pub. Mac.
Minto, Wm.1845 ——. Littérateur. Author Characteristics of Eng. Poets, from Chaucer to Shirley, Manual of Eng. Prose Lit., Defoe in Eng. Men of Letters, etc.Pub. Har.
Mitford, John.1781–1859. Poet and critic.
Mitford, Mary Russell.1786–1855. Miscellaneous writer. Author of the tragedies Julian, Rienzi, Foscari, etc., and the charming series of those sketches entitled Our Village.See Fields' Yesterdays with Authors, and The Friendships of Mary Russell Mitford.Pub. Har.
Mitford, Wm.1744–1827. Historian. Author Hist. of Greece, etc.See Life, by Lord Redesdale.
Mivart, St. George.1827 ——. Naturalist. Author The Genesis of Species, Contemporary Evolution, The Cat, etc.Pub. Apl. Mac. Scr.
Moberly, Geo.1803 ——. Bp. Salisbury. Religious writer.Pub. Dut.
Moir[moi´ȇr],David Macbeth.1798–1851. Scotch poet and novelist.
Molesworth, Mrs. Mary Louisa [Stewart], "Ennis Graham." 1841 ——. Scotch novelist. Author of the novels Hathercourt and Miss Bouverie, and of numerous excellent juvenile works of which The Cuckoo Clock, Carrots, and The Tapestry Room are well-known examples.See The Spectator, Jan. 1880, Jan. 1881, and Jan. 1882.Pub. Har. Ho. Mac. Rou.
Monboddo, Lord.See Burnet, James.
Montagu, Chas. Earl of Halifax.1661–1715. Poet. Co-author with Prior of The City Mouse and the Country Mouse, and author of miscellaneous poems.See Johnson's Lives of the Poets.
Montagu, Mrs. Elizabeth.1720–1800. Founder of the Blue Stocking Club and author of a once famous essay on the Genius of Shakespeare.See Doran's A Lady of the Last Century.
Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley.1690–1762. Famous for her brilliant and satirical Letters.See Letters of, edited by Mrs. S.J. Hale, N. Y., 1856.
Montgomery[mȏnt-gŭm-ĕr-ĭ],James.1771–1854. Scotch poet. His verse is not strong, but some of his hymns are general favorites.See Critical Essays, by A. K. H. Boyd.Pub. Hou. Rou.
Montgomery, Robert.1808–1855. Poet. Author Satan, etc. Style stilted, showy, and unnatural.See Macauley's Miscellaneous Essays.
Montrose, Marquis of.See Grahame, James.
Moore, Edward.1712–1757. Dramatist. Author of the tragedy, The Gamester.
Moore, John.1730–1802. Scotch novelist. Author Zeluco, Edward, Mordaunt, etc.See Works, with Memoir, 7 vols., Edinburgh, 1820.
Moore, Thomas.1779–1852. Irish poet. Author of Irish Melodies, which take high rank as lyrics, Lalla Rookh, a vol. of brilliant and showy oriental poetry, and of much other verse, as well as severalprose works. Though by no means a great poet, he has always been a popular one.See R. H. Montgomery's Life of, 1850; also Earl Russell's edition of Moore's Diary.Pub. Apl. Arm. Clx. Har. Hou. Le. Lip. For. Rou. Scr.
More, Hannah.1745–1833. Dramatist and ethical writer. Author of Percy, a drama, and of numerous popular moral tales, of which The Shepherd of Salisbury Plain is the most famous.See complete works, 1853.See Lives by Shaw, Roberts, Thompson, and Smith.Pub. Ca. Har. Lip.
More, Henry.1614–1687. Philosopher. A writer whose mystical theories are expressed in a clear, limpid style.
More, Sir Thomas.1480–1530. Philosopher. His famous prose romance, The Utopia, embodies many of his philosophical views.See Life by Sir James Mackintosh.Pub. Mac.
Morell, Thomas.1703–1784. Philologist. Author of the text of the Oratorios of Joshua and Judas Maccabæus.
Morgan, Lady Sydney Owenson.1783–1859. Irish novelist. Author Wild Irish Girl, Absenteeism, etc. A voluminous author, spirited but wanting in refinement.
Morier, James.1780–1849. Oriental novelist. Hajji Baba is his most noted work.Pub. Rou.
Morley, Henry.1822 ——. Author Hist. Eng. Lit., Tables of Eng. Lit., Journal of a London Playgoer, Life of Palissy the Potter, etc.Pub. Cas.
