Chapter 35

Riotour,sb.rioter;rioter, glutton, WW;ryotoures,pl., C3.—AF.riotour, OF.riotheir(Ps. 36. 1).Riotour,adj.luxurious, dissolute, WW.—Cp. Low Lat.riotosus(Ducange).Ripe,adj.fit for reaping, mature, S;rype, C2.Ripen,v.to become ripe, Prompt.;ripede,pt. s., S.—AS.rípian.Ripen,v.to divide by tearing open, to rip, to search diligently, examine, HD, JD, SkD (s.v.rip);rype, Palsg.;riped,pt. s., S2.—Cp. Swed.repa, to scratch.Ripple,sb.an instrument forrippingoff the flax-seeds, JD.Comb.:repylle-stok, an implement for cleaning flax, Voc.Ripplen,v.to ripple flax, JD;rypelen, SkD, Prompt.Rishe,sb.rush, S3; seeRusche.Rist,pr. s.riseth, rises, C3; seeRysen.Rit,pr. s.rides, C3; seeRiden.Riuelic,adv.frequently, S2. SeeRyfe.Riveling,sb.a kind of shoe, SD, HD;rullion, JD;rewlyngis,pl., S3;rowlyngis, JD.—AS.rifelingas, ‘obstrigelli’ (Voc.); cp. AF.rivelinges,rivelins.Rixan,v.to reign, S.—AS.rícsian(ríxian); cp. OHG.rîhhisôn(Tatian), see Sievers, 411. SeeRiche.Rixlien,v.to reign, S. See above.Riȝt,sb.right, justice, S2; seeRyght.Ro,sb.quiet, S2; seeRoo.Robben,v.to plunder, spoil, rob, SkD, PP;robby, S2.—AF.robber; cp. It.robbare, to rob (Florio).Robbeour,sb.robber, PP;robbour, PP.—AF.robeöur, OF.robeör; Low Lat.robatorem; cp. It.robbatore, robber (Florio).Robe,sb.robe, PP;robes,pl., clothes, PP;robis, PP.—AF.robe; cp. It.róbba, gown, robe, goods (Florio).Roberie,sb.robbery, S.—AF.roberie.Roche,sb.rock, S, S3, C2, H;rooch, S2, W2.Comb.:roche-wall, rock-wall, S.—AF.roche.Rod,pt. s.rode, S, S2; seeRiden.Rode,sb.a road, a riding, SkD, WW, Sh.;rade, S2, JD;roade, WW;roode, place where vessels ride at anchor,bitalassum, Prompt.—AS.rád.Rode,sb.red complexion, C2, S2; seeRude.Rody,adj.ruddy, S2, C2, PP;rodi, W.Roggen,v.to shake, PP, HD, S2, Prompt.;rug, JD.—Icel.rugga, to rock a cradle.Rohten,pt. pl.recked, S; seeRechen.Roial,adj.royal, CM; seeReal.Roialtee,sb.royalty, C3; seeRealte.Rokke,sb.a distaff, Prompt., Cath., HD;rok, S3;roche, Manip.;rocks,pl., S3, HD.—Icel.rokkr.Rokken,v.to rock, Prompt.;y-rokked,pp., S2.Romblen,v.to ramble;romblynge,pr. p., PP.Romen,v.to rove about, to ramble, wander, roam, C2, C3, PP, SkD;rame, HD;raymen, PP, S2;rowme, PP;rombe, PP. Cp. OS.rómón, OHG.râmên, to strive after (Otfrid).Romere,sb.roamer, wanderer, PP;rowmer, PP;romares,pl., PP;romberis, PP.Rome-renneres,sb. pl.agents at the court of Rome, PP.Ron,pt. s.ran, S2; seeRennen.Rong,pt. s.rang, C3; seeRyngen.Roo,sb.roe, deer, S2, Prompt.;ro, S2;ra, JD;rays,pl., S3.—AS.ráh(Voc.), alsoráha(Voc.), see Sievers, 117.Roo,sb.rest, quiet, S2, HD;ro,HD,S2.—Icel.róAS.rów: OHG.ruowa(G.ruhe).Rood,pt. s.rode, C2; seeRiden.Roode,sb.the rood, cross, gallows, PP, G, Prompt.;rode, PP, S, S2, S3;rude, B;roid, B;rod, a rod, SkD.Phr.:rule the rod, to bear sway, NQ (6. 3. 169);Comb.:rode-tre, the cross, S2;rude evyn, eve of the Rood (Sept. 13), B.—AS.ród: OS.róda; cp. OHG.ruoda(G.rute).Roof,sb.roof, W, Prompt.;rhof, SkD;roff, PP;roue, S3;rofe, PP;roouys,pl., W2.—AS.hróf.Roomth,sb.room, space, ND. SeeRowm.Roomthie,adj.spacious, Cotg. (s.v.large).Roomthsome,adj.spacious, DG.Rop,sb.a rope, PP;rapes,pl., S.