[11]An officer of the French Military Mission who devoted himself to the study of the Japanese language, and ultimately became interpreter to the French Legation.
[11]An officer of the French Military Mission who devoted himself to the study of the Japanese language, and ultimately became interpreter to the French Legation.
[11]An officer of the French Military Mission who devoted himself to the study of the Japanese language, and ultimately became interpreter to the French Legation.
Iwakura replied that these men had now been declared to be rebels, and the two clans of Mito and Sumpu had been ordered out against them. That the proper course to adopt in presenting the petition which he had just read was to send it through the chiefs of those two clans. From the hasty glance he had cast over the document he could not profess to judge of its merits, but he was glad to see that the petitioners had some desire, however slight, of returning to their allegiance. (But if he had been aware of the extreme bumptiousness of the letter to Parkes and Outrey in which the petitions were forwarded, he would hardly have thought so.) Still, while thanking the ministers, and appreciating the disinterestedness of their motives, he could not consent to receive the petition through such a channel. Would the ministers mind forwarding it through the Tokugawa clan?
Adams and Montebello declined to have any business relations with the clan, and after some urging from the French side, Iwakura said he would accept the petition temporarily and give his answer to-morrow. We then returned home and Adams despatched a report to the chief. Next day (the 25th) in the afternoon came fresh instructions. Adams was to go to Iwakura, inform him of the surprise felt by both ministers at the refusal to accept the petition, and state that the expression 'a short delay' in thenote identiquerespecting neutrality meant what it said. After consultation with Montebello, it was decided to ask for an interview with Iwakura at 10 o'clock on the morning of the 26th, and a letter to that effect was sent off to Higashi-Kuzé. Before an answer could be received at the Legations there came a letter from Yamaguchi Hanzô written by Iwakura's order, refusing to accept the petition, and saying that as he was going down to Yokohama next day to see the representatives on the subject of neutrality, he would take the opportunity of speaking to the two ministers about the other matter as well. However Higashi-Kuzé's reply to our letter soon arrived to say that Iwakura's departure was postponed for a day, and that he would see the two secretaries as proposed by them.
On the 26th, as I was unwell, Mitford went in my stead to interpret for Adams. Iwakura receded from his previous attitude, and declared himself ready to receive the petitionfrom the two ministers, but that he intended to return it to the Tokugawa fugitives without taking any notice of its contents. Further, that he was determined to demand from the ministers the meaning of the words 'a short delay.' He also addressed a letter to the two ministers thanking them for the trouble they had taken about the petition, which he characterized as impertinent; it would therefore have to be returned direct. This was a slap in the face for our two chiefs, who ought never to have presented the petition, considering the covering letters received by them, which threatened to throw down the gauntlet to the Mikado's government if it did not leave them in quiet possession of Yezo. But Sir Harry was drawn on by the fear that Outrey would manage to get the petition accepted, and thereby win prestige; but if so, Outrey's little game was frustrated by Iwakura's good luck or perspicacity.
The following day I had to rush down to Yokohama for Iwakura's meeting with the Foreign Representatives. He asked what they meant by 'a short time.' They appeared to him to have had time enough already. When issuing their original notifications of neutrality they had acted immediately on receiving the communication of the Mikado's government, and why hesitate now? The colleagues fenced a little with the question and then retired into another room to consider their answer. When they emerged they announced their readiness to issue proclamations in fourteen days' time at the furthest. With this Iwakura was forced to be content. But our chief had gained the battle, and was correspondingly rejoiced. Iwakura left the same afternoon in the "Keangsoo"[12]for the port of Toba in Shima. Higashi-Kuzé informed the ministers that Yedo was to be the capital of the country, after the Mikado's return there next Japanese New-Year, but this decision was not at present to be made public. He displayed a map of the city and offered them the whole waterside from the Kanasugi Bridge to the Hotel, except the Owariyashiki, where the Foreign Office was to be, for sites on which to build Legations. All but Sir Harry declared their unwillingness to accept sites; I remarked to myself that he was gradually getting out of the bad habit of believing all the Japanese told him to be lies.
