Chapter 29

From hand to hand the ripened fruit went round,And rural sports a pleased acceptance found;The youthful fiddler, on his three-legged stool,Fancied himself, at least, an Ole Bull;Some easy bumpkin, seated on the floor,Hunted the slipper till his ribs were sore;Some chose the graceful waltz, or lively reel,While deeper heads the chess-battalions wheel.. . . . . .Old grey-beards felt the glow of youth revive,Old matrons smiled upon the human hive;Where life’s rare nectar, fit for gods to sip,In forfeit-kisses, passed from lip to lip.

From hand to hand the ripened fruit went round,

And rural sports a pleased acceptance found;

The youthful fiddler, on his three-legged stool,

Fancied himself, at least, an Ole Bull;

Some easy bumpkin, seated on the floor,

Hunted the slipper till his ribs were sore;

Some chose the graceful waltz, or lively reel,

While deeper heads the chess-battalions wheel.

. . . . . .

Old grey-beards felt the glow of youth revive,Old matrons smiled upon the human hive;Where life’s rare nectar, fit for gods to sip,In forfeit-kisses, passed from lip to lip.

Old grey-beards felt the glow of youth revive,

Old matrons smiled upon the human hive;

Where life’s rare nectar, fit for gods to sip,

In forfeit-kisses, passed from lip to lip.

We were once witnesses of a scene of this description, where an aged, white-haired son of “Auld Scotia” was called upon to make an osculatory impress upon the damask cheek of a maiden of sixteen summers, and when the performance was over, the octogenarian turned to the assembled multitude and said: “Aye, but isn’t that refreshing.” We do not agree with the writer of “Life and Times of Sir John A. Macdonald,” when he says, with ill-advised harshness, that Mr. Sangster’s verse “is not worth a brass farthing.” In 1856, when Mr. Sangster published his first volume, Canadian literature was in its infancy; and we have not yet advanced so far that we can afford to scoff at his unassuming efforts to aid in a good cause. We think (Mr. Collins to the contrary) that there is much of Mr. Sangster’s work that is worth a great deal, as all writing must be that tends to elevate the soul of man; and Mr. Sangster’s work, however faulty it may be as poetry, is decidedly elevating. There has in the past been much poetry written that is gross and sensual; let us turn our backs on that, and foster the pure and true, until our country has a poetic literature without spot or blemish. Mr. Sangster has written much good verse in aid of this achievement. His “Falls of the Chaudière” is very good, and we must do his ungenerous critic the justice to suppose that he never saw “The Light in the Window Pane,” or he could not have made such an uncalled-for assertion. We give the following: —

A joy from my soul’s departed,A bliss from my heart is flown,As weary, weary-hearted,I wander alone, alone;The night wind sadly sighethA withering, wild refrain;And my heart within me dieth,For the light in the window-pane.The stars overhead are shining,As brightly as e’er they shone,As heartless, sad, repining,I wander alone, alone,A sudden flash comes streaming,And flickers adown the lane;But no more for me is gleamingThe light in the window-pane.The voices that pass me are cheerful,Men laugh as the night winds moan;They cannot tell how fearful’Tis to wander alone, alone;For them with each night’s returning,Life singeth its tenderest strain;Where the beacon of love is burningThe light in the window-pane.Oh, sorrow, beyond all sorrows,To which human life is prone;Without thee, through all the to-morrowsTo wander alone, alone!Oh, dark deserted dwelling,Where hope like a lamb was slain,No voice from thy lone wails welling,No light in thy window-pane!

A joy from my soul’s departed,

A bliss from my heart is flown,

As weary, weary-hearted,

I wander alone, alone;

The night wind sadly sigheth

A withering, wild refrain;

And my heart within me dieth,

For the light in the window-pane.

The stars overhead are shining,As brightly as e’er they shone,As heartless, sad, repining,I wander alone, alone,A sudden flash comes streaming,And flickers adown the lane;But no more for me is gleamingThe light in the window-pane.

The stars overhead are shining,

As brightly as e’er they shone,

As heartless, sad, repining,

I wander alone, alone,

A sudden flash comes streaming,

And flickers adown the lane;

But no more for me is gleaming

The light in the window-pane.

The voices that pass me are cheerful,Men laugh as the night winds moan;They cannot tell how fearful’Tis to wander alone, alone;For them with each night’s returning,Life singeth its tenderest strain;Where the beacon of love is burningThe light in the window-pane.

The voices that pass me are cheerful,

Men laugh as the night winds moan;

They cannot tell how fearful

’Tis to wander alone, alone;

For them with each night’s returning,

Life singeth its tenderest strain;

Where the beacon of love is burning

The light in the window-pane.

Oh, sorrow, beyond all sorrows,To which human life is prone;Without thee, through all the to-morrowsTo wander alone, alone!Oh, dark deserted dwelling,Where hope like a lamb was slain,No voice from thy lone wails welling,No light in thy window-pane!

Oh, sorrow, beyond all sorrows,

To which human life is prone;

Without thee, through all the to-morrows

To wander alone, alone!

Oh, dark deserted dwelling,

Where hope like a lamb was slain,

No voice from thy lone wails welling,

No light in thy window-pane!

Pathos is the very soul of poetry, and here we have it in abundance. Who that has watched, night after night, when home returning, for the “Light in the Window-pane?”, who will not feel its power when he realizes, without any strain of imagination that the hand that placed it there is cold and dead? All is dark in the window-pane, and the darkness of desolation reigns in the heart of him who returns nightly to that doubly-desolate home. We cannot realize this and not feel that Mr. Sangster’s verse is well worthy of the place in Canadian literature that it has already won.

de La Bruère, Hon. Pierre Boucher, St. Hyacinthe, Speaker of the Legislative Council of the Province of Quebec, was born in St. Hyacinthe, on the 5th of July, 1837. His father, Pierre Boucher de La Bruère, a physician, was a descendant of Pierre Boucher, at one time governor of Three Rivers under the French domination; and his mother was a descendant of an old French family of noble extraction, H. Boucher de La Broquerie. The ancestors of Hon. Mr. de La Bruère distinguished themselves during the war of 1812-13 between England and the United States, and the latter has still in his possession two flags presented to the battalion his grandfather, René B. de La Bruère, commanded, by Princess Charlotte of England, and the medal of Châteauguay, presented also to his grandfather by Queen Victoria. Mr. de La Bruère received his education at the College of St. Hyacinthe. In 1870 he was appointed prothonotary of the Superior Court for the district of St. Hyacinthe, and held the position until 1875, when he resigned to take the editorial chair of theCourier de St. Hyacinthe. He was one of the chief promoters of the Dairymen’s Association of the province of Quebec, and has been its president since its formation. The efforts he made to advance the interests of this industry in his province have been crowned with success, as it was amply proved when the association met in annual meeting at St. Hyacinthe, when the delegates received a right royal reception at the hands of their president. He was also one of the chief factors in the establishment of beet root sugar factories in Canada. In 1877 he was called to the Legislative Council of the province of Quebec; in March, 1882, Hon. Mr. Chapleau made him a member of his cabinet, and he was appointed Speaker, to which position he was re-appointed in January, 1887. Hon. Mr. de La Bruère is a lifelong Conservative, and has never flinched from his allegiance to the party. In his younger days he belonged to the active militia of Canada, and was lieutenant in the volunteer corps of St. Hyacinthe. He has written several historical and political pamphlets, among which may be mentioned “Le Canada sous le Domination Anglaise,” “Le Saguenay,” “De l’Education,” “L’Existence de l’homme,” “Le droit de tester,” and “L’Histoire de Saint Hyacinthe.” In January, 1861, he married Marie Victorine Leclère, daughter of the late Pierre Edouard Leclère, notary public.