—AS.ráp; cp. Icel.reip.Rope,pt. pl.reaped, W2; seeRepen.Ropere,sb.rope-maker or rope-seller, PP.Roploch,adj.coarse, applied to woollen stuffs, JD;sb.coarse woollen cloth, S3raplach,raplock,reploch, JD.Roren,v.to roar, C, PP;roorin, Prompt.;rarin, H (Ps. 76. i);rar, B;rair, S3, B.—AS.rárian, to lament loudly, to bellow.Ros,pt. s.rose, S, C2; seeRysen.Rose,sb.rose, Prompt.;roose, W2;rois, S3;ross, S3 (11 a. 6);rosen,pl., SkD;roosis, W2.Comb.:rose-reed, red as a rose, C3.—OProv.rose; Lat.rosa; cp. AS.róse.Rosen,v.to praise,reflex.to boast, H;roose, JD;ruse, JD;roysen, H;rees, JD.—Icel.hrósa, to praise,reflex.to boast, fromhróðr, praise, fame.Rospen,v.to scrape, S; seeRaspen.Rost,sb.roast (meat), PP;roste, PP.Phr.:rules the rost, takes the lead, domineers, S3, ND, NQ (6. 3. 170), HD (s.v.rule-stone, SPD (s.v.roast).—AF.rost,roste.Roste,v.to roast, C;y-rosted,pp., S3.—OF.rostir.Rote,sb.root, W2, PP, S2, C2;rot, S2;roote, a term in astrology, S2, C3; foot, C2;rutis,pl., S3;rotes, PP.—Icel.rót; the same word as AS.wrót, snout, ‘bruncus;’ see Voc. (cp.wrótan, to grub up).Rote,sb.a musical instrument, C, HD, ND, SkD;roote, HD.—AF.rote; OHG.hrota; cp. Low Lat.chrotta, OIr.crot(Windisch). Cf.Crowde.Rote,v.to rot, H (Ps. 15. 10).Der.:rotyng, rotting, S2.—AS.rotian.Rote, in phr.by rote; seeRoute.Roten,adj.rotten, C3;rotyn, HD;rotun, W2;rottyn, B.—Cp. Icel.rotinn, perhaps app.form.Roðer,sb.a paddle for rowing, used also as a rudder, S, S2;rothyr, Prompt.;rodyr, Voc., Prompt.;rudyr, oar, Cath.;rither, rudder, DG. SeeRowen.Roðer,sb.an ox, SD, HD;reðer, SD;reoðer, SD;reoðeren,pl., SD;reðeren, SD;roðeren, S3;roðeron, S2;riðeren, SD;ruðeren, SD.Phr.:rule the rother, ND.Comb.:rother-soyl, manure, HD, ND;retherne-tounge, the herb bugloss, HD.—AS.hreoðer:hríðer, OFris.hríðer: OHG.hrind(pl.hrindir); cp. G.rind.Roþun,sb.a driving storm, S2.—Cp. Icel.róði, the wind, tempest.Rouken,v.to lie close, cower down, CM, C, HD, JD.Rouncle,v.to wrinkle, S2; seeRunkylle.Rouncy,sb.a horse, C, CM;rounsy, HD;rownsy, HD.—AF.runcin(Roland); cp. OF.roucin(F.roussin), Sp.rocin, whencerocinante, see Diez, p. 277.Rounde,adj.round, PP.—AF.rounde, OF.reont,roont; Lat.rotundum(acc.).Roundel,sb.a kind of ballad, C.—OF.rondel.Roune,sb.a secret, a mystery, S2;rune, a secret, S;roun, song, S2;runen,pl., secret discourses, S;runes, S;rounes, S2.—AS.rún: OS. and Goth.rúna, a secret, counsel.Rounen,v.to talk secretly, whisper, PP, C2;runien, S;rownen, H, PP, Cath., S3, C2, C3;rounden, PP, ND, Sh., SPD.—AS.rúnian, to whisper.Rouning,sb.secret conference, S;rowning, B;runinge, S;rouninges,pl., S;ronenen, whisperings, S.Roussat,sb.russet, S3; seeRusset.Route,sb.a rout, overthrow, troop, throng, company, S2, PP, S3, C2, C3;rout, S2;rowtes,pl., S2;rute, a route, rut, way, path, SkD.Phr.:by rote, C2, C3, SkD;by roote, C.—AF.route,rute, a band of men, a way, OF.rote; Late Lat.rupta, abrokenmass of flying men, a defeat, a company inbrokenranks, a disorderly array, a waybrokenthrough a country.Route,v.to put to flight, Manip.; to assemble in a company, S2, C3.Rouþe,sb.pity, S; seeRewðe.Rouȝte,pt. s.recked, C2; seeRechen.Roue,sb.roof, S3; seeRoof.Row,adj.rough, C3, SkD;rogh, SkD;roȝe, S2;rouch, S3, JD;ruh, SD.—AS.rúh(gen.rúwes); cp. G.rauh.Rowen,v.to row, S, PP.—AS.rówan.Rowle,v.to roll, S3;rele, S3;rollyn, Prompt.;rueled,pt. s., S2.