[12]Originally the flagship of Captain Sherard Osborn, when in command of the Chinese flotilla brought out by H. N. Lay, and afterwards bought by Satsuma.
[12]Originally the flagship of Captain Sherard Osborn, when in command of the Chinese flotilla brought out by H. N. Lay, and afterwards bought by Satsuma.
[12]Originally the flagship of Captain Sherard Osborn, when in command of the Chinese flotilla brought out by H. N. Lay, and afterwards bought by Satsuma.
LAST DAYS IN TOKIO AND DEPARTURE FOR HOME
Aweek before this Iwakura had sent me a present of a beautiful lacquered cabinet by way of thanks for the trouble he said I had taken in interpreting for him on various occasions, and on January 28th when I returned to Yedo I found a letter from Saméshima Seizô with presents from the Prince of Satsuma, Okubo, Yoshii and himself. The letter said: "Prince Satsuma wishes me to give you his thanks for your kindness and the trouble you have hitherto taken for his sake. He presents you the two boxes, and the rest, though a little, Okubo, Ioxy and myself present you merely to thank you for your kindness. We hope you will always keep them as our memorial." The prince's present consisted of a silver boat in the form of a peacock (called Takara-buné, or Ship of Treasures) and the lacquered stand, besides two rolls of white silk; Yoshii sent two pieces of Kiyo-midzu porcelain, and each of the others two pieces of white satin brocade. The spelling Ioxy, which is in accordance with ancient Portuguese orthography of Japanese names, shows that this letter came in English.
My translation of the sentences of the northerndaimiôswas published in the "Japan Herald" of January 30. This state paper completed the discomfiture of thesom-bak-kadiplomats, the term invented by the Japanese for application to the foreign ministers who supported the cause of the Shôgunate as far as was possible for them.
February 11 was the Japanese New Year's Day, which I passed at Yedo. Rice-cakes (mochi) had been prepared and decorated in proper fashion with a Seville orange and fern, and dried fronds had also been hung up in the alcove (toko no ma) of my study. Silk cushions had been provided for a guest and myself to sit on as we ate ourzôni. This is a soup in which pieces of friedmochiare soaked; on the first day of the year one is eaten, on the second two, on the third three. A New Year's drink calledtosowas also provided; this is asweetsakémingled with spices; it is drunk from porcelain cups of gradually decreasing size, placed on a stand. Every member of the household came in turn to wish me a happy new year, and to thank me for theO Sébo, or presents given to them at the end of the year, proportioned to the respective merits of the different servants. Next evening I gave an entertainment to my Japanese escort, to which the Legation writer Ono Seigórô, Mitford's teacher Nagazawa and my household were also invited. Mitford and I sat on white brocade cushions at the head of the room, with a big lacquered brazier between us; the Japanese guests were ranged along both sides of the room and at the end. I had to apologize by way of form for sitting on a cushion, which as host I ought not to have done, under the pretence that it made my knees sore to squat on the mats. There was a great deal of stiff conversation at first, until thesakéwas brought, and the waiting women from the restaurant that supplied the dinner, thegeishas, Noguchi's wife and a very clever girl from Yokohama made their appearance. We had comic dances, charades, songs and the Manzai new year's dance. An immense quantity ofsakéwas drunk, and every one departed well pleased by twelve o'clock.
