Prepositions
, defined, 36; with inf., 98; with adv., 87; with other preps., 87; case use with, 36, 46; expressing time relations, 89; as prefixes, 160; word derivation from, 159; advs. from, 120; causative verbs from, 214, c; intrans. verbs from, 232, d; making intrans. verbs trans., 264, b, c; see also references in Vocabulary.
Prepositional phrase
, acc. instead of, 265, 266.
Present action with past inception
, 131.
Present periphrastic future
, 153, (passive) 200.
Present participle
, 108, (passive) 165.
Present tense
, 14, (progressive) 110, (passive) 168.
Primary adverbs
, defined, 66; derivation of words from, 171.
Probability
, expression of, 270.
Progressive tenses
, present, 110, future, 114; passive, 200.
Prohibition
, expression of, 256, 259.
Pronominal adjective
, possessive adj. as, 45; pronoun as, (
tiu
) 57, 60, (
kiu
) 106, 146, (
ĉiu
) 173, (
iu
) 203, (
neniu
) 220, (
ambaŭ
) 238.
Pronouns
, defined, 32; agreement with, 33; personal, 32; indefinite personal, 54; reflexive, 38, 39, 40, (in composition) p. 132, ftn.; possessive, p. 24, ftn.; possessive form of, see Possessive case; limitation of third personal, 42; position of unemphatic, 274; correlation of predicative or relative, 234; followed by
el
, 173, p. 115, ftn.; series in
-o
, 233; demonstrative, 56, 60, 233; distributive, 173, 233; indefinite, 203, 233; interrogative, 106, 233; negative, 220, 233; relative, 146; 233; summary, 235;
ambaŭ
, 238; intensive, 219.
Proper nouns
, orthography of, 128.
Protestations
, use of
je
in, 260.
Proximity
, expr. by
ĉi
, 60, 66, p. 229, ftn.
Purpose
, expr. by inf., 98; by imperative, 262; by prep., 95.
Q.
Q.
Quantity
, construction with nouns expressing, 99, 100; construction with advs. expressing, 101; advs. of, (
tiom
) 104, (
kiom
) 140, 164, (
ĉiom
) 194, (
iom
) 217, (
neniom
) 231; comparison of advs. expressing, 81.
Questions
, 30; indirect, p. 38, ftn., p. 170, ftn.; of deliberation, perplexity, or for instructions, 257, 259.
Quotations
, indirect, 53, 58.
R.
R.
Reciprocal expressions
, 180.
Reference
, expr. by
al
, 251.
Reflexive pronouns
, of first and second persons, 39; of third person, 40; with substantival inf., 130.
Reflexive possessive adjective
, 44.
Reflexive verbs
, 41; distinguished from verbs in
-iĝ-
, 232, b.
Relative pronoun
, (
kiu
) 146, (
kio
) 233; not omitted, p. 106, ftn.
Relative adjective
, 150; relative adverb, see Adverbs.
Relative clause
, see 146, 233, (temporal) 155, (of manner) 156, (quantitative) 164.
Request
, expression of, 257, 259; for instructions, 257, 259.
Resolve
, expression of, 255.
Result
, clauses of, 105.
Root
, defined, p. 42, ftn.
Route
, expression of, 191.
S.
S.
Salutations
, 115.
Separation
, expr. by
de
, 170; expr. by
al
, 252; by
for
, 71; by
dis-
, 245.
Situation
, expr. by
ĉe
, 125; by adverbial participle, 222.
Source
, expr. by
de
, 170.
Statements
, indirect, 53; tenses in, 58.
Subject
, defined, 15; preceded by verb, 51; inf. as, 130; clause as, 141, 259; of adverbial participle, 222.
Subordinate clause
, defined, 53; imperative in, 259, 262; conditional in, see Conditions, 243, 246.
Subordinating conjunctions
,
ke
, 53, 105, 259 (
tial ke
) 83, p. 222, ftn.; (
por ke
) 262; (not omitted) p. 34, ftn.;
se
, 240;
kvazaŭ
, 250;
ĉu
, p. 38, ftn.
Substantive
, defined, p. 71, ftn.; inf. as, 98, 130; clause as, 53, 259.
Substitution
, expr. by prep., p. 63, ftn.; expr. by prep. with inf., 98; of noun for inf., 218, b, p. 193, ftn.