—AF.rouler,roler; Late Lat.rotulare. Cf.Royle.Rowm,sb.space, Prompt., B;rowme, cell, room, Prompt., S3, SkD;rome, S3.—AS.rúm, space, Goth.rums.Rowme,adj.spacious, roomy, H;roume, S2.Rowste,sb.voice, WA.—Icel.raust.Rowt,sb.a stunning blow, S2, B;rout, B.Rowte,sb.noise, snoring, CM.Rowten,v.to make a great noise, to bellow, to snore, H, S2, S3, Prompt.;routen, B, CM, JD, SD;rowtande,pr. p., roaring, noisy, S2;routte,pt. s., PP;rutte, PP;routit, S2.—AS.hrútan, to snore.Royle,v.to rove about, Manip.;roile, HD, PP;roule, PP. Notes (p. 94), CM.—OF.roiller,roller(Ducange), AF.rouler; Late Lat.rotulare. SeeRowle.Royle,sb.a stumbling horse, S3, PP. Notes (p. 94);oblongula mulier, Manip.Royn,sb.scurf;as adj., rough, scurfy, S3.—OF.roigne(Cotg.); Lat.robiginem, rust, scab.Roynish,adj.scabby, ND, Sh.;roinish, HD.Royster,sb.a bully, swaggerer, saucy fellow, S3;roister, ND.Comb.:roister-doister, S3 (p. 262).—OF.rustre, royster, swaggerer (Cotg.), alsoroiste(Ducange),ruiste(BH),ruste; Lat.rusticum, a countryman.Roȝe,adj.rough, S2; seeRow.Roȝte,pt. s.cared, S; seeRechen.Ruddocke,sb.the robin redbreast, Manip.;ruddok, CM.Rude,sb.redness, S;ruddes,pl., S3.—AS.rudu(Voc.).Rude,adj.rough, undressed (of cloth) (= Lat.rudis=ἀγνάφος) S2;ruyd, B;roid, B.—OF.rude; Lat.rudem.Rudelyche,adv.rudely, C;ruydly, B;roydly, B;rudly, B.Ruffle,v.to bluster, to be noisy and turbulent, S3, Sh., ND;ruffelynge,pr. p., S3.—ODu.roffelen, to pander.Ruffler,sb.a cheating bully, ND, HD.Rug,sb.back, S;rugge, S, S2; seeRygge.Ruggy,adj.rough, C, CM.—Cp. Swed.ruggig, rough, hairy. SeeRow.Ruke,sb.a heap, S;ruck, JD;ruken,pl., S. Cp. OSwed.rúka, ‘acervus’.Rukelen,v.to heap up, SD, S.Rummeis,v.to bellow, S3;rummes, JD;rowmyss, JD;reimis, JD.—See SkD (s.v.rumble). The wordrummeisis no doubt of Romance origin, an inchoative in-scofrom Lat. *rumare, found inad-rumare, to make a lowing noise; cp. OF.roumant, a murmur (Ducange).Rummiss,sb.a loud, rattling, or rumbling noise, JD;reimis, JD;reemish, JD;rummage, an obstreperous din, JD.Runagate,sb.renegade, WW; seeRenegat.Rune,sb.a secret, S;runen,pl.secret discourses, S; seeRoune.Runien,v.to discourse, S; seeRounen.Runge,pt. pl.rang; seeRyngen.Runkylle,sb.a wrinkle, Cath.;runkill, JD.—Cp. Dan.rynke.Runkylle,v.to wrinkle, Cath.;runkle, JD;rouncle, S2;rouncled,pp., Cath.(n);roncled, HD.—Cp. Swed.rynka.Rurd,sb.cry, noise, S2; seeRerd.Rusche,sb.rush, PP;rische, PP;resshe, PP;rishe, S3;rish, Manip.;ryshes,pl., S3.—AS.risce,resce(Voc.).Rusien,v.to shake, SD, C (n);rese, C;resye, C (n);rused,pt. s., PP.—AS.hrysian, Goth.hrisjan.Russet,adj.russet, PP,Prompt.;roussat, S3;russets,sb. pl., clothes of a russet colour, ND.—AF.russet, OF.rousset; cp. Low Lat.roussetum(Ducange).Russetting,sb.coarse cloth of russet colour, HD; a kind of apple, ND.Ruþe,sb.ruth, pity, S; seeRewthe.Rutis,sb. pl.roots, S3; seeRote.Rwly,adv.ruefully, S2; seeRewliche.Rybybe,sb.a kind of fiddle,uetella,vitula, Voc., Prompt.; [ribibe, an old woman, CM, ND];rebeke, Manip.;rebekke,rebeck, SkD;rebecke, ND.—It.ribebba(alsoribecca); Arab.rabâba, a fiddle with one or two strings, Steingass, p. 397.Rybybour,sb.a player on theribibe, PP. See above.Rydder,sb.a sieve,cribrum, Voc.