Morley, John.1838 ——. Essayist and biographer. Author Lives of Voltaire and Rousseau, Limits of the Historic Method, On Compromise, Burke on Eng. Men of Letters, etc.Pub. Apl. Har.
Morris, Wm.1834 ——. The Defence of Guinevere, Life and Death of Jason, and The Earthly Paradise are his chief poems. His verse is mainly classical or mediæval in subject and epic in form.See Stedman's Victorian Poets and Swinburne's Essays and Studies.Pub. Rob.
Mortimer, Mrs. Favell Lee.1802–1878. Religious writer. Author Reading Without Tears, Peep of Day Series, etc.Pub. Ca. Har. Hou.
Morton, Thomas.1764–1838. Dramatist. Author Speed the Plough, Secrets Worth Knowing, etc.See Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 1838.
Moss, Thomas.1740–1808. Poet. Author of the famous poem beginning "Pity the sorrows of a poor Old Man."
Motherwell, Wm.1797–1858. Scotch poet. Jeanie Morrison, The Cavalier's Song, and others of his ballads possess great lyric beauty.See edition 1849.
Mozley, James Bowling.1813–1878. Theologian. Author Lect. on the Miracles, On Subscription to the Articles, Sermons, Essays, Historical, Theological, etc. A clear, masterly thinker.Pub. Dut.
Mozley, Thomas.1806 ——. Bro. to J. B. M. Author Reminiscences of Oriel College and the Oxford Movement.Pub. Hou.
Mudie[moo´dĭ or mū´dĭ]Robert.Scotch naturalist. Author of some 90 vols. mainly on natural history; British Birds is his most important work.Pub. Har.
Muller, Friedric Max.1823 ——. German philologist. Author Chips from a German Workshop, Science of Lang., Hist. Ancient Sanskrit Lit., etc.Pub. Mac. Scr.
Muloch, Dinah Maria.See Craik, Mrs.
Munday, Anthony.1553–1633. Dramatist.See Carew Hazlitt's Early English Literature.
Murchison, Sir Roderick I.1792–1871. Geologist of note.See Memoirs of, by Geikie, 2 vols., London, 1874.
Mure, Wm.1799–1860. Scotch historian. Author Critical Hist., Lang. and Lit. of Ancient Greece, The Calendar of the Zodiac of Ancient Egypt, etc.
Murphy, Arthur.1730–1805. Dramatist. Of his 23 plays The Grecian Daughter and The Way to Keep Him were the most popular.
Murray, Alexander.1775–1813. Scotch philologist. Author Hist. European Languages.
Murray, Hugh.1779–1841. Scotch geographer. Author of the Encyclopedia of Geography, etc.Pub. Har.
Myers, Ernest.18— ——. Poet. Author of The Puritans, The Defence of Rome, and other Poems, etc.Pub. Mac.
Myers, Frederic Wm. Henry.1843 ——. Poet and littérateur. Author of St. Paul, a poem, The Renewal of Youth and other Poems, Wordsworth in Eng. Men of Letters, and Essays Modern and Classical. A thoughtful writer, possessing a graceful and scholarly style.Pub. Har. Mac. Ran.
Nabbes, Thomas.1600–1645. Dramatist.
Nairne, Baroness.See Oliphant, Carolina.
Napier, Admiral Sir Chas.1786–1860. Military historian. Cousin to Sir C. J. N. Author Hist. Baltic Campaign, etc.See Life and Correspondence, 1862.
Napier, Gen. Sir Chas. James.1782–1853. Author Lights and Shadows of Military Life, Hist. Ionian Islands, etc.See Life and Opinions of, 4 vols., London, 1857.
Napier, Capt. Henry Edward.1789–1853. Historian. Bro. to Sir C. J. N. Author of a valuable Hist. of Florence in 7 vols. Style easy and flowing.
Napier, John.1550–1617. Scotch mathematical writer. Inventor of logarithms.
Napier, Macvey.1776–1847. Scotch writer. Editor of the supplement and 7th edition of the Encyc. Brit. and for 17 years editor of the Edinburgh Rev.
Napier, Mark.1798 ——. Biographer. Author Memorials of Montrose, Life and Times of Montrose, etc.
Napier, Gen. Sir Wm. Francis Patrick.1785–1860. Military historian. Bro. to Sir. C. J. N. and H. E. N. His great work is the Hist. of the Peninsular War, a work of great value, possessing a perennial charm.See H. Martineau's Biographical Sketches, and Life by H. A. Bruce, 1863.Pub. Arm. Rou.