Fulford, Francis, D.D., Lord Bishop of Montreal and Metropolitan of Canada, was born at Sidmouth on the 3rd of June, 1803. He was the second son of Baldwin Fulford, of Great Fulford, and came of an old English family who trace back their ancestry for more than six hundred years. He received the rudiments of his education at Tiverton, and entered Exeter College, Oxford, in 1821, and in 1824 took his degree of B.A., and was elected a fellow of his college in the following year. In 1826, at Norwich cathedral, he was ordained deacon, and priest at Exeter cathedral on the 22nd of June, 1828. In 1830 he married Mary, daughter of Andrew Berkeley Drummond, of Cadland, Hants, and the lady Mary, daughter of John, second earl of Egmont, and sister of the Right Honorable Spencer Percival, first lord of the treasury, and prime minister of England, who was murdered by Bellingham in the lobby of the House of Commons. After filling successive curacies in two parishes, Francis Fulford became rector of Trowbridge, in Wiltshire, and there resided from 1832 to 1842, and at the request of the government acted, for several years, as a magistrate. In 1838 he received his degree of M.A., and was appointed chaplain to her Royal Highness the late Duchess of Gloucester. In 1842 he resigned the position of rector of Trowbridge, and accepted that of Croydon, in Cambridgeshire, where he remained until 1845, when he removed to Mayfair as minister of Curzon chapel. This appointment he held until selected by Her Majesty as the first bishop of the new diocese of Montreal. The honorary degree of D.D. was conferred on him by the University of Oxford, and he was consecrated at Westminster Abbey on the 25th of July, 1850. On the 12th of September of the same year he, with his wife, and their son and daughter, arrived in Canada. At St. John’s he was met by the bishop of Quebec, and a number of the clergy and laity of Montreal. After divine service had been held in the parish church at St. Johns, an address of congratulation was presented by the clergy and churchwardens of the Richelieu district, and the whole party were hospitably entertained by a prominent layman of the place. On his arrival at Montreal he was warmly received by the clergy and laity, who presented several addresses of welcome expressive of an earnest desire to co-operate with him in his labors for the spread of the Gospel. On the following Sunday, the 15th September, 1850, the ceremony of the bishop’s enthronement took place at Christ church, which thenceforward became the Anglican cathedral of the diocese. On this occasion the bishop preached a sermon from the text: “Lord, I will follow Thee whithersoever Thou goest.” It was remarkable for felicity of language and reverence of style; but especially, says a writer, “for the preacher’s modest and clear appreciation of the difficult duties of his office.” On the 11th of October, 1850, the Church Society of the diocese of Montreal was organized, and on the 10th of October, 1851, an auxiliary branch of the “Colonial Church and School Society,” of London, was formed for the district of Montreal, with his lordship as president. In 1860 he was promoted to the office of Metropolitan of Canada, which office he filled, with honor to himself and the cause of Christ, until his death. Bishop Fulford was one of the most self-denying, large-hearted, broad-minded Christians the record of whose life it has been our privilege to read. True to the Church of England, he was, nevertheless, anxious to promote good feeling amongst all denominations. On his first landing in Montreal, in answer to an address, he made the following remarks:—“While we are bound to seek, to provide for the wants of our own people, and I must ever remember my duty to the church of which I have been appointed a chief pastor and overseer, yet still I hope to cultivate a spirit of charity to all around me.” With this end in view he accepted the suggestion that denominational distinctions should not be perpetuated in the grave, and consecrated the cemetery of Montreal that was free to all who wished for a resting-place therein. There came a time when Christ Church, the cathedral church of his diocese, was so completely demolished by fire that it became necessary to build a new one, and of this building Bishop Fulford laid the corner stone on the 21st of May, 1857, and on Advent Sunday, 1859, he preached the opening sermon. The new cathedral, which those engaged in its construction had wished “should be beautiful exceedingly,” was, through the death of the architect and other unforeseen circumstances, burthened with an oppressive debt, which weighed heavily on the mind of the bishop, who, in his straightforward old world style, knew of but one way of liquidating—a way which bishops, clergy and laymen, under similar circumstances, might adopt to their credit. He moved to a small dwelling, and laid aside, not only every indulgence, but almost every convenience. “His new mansion was modest enough, for it was built for the official residence of the parish school master, and the school rooms became his salons for the reception of guests,” the whitewashed walls being decorated with maps, instead of pictures and statuary. Here the heir presumptive of Great Fulford, and Metropolitan of Canada, with his delicate, high-bred wife, lived for years, and practised economy so patiently and self-sacrificingly in order to attain the darling wish of his heart, namely, to see the cathedral free from debt, that his heroic example stands forth as a shining light to “lighten the darkness,” not only of those who give grudgingly but of those who fancy that social status depends upon the size of the domicile, the costliness of its decorations, and the silks, satins, and velvets with which they adorn their bodies, regardless of the fact that nobility is to be found in the heart and soul of the individual, not in the outside covering. It is believed he lived to know the pleasure of having the debt liquidated, and it was from this humble home, prepared for the parish schoolmaster, that the great and good Bishop Fulford, Metropolitan of Canada, passed to his eternal rest on the 9th of September, 1868. His remains were interred in Mount Royal cemetery, Montreal. Near to him lies a member of the Church of Scotland, and one of the most eminent and highly esteemed citizens of Montreal, the Honorable Peter McGill, “who loved the English prelate as one friend loves another,” and was happy to know that in death he would rest beside him.

Sturdee, Henry Lawrance, M.A., Barrister-at-law, Solicitor, etc., Mayor of Portland, New Brunswick, was born in St. John, N.B., on the 11th April, 1842. His father, Henry Parker Sturdee, was born in Topsham, Devonshire, England, and his mother, Emily Lawrance, in London, England. Mr. Sturdee was educated at private schools in St. John, and at the Collegiate School, and at King’s College, Fredericton, N.B. He matriculated there in September, 1858, and in the following year was awarded the Douglas gold medal. He received the degree of B.A. in June, 1861, and M.A. in June, 1883, in course. He studied law in his native city with Messrs. Gray and Kaye, barristers; was admitted an attorney-at-law in June, 1864, and called to the bar in June, 1865. He has since practised law in St. John. He is one of the referees of the Supreme Court of New Brunswick, equity side. He takes an interest in military matters, and is major of the 3rd St. John reserve militia. Mr. Sturdee resided in St. John until November, 1877, when he removed to the adjoining city of Portland. In April, 1883, he was elected an alderman for ward four of Portland, and was re-elected alderman the two following years. On taking his seat at the council board in that year he was appointed by the Portland city council to represent ward four of that city in the municipal council of the city and county of St. John. In April, 1884, he was elected warden of the municipality of the city and county of St. John; and in April, 1885, was re-elected warden without opposition. This office he held until April, 1886, when, having been elected mayor of Portland, he declined re-nomination as warden. On the 11th April, 1887, he was again chosen mayor of Portland, without opposition, and this responsible position he still holds. He has been vestry clerk and treasurer of Trinity Church, St. John (Church of England), since May, 1871; and secretary-treasurer of the Madras School Board since September, 1877. He is a vice-president of the St. George’s Society; and a member of Portland Union Lodge A. F. and A. M., and of New Brunswick Royal Arch Chapter, St. John. He was married at Christ Church Cathedral, Fredericton, on the 26th September, 1866, to Jane Agnes, daughter of the late William R. Fraser, Esq., M.D. (Edinburgh), of Fredericton, and has a family of three sons and two daughters.