—AS.hrider(Voc.). Cf.Ridil.Rydel,sb.riddle, Prompt.; seeRedels.Ryfe,adj.abundant, numerous, frequent, openly known, S3;ryyf, Prompt.;ryff, PP;ryue, G.—Icel.rífr, munificent.Ryfelen,v.to rob, plunder, Prompt.y-rifled,pp., PP.—OF.rifler(Cotg.).Ryflowre,sb.robber, plunderer, Prompt.Ryflynge,sb.plunder, PP.Ryge,sb.stormy rain, S2;rig, HD.—Icel.hregg, storm and rain.Rygge,sb.back, ridge, HD, PP;ryg, B, PP;rugge, S, PP, S2;rug, S;rugges,pl., HD;rigge, S, HD, G;rig, S2.Comb.:rygge-bon,spondile, Voc.;ryg-bone,spina, Voc., PP;rygboon, HD;riggebon, PP, G.—AS.hrycg; cp. OHG.ruggi(Otfrid).Ryght,adv.exactly, very, PP;riht, right, close, S, S2;rihht, S;rihte, S;rict, S;rigt, S;riȝt, S, S2.Phr.:ryȝt now late, only lately, S2.Ryght,adj.right, Prompt.;ryht, S2;riȝt, S2, W;rihte, S;rigte, S;riȝte, S;rict, S.Comb.:riȝt-ful, straight (= Lat.rectus), S2, W;ryȝtfol, S2;ryȝtuolle, S2;riȝtfulnesse, righteousness, W;riht-half, right side, S;riȝthalf, W2;riȝtnesse, justice, S2;riht-wis, righteous; S;richtwise, S;ryȝtwys, S2;rightwis,v.to justify, H;rihtwisnesse, righteousness, S;ryȝttwisnesse, S2;riȝtwisnesse, W;rightwisenes, S2;ryghtwisnesse, C3.—AS.riht.Ryghte,sb.right, law, equity, Cath.;riȝt, S2;riȝte, S, S2;riȝtes,pl., S2;ryȝtez,gen.asadv., rightly, immediately, S2;riȝttes, S2.Phr.:to þe riȝttes, exactly, S2;at alle rightes, C;mid rihte, rightly, S;mid rihten, S;wiþþ rihhte, S.Ryme,sb.hoar-frost, H, Prompt.Comb.:ryme-frost, hoar-frost, HD.—AS.hrím.Ryme,sb.rime, verse, poetry, Prompt., S, PP;rym, C2, C3;rime, S;rymes,pl., rimes, ballads, PP, C2.Phr.:on his rime, in his turn, S.—OF.rime,rym; OHG.rím, number; cp. AS.rím.Rymen,v.to rime. Prompt., S3, C2, C3.—AF.rimer(rymer).Ryming,sb.the art of riming, C2.Rymthe,sb.room, leisure, Prompt. SeeRowm.Rynen,v.to touch, H.Der.:riner, the quoit that touches the mark, HD.—AS.hrínan, OS.hrínan; cp. OHG.rînan(Otfrid).Rynge,sb.a circle,annulus, Prompt.;rynges,pl., PP;ringes, C3.Comb.:ring-leader,praesultor, Manip.; the person who opens a ball, HD, NQ (5. 1. 146);ryng-sangis, songs adapted for circular dances, S3.—AS.hring, Icel.hringr.Ryngen,v.to ring, Prompt.;ringes,pr. pl., S;rong,pt. s., C3;runge,pl., S (19. 1273);i-runge,pp., S.—AS.ringan, pt. s.rang(pl.rungon), pp.rungen.Ryngis,sb. pl.reigns, S3; seeRegne.Ryngis,pr. pl.reigns, S3; seeRegnen.Rys,sb.twig, branch, branches, S2, G (s.v.woode), CM;ris, S, CM;ryss, S3;ryse, Cath., S3.Comb.:rise-bushes, sticks cut for burning, DG.—AS.hrís; cp. Icel.hrís, G.reis.Rysen,v.to rise, PP, C2;riss, B;risand,pr. p., S2;riseand, S2;ris,imp., S;rist,pr. s., C3;ros,pt. s., S, C2;roos, C2, W;raiss, S2, B;rass, B;risen,pl., W;rysen, W;rise, C2;rysed,pt. s.(weak), S2.—AS.rísan, pt. s.rás(pl.rison), pp.risen.Ryshe,sb.rush, S3; seeRusche.Rysp,sb.coarse grass, S3;risp, JD. Cp. G.rispe, see Weigand.Ryue,sb.shore, S.—OF.rive; Lat.ripa.Ryue,adj.abundant, G; seeRyfe.Ryuel,sb.a wrinkle, SD.Ryuelen,v.to wrinkle, HD, PP;ryueleden,pt. pl., PP;riueld,pp., S3.—Cp. AS.rifelede(Lat.rugosus), Eng. Studien, xi. 66; and Du.ruifelen.Ryueling,sb.a wrinkling, W;ryuelynges,pl., wrinkles, W2.Ryuen,v.to tear, rive, S2, C2, C3;rif, S2;ryfe, H.—Icel.rífa.Ryuer,sb.river, PP;ryuere, Prompt., CM;riuere, S.—AF.rivere; Late Lat.riparia, seashore, bank, river. SeeRyue.