Alexander Siebold, who had been in France with Mimbu Taiyu, had at last arrived back in Japan, releasing me from the duties that had kept me two years longer than provided by the existing rules about leave of absence. On February 14 he and I went to call on Katsu, who had been such a valuable source of political information ever since the downfall of the Shôgunate. Katsu thought the Tokugawa rebels at Hakodaté would give in their submission. At parting he gave me hiswakizashi(short sword), and we separated with many mutual expressions of regret. He was quartered in an outhouse at the Ki-shiûyashiki, where old Takénouchi, a Ki-shiû retainer who had been our purveyor of news and papers current among thedaimiô yashikis, was also living; we had to go into his rooms and drink a cup of tea; there I found the secretary of Daté Gorô, a distinguished Ki-shiû official, to whom I sent my farewell compliments. We got back to my house just in time to rush off again, to a dinner at the hotel, given by Higashi-Kuzé in honour of my departure. Besides Mitford, Siebold and myself, the other guests were the Prince of Bizen, the Court Noble Ohara Jijiû, Kido, Machida, Mori (afterwards known as Mori Arinori), Kanda Kôheia professor at the School of Languages and editor of one of the recently established Yedo newspapers, and Tsudzuki Shôzô of Uwajima. It was a very pleasant party. Little Bizen greeted me very politely, said he had heard a great deal about me, but had not had a previous opportunity of meeting me, so had taken advantage of this farewell entertainment to make my acquaintance. I had the post of honour at the left of Higashi-Kuzé. After dinner they drank my health in bumpers of champagne and wished me a pleasant voyage. Every one had some commission to give me. The Japanese government wanted six expensive gold watches and chains. Tsudzuki Shôzô, who presented me with a farewell letter written in the name of old Daté, asked for a copy of Hertslet's Treaties. Besides parting gifts from the Prince of Satsuma, Okubo, Yoshii and Saméshima, I received presents from Machida, my Japanese escort men, and a host of other people, including Kido. The latter spoke to me confidentially after dinner about the advantages which would result to Japan from opening a port in Corea; not so much material as moral, by teaching the Coreans to look abroad outside their own country. Both he and Mori talked about the native Christians and asked my advice. I counselled moderate measures, and long Notes to the Foreign Ministers now and then to keep them quiet. I acknowledged the difficulty of instilling the idea of toleration into the minds of the whole Japanese people by Act of Parliament, and told them of the disabilities under which Protestants had lain in Spain until recently, but I did not see the advantage of Mori's suggestion of allotting lands in Yezo to the Christians with the free exercise of their religion. Tsudzuki confided to me as a great secret the intended visit to England of a young Bizenkarônamed Tokura. Altogether we spent a very satisfactory evening, in spite of the long distance we had to go for our dinner.
Next day I left Yedo for good. As I passed the entrance to the barracks of the Legation mounted escort of London policemen, Inspector Peacock and the men came out to wish me a pleasant journey. Noguchi, Mitford's teacher Nagazawa and four of my Japanese guard came down the road as far as Mmé-yashiki, where we had a parting cup. Higashi-Kuzé sent me a complimentary letter, regretting my departure, and presenting me with a big lacquered cabinet as a mark of the Mikado's appreciation of all I had done to smooth diplomaticrelations. Kido also wrote, asking me to communicate to him any information about Japanese affairs that I might pick up in Europe, promising to answer any letters I might send him, wishing me a fine voyage and a happy arrival in England.
On the 24th February I sailed from Yokohama in the P. and O. steamer "Ottawa," 814 tons, master Edmond. Lady Parkes also was on board on her way to England, and the English community paid her the compliment of sending out a band, which played "Home, sweet home" as the anchor was weighed. I felt the tears come into my eyes. It would be hard to say whether they were caused by the emotion that a much-loved piece of music always produces, or by regret at leaving a country where I had lived so happily for six years and a half. With me I had my faithful Aidzusamurai, Noguchi Tomizô.