Hensley, Hon. Joseph, Charlottetown, Assistant Judge of the Supreme Court of Judicature, and Vice-Chancellor in the Court of Chancery, Prince Edward Island, was born on the 12th June, 1824, at Tottenham, Middlesex, England. He is the second son of the late Hon. Charles Hensley, who at the time of his death, in 1875, was a commander in the Royal navy, which service he entered in 1805, and was actively engaged in it for ten years—1805 to 1815—during the last war with France. Subsequently he lived in Prince Edward Island, and was a member of the Legislative and Executive Council there, and treasurer of the province. The Hon. Joseph Hensley was educated in England by private tuition, and afterwards at the Hackney Grammar School, Middlesex. In the year 1841 he came out with his father and family from England to Prince Edward Island, where he has since resided, and has now been a resident for upwards of forty-six years. In 1842, he commenced his studies for the bar in the office of the Hon. Robert Hodgson, then attorney-general of the island. He was called to the bar in January, 1847, and practised in Charlottetown from that time until his elevation to the bench, on the 18th June, 1869. Has since sat uninterruptedly as judge of the Supreme Court and vice-chancellor in Chancery. Judge Hensley has filled the following public offices under the government of Prince Edward Island:—In 1851 he was law-clerk to the House of Assembly, and also solicitor-general; in 1853 and 1854, attorney-general; from July, 1854, to July, 1858, attorney-general; from March, 1867, to June, 1869, attorney-general; in 1857, Queen’s counsel by her Majesty’s warrant; during the years 1853-8 inclusive, member of the Legislative Council; from 1861 to June, 1869, member of the House of Assembly; in 1868-9, president of the Executive Council, and leader of the government; from 1853 to 1876, member of the Board of Education; and from 1869 to 1876, chairman of the Board of Education. He was married on the 8th September, 1853, to Frances Ann Dover Hodgson, only daughter of the late Hon. Sir Robert Hodgson, knight, formerly attorney-general, afterwards chief-justice, and, lastly, lieutenant-governor of Prince Edward Island, who died in 1880. He has had four children, three of whom still survive, namely: Fanny Louisa Catherine, married to George Macleod, manager, in Charlottetown, of the Bank of Nova Scotia; Mary Eva; and Katherine Emily, married to Lieutenant Waldemar D’Arcy Rose, United States navy. Hon. Joseph Hensley’s residence is in Charlottetown. He is a member of the Church of England, and has always taken an active part in connection with the work of various religious societies and associations, particularly that of the Charlottetown Young Men’s Christian Association, since its formation, in 1856, filling at various times the position of its president, etc.

Barbeau, Henri Jacques, Montreal, is descended from an old and distinguished French-Canadian family, allied to the de Noyons and the de Rainvilles. The first of M. Barbeau’s ancestors to come to Canada was the Sieur Jean Barbeau-Boisdoré, who was born at St. Vivien-du-Pont, parish of Xaintes, France, in 1666. Having taken to a military career, the Sieur Jean joined the troops of the marine, and at the age of twenty his name appears on the roll of the Sieur de St. Cirque’s company, then stationed in Canada. This progenitor of the Canadian branch of the Barbeau family married, at Boucherville, Mdlle. Marie de Noyon, and left many descendants, who to-day occupy prominent and influential positions in the Quebec province. Mr. H. J. Barbeau was born at Laprairie in 1832, of the marriage of Edmund Henry Barbeau, merchant, and Sophie Bourassa, a daughter of captain Bourassa. His father having died at an early age, young Barbeau’s education was undertaken by his grandfather, the late Lieutenant-Colonel Louis Barbeau-Boisdoré, notary, of Laprairie, who died in 1864, at the ripe age of eighty. Colonel Barbeau-Boisdoré married Mary Powell, niece of Edmund Henry, who for many years had control of Colonel Christie’s vast seigneuries in the neighborhood of Lake Champlain, and afterwards became government agent for the seigneurie of Laprairie, and notary for the district. This gentleman inherited the military instincts of his ancestors, and when the war of 1812 broke out, he was among the first to offer his services to the Canadian government in resisting the invasion of the country. He served as a lieutenant in the campaigns of 1812-13, and from 1830 to 1840 held higher commands, dying in 1864 with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. Mr. H. J. Barbeau, the subject of the present sketch, has almost exclusively devoted himself to commercial pursuits. He received a good commercial education, under Mr. H. O’Regan, whom the Jesuit Fathers had made parish teacher at Laprairie, then under their ecclesiastical supervision. Young Barbeau commenced his commercial life at Laprairie, where he held a clerkship, and gave promise of attaining success in business. In 1852 he came to Montreal, and held responsible positions in several of the wholesale houses of the city until 1858, when, having acquired the necessary experience, he went into business for a while on his own account at St. Hyacinthe. Later on he held positions as insurance agent, appraiser for the Trust and Loan Company, and official assignee. In 1870 he was appointed to the management of a branch of the Merchant’s Bank, which was then opened for the first time at St. Hyacinthe. Five years later, the Savings Bank having established a series of branch offices in Montreal, Mr. Barbeau was offered the management of one of them, a position which he accepted and held till 1879, when he was called to succeed his brother, Mr. E. J. Barbeau, as general manager of the Montreal City and District Savings Bank. Mr. E. J. Barbeau, it may be said, was for thirty years the able manager of the Savings Bank, and now retired, to be succeeded by the subject of this sketch. In this new position of responsibility as a banker, Mr. Barbeau has evinced the same judgment, prudence and foresight which has always characterised his own business transactions, marked the character of his earlier career, and won for him success in all his enterprises, with the good opinion of those with whom he came in contact. In 1859 Mr. Barbeau married Josephine Varin, daughter of J. B. Varin, notary, and late member for Laprairie. Eleven children were born of this union, of whom seven survive. It may here be added, that Mr. Varin, whose high character and profound legal attainments are well known, married Hermine, daughter of the late Jean Moïse Raymond, who in his day was a prominent merchant, and member for l’Assomption, and a grand-daughter of M. Jean Raymond, for many years member for Laprairie.

Pope, Percy William Thomas, Assistant Receiver-General, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, eldest son of the Hon. James Colledge Pope and Eliza Dalrymple, his wife, was born at Summerside, Prince Edward Island, on the 8th May, 1856. He was educated at the Prince of Wales College, in Charlottetown. During his early life he was employed in the management of large ship-building and fishing industries in the western portion of the island. In 1882 he emigrated to the North-West Territories, and was one of the earliest settlers who located upon the site of the present town of Regina, the capital of Assiniboia. After the advent of the Canada Pacific Railroad, he engaged in the lumber business, importing the first manufactured lumber ever brought into that district. When, in the fall of 1882, the growth of the town rendered some form of civic organization desirable, he was elected one of three commissioners to represent the settlers’ interests. Mr. Pope remained there until the summer of 1883, when the position of assistant receiver-general, Charlottetown, rendered vacant by the retirement of the Hon. Joseph Pope, was offered to him by the government. This office he accepted, returned to his native island, and has since resided in Charlottetown. In religion, he is a member of the Church of England. In politics, a Conservative. He was married on the 15th day of April, 1882, to Mary Louise, second daughter of John Macgowan, by whom he has issue a son and two daughters.