Riotour,sb.rioter;rioter, glutton, WW;ryotoures,pl., C3.—AF.riotour, OF.riotheir(Ps. 36. 1).

Riotour,adj.luxurious, dissolute, WW.—Cp. Low Lat.riotosus(Ducange).

Ripe,adj.fit for reaping, mature, S;rype, C2.

Ripen,v.to become ripe, Prompt.;ripede,pt. s., S.—AS.rípian.

Ripen,v.to divide by tearing open, to rip, to search diligently, examine, HD, JD, SkD (s.v.rip);rype, Palsg.;riped,pt. s., S2.—Cp. Swed.repa, to scratch.

Ripple,sb.an instrument forrippingoff the flax-seeds, JD.Comb.:repylle-stok, an implement for cleaning flax, Voc.

Ripplen,v.to ripple flax, JD;rypelen, SkD, Prompt.

Rishe,sb.rush, S3; seeRusche.

Rist,pr. s.riseth, rises, C3; seeRysen.

Rit,pr. s.rides, C3; seeRiden.

Riuelic,adv.frequently, S2. SeeRyfe.

Riveling,sb.a kind of shoe, SD, HD;rullion, JD;rewlyngis,pl., S3;rowlyngis, JD.—AS.rifelingas, ‘obstrigelli’ (Voc.); cp. AF.rivelinges,rivelins.

Rixan,v.to reign, S.—AS.rícsian(ríxian); cp. OHG.rîhhisôn(Tatian), see Sievers, 411. SeeRiche.

Rixlien,v.to reign, S. See above.

Riȝt,sb.right, justice, S2; seeRyght.

Ro,sb.quiet, S2; seeRoo.

Robben,v.to plunder, spoil, rob, SkD, PP;robby, S2.—AF.robber; cp. It.robbare, to rob (Florio).

Robbeour,sb.robber, PP;robbour, PP.—AF.robeöur, OF.robeör; Low Lat.robatorem; cp. It.robbatore, robber (Florio).

Robe,sb.robe, PP;robes,pl., clothes, PP;robis, PP.—AF.robe; cp. It.róbba, gown, robe, goods (Florio).

Roberie,sb.robbery, S.—AF.roberie.

Roche,sb.rock, S, S3, C2, H;rooch, S2, W2.Comb.:roche-wall, rock-wall, S.—AF.roche.

Rod,pt. s.rode, S, S2; seeRiden.

Rode,sb.a road, a riding, SkD, WW, Sh.;rade, S2, JD;roade, WW;roode, place where vessels ride at anchor,bitalassum, Prompt.—AS.rád.

Rode,sb.red complexion, C2, S2; seeRude.

Rody,adj.ruddy, S2, C2, PP;rodi, W.

Roggen,v.to shake, PP, HD, S2, Prompt.;rug, JD.—Icel.rugga, to rock a cradle.

Rohten,pt. pl.recked, S; seeRechen.

Roial,adj.royal, CM; seeReal.

Roialtee,sb.royalty, C3; seeRealte.

Rokke,sb.a distaff, Prompt., Cath., HD;rok, S3;roche, Manip.;rocks,pl., S3, HD.—Icel.rokkr.

Rokken,v.to rock, Prompt.;y-rokked,pp., S2.

Romblen,v.to ramble;romblynge,pr. p., PP.

Romen,v.to rove about, to ramble, wander, roam, C2, C3, PP, SkD;rame, HD;raymen, PP, S2;rowme, PP;rombe, PP. Cp. OS.rómón, OHG.râmên, to strive after (Otfrid).

Romere,sb.roamer, wanderer, PP;rowmer, PP;romares,pl., PP;romberis, PP.

Rome-renneres,sb. pl.agents at the court of Rome, PP.

Ron,pt. s.ran, S2; seeRennen.

Rong,pt. s.rang, C3; seeRyngen.

Roo,sb.roe, deer, S2, Prompt.;ro, S2;ra, JD;rays,pl., S3.—AS.ráh(Voc.), alsoráha(Voc.), see Sievers, 117.

Roo,sb.rest, quiet, S2, HD;ro,HD,S2.—Icel.róAS.rów: OHG.ruowa(G.ruhe).

Rood,pt. s.rode, C2; seeRiden.

Roode,sb.the rood, cross, gallows, PP, G, Prompt.;rode, PP, S, S2, S3;rude, B;roid, B;rod, a rod, SkD.Phr.:rule the rod, to bear sway, NQ (6. 3. 169);Comb.:rode-tre, the cross, S2;rude evyn, eve of the Rood (Sept. 13), B.—AS.ród: OS.róda; cp. OHG.ruoda(G.rute).

Roof,sb.roof, W, Prompt.;rhof, SkD;roff, PP;roue, S3;rofe, PP;roouys,pl., W2.—AS.hróf.

Roomth,sb.room, space, ND. SeeRowm.

Roomthie,adj.spacious, Cotg. (s.v.large).

Roomthsome,adj.spacious, DG.

Rop,sb.a rope, PP;rapes,pl., S.—AS.ráp; cp. Icel.reip.

Rope,pt. pl.reaped, W2; seeRepen.

Ropere,sb.rope-maker or rope-seller, PP.

Roploch,adj.coarse, applied to woollen stuffs, JD;sb.coarse woollen cloth, S3raplach,raplock,reploch, JD.