akéni, a wicker trunk for luggage.anata, you.arimasu, is, there is.ashigaru, common soldier in the service of a baron.awabi, rocksucker, a species of univalve shell-fish, haliotis japonicus, which furnishes also mother-of-pearl.bai-shin, arrière vassal.baku-fu, 'military power,' term applied to thede factogovernment by its adversaries. See p. 172.betté, a member of the corps of guards enrolled for the protection of the foreign legations.betté-gumi, the corps of guards, see betté.bugiô, governor, commissioner.cha-dai, present made to an innkeeper, which takes the place of tips to waiters and chamber-maids.cha-no-yu, tea-drinking with an elaborate ceremonial.chô-téki, rebel against the sovereign.daimiô, baron, see p. 36.denka, Highness.doma, the pit in a theatre.dôshin, constable.fudai, lesser barons, vassals of the Tokugawa family, see p. 36.gai-koku bugiô, commissioners for foreign affairs, corresponding to our Under-Secretaries of State.gai-koku-gata, official of the department of foreign affairs.gaimushô, ministry of foreign affairs.Gautama, family name of the founder of Buddhism.géba, notice to alight from horseback.gei-sha, a female musician, employed at dinner-parties.gijô, head of an administrative department, see p. 297 n.gisô, a councillor acting as intermediary between the Mikado and the Tycoon, q.v.go-ké-nin, an ordinary retainerof the Tokugawa family.gorôjiû, the Shôgun's council, see p. 68.goten, the palace of adaimiôor baron, as distinguished from his castle.gun-kan, army-inspector.hakama, a pair of wide trousers.haori, a mantle.harakiri, self-immolation by disembowelment, described at p. 344.hatago, charge for entertainment at an inn.hatamoto, name of lesser vassals of the Tokugawa family, see p. 36.heika, Majesty.hikido kago, a palanquin with sliding doors, see p. 206.hiraketa, civilized.homma da, it is true.hommaru, keep of a castle.honjin, literally 'headquarters,' mostly used for the official inn at a posting town.hôren, phœnix-chariot, name given to the Mikado's state palanquin.ichibu, a silver coin, value varying from 10d to 1s 8d, according to the rate of exchange.inkio, applied to the retired head of a family, whether noble or commoner, see p. 174.jimbaori, war-surcoat.jingasa, war-hat.jinketsu, a man of mark, cleverest man.jinrikisha, vulgo 'rickshaw,' a light carriage for one person, drawn by a man.jin-shin fu-ori-ai, unsettlement of the popular mind.jô-dan, elevated floor.jô-i, expulsion of barbarians.jô-yaku, a chief clerk.jû-bako, consisting of a pile of open boxes for holding food, the top one of which alone has a cover.kago, a palanquin.kaiseijo, government school for teaching European languages.kai-shaku, 'best man' of one who is performingharakiri, q.v. p. 345.kakké, dropsy of the lower limbs.kakurô, unceremonious appellation of the Tycoon's Council, see p. 172.kami, title corresponding to earl, baron, when following the name of a province, but after the name of a government department equivalent to minister.kami, English 'sire.'kami-shimo, costume consistingof hempen trousers and mantle, worn on occasions of ceremony.kamon, a class of barons, see p. 36.kan-tô, rebel, traitor.kara-yô, the Chinese style of running-hand script.kari-ginu, gala dress of a noble.karô, the higher class of hereditary councillors of a baron.katakana, a Japanese syllabary, corresponding to our Roman alphabet.kenshi, an official inspector.kerai, retainer of a baron.kiki-yaku, agent for the sale of a baron's produce as rent paid in kind.kin-ô, jô-i, honouring the sovereign and expelling barbarians.kinsatsu, gold-note, paper-money so-called.kinshin, voluntary self-confinement in expiation of an offence.kiôgen, farce.kiri-bô kago, a palanquin suspended from a pole of Paulownia wood.kô-fuku, surrender.koku, a measure, equal to about 5 bushels, used also as a measure of land assessment, see p. 36.kokushi, a baron whose fief comprised one or more provinces.kôtei, Emperor, the same as the Chinese term 'hwang-ti,' see p. 163.ko-t'ou, Chinese expression meaning to knock the forehead on the floor.kubô-sama, title applied by the people to the Shôgun, and meaning 'civil ruler';samais the