Sullivan, Hon. William Wilfrid, Charlottetown, Premier and Attorney-General of Prince Edward Island, and a member of the Provincial Parliament for the second district of Kings county, was born at New London, Prince Edward Island, on the 6th of December, 1843. His parents, William Sullivan and Mary McCarthy, both now deceased, were natives of the county Kerry, Ireland. Hon. Mr. Sullivan was educated at the Central Academy and St. Dunstan’s College, Charlottetown. He studied law with the Hon. Joseph Hensley, then attorney-general, and now one of the judges of the Supreme Court of Prince Edward Island. He was called to the bar of Prince Edward Island in Trinity Term, 1867, and became a partner of his preceptor, holding that connection until Mr. Hensley was appointed to the Supreme Court bench two years later. No client ever suffers at the hands of Mr. Sullivan for the want of close application to his cause. Possessed of much coolness, clear judgment and sterling good sense, and being candid and logical in his arguments, Mr. Sullivan never fails to make admirable points, or to favorably impress bench and jury. We learn from the “Historical Illustrated Atlas of Prince Edward Island” that Mr. Sullivan was appointed a Queen’s counsel by the government of Prince Edward Island in June, 1876, and by his excellency the governor-general of Canada, under letters-patent, on the 19th May, 1879; that he was one of the counsel for the government in the interests of the tenants before the Land Commissioners’ Court under “The Land Purchase Act, 1875.” Hon. Mr. Sullivan is head of the extensive law firm of Sullivan & Macneill, who do business in all the courts of the province and the Supreme Court of the Dominion; is a deputy judge of the Admiralty Court, and a notary public, and is president of the Board of Education; president of the Board of Trustees of the Prince Edward Island Hospital for the Insane, and a director of the Merchants’ Bank of Prince Edward Island, and a local director of the Canada Life Assurance Company. He first entered public life in 1872, when he was elected to represent the first district of Kings county. He was returned for his present seat at the general election in April, 1873, and again, by acclamation, the following month on being appointed to office. He was re-elected at the general elections of 1876, 1879, 1882, and again at the last general election, 1886. He was a member of the Executive Council from 22nd of April to June, 1872, when he resigned; was appointed to the Executive Council, with the office of solicitor-general, on the formation of the Pope administration, 18th April, 1873; resigned his seat in the Executive Council upon the resignation of the Conservative government, on the 4th of September, 1876; and was unanimously elected leader of the opposition at the meeting of the legislature on the 14th of March, 1877. On the 1st of March, 1879, Mr. Sullivan moved, in the House of Assembly, a resolution of non-confidence in the government, which, after a long and animated debate, was carried by a vote of nineteen to ten on the 6th of March, and the administration resigned the following day. Our subject was then invited by the lieutenant-governor, Sir Robert Hodgson, to form a government, and take the position of premier. He succeeded in forming an administration, and the government were sworn in on the 11th of March, 1879. He was elected leader of the government by the unanimous vote of his party in both branches of the legislature, and was appointed attorney and advocate general, and president of the Executive Council on the formation of the administration, which positions he has held continuously ever since. The House of Assembly was dissolved and a general election held on the 9th of April, 1879, when the government were sustained by a majority of twenty-six to four, being the largest support ever accorded to any administration in the island. Among other acts, Hon. Mr. Sullivan was chiefly instrumental in securing branch lines of railway to Souris and Tignish in 1872; assisted in carrying through the Island legislature terms of confederation in 1873; assisted in passing The Land Purchase Act, 1875, and other acts on the same subject in 1876; introduced and carried through the legislature An Act for Abolishing Imprisonment for Debt, in 1879, and The Jury Act, 1880, which provides for the trial of all civil cases by seven instead of twelve jurors, as well as many other measures of law reform, and acts for the general benefit of the province. The Hon. Mr. Sullivan has been, on several occasions, a delegate to Ottawa, on public business; and, in 1886, was a delegate to London, to lay before the Imperial government the case of Prince Edward Island, concerning the non-fulfilment of the terms of confederation, with regard to continuous steam communication between that province and the mainland of Canada. He declined a nomination for the House of Commons at the general elections in February, 1887. Hon. Mr. Sullivan has been premier for a longer period than any of his predecessors. As a leader he matures his measures thoroughly before submitting them to the house, hence his success in that position; his industry is unwearied; he clings with the utmost tenacity to the cause which he advocates, and never trusts the discharge of any parliamentary duty devolving upon himself to another. He is a thorough master of the English language, and speaks with exactness and precision. He is also extremely cautious, and takes good care not to get his party (the Conservatives) into deep water. Having a strong and determined will, once convinced that he is right, he pushes forward, with unflinching perseverance, and success almost invariably crowns his efforts. He was married at Charlottetown, on the 13th of August, 1872, to Alice Maude Mary, third daughter of John Fenton Newbery, B.A., of Oxford, and formerly of London, England, and Siena, Italy, and they have six children. The family are members of the Roman Catholic church. Their residence, “Brighton Villa,” adjoining Charlottetown, is a beautiful place.

Boire, Louis Henri Napoleon, Manager of the Three Rivers Branch of the Banque d’Hochelaga, was born on the 17th of February, 1850, in the parish of St. Philippe, county of Laprairie, province of Quebec, of well-to-do parents. After attending for five or six years the country school of the place of his birth, he entered, at the age of twelve, the Montreal College, where he remained three years, after which he became a scholar in the Jacques Cartier Normal School in Montreal, where he followed the whole course of studies with a decided and marked success. Later on, in May, 1869, he was admitted to the study of medicine, but gave it up to enter on a business career; and for this purpose he became a student in the Montreal Business College, and after a few months he graduated from this institution. The following years, of which a few months were passed in Manitoba, he was employed as accountant or bookkeeper in Montreal mercantile houses, when, in September, 1874, he was appointed accountant in the Joliette branch of the Banque d’Hochelaga, and six months later, in March, 1875, he was made manager of the same branch. Here he remained until February, 1885, and was then appointed manager of the Three Rivers branch of the same bank, and in that town he has resided since. He was married in January, 1876, to M. Lea Cornellier, of Joliette, P.Q., daughter of the late E. Cornellier, a retired merchant.

Wade, Edward Harper, Quebec, was born in 1846, in what was formerly known as “the good old town of Liverpool.” His father, Samuel Mosley Wade, and his grandfather, Samuel Wade, were long engaged as brokers in the cotton trade of that port, and his mother was a daughter of the late Richard Harper, of Low Hill, Liverpool. He received his commercial training in the office of Sharples, Jones & Co., who then carried on a large wholesale importing business in Quebec timber in connection with their Canadian house. His father having been lost at sea in theRoyal Charter, when returning from a visit to Australia, he was apprenticed to the firm named, by his uncle and guardian, the late Thomas Wilson, a well-known Liverpool shipbuilder. Indentures were drawn up in the good old-fashioned style, binding the apprentice to five years’ service in consideration of being taught the trade and business of a timber merchant. This engagement was faithfully carried out on both sides, and every opportunity given for the acquisition of such knowledge of all timber mysteries as the Canada Dock Quay, or the town office of the firm, afforded; and the lesson of straightforward and truthful dealing and liberal fulfilment of all business obligations and promises was duly inculcated. After the expiration of the term named he remained three years with the firm, and was then transferred to the Quebec office of C. & J. Sharples & Co. The Quebec firm became John Sharples, Sons & Co., and the Liverpool house Henry Sharples, Son & Co., and all the senior partners had passed away before he left the employ at the end of 1877, having for several previous years travelled on contracting business in all parts of the United Kingdom, but especially in Ireland and North Wales, districts then largely importing Quebec goods. At that time this portion of the business seldom fell into such young hands, but the high standing and careful shipments of the firm served the young salesman well, and enabled him to continue and extend the connection of the house in the districts specially left to his care. Many little ports that are now entirely or almost altogether supplied from larger centres at that time imported several Quebec timber cargoes each year, and districts which now consume little besides pitch pine, spruce deals and Baltic goods were good customers for Canadian white pine, then commonly called yellow pine. At the end of 1877 he entered into business arrangements with the old and well-known Quebec firm of Roberts, Smith & Co. The parting between Messrs. Sharples and himself was characterized by the greatest good feeling on both sides, and the long connection left behind it a warm friendship that has never been disturbed in the slightest degree, even during the keen competition of the most trying selling seasons. His respect and esteem for all members of the family have always been strongly expressed, and their kindly feeling towards him has remained unchanged. For three years he continued as salesman with Roberts, Smith & Co., with a percentage on the profits of the business; and on Mr. Joseph Roberts retiring in 1880, he was taken into partnership by Mr. R. H. Smith, and the firm was continued under the style of Smith, Wade & Co. Taught by the sound judgment and thorough practical knowledge of timber and its classification and by the long experience of all points connected with Quebec contracting possessed by Mr. Roberts, and instructed in sound principles of finance, banking, and details of management by Mr. Smith, whose qualifications in this respect are so well known, the subject of our sketch obtained a thorough insight into the working of a Quebec shipping business as it should be carried on. Under such training it is not strange that he has established a character for reliability, that with him a promise is as faithfully carried out as a contract, and the spirit as well as the letter of the agreement always kept. For many years Mr. Roberts and Mr. Smith had entire charge of the Canadian supply to the English dockyards under admiralty contracts through Messrs. Chapman, of London. This was a most important business, including the annual supply of many large masts and spars of considerable value, such as are now only obtained from the Pacific coast. Mr. R. H. Smith retired at the end of last year, and Mr. H. T. Walcot, for nine years past a member of the firm of John Burstall & Co., has joined Mr. Wade in carrying on the business, under the same style, with the same staff, and upon the same lines. Shortly after his arrival in Canada, and during a political riot, Mr. Wade had a narrow escape with his life in rescuing from an infuriated mob an unfortunate man who, but for his interference, would probably have been killed. Except in such extreme cases he is an advocate of non-intervention, and of letting people manage their own affairs in their own way. The Canadian system of home rule is, in his opinion, the perfection of government. Although a firm believer in free trade, he readily admits that sometimes there are more important questions than any connected with the tariff, and believes it is essential to keep in power the best men in the country. Apart from his energy, enterprise, and thorough knowledge of that portion of the trade of which he is a worthy representative, much of Mr. Wade’s success is doubtless due to the genial and courteous manner which characterizes his intercourse with all sorts and conditions of men, and which has been the means of securing him hosts of friends and well-wishers. Mr. Wade was married in 1874 to Margaret, eldest daughter of John Simons, of Quebec, by whom he has five children.