Roren,v.to roar, C, PP;roorin, Prompt.;rarin, H (Ps. 76. i);rar, B;rair, S3, B.—AS.rárian, to lament loudly, to bellow.

Ros,pt. s.rose, S, C2; seeRysen.

Rose,sb.rose, Prompt.;roose, W2;rois, S3;ross, S3 (11 a. 6);rosen,pl., SkD;roosis, W2.Comb.:rose-reed, red as a rose, C3.—OProv.rose; Lat.rosa; cp. AS.róse.

Rosen,v.to praise,reflex.to boast, H;roose, JD;ruse, JD;roysen, H;rees, JD.—Icel.hrósa, to praise,reflex.to boast, fromhróðr, praise, fame.

Rospen,v.to scrape, S; seeRaspen.

Rost,sb.roast (meat), PP;roste, PP.Phr.:rules the rost, takes the lead, domineers, S3, ND, NQ (6. 3. 170), HD (s.v.rule-stone, SPD (s.v.roast).—AF.rost,roste.

Roste,v.to roast, C;y-rosted,pp., S3.—OF.rostir.

Rote,sb.root, W2, PP, S2, C2;rot, S2;roote, a term in astrology, S2, C3; foot, C2;rutis,pl., S3;rotes, PP.—Icel.rót; the same word as AS.wrót, snout, ‘bruncus;’ see Voc. (cp.wrótan, to grub up).

Rote,sb.a musical instrument, C, HD, ND, SkD;roote, HD.—AF.rote; OHG.hrota; cp. Low Lat.chrotta, OIr.crot(Windisch). Cf.Crowde.

Rote,v.to rot, H (Ps. 15. 10).Der.:rotyng, rotting, S2.—AS.rotian.

Rote, in phr.by rote; seeRoute.

Roten,adj.rotten, C3;rotyn, HD;rotun, W2;rottyn, B.—Cp. Icel.rotinn, perhaps app.form.

Roðer,sb.a paddle for rowing, used also as a rudder, S, S2;rothyr, Prompt.;rodyr, Voc., Prompt.;rudyr, oar, Cath.;rither, rudder, DG. SeeRowen.

Roðer,sb.an ox, SD, HD;reðer, SD;reoðer, SD;reoðeren,pl., SD;reðeren, SD;roðeren, S3;roðeron, S2;riðeren, SD;ruðeren, SD.Phr.:rule the rother, ND.Comb.:rother-soyl, manure, HD, ND;retherne-tounge, the herb bugloss, HD.—AS.hreoðer:hríðer, OFris.hríðer: OHG.hrind(pl.hrindir); cp. G.rind.

Roþun,sb.a driving storm, S2.—Cp. Icel.róði, the wind, tempest.

Rouken,v.to lie close, cower down, CM, C, HD, JD.

Rouncle,v.to wrinkle, S2; seeRunkylle.

Rouncy,sb.a horse, C, CM;rounsy, HD;rownsy, HD.—AF.runcin(Roland); cp. OF.roucin(F.roussin), Sp.rocin, whencerocinante, see Diez, p. 277.

Rounde,adj.round, PP.—AF.rounde, OF.reont,roont; Lat.rotundum(acc.).

Roundel,sb.a kind of ballad, C.—OF.rondel.

Roune,sb.a secret, a mystery, S2;rune, a secret, S;roun, song, S2;runen,pl., secret discourses, S;runes, S;rounes, S2.—AS.rún: OS. and Goth.rúna, a secret, counsel.

Rounen,v.to talk secretly, whisper, PP, C2;runien, S;rownen, H, PP, Cath., S3, C2, C3;rounden, PP, ND, Sh., SPD.—AS.rúnian, to whisper.

Rouning,sb.secret conference, S;rowning, B;runinge, S;rouninges,pl., S;ronenen, whisperings, S.

Roussat,sb.russet, S3; seeRusset.

Route,sb.a rout, overthrow, troop, throng, company, S2, PP, S3, C2, C3;rout, S2;rowtes,pl., S2;rute, a route, rut, way, path, SkD.Phr.:by rote, C2, C3, SkD;by roote, C.—AF.route,rute, a band of men, a way, OF.rote; Late Lat.rupta, abrokenmass of flying men, a defeat, a company inbrokenranks, a disorderly array, a waybrokenthrough a country.

Route,v.to put to flight, Manip.; to assemble in a company, S2, C3.

Rouþe,sb.pity, S; seeRewðe.

Rouȝte,pt. s.recked, C2; seeRechen.

Roue,sb.roof, S3; seeRoof.

Row,adj.rough, C3, SkD;rogh, SkD;roȝe, S2;rouch, S3, JD;ruh, SD.—AS.rúh(gen.rúwes); cp. G.rauh.

Rowen,v.to row, S, PP.—AS.rówan.

Rowle,v.to roll, S3;rele, S3;rollyn, Prompt.;rueled,pt. s., S2.—AF.rouler,roler; Late Lat.rotulare. Cf.Royle.

Rowm,sb.space, Prompt., B;rowme, cell, room, Prompt., S3, SkD;rome, S3.—AS.rúm, space, Goth.rums.