equivalent of the French 'monsieur,' see p. 172.kumi-gashira, vice-governor.kurô, trouble, used in the sense of 'thank you.'kwambaku, Grand Vizier, see p. 152.kwanrei, administrator for the Shôgun, see p. 38.machi-kata, municipal officer.mae-daré, apron.metsuké, an official with no administrative functions, whose duty was to report, if necessary, on the proceedings of others, variously translated, see pp. 23, 122, 245, 272.Mikado, the ancient title of the Japanese sovereign.mikoshi, a god's litter carried in religious pageants.mirin, a sweet liquor brewed from rice.miso, a paste made from a bean calledko-mamé, andused chiefly in the preparation of soup.mochi, a cake made of glutinous rice.mokusa-muri, lacquered articles showing a sea-weed pattern.naga-bô, long pole, used to denote a palanquin with an extra long pole.nanko, name of a game, see p. 390.nanushi, mayor.Nippon, same as Nihon, the Japanese word which we have corrupted into Japan.nôshi, a noble's court dress.nô-yakusha, actor of the classical drama, see p. 397.ôbiroma, hall of audience.ohaguro, a dye composed of galls and sulphate of iron, used for staining the teeth.ohiruyasumi, midday rest;ois an honorific prefix.okoyasumi, a slight rest.oku-go-yû-hitsu, an official private secretary.ometsuké, seemetsuké;ois the honorific prefix.ô-metsuké, a chiefmetsuké, q.v.;ô, chief.onna-gochiso, an entertainment at which women were employed to amuse the guests.on-ye-riû, a Japanese style of running-hand script.o-shiro-jô-in, a hall in the Tycoon's palace inside the castle.o yasumi nasai, 'good-night,' literally 'be pleased to repose.'peggi, corruption of a Malay word, used in Japan in the sense of 'go away.'rambô-rôzéki, disturbance and violence, see p. 159.rei-hei-shi, name of an envoy sent by the Mikado to worship at the tomb of Iyéyasu at Nikkô.riô, a Japanese coin of account, formerly equivalent to about 1-1/3 Mexican dollar.riô-gaké, a pair of wicker-trunks for luggage, suspended from the opposite ends of a pole carried on the shoulder.rô-jiû, councillors of the Shôgun, see pp. 39 and 69.rônin, a run-away retainer of a baron, see p. 78.rusui, a person left in charge of an establishment during the absence of the owner or master.sakana, food taken with liquor; as it chiefly consists of fish, it is often used in the sense of 'fish' as a food.saké, a light liquor brewed from rice, mostly drunk mulled.sakuron, 'a political discussion,' see p. 300.samurai, a member of the military class, entitled to wear a pair of swords, a longer and a shorter one, the latter being an over-grown dirk.sanyo, councillor, see p. 297.sarampan, corruption of a Malay word used in Japan in the sense of 'break,' 'broken.'sazai, a shell-fish named Turbo cornutus; the shell also furnishes mother-of-pearl.sei-i-tai-Shôgun, the full title of the Tycoon or Shôgun, see p. 174.seishi, herald, harbinger.sengaré, a familiar word meaning son, and used only by the father in speaking of him.sessha, a self-depreciatory word used for the pronoun of the 1st person.shibori, a kind of crape resembling the Indian bandhanna.shibukami, thick paper rendered tough by being soaked in the juice of the unripe persimmon fruit.shinsen-gumi, a body of armedsamuraior two-sworded men, recently raised.shirabé-yaku, director in an administrative department.shishinden, name of the Emperor's hall of audience.shiro-in, private drawing-room.shisetsu, literally 'purple snow,' a patent medicine.shitaniro, down!Shôgun, thede factoruler of Japan when it was opened to foreign trade in 1859, see p. 33. By foreigners he was usually called 'the Tycoon,' which means 'great prince,' a title properly belonging to the sovereign. It seems to have been originally used in diplomatic correspondence with Korea; see also p. 163.sô-kwai-sho, municipal office.sôsai, chief minister, see p. 300.shugo-shoku, office of the guardian of the Mikado's person, see p. 295.shuku-yakunin, alderman of a posting-station.shussei, administrator, minister.tai, Serranus marginalis, sometimes called sea-bream.taikomochi, a professional jester.tatéba, a halfway tea-house between two posting-stations.tengu-ren, 'goblin-band,' name