Blanchet, Hon. Jean, Q.C., Quebec, M.P.P. for the County of Beauce, was born in February, 1843, in St. François, county of Beauce, and is a descendant of one of the oldest settlers in La Nouvelle France. He is the son of C. Blanchet, N.P., of St. François de la Beauce, and a nephew of the Right Rev. Mgrs. Blanchet, bishops of Oregon and Vancouver respectively, whom we may truly call the pioneer apostles of evangelisation in British Columbia. This country is under a heavy debt of gratitude to the reverend prelates for the detailed descriptions and quaint narratives of their early travels in that far-off part of the Dominion, and the historian of the future will find an inexhaustible supply of materials in their memoirs. The subject of our sketch was educated at the College of Nicolet, and at the termination of his classical course of studies entered Laval University to follow the law course of that institution, attending the office of Bossé and Bossé at the same time. On the 3rd of October, 1863, he was admitted to the bar of Lower Canada, and in 1876 was appointed a Queen’s counsel by the government of the province of Quebec, and re-appointed as such by the Dominion Government, on the 11th October, 1880, it having been decided by the courts of law that the appointment of Queen’s counsels wasultra viresof the provincial legislatures, and rested solely with the federal authorities. He is a member of the council of the bar, Quebec section. On his first presenting himself for parliamentary honours in his native county, at the general election of 1872, he was unsuccessful. In November, 1881, he, however, was elected by acclamation, and was sworn in as a member of the executive council on the 31st July, 1882, taking the portfolio of provincial secretary in the Mousseau administration. In 1884, he was again appointed to the same office, under the Ross administration, and accepted the same portfolio in January, 1887, under the Hon. L. O. Taillon, who resigned in the same month. He has been elected at the general election of 1886 by 187 majority. Hon. Mr. Blanchet is an honorary member of several societies. Among others, may be mentioned L’Athénée Louisianais, the Historical Society of Montreal, and the Geographical Society of Bordeaux, France; he is also president of the Asbestos Mining and Manufacturing Company of Canada, and the Artisans’ Permanent Building Society. In politics Hon. Mr. Blanchet is a Liberal-Conservative, and resides in Quebec, enjoying an extensiveclientèlein Quebec, Beauce, and Montmagny. He is a member of the law firm of Blanchet, Drouin and Dionne. He married on the 5th of August, 1878, Jeanie, daughter of General S. Seymour, of Albany, late state engineer of the state of New York, by whom he has issue two children, one son and one daughter.

Phillips, Rev. Caleb Thaddeus, Minister of the Free Baptist Church, Woodstock, New Brunswick, was born at Wakefield, county of Carleton, N.B., on the 7th June, 1841. His father was Cornelius Ackerman Phillips, whose grandfather was one of the U. E. Loyalists; and his mother Frances Stevens, daughter of John Stevens and Mary Ackermann, and grand-daughter of Colonel Lawrence, a noted officer in the British army during the revolutionary war. Rev. Mr. Phillips received his education in his native parish and at Acadia College, Wolfville. He afterwards entered the ministry, and was for fourteen years in charge of the Sussex pastorate, in Kings county. Upon his resignation he was presented with a gold watch and an address from the citizens, and in 1884 took charge of the Free Baptist Church in Woodstock, N.B., of which he is the present pastor. He takes a deep interest in the temperance reform, and is a hard worker for the advancement of the Master’s kingdom on earth. He belongs to the fraternity of Freemasons, and is a member of Woodstock lodge. On the 8th October, 1870, he was married to Georgia, daughter of the Rev. Cyriac Cyrell Doucette, and has a family of four children.

Jetté, Hon. Louis A., LL.D., Montreal, Judge of the Superior Court, was born at L’Assomption, province of Quebec, on the 15th January, 1836. His father was Amable Jetté, merchant, whose ancestors came to Canada from near Tours, in France, in the sixteenth or seventeenth century. His mother, Caroline Gauffreau, was also of French descent. Her grandfather was a planter in St. Domingo when that island was under French rule, but left during some political troubles, and came to Canada. Judge Jetté, the subject of our sketch, received his literary education at L’Assomption College, and afterwards studied law (first) with Pelletier & Belanger, barristers, and afterwards with David & Ramsay, barristers. He was called to the bar in February, 1857. He practised his profession in Montreal from that date until he was appointed to the bench, on 2nd September, 1878. While at the bar Hon. Mr. Jetté greatly distinguished himself; and in the celebrated Guibord case he won an almost world-wide reputation for legal ability. In an extended review of the case, theBelgique Judiciaire, of Belgium, Europe, thus spoke of him, quoting largely from his pleading: “This speech, like all the pleadings of Mr. Jetté, has a tone remarkable for sincerity and loyalty. Mr. Jetté appears to us, moreover, to be an advocate of great merit, who must hold the front rank at every bar where he has a great cause to plead. * * * Voltaire, hearing the speech of Mr. Jetté, at Montreal, would find himself more comfortable than at the Court of Appeals at Paris, or in the Legislative Assembly at Versailles.” At one period of his life Judge Jetté was greatly interested in politics, and was a pronounced Liberal. At the general election in 1872 he contested Montreal East, and succeeded in beating the late Sir George E. Cartier, baronet, the then great statesman and leading Conservative in the province of Quebec, having polled the unprecedented majority of twelve hundred votes. This great triumph produced at the time great enthusiasm among the judge’sconfrères. At the general election held in 1874, he was re-elected by acclamation; served through the session of the House of Commons at Ottawa in 1878, and in the spring of that year was offered a seat in the cabinet of the Hon. Alexander Mackenzie, who then held the reins of government. But he declined the proffered honor, having decided to retire from political life. In the summer of 1878 he visited Europe, and while in Paris he received, by telegram, the information that he had been appointed to a seat on the bench of the Superior Court of his native province, and requesting his immediate return. Since his elevation to the bench he has fully realized the most sanguine expectations of his friends, and no judge in the province is more respected than he. Amongst the important cases he has been called to decide, since his appointment to the bench, we may mention: 1st. the liberation from the lunatic asylum of Mrs. Lynam, a poor unfortunate woman who had been kept there for nearly two years, a case which, three or four years ago, attracted the attention of everyone in the Dominion, and led to an investigation by the provincial government in the management of those institutions; 2nd. the Laramée and Evans case, where he stated, in a most exhaustive judgment, the law of the province on the subject of marriage, a judgment which was deemed so important that, on motion of Hon. E. Blake, a copy of it was laid on the table of the House of Commons; 3rd. the case of Dobie and the Board of Temporalities of the Presbyterian church; 4th. the case of Lambe vs. the Insurance Companies, for the recovery of the tax imposed on those companies by the provincial government of Quebec, where he maintained the constitutionality of the provincial law, being confirmed in that view by her Majesty’s Privy Council. Judge Jetté is a corresponding member ofLa Société de Legislation Comparée de Paris; and is also a corresponding editor of theRevue de Droit Internationalof Ghent, Belgium. He received the honorary degree of LL.D. from Laval University, Quebec, in 1878, and is professor of law in the Montreal branch of the same celebrated institution of learning. In 1862 he married Berthe Laflamme, daughter of the late Toussaint Laflamme, merchant, Montreal, and sister of Hon. R. Laflamme, minister of justice in the Mackenzie government.