Rowme,adj.spacious, roomy, H;roume, S2.

Rowste,sb.voice, WA.—Icel.raust.

Rowt,sb.a stunning blow, S2, B;rout, B.

Rowte,sb.noise, snoring, CM.

Rowten,v.to make a great noise, to bellow, to snore, H, S2, S3, Prompt.;routen, B, CM, JD, SD;rowtande,pr. p., roaring, noisy, S2;routte,pt. s., PP;rutte, PP;routit, S2.—AS.hrútan, to snore.

Royle,v.to rove about, Manip.;roile, HD, PP;roule, PP. Notes (p. 94), CM.—OF.roiller,roller(Ducange), AF.rouler; Late Lat.rotulare. SeeRowle.

Royle,sb.a stumbling horse, S3, PP. Notes (p. 94);oblongula mulier, Manip.

Royn,sb.scurf;as adj., rough, scurfy, S3.—OF.roigne(Cotg.); Lat.robiginem, rust, scab.

Roynish,adj.scabby, ND, Sh.;roinish, HD.

Royster,sb.a bully, swaggerer, saucy fellow, S3;roister, ND.Comb.:roister-doister, S3 (p. 262).—OF.rustre, royster, swaggerer (Cotg.), alsoroiste(Ducange),ruiste(BH),ruste; Lat.rusticum, a countryman.

Roȝe,adj.rough, S2; seeRow.

Roȝte,pt. s.cared, S; seeRechen.

Ruddocke,sb.the robin redbreast, Manip.;ruddok, CM.

Rude,sb.redness, S;ruddes,pl., S3.—AS.rudu(Voc.).

Rude,adj.rough, undressed (of cloth) (= Lat.rudis=ἀγνάφος) S2;ruyd, B;roid, B.—OF.rude; Lat.rudem.

Rudelyche,adv.rudely, C;ruydly, B;roydly, B;rudly, B.

Ruffle,v.to bluster, to be noisy and turbulent, S3, Sh., ND;ruffelynge,pr. p., S3.—ODu.roffelen, to pander.

Ruffler,sb.a cheating bully, ND, HD.

Rug,sb.back, S;rugge, S, S2; seeRygge.

Ruggy,adj.rough, C, CM.—Cp. Swed.ruggig, rough, hairy. SeeRow.

Ruke,sb.a heap, S;ruck, JD;ruken,pl., S. Cp. OSwed.rúka, ‘acervus’.

Rukelen,v.to heap up, SD, S.

Rummeis,v.to bellow, S3;rummes, JD;rowmyss, JD;reimis, JD.—See SkD (s.v.rumble). The wordrummeisis no doubt of Romance origin, an inchoative in-scofrom Lat. *rumare, found inad-rumare, to make a lowing noise; cp. OF.roumant, a murmur (Ducange).

Rummiss,sb.a loud, rattling, or rumbling noise, JD;reimis, JD;reemish, JD;rummage, an obstreperous din, JD.

Runagate,sb.renegade, WW; seeRenegat.

Rune,sb.a secret, S;runen,pl.secret discourses, S; seeRoune.

Runien,v.to discourse, S; seeRounen.

Runge,pt. pl.rang; seeRyngen.

Runkylle,sb.a wrinkle, Cath.;runkill, JD.—Cp. Dan.rynke.

Runkylle,v.to wrinkle, Cath.;runkle, JD;rouncle, S2;rouncled,pp., Cath.(n);roncled, HD.—Cp. Swed.rynka.

Rurd,sb.cry, noise, S2; seeRerd.

Rusche,sb.rush, PP;rische, PP;resshe, PP;rishe, S3;rish, Manip.;ryshes,pl., S3.—AS.risce,resce(Voc.).

Rusien,v.to shake, SD, C (n);rese, C;resye, C (n);rused,pt. s., PP.—AS.hrysian, Goth.hrisjan.

Russet,adj.russet, PP,Prompt.;roussat, S3;russets,sb. pl., clothes of a russet colour, ND.—AF.russet, OF.rousset; cp. Low Lat.roussetum(Ducange).

Russetting,sb.coarse cloth of russet colour, HD; a kind of apple, ND.

Ruþe,sb.ruth, pity, S; seeRewthe.

Rutis,sb. pl.roots, S3; seeRote.

Rwly,adv.ruefully, S2; seeRewliche.

Rybybe,sb.a kind of fiddle,uetella,vitula, Voc., Prompt.; [ribibe, an old woman, CM, ND];rebeke, Manip.;rebekke,rebeck, SkD;rebecke, ND.—It.ribebba(alsoribecca); Arab.rabâba, a fiddle with one or two strings, Steingass, p. 397.

Rybybour,sb.a player on theribibe, PP. See above.

Rydder,sb.a sieve,cribrum, Voc.—AS.hrider(Voc.). Cf.Ridil.

Rydel,sb.riddle, Prompt.; seeRedels.

Ryfe,adj.abundant, numerous, frequent, openly known, S3;ryyf, Prompt.;ryff, PP;ryue, G.—Icel.rífr, munificent.