Suffixes
, causative verbs from, 214, c; intrans. verbs from, 232, d;
-ad-
, 218;
-aĉ-
, 272;
-aĵ-
, 227;
-an-
, 145;
-ar-
, 126;
-ĉj-
, 283;
-ebl-
, 161;
-ec-
, 202;
-eg-
, 122;
-ej-
, 111;
-em-
, 192;
-er-
, 276;
-estr-
, 253;
-et-
, 198;
-id-
207;
-ig-
, 214, 239, 275;
-iĝ-
, 232, 239, 279;
-il-
, 63;
-in-
, 59;
-ind-
, 154;
-ing-
, 237;
-ist-
, 172, p. 154, ftn.;
-nj-
, 283;
-obl-
, 186;
-on-
, 166;
-op-
, 261;
-uj-
, 181;
-ul-
, 132;
-um-
, 268.
Summary of conditions
, 249.
Superlatives
, (adj.) 74, (adv.) 79; followed by
el
, 75.
Syllables
, 7.
Synonyms
, apparent, (
diri: paroli: rakonti
) 77, (
koni: scii
) 117, (
tempo; fojo
) 127, (
loĝi: vivi
) 133, (
antikva: maljuna: malnova
) p. 128, ftn., 67, (
ĉiu: tuta
) p. 130, ftn., (
indiferenta: nezorga
) p. 162, ftn., (
provi: peni: juĝi
) p. 228, ftn., (
ĝuste: juste: ĵus
) p. 198, ftn., (
ankoraŭ: jam
) p. 124, ftn., p. 112, ftn., (
troviĝi: sin trovi: kuŝi: sidi)
p. 217, ftn.
Synopsis of the verb
, 267.
System
, correlative, 235; metric, 284; of money, 285.
T.
T.
Temporal clauses
, 96, 155.
Temporal adverbs
, 66, (
tiam
) 73, (
kiam
) 123, 155, (
ĉiam
) 187, (
iam
) 212, (
neniam
) 226, (
jam
) p. 124, ftn. (
ankoraŭ
) p. 112, ftn., (
ĵus
) p. 116, ftn.
Tenses
, aoristic, p. 78, ftn.; compound, 109; (of impersonal verbs) 179; in indirect quotations, 58; in conditions, 249; of inf., 267; of conditional, 241, 242; of imperative, 254; present, 14, (progressive) 110, (passive) 168, past, 35, (passive) 178; future, 55, (progressive) 114; (passive) 183; imperfect, 113, (passive) 178; perfect, 124, (passive) 190; pluperfect, 135, (passive) 195; future perfect, 148, (passive) 190; periphrastic, 153, (passive) 200; synopsis of all, 267.
Terminations
, see Endings.
Terms of address
, 163; affectionate, 283, p. 221, ftn.
Time
, of day, 185; expr. by prep., 89; expr. by acc., 91; expr. by clause, 96, 155; expr. by adverbial participle, 222; advs. of, see Temporal adverbs.
Titles
, 163; use of
moŝto
, 258.
Transitive verbs
, defined, 22; formed by
-ig-
, 214; from intrans. roots, 264, b, c; list of some, 275.
U.
U.
Unemphatic words
, position of, (negative) 27, (pronoun) 274.
V.
V.
Verbal nouns in-ad-
, 218, b, p. 193, ftn.
Verbal roots
, causative verbs from, 214, b.
Verbs
, mood of, 241; invariable, 18; causative, 214; frequentative, 218, a; inchoative, 232, a; impersonal, 50; reflexive, 41; trans., defined, 22; trans, from intrans. roots, 275; intrans., defined, 22; intrans. from trans. roots, 232, b, 279; from prep., 159; from adv., 171; conjugation of, 34, (synopsis) 267, preceding the subject, 51; as interjection, p. 216, ftn.; implied, (in comparisons) 82, 156, 250; (in salutations) 115, (in exclamations) 115, 228; with prepositional phrase containing
da
, 102.
Vivid conditions
, p. 189, ftn.
Vowels
, pronunciation of, 2.
W.
W.
Way
, expression of, (manner) 76, (route) 191.
Weights and measures
, 284.
Wish
, expression of, 257, 259.
Words
, correlative, 235; formation of, 116; from prepositions, 159; from primary advs., 171; composition of, see Compounds; order of, in question, 30; see also Position.