McLellan, Hon. David, Lumber Merchant, Indiantown, M.P.P. for St. John city and county, New Brunswick, was born in Portland, N.B., on the 20th of January, 1839. His father, David McLellan, was by trade a shipbuilder, emigrated from Kelton, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, and settled in the Maritime provinces many years ago. His mother, Mary Knight, was a descendant of a Quaker family in Pennsylvania, United States. Mr. McLellan received his education chiefly in a commercial and mathematical school in St. John, taught by William Mills, and acquired a good mental outfit with which to begin life. After leaving school he commenced business as a surveyor and dealer in lumber, and is now the senior member of the firm of McLellan & Holly, doing a large trade in lumber in the rough, handling over 60,000,000 superficial feet of logs annually. He entered political life in 1878, and at the general election of that year was elected to represent the city and county of St. John, in the New Brunswick legislature. He again, at the general election held in 1882, presented himself for re-election, and was returned by his old constituency. On the 28th July, 1883, he was sworn in a member of the Executive Council, and was appointed provincial secretary in the Blair administration, in place of the late Hon. Wm. Elder. His acceptance of office necessitated another appeal to the electors, and he was again elected. At the general election held in 1886 he was once more chosen by a large majority. Hon. Mr. McLellan is president of the Board of Agriculture for the province of New Brunswick. He is a Freemason, and also belongs to the fraternity of Oddfellows. In politics he is a pronounced Reformer; and in religion, an adherent of the Baptist church. In December, 1864, he was married to Fanny B. Richards, daughter of Henry Richards, of St. John, N.B., and has had a family of four children—two sons and two daughters, one of the boys died in infancy.

Taschereau, Hon. Henri Elzéar, Judge of the Supreme Court, Ottawa, was born at the Seignorial Manor house, Ste. Marie de la Beauce, county of Beauce, province of Quebec, on the 7th of October, 1836. He is the eldest son of the late Pierre Elzéar Taschereau, and a near relative to Cardinal Taschereau. His father was, prior to the union of the provinces, for many years a member of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada, and after the union he was also a representative in the parliament of the united provinces. He had married Catherine Hénédine, a daughter of the late Hon. Amable Dionne, who was also at one time a member of the Legislative Council. The founder of the family, Thomas Jacques Taschereau, settled in the province of Quebec several years before the conquest. Many members of the Taschereau family have achieved high distinction in Canada, no less than seven of its members having occupied seats on the judicial bench. The subject of our sketch was sent to the Quebec Seminary, and after completing his classical studies, studied law in the office of his cousin, the Hon. Jean Thomas Taschereau, one of the most eminent lawyers of the province of Quebec, who was appointed a puisné judge of the Supreme Court of the Dominion on its formation in 1875, and was superannuated some years ago. In October, 1857, Mr. Taschereau was called to the bar of Lower Canada, and formed a partnership with his cousin, the eminent jurist above mentioned, and they practised their profession at Quebec. He soon gained a high reputation as a lawyer, and subsequently entered into partnership with William Duval and Jean Blanchet, who afterwards became speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec, and of the House of Commons at Ottawa. In 1861, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly for the county of Beauce, and continued to represent that constituency until confederation, when, at the general election of 1867, he was unsuccessful as a candidate for the House of Commons. During that year he was made a Queen’s counsel, and the following year he was appointed clerk of the peace for the district of Quebec, a position which he held only three days, resigning at the end of that time on account of a misunderstanding with the government. He then devoted himself to professional pursuits, and on the 12th of January, 1871, he was appointed a puisné judge of the Superior Court of the province of Quebec, and held that position until the 7th of October, 1878, when he was elevated to his present position of a judge of the Supreme Court of the Dominion. As a law writer, Judge Taschereau is an authority, he having written several important works, among which we may mention “The Criminal Law Consolidation and Amendment Acts of 1869, 32-33 Vict., for the Dominion of Canada, as amended and in force on the 1st November, 1874, in the provinces of Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Manitoba, and on the 1st of June, 1875, in British Columbia, with Notes, Commentaries, Precedents of Indictments,” etc., etc., in two volumes, the first of which was published in Montreal in 1874, and contains 796 pages. The second volume, containing 556 pages, was published in Toronto in 1875. Both volumes display much erudition, and have been highly commended by competent legal authorities, among others by C. S. Greaves, an English Queen’s counsel, and one of the most eminent contemporary writers on English jurisprudence. “Le Code de Procédure Civile du Bas-Canada, avec annotations” was published in 1876, and also received high commendation from legal critics. The Hon. Judge Taschereau married, on the 27th of May, 1857, Marie Antoinette de Lotbinière Harwood, a daughter of the Hon. R. U. de Lotbinière Harwood, a member of the Legislative Council of Quebec, and seigneur of Vaudreuil, near Montreal. Mrs. Taschereau is a sister of Lieut.-Col. de Lotbinière Harwood. They have a family of five children, two sons and three daughters. Hon. Judge Taschereau has his residence in Ottawa, and is joint proprietor of the seigniory of Ste. Marie de la Beauce, conceded to his great-grandfather in the year 1726.

Williams, Right Rev. James W., D.D., Bishop of Quebec, was born in the town of Overton, Hampshire, England, on the 15th September, 1825, and was brought up in that neighbourhood. He is the son of the Rev. David Williams, for many years rector of Baughurst, Hampshire. He was educated by his father at home, at the Grammar School, Crewkerne, Somerset, and at Pembroke College, Oxford. In 1851 he graduated as B.A., taking honours in classics, and in due course obtained his degree of M.A. and D.D. The Lord Bishop of Oxford admitted him to deacon’s orders, and in 1856 he was ordained priest by the Lord Bishop of Bath and Wells. He held curacies for a short time in Buckinghamshire and Somersetshire. His classical attainments were of more than average excellence. For two years he was assistant master in Leamington College. In 1857, whilst curate of Huish-Champflower, he was chosen to organize a school in connection with Bishop’s College, Lennoxville, Quebec. He held the office of rector of the College Grammar School, together with that of professor of belles-lettres in the university, until his elevation to the episcopacy. Upon the death of the late Right Rev. George Jehosaphat Mountain, Bishop of Quebec, in 1863, Rev. Mr. Williams was chosen by the synod to succeed him, and on the 11th of June, of the same year, he was consecrated at Quebec by the Most Reverend the Metropolitan, assisted by the bishops of Toronto, Ontario, Huron and Vermont. His first episcopal act was to advance three deacons to the priesthood. The See of Quebec, over which the bishop’s jurisdiction extends, was constituted in 1863, and formerly comprised the whole of Upper and Lower Canada. Owing to various causes, and mainly to the increase in the population and growth of the Church of England its extent has been curtailed from time to time until it was confined to that part of the province of Quebec extending from Three Rivers to the Straits of Belle Isle and New Brunswick, on the shores of the St. Lawrence, and all east of a line drawn from Three Rivers to Lake Memphremagog. Bishop Williams is a plain preacher, and never exhibits any affectation; he is a man of scholarly tastes. He makes no pretence to showy or transcendent gifts of pulpit oratory, but is known as an energetic and industrious ecclesiastic, watching with zealous care over the spiritual welfare of his flock and clergy. Several of his lectures and sermons have been published and were highly commended by the Canadian and American religious newspapers. Among them may be more especially mentioned his charge delivered to the clergy of the diocese of Quebec at the visitation held in Bishop’s College, Lennoxville, in 1864; and a lecture on Self-Education, published at Quebec in 1865.