Nares, Edward.1762–1841. Elements of General Hist. and the novel, Thinks I to Myself, are among his chief works.
Nares, Robert.1753–1829. Critical and theological writer. Cousin to E. N.
Nash, Thomas.1577–1600. Dramatist. Author Summer's Last Will and Testament, and of many brilliant satirical pamphlets.See edition of Pierre Penniless, with Life of Nash by Collier, 1842.
Neville, Henry.1620–1694. Political philosopher. Author of Plato Redivivus, a dialogue concerning government.
Newcastle, Margaret, Duchess of.1624–1673. An untiring writer of tasteless works in verse and prose.See Poems of, edited by E. Brydges, 1813.
Newcome, Wm.1729–1800. Abp. Armagh. Theologian. Author Harmony of the Gospels, etc.
Newman, Francis Wm.1805 ——. Miscellaneous writer. Author of Phases of Faith, etc. He has written largely on religious topics from a rationalistic standpoint.
Newman, Cardinal John Henry.1801 ——. Theologian. Bro. to F. W. N. Author Tract No. 90, Parochial Sermons, Theory of Religious Belief, The Grammar of Assent, Apologia Pro Vita Sua, Poems, etc. The Apologia is one of the very finest of autobiographies. Style clear, polished, and logical.See Century Mag. June, 1882.Pub. Cath.
Newton, Sir Isaac.1642–1727. Mathematical philosopher. A writer of clear, comprehensive intellect, Author of the Principia and a valuable treatise on Optics, etc.See Brewster's Life of.Pub. Mac.
Newton, John.1722–1807. Devotional writer. Co-author with Cowper of the Olney Hymns.See Works of London, 6 vols. 8vo, 1816.
Nichol, John.1833 ——. Scotch littérateur. Author Sketch Am. Lit., the drama of Hannibal, Tables of European Lit. and Hist., and a brilliant monograph on Byron in Eng. Men of Letters.See Lit. World. Feb. 24, 1883.Pub. Apl. Har.
Nichol, John Pringle.1804–1859. Astronomer. Author The Solar System, The Stellar Heavens, Dict. Physical Sciences, etc.
Nicholas, Thomas.1820–1879. Ethnologist and historian. Author Pedigree of the Eng. People, Hist. of Wales, etc.
Nicholson, Wm.1655–1727. Abp. Cashel. Antiquarian writer.
Nicol, Henry.1845–1881. Philologist. Author Hist. Eng. Sounds.
Nicolas, Sir Nicholas Harris.1799–1848. Genealogist. Author Hist. Orders of Knighthood of the Brit. Empire, etc.
Nicoll, Robert.1814–1837. Scotch poet.
Noel-Fearn, Henry[Christmas]. 1811–1868. Miscellaneous writer. Author Science and History, Preachers and Preaching, etc.
Norris, John.1657–1711. Platonic philosopher. Author Theory of the Ideal World, etc.
North, Christopher.See Wilson, John.
Norton, Mrs. Caroline Elizabeth Sheridan[Lady Maxwell]. 1808–1877. Poet and novelist. Her verse has much grace and intensity of feeling. Bingen on the Rhine is her most quoted poem.Pub. Har. Lip. Mac. Ran.
Norton, Thomas.1532–1584. Dramatist. Co-author with Sackville of the tragedy Ferrex and Porrex, and assistant of Sternhold and Hopkins in their metrical version of the Psalms.
Nugent, Lord.See Grenville, George.
Occam, Wm. of.1270–1347. Philosopher. Defender of the doctrine of Nominalism and the greatest logician of the Middle Ages.
Occleve, Thos.c. 1370–1454. Poet. His verse has little merit.
O'Hare, Kane.1722–1782. Irish dramatist.
O'Keefe, John.1747–1833. Irish dramatist. The best of his numerous plays and operas, some of which are still acted, is Wild Oats.
Oldham, John.1653–1683. Poet. Author of Satires against the Jesuits. Style spirited and forcible.See Ward's Eng. Poets, vol. 2.
Oldmixon, John.1673–1742. Dramatist and historian. His plays and histories are of slight value, and his chief title to remembrance is Pope's satire upon him in The Dunciad.
Oldys, Wm.1696–1761. Biographer and antiquarian. Best known by his famous little poem, The Fly and the Cup of Ale.