Ryfelen,v.to rob, plunder, Prompt.y-rifled,pp., PP.—OF.rifler(Cotg.).

Ryflowre,sb.robber, plunderer, Prompt.

Ryflynge,sb.plunder, PP.

Ryge,sb.stormy rain, S2;rig, HD.—Icel.hregg, storm and rain.

Rygge,sb.back, ridge, HD, PP;ryg, B, PP;rugge, S, PP, S2;rug, S;rugges,pl., HD;rigge, S, HD, G;rig, S2.Comb.:rygge-bon,spondile, Voc.;ryg-bone,spina, Voc., PP;rygboon, HD;riggebon, PP, G.—AS.hrycg; cp. OHG.ruggi(Otfrid).

Ryght,adv.exactly, very, PP;riht, right, close, S, S2;rihht, S;rihte, S;rict, S;rigt, S;riȝt, S, S2.Phr.:ryȝt now late, only lately, S2.

Ryght,adj.right, Prompt.;ryht, S2;riȝt, S2, W;rihte, S;rigte, S;riȝte, S;rict, S.Comb.:riȝt-ful, straight (= Lat.rectus), S2, W;ryȝtfol, S2;ryȝtuolle, S2;riȝtfulnesse, righteousness, W;riht-half, right side, S;riȝthalf, W2;riȝtnesse, justice, S2;riht-wis, righteous; S;richtwise, S;ryȝtwys, S2;rightwis,v.to justify, H;rihtwisnesse, righteousness, S;ryȝttwisnesse, S2;riȝtwisnesse, W;rightwisenes, S2;ryghtwisnesse, C3.—AS.riht.

Ryghte,sb.right, law, equity, Cath.;riȝt, S2;riȝte, S, S2;riȝtes,pl., S2;ryȝtez,gen.asadv., rightly, immediately, S2;riȝttes, S2.Phr.:to þe riȝttes, exactly, S2;at alle rightes, C;mid rihte, rightly, S;mid rihten, S;wiþþ rihhte, S.

Ryme,sb.hoar-frost, H, Prompt.Comb.:ryme-frost, hoar-frost, HD.—AS.hrím.

Ryme,sb.rime, verse, poetry, Prompt., S, PP;rym, C2, C3;rime, S;rymes,pl., rimes, ballads, PP, C2.Phr.:on his rime, in his turn, S.—OF.rime,rym; OHG.rím, number; cp. AS.rím.

Rymen,v.to rime. Prompt., S3, C2, C3.—AF.rimer(rymer).

Ryming,sb.the art of riming, C2.

Rymthe,sb.room, leisure, Prompt. SeeRowm.

Rynen,v.to touch, H.Der.:riner, the quoit that touches the mark, HD.—AS.hrínan, OS.hrínan; cp. OHG.rînan(Otfrid).

Rynge,sb.a circle,annulus, Prompt.;rynges,pl., PP;ringes, C3.Comb.:ring-leader,praesultor, Manip.; the person who opens a ball, HD, NQ (5. 1. 146);ryng-sangis, songs adapted for circular dances, S3.—AS.hring, Icel.hringr.

Ryngen,v.to ring, Prompt.;ringes,pr. pl., S;rong,pt. s., C3;runge,pl., S (19. 1273);i-runge,pp., S.—AS.ringan, pt. s.rang(pl.rungon), pp.rungen.

Ryngis,sb. pl.reigns, S3; seeRegne.

Ryngis,pr. pl.reigns, S3; seeRegnen.

Rys,sb.twig, branch, branches, S2, G (s.v.woode), CM;ris, S, CM;ryss, S3;ryse, Cath., S3.Comb.:rise-bushes, sticks cut for burning, DG.—AS.hrís; cp. Icel.hrís, G.reis.

Rysen,v.to rise, PP, C2;riss, B;risand,pr. p., S2;riseand, S2;ris,imp., S;rist,pr. s., C3;ros,pt. s., S, C2;roos, C2, W;raiss, S2, B;rass, B;risen,pl., W;rysen, W;rise, C2;rysed,pt. s.(weak), S2.—AS.rísan, pt. s.rás(pl.rison), pp.risen.

Ryshe,sb.rush, S3; seeRusche.

Rysp,sb.coarse grass, S3;risp, JD. Cp. G.rispe, see Weigand.

Ryue,sb.shore, S.—OF.rive; Lat.ripa.

Ryue,adj.abundant, G; seeRyfe.

Ryuel,sb.a wrinkle, SD.

Ryuelen,v.to wrinkle, HD, PP;ryueleden,pt. pl., PP;riueld,pp., S3.—Cp. AS.rifelede(Lat.rugosus), Eng. Studien, xi. 66; and Du.ruifelen.

Ryueling,sb.a wrinkling, W;ryuelynges,pl., wrinkles, W2.

Ryuen,v.to tear, rive, S2, C2, C3;rif, S2;ryfe, H.—Icel.rífa.

Ryuer,sb.river, PP;ryuere, Prompt., CM;riuere, S.—AF.rivere; Late Lat.riparia, seashore, bank, river. SeeRyue.


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