Moody, James Cochrane, M.D., Windsor, Nova Scotia, was born at Liverpool, N.S., on the 1st of September, 1844. His father, the Rev. John T. T. Moody, D.D., was born at Halifax, on the 25th of March, 1804, and at the date of his son’s birth was rector of Liverpool, but subsequently removed with his family to Yarmouth, N.S., to which parish he was appointed rector in 1846. His mother was Sarah Bond, eldest daughter of the late Henry Greggs Farish, M.D., of Yarmouth, N.S., and was born on the 9th of July, 1807. They were married in 1830, and both lived to the advanced age of 80 years. Dr. Moody commenced the study of medicine under the preceptorship of his great uncle, the late Joseph B. Bond, M.D., of Yarmouth, in 1862. He is a graduate of the University of New York, having taken his degree of M.D. at that institution in the spring of 1866. On his return home during the Fenian alarm of the same year, he was appointed an assistant surgeon to the Yarmouth militia. Commencing the practice of his profession at Richibucto, Kent county, New Brunswick, in the autumn of 1866, he soon succeeded in building up a good practice. Was appointed a coroner for Kent county, November 1st, 1870. He took an active part in agitating for the construction of the Kent Northern Railway; takes a deep interest in Masonry, is a past master of St. Andrew’s Lodge, A. F. and A. M., Richibucto, New Brunswick, he is also a Royal Arch mason, and has been for a considerable time connected with the order of Oddfellows. On account of the hardships and exposure attending the practice of his profession in northern New Brunswick, he decided to remove to Windsor, Nova Scotia, which he did with his family in the autumn of 1882, where he at present resides in active practice. On the eve of departure to his new field of labour, he was presented with a very complimentary address, signed by the leading inhabitants of Richibucto and vicinity. The following are brief extracts:—“Your departure from Richibucto is deeply regretted by all classes in this community. The sixteen years spent in active work in our midst have made you personally acquainted with us all, and while your professional skill won our trust, and commanded our admiration, your sterling qualities, as a man, gained our enduring friendship. A broader field of labour may await you in your new home, and a more ample recompense favour your work, but you will search in vain for hearts more fervent in wishes for your welfare than those you leave behind in Richibucto.” Dr. Moody is a member of the Church of England, and has always taken an active part in church work, having held while in Richibucto the offices of church warden and delegate to the diocesan synod. He is at present a warden of Christ Church, and also a governor of the University of Kings College, Windsor, N.S. On the 9th of September, 1880, he was married to Augusta Whipple, second daughter of the late James H. Jones, of Digby, N.S. Their family consists of three children, one son and two daughters.

Griffin, Martin J., Ottawa, Librarian of Parliament, was born in St. John’s, Newfoundland, August 7, 1847. He received his collegiate education in St. Mary’s College, Halifax, and studied for the Nova Scotia bar; first in the office of Hon. Wm. Miller, late speaker of the Senate; and later, in the office of Hon. James McDonald, now chief justice of Nova Scotia. He was most successful, being called, when only twenty-one, with a first-class certificate. From an early age he had shown decided talent for literature, and even before he became regularly connected with any public journal, he had contributed articles of various kinds to the press of Halifax, and had made some ambitious ventures in poetry and criticism for magazines in the United States. His ability secured for him a place on the staff of the HalifaxChronicle, for which he did good work while carrying on his studies. A year after his admission to the bar, that is to say in 1868, he became editor of the HalifaxExpress, which position he held until 1874. His writing during that period attracted wide attention, and marked him as the strongest journalistic champion of the Liberal-Conservative party in the province. His wide and accurate knowledge of public affairs caused him to be chosen as the assistant of the Hon. James McDonald, Q.C., the representative of Nova Scotia before the Fishery Commission, whose decision has since gone into history as the “Halifax Award.” His work in this direction was interrupted by an election contest, in 1874, in which he unsuccessfully sought election to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly. When the Conservatives came into power in the Dominion, in 1878, and Hon. James McDonald was sworn in as minister of justice, Mr. Griffin was appointed the minister’s private secretary, but resigned in three months to accept the offer of a position on the editorial staff of the TorontoMail. His letters and despatches to theMail, as well as the editorial articles which he contributed, were marked by the same vigorous and scholarly style which had brought him to the front in the Maritime provinces. It was but natural, therefore, that when a vacancy occurred in the chief editorship of this paper, Mr. Griffin should be called to fill it. This was in 1881. He carried theMail, editorially, through the great campaign attending the general election in 1882, and it is only just to say, that the brilliant victory achieved by the Conservative party then, was due, in considerable degree, to the vigor and skill with which the chief representative journal of the party was managed by Mr. Griffin. On the death of Mr. Todd, who had so long and so well managed the library of parliament, it was decided to have a dual headship of the library, in keeping with the system of having both English and French as authorized languages, and Mr. Griffin was chosen as the fittest man for the high and responsible position of joint librarian. He was appointed in August, 1885. No man could be more faithful to any trust than Mr. Griffin has been in the management of the library, and few in any country could have brought to the work an equally wide knowledge of books. Mr. Griffin is above all else a scholar; but his long editorial experience has given him also a quickness of comprehension, and a systematising ability which fit him to be the adviser of legislators and writers in mastering questions with which they have to deal. Mr. Griffin was married in 1872 to Harriet Starrat, daughter of the late William Starrat, of Liverpool, N.S.

Hingston, William Hales, M.D., L.R.C.S. (Edinburgh), D.C.L., Montreal, was born at Hinchinbrook, province of Quebec, on the 29th June, 1829. His father, Lieut.-Colonel S. J. Hingston, formerly of her Majesty’s 100th Regiment, which did good service during the war of 1812-14, came to Canada with his regiment, of which he was then adjutant. In 1819, when his regiment was disbanded, he received from Lord Dalhousie command of the militia force of the county of Huntingdon, which he organized, taking up his residence on the bank of the Chateauguay river. Subsequently Sir James Kemp gave Colonel Hingston command of the militia of the county of Beauharnois. He was wounded at the battle of Chippewa, and died in 1830, when his son, William Hales Hingston, the subject of our sketch, was eighteen months old. The Hingstons are an old Irish family, and are related to the Cotters, of Cork, the elder Latouches, of Dublin, and the Hales family. At the age of fifteen, having received his primary education at the school in his native place, W. H. Hingston entered the Montreal College, where, at the end of the first year, he carried off three first and two second prizes out of a possible five. Subsequently he spent a couple of years in the study of pharmacy, and then entered McGill College, where he graduated in medicine, in 1851. He went at once to Edinburgh, where he obtained the diploma of the Royal College of Surgeons. While in Europe he spent most of his time in hospitals, and brought back diplomas from France, Prussia, Austria, and Bavaria, in addition to that from Scotland. One, the membership of the Imperial Leopold Academy, was the first ever obtained by a Canadian, the late Sir William Logan being the next recipient. Dr. Hingston began practice in Montreal, where he soon succeeded in building up aclientèle, surgery being his leading and special branch. In 1867 he again visited Europe, and, when there, on the invitation of Sir James Simpson, successfully performed, in Edinburgh, a difficult surgical operation on one of Sir James’ patients, and was afterwards qualified by that far-famed physician as “that distinguished American surgeon lately among us.” Soon after beginning practice in Montreal, Dr. Hingston was appointed surgeon to the Hotel-Dieu Hospital, where he had a large field for the exercise of his art. There he has since given daily clinical instruction in surgery. A recent number of a Montreal medical journal mentions some of the operations he was the first to perform in Canada: excision of the knee; removal of the womb; removal of the kidney; excision of the tongue and lower jaw, etc. Dr. Hingston was one of the organizers of McGill University Society, which secured to thealumnithe appointment of convocation fellows. When Bishop’s College Medical School was organized, he was named professor of surgery and clinical surgery, and afterwards dean of faculty; but soon resigned the professorships. He was one of the resuscitators of the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, and was its president many times. He was the first secretary of the Dominion Medical Association, and afterwards its president. He was chosen by the international council to represent Canada at the International Medical Congress, held in Philadelphia, in 1876, and was offered the same honor at Washington, in 1887, but preferred to remain representative in surgery. He has been, for many years, a governor of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the province of Quebec, and is now its president. He is consulting physician to several dispensaries, and to the Hospital for Women, of which he was one of the founders. He organized the first board of health in the Dominion, and has long been a faithful worker in behalf of the sanitary interests of Montreal. On three different occasions he had been urged to permit his name to be submitted as a candidate for the mayoralty, but declined. However, in 1875, at the unanimous request of his professional brethren, he consented, and was chosen chief magistrate by a majority of nearly ten to one over his opponent, and, as he stated at the time, “without having spent one moment of time, or one shilling of money, to obtain a position which no one should seek, but which, coming, as it did, no one was at liberty to decline.” He was re-elected the following year by acclamation. A third term was offered him, but that he declined. The period of Dr. Hingston’s mayoralty was one of grave interest and anxiety to the order-loving citizens of Montreal, and it was well that the office of chief magistrate was, at the time of the Guibord affair especially, held by a gentleman of character, coolness, and judgment. He received the thanks of the Governor-General (Lord Dufferin) for his conduct on that occasion. When an epidemic of small pox reigned in Montreal, and the anti-vaccinators offered every opposition to vaccination, Dr. Hingston, as chairman of the board of health, under cover of “A few instructions to the vaccinators,” wrote a paper on the disputed points in controversy, which effectually silenced his opponents. This paper was distributed gratuitously by order of the city council of Montreal, and was freely quoted all over America, and attracted attention in Europe. Again, when in 1885, the province of Quebec was visited with an epidemic of small pox, the government called into existence a provincial board of health, with all necessary power. The subject of our notice was again named chairman, and so soon as efficient sanitary measures had been completed, Dr. Hingston visited Washington, and induced the authorities there to modify their quarantine regulations, which had interfered severely with commercial intercourse and freedom of travel. During his professional career he has contributed a number of articles to various medical periodicals, chiefly on surgery. A more considerable contribution to Canadian science was his work on the “Climate of Canada, and its relations to life and health.” which was published in 1885. No member of the medical profession in Canada has been more honored by scientific bodies. In addition to those already named, several of the state boards of medicine of the United States have elected him honorary member, and many American state medical societies have done so likewise; the British Association, for the Advancement of Science, chose him as vice-president; and within the past few months the British Medical Association elected him honorary member, and the president of council, Sir Walter Foster, thus announced his election: “Dr. Hingston is too well and too favourably known to the members of this Association to require the council to give reasons for selecting him for this honor. His reputation as a surgeon is not confined to Canada.” The College of Physicians and Surgeons of the province of Quebec, in noticing the last honor, ordered the following resolution to be transmitted to England: “The College of Physicians and Surgeons of the province of Quebec, has learned with pleasure of the honor conferred by the British Medical Association on their president, Dr. Hingston, whose reputation as a surgeon, whose labors in the cause of public health, and whose delicately honourable bearing towards his professional brethren, had already secured to him every honor the profession of this Dominion could confer.” In 1875, Dr. Hingston married Margaret Josephine, daughter of the Hon. D. A. Macdonald, formerly lieutenant-governor of the province of Ontario, and has three sons and one daughter.