assumed by a society of seditious men of the military class.tenshi, the central tower rising from the keep of a castle.tensô, an official whose duty itwas to report to the Mikado the decisions of the Shôgun.tobayé, caricature.tokonoma, the shallow recess or alcove in a room, originally the bedplace; in front of it was the place of honour.Tô-kai-dô, properly speaking the row of provinces along the coast between Ozaka and Yedo, but also applied to the high road from Kiôto to Yedo.toso, a new-year's drink, see p. 409.tozama, descendants of barons who had submitted to the supremacy of Iyéyasu, see p. 36.tsutsushindé oru, used to express the retirement of a personage in order to signify his acknowledgment that he has committed an offence against his superior.Tycoon, see Shôgun.utai, the classical drama of Japan.wakizashi, the short sword or dirk worn alongside of the fighting sword by a member of the military class, and not laid aside within doors as the other is.wasabi, Eutrema wasabi, root of a plant belonging to the same order as horse-radish.yakata-buné, house-boat.yaku-biô, official indisposition.yakunin, official.yamato-nishiki, cotton brocade.yashiki, the hotel of a baron or lesser noble, also at trading centres the depôt for the sale of a baron's produce received as payment of rent or taxes in kind.Yedo, the original name of Tôkiô, the seat of government.yogi, large stuffed bed-gown, used as a coverlet.yônin, hereditary councillor of a baron, of lower rank thankarô, q.v.yû-geki-tai, literally 'brave fighting-men,' see p. 299.yukata, a cotton bathing-gown.zoku-miô, the name borne by a male child until adolescence.zôni, a soup eaten at New Year, see p. 409.
akéni, a wicker trunk for luggage.
anata, you.
arimasu, is, there is.
ashigaru, common soldier in the service of a baron.
awabi, rocksucker, a species of univalve shell-fish, haliotis japonicus, which furnishes also mother-of-pearl.
bai-shin, arrière vassal.
baku-fu, 'military power,' term applied to thede factogovernment by its adversaries. See p. 172.
betté, a member of the corps of guards enrolled for the protection of the foreign legations.
betté-gumi, the corps of guards, see betté.
bugiô, governor, commissioner.
cha-dai, present made to an innkeeper, which takes the place of tips to waiters and chamber-maids.
cha-no-yu, tea-drinking with an elaborate ceremonial.
chô-téki, rebel against the sovereign.
daimiô, baron, see p. 36.
denka, Highness.
doma, the pit in a theatre.
dôshin, constable.
fudai, lesser barons, vassals of the Tokugawa family, see p. 36.
gai-koku bugiô, commissioners for foreign affairs, corresponding to our Under-Secretaries of State.
gai-koku-gata, official of the department of foreign affairs.
gaimushô, ministry of foreign affairs.
Gautama, family name of the founder of Buddhism.
géba, notice to alight from horseback.
gei-sha, a female musician, employed at dinner-parties.
gijô, head of an administrative department, see p. 297 n.
gisô, a councillor acting as intermediary between the Mikado and the Tycoon, q.v.
go-ké-nin, an ordinary retainerof the Tokugawa family.
gorôjiû, the Shôgun's council, see p. 68.
goten, the palace of adaimiôor baron, as distinguished from his castle.
gun-kan, army-inspector.
hakama, a pair of wide trousers.
haori, a mantle.
harakiri, self-immolation by disembowelment, described at p. 344.
hatago, charge for entertainment at an inn.
hatamoto, name of lesser vassals of the Tokugawa family, see p. 36.
heika, Majesty.
hikido kago, a palanquin with sliding doors, see p. 206.
hiraketa, civilized.
homma da, it is true.
hommaru, keep of a castle.
honjin, literally 'headquarters,' mostly used for the official inn at a posting town.
hôren, phœnix-chariot, name given to the Mikado's state palanquin.
ichibu, a silver coin, value varying from 10d to 1s 8d, according to the rate of exchange.
inkio, applied to the retired head of a family, whether noble or commoner, see p. 174.
jimbaori, war-surcoat.
jingasa, war-hat.
jinketsu, a man of mark, cleverest man.
jinrikisha, vulgo 'rickshaw,' a light carriage for one person, drawn by a man.
jin-shin fu-ori-ai, unsettlement of the popular mind.