Bergeron, Joseph Gédéon Horace, B.C.L., Advocate, Montreal, M.P. for Beauharnois, was born at Rigaud, province of Quebec, on the 13th October, 1854. He is a son of the late T. R. Bergeron, who was a notary at Rigaud. His mother was Léocadie Caroline Delphine, daughter of Gédéon Coursol, notary, of St. Andrew’s, uncle of C. J. Coursol, M.P. for Montreal East. Mr. Bergeron was educated at the Jesuits’ College in Montreal, where he took a partial classical course. He then entered the McGill University, where he graduated B.C.L. in March, 1877. He adopted law as a profession, and was called to the bar of the province of Quebec in July, 1877, and is now one of the law firm of Archambault, Lynch, Bergeron & Mignault, Montreal. In 1874 he entered the Military School at Montreal, where he took a second-class certificate and then joined the No. 1 cavalry troop. He is an active member of the St. Jean Baptiste Society in Montreal, having joined it in 1875; and in 1880 he became a member of the same society in Valleyfield. He entered political life in 1879, on the death of the then sitting member, Mr. Cayley, for Beauharnois, and was returned to the Dominion parliament. At the general election of 1882 he was re-elected by acclamation; and in 1887, at the general election of that year, he was once more sent to parliament to represent his old constituency in the House of Commons at Ottawa. He is a Liberal-Conservative in politics; and in religion is a member of the Roman Catholic church.

Sicotte, Hon. Louis Victor, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, one of the judges of the Superior Court of Quebec, is a son of Touissant Sicotte, of the parish of Ste. Famille, Boucherville, and was born at Boucherville, on the 6th of November, 1812. He was educated at St. Hyacinthe College. Our subject entered public life in 1852, representing the county of St. Hyacinthe in the Canadian parliament, and continued to do so for eleven years. The opening part of his political career was an exciting period in the history of the two provinces of Upper and Lower Canada—the questions of clergy reserves and the seignorial tenure being still unsettled; and in August, 1853, he was offered a seat in the Cabinet of the Hincks-Morin administration as commissioner of Crown lands, but he declined to accept it, because the government refused to proceed immediately to settle those two questions. Mr. Sicotte, by his writings on the question of the clergy reserves, extensively reproduced in the Upper Canada papers, was greatly instrumental in creating a powerful opinion to settle the question; the result was an overwhelming majority in parliament for the settlement of these two important matters. In 1854, Mr. Sicotte was chosen speaker, and held that honorable post till the dissolution in November, 1857. He was commissioner of Crown lands in the Taché-Macdonald government; and in 1858 became commissioner of public works in the Cartier-Macdonald administration, retiring from the government on the Ottawa question, in December of that year. In May, 1862, when the Sandfield Macdonald-Sicotte government was formed, our subject took the portfolio of attorney-general for Lower Canada, held that position until May, 1863; and was made judge of the Superior Court in the following September. In the year previous he was sent to England on public business, relating principally to the extension of communications with the North-West Territory, to realise what is now the Canadian Pacific Railway, and while there acted as commissioner on behalf of Canada at the international exhibition held in London. Before going on the bench, he held for a long time the presidency of the Board of Agriculture, and was also a member of the Council of Public Instruction, resigning the latter office when he accepted the judgeship. Judge Sicotte belongs to the Roman Catholic church, and people who have known him the longest and most intimately, credit him with having lived a blameless and eminently useful life. He was an intimate friend and coworker with Mr. Ludger D. Duvernay, and, with him, took the step towards the formation of the St. Jean Baptiste Society of Montreal. He was married, in 1837, to Margaret Amelia Starnes, daughter of Benjamin Starnes, of Montreal, and sister of Hon. Henry Starnes. They have ten children living. Judge Sicotte, after serving twenty-four years’ of judicial life, resigned in November, 1887, at the advanced age of seventy-five years, still strong and healthy, free and anxious for the study of the law, but outside of all litigation.

Thornton, John, Coaticook, President of the Cascade Narrow Fabric Company, province of Quebec, was born on the 3rd April, 1823, at Derby, Vermont. His father was John Thornton, and mother, Sally Lunt. His great-grandfather, on the paternal side, was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. Mr. Thornton received his education in Derby, and came to Canada in 1840. He settled in Stanstead for about a year, when he removed to Barnston. Here he remained until 1855, when he moved to Coaticook, and there he has resided since, and done business as a general storekeeper. Being a public spirited gentleman, he was elected a councillor; then he held the office of mayor and warden of Stanstead county for two terms, and finally entered political life, and sat for eight years in the Quebec legislature, representing the county of Stanstead. He has been largely interested in the material prosperity of the district in which he resides. For a while he was one of the directors of the Magog Print Company, from which position he retired in 1885. He is now a director of the Coaticook Cotton Company; of the Coaticook Knitting Company; and is also president of the Cascade Narrow Fabric Company, the only concern in Canada where braids of all descriptions are manufactured. He is one of the directors of the Eastern Townships Bank, and president of the Coaticook Water Company. In politics Mr. Thornton is a Liberal-Conservative; and in religion an adherent of the Methodist church. He belongs to the order of Oddfellows. He has been twice married. In 1847 to Lucy Baldwin, of Barnston, province of Quebec, by whom he had two children, a son and daughter, who still survive; and again on the 17th of June, 1884. to A. H. Cleveland.

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