jô-dan, elevated floor.
jô-i, expulsion of barbarians.
jô-yaku, a chief clerk.
jû-bako, consisting of a pile of open boxes for holding food, the top one of which alone has a cover.
kago, a palanquin.
kaiseijo, government school for teaching European languages.
kai-shaku, 'best man' of one who is performingharakiri, q.v. p. 345.
kakké, dropsy of the lower limbs.
kakurô, unceremonious appellation of the Tycoon's Council, see p. 172.
kami, title corresponding to earl, baron, when following the name of a province, but after the name of a government department equivalent to minister.
kami, English 'sire.'
kami-shimo, costume consistingof hempen trousers and mantle, worn on occasions of ceremony.
kamon, a class of barons, see p. 36.
kan-tô, rebel, traitor.
kara-yô, the Chinese style of running-hand script.
kari-ginu, gala dress of a noble.
karô, the higher class of hereditary councillors of a baron.
katakana, a Japanese syllabary, corresponding to our Roman alphabet.
kenshi, an official inspector.
kerai, retainer of a baron.
kiki-yaku, agent for the sale of a baron's produce as rent paid in kind.
kin-ô, jô-i, honouring the sovereign and expelling barbarians.
kinsatsu, gold-note, paper-money so-called.
kinshin, voluntary self-confinement in expiation of an offence.
kiôgen, farce.
kiri-bô kago, a palanquin suspended from a pole of Paulownia wood.
kô-fuku, surrender.
koku, a measure, equal to about 5 bushels, used also as a measure of land assessment, see p. 36.
kokushi, a baron whose fief comprised one or more provinces.
kôtei, Emperor, the same as the Chinese term 'hwang-ti,' see p. 163.
ko-t'ou, Chinese expression meaning to knock the forehead on the floor.
kubô-sama, title applied by the people to the Shôgun, and meaning 'civil ruler';samais the equivalent of the French 'monsieur,' see p. 172.
kumi-gashira, vice-governor.
kurô, trouble, used in the sense of 'thank you.'
kwambaku, Grand Vizier, see p. 152.
kwanrei, administrator for the Shôgun, see p. 38.
machi-kata, municipal officer.
mae-daré, apron.
metsuké, an official with no administrative functions, whose duty was to report, if necessary, on the proceedings of others, variously translated, see pp. 23, 122, 245, 272.
Mikado, the ancient title of the Japanese sovereign.
mikoshi, a god's litter carried in religious pageants.
mirin, a sweet liquor brewed from rice.
miso, a paste made from a bean calledko-mamé, andused chiefly in the preparation of soup.
mochi, a cake made of glutinous rice.
mokusa-muri, lacquered articles showing a sea-weed pattern.
naga-bô, long pole, used to denote a palanquin with an extra long pole.
nanko, name of a game, see p. 390.
nanushi, mayor.
Nippon, same as Nihon, the Japanese word which we have corrupted into Japan.
nôshi, a noble's court dress.
nô-yakusha, actor of the classical drama, see p. 397.
ôbiroma, hall of audience.
ohaguro, a dye composed of galls and sulphate of iron, used for staining the teeth.
ohiruyasumi, midday rest;ois an honorific prefix.
okoyasumi, a slight rest.
oku-go-yû-hitsu, an official private secretary.
ometsuké, seemetsuké;ois the honorific prefix.
ô-metsuké, a chiefmetsuké, q.v.;ô, chief.
onna-gochiso, an entertainment at which women were employed to amuse the guests.
on-ye-riû, a Japanese style of running-hand script.
o-shiro-jô-in, a hall in the Tycoon's palace inside the castle.
o yasumi nasai, 'good-night,' literally 'be pleased to repose.'
peggi, corruption of a Malay word, used in Japan in the sense of 'go away.'
rambô-rôzéki, disturbance and violence, see p. 159.
rei-hei-shi, name of an envoy sent by the Mikado to worship at the tomb of Iyéyasu at Nikkô.
riô, a Japanese coin of account, formerly equivalent to about 1-1/3 Mexican dollar.
riô-gaké, a pair of wicker-trunks for luggage, suspended from the opposite ends of a pole carried on the shoulder.
rô-jiû, councillors of the Shôgun, see pp. 39 and 69.
rônin, a run-away retainer of a baron, see p. 78.
rusui, a person left in charge of an establishment during the absence of the owner or master.
sakana, food taken with liquor; as it chiefly consists of fish, it is often used in the sense of 'fish' as a food.
saké, a light liquor brewed from rice, mostly drunk mulled.
sakuron, 'a political discussion,' see p. 300.
samurai, a member of the military class, entitled to wear a pair of swords, a longer and a shorter one, the latter being an over-grown dirk.
sanyo, councillor, see p. 297.
sarampan, corruption of a Malay word used in Japan in the sense of 'break,' 'broken.'
sazai, a shell-fish named Turbo cornutus; the shell also furnishes mother-of-pearl.
sei-i-tai-Shôgun, the full title of the Tycoon or Shôgun, see p. 174.
seishi, herald, harbinger.
sengaré, a familiar word meaning son, and used only by the father in speaking of him.
sessha, a self-depreciatory word used for the pronoun of the 1st person.
shibori, a kind of crape resembling the Indian bandhanna.
shibukami, thick paper rendered tough by being soaked in the juice of the unripe persimmon fruit.
shinsen-gumi, a body of armedsamuraior two-sworded men, recently raised.
shirabé-yaku, director in an administrative department.
shishinden, name of the Emperor's hall of audience.
shiro-in, private drawing-room.
shisetsu, literally 'purple snow,' a patent medicine.
shitaniro, down!
Shôgun, thede factoruler of Japan when it was opened to foreign trade in 1859, see p. 33. By foreigners he was usually called 'the Tycoon,' which means 'great prince,' a title properly belonging to the sovereign. It seems to have been originally used in diplomatic correspondence with Korea; see also p. 163.
sô-kwai-sho, municipal office.
sôsai, chief minister, see p. 300.
shugo-shoku, office of the guardian of the Mikado's person, see p. 295.
shuku-yakunin, alderman of a posting-station.
shussei, administrator, minister.
tai, Serranus marginalis, sometimes called sea-bream.
taikomochi, a professional jester.
tatéba, a halfway tea-house between two posting-stations.
tengu-ren, 'goblin-band,' name assumed by a society of seditious men of the military class.
tenshi, the central tower rising from the keep of a castle.
tensô, an official whose duty itwas to report to the Mikado the decisions of the Shôgun.
tobayé, caricature.
tokonoma, the shallow recess or alcove in a room, originally the bedplace; in front of it was the place of honour.
Tô-kai-dô, properly speaking the row of provinces along the coast between Ozaka and Yedo, but also applied to the high road from Kiôto to Yedo.
toso, a new-year's drink, see p. 409.
tozama, descendants of barons who had submitted to the supremacy of Iyéyasu, see p. 36.
tsutsushindé oru, used to express the retirement of a personage in order to signify his acknowledgment that he has committed an offence against his superior.
Tycoon, see Shôgun.
utai, the classical drama of Japan.
wakizashi, the short sword or dirk worn alongside of the fighting sword by a member of the military class, and not laid aside within doors as the other is.
wasabi, Eutrema wasabi, root of a plant belonging to the same order as horse-radish.
yakata-buné, house-boat.
yaku-biô, official indisposition.
yakunin, official.
yamato-nishiki, cotton brocade.
yashiki, the hotel of a baron or lesser noble, also at trading centres the depôt for the sale of a baron's produce received as payment of rent or taxes in kind.
Yedo, the original name of Tôkiô, the seat of government.
yogi, large stuffed bed-gown, used as a coverlet.
yônin, hereditary councillor of a baron, of lower rank thankarô, q.v.
yû-geki-tai, literally 'brave fighting-men,' see p. 299.
yukata, a cotton bathing-gown.
zoku-miô, the name borne by a male child until adolescence.
zôni, a soup eaten at New Year, see p. 409.