Chapter 4

F I N I S.

F I N I S.

Footnotes:

[1]See the Dedication.

[2]VideHuet. De rebus ad eum pertinentibus,pag.23.

[3]Observations sur la Peste de Marseille, p. 38, 39, 40.

[4]Ibid.p.113.

[5]Vid.Philos. Transactions No. 370.

[6]Le Journal des Sçavans, 1722.pag.279.

[7]Vid.Dissertation sur la Contagion de la Peste. A Toulouse 1724.

[8]Vid.Mechanical Account of Poisons,pag.24.

[9]Vid. Philos. Trans. No. 372.

[10]Vid.Lettre de MessieursLe MoineetBailly.

[11]Astruc, Dissertation sur la Contagion de la Peste. A Toulouse, 1724. 8o.

[12]DiemerbroekDe Peste,p.120.

[13]In these Words,Where it can be done.

[14]Vid.theGazettesof the Years 1665.and1666.

[15]Celsus de Medic. in Praesat. Morbos ad iram deorum immortalium relatos esse, et ab iisdem opem posci solitam.

[16]Libr. De morbo sacro; et libr. De aëre, locis, et aquis.

[17]Observat. et Reflex, touchant la Nature, etc. de la Peste de Marseilles, pag. 47. et suiv.

[18]Journal de la Contagion à Marseilles, pag. 6.

[19]Lib. 2.Ὅτι ἕτερος ἀφ᾿ ἑτέρου, θεραπείας ἀναπιμπλάμενοι,ὥσπερ τὰ πρόβατα ἔθνησκον· καὶ τὸν πλεῖστον φθόρον τοῦτο ἐνεποίει· εἴτε γὰρ μὴθέλοιεν δεδιότες ἀλλήλοις προσιέναι, ἀπώλλυντο ἔρημοι, καὶ οἰκίαι πολλαὶ ἐκενώθησαν ἀπορίᾳ τοῦ θεραπεύσαντος·εἴτε προσίοιεν, διεφθείροντο, καὶ μάλιστα οἱ ἀρετῆς τι μεταποιούμενοι. The beginning of this Passage, as it here stands, though it is found thus in all the Editions ofThucydides, is certainly faulty,θεραπείας ἀναπιμπλάμενοιbeing no good Sense. The Sentence I shall presently cite fromAristotleshews that this may be rectified only by removing the Comma afterἑτέρου, and placing it afterθεραπείας, forπροσαναπίμπλημιinAristotleabsolutely used signifiesto infect. With this Correction, the Sense of the Place will be as follows:The People took Infection by their Attendance on each other, dying like Folds of Sheep. And this Effect of the Disease was the principal Cause of the great Mortality: for either the Sick were left destitute, their Friends fearing to approach them, by which means Multitudes of Families perished without Assistance; or they infected those who relieved them, and especially such, whom a Sense of Virtue and Honour obliged most to their Duty.

The Sense here ascribed to the wordἀναπίμπλημιis confirmed yet more fully by a Passage inLivy, where he describes the Infection attending a Plague or Camp Fever, which infested the Armies of theCarthaginiansandRomansat the Siege ofSyracuse, in such words, as shew him to have had this Passage ofThucydidesin view; for he says,aut neglecti desertique, qui incidissent, morerentur; aut assidentes curantesque eadem vi morbi repletos secum traherent. Lib. xxv. c. 26.

[20]L. 6. â„£. 1234.

——nullo cessabant tempore apisciEx aliis alios avidi contagia morbi.

Et â„£. 1241.

Qui fuerant autem praesto, Contagibus ibant.

[21]Sect.I.Διὰτί ποτε ὁ λοιμὸς μόνη τῶν νόσων μάλιστα τους πλησιάζοντας τοῖς θεραπευομένοις προσαναπίμπλησι;

[22]Περὶ διαφορᾶς πυρετῶν, βιβ. αʹ.

[23]De Peste, c. iv. annot. 6.

[24]Evagrii Histor. Eccles. l. iv. c. 29.

[25]Gastaldi De avertenda et profliganda Peste, p. 117.

[26]Ibid. p. 118.

[27]Ibid. p. 117.

[28]See Bills of Mortality for the Year 1665.

[29]The Sweating Sickness.

[30]Nat. Hist. l. vii. c. 50.

[31]Histor. l. ii.

[32]Histor. Ecclesiast. l. iv. c. 29.

[33]De Bello Persico, l. ii. c. 22.

[34]Vid. Hodges De Peste.

[35]Vid. Istorie di Matteo Villanni, l. I. c. 2.

[36]Mezeray Hist. de France, Tom. i. p. 798.

[37]Villani, loco citato.

[38]Vid. Huet. Histoire du Commerce des Anciens, p. 88.

[39]Relation Historique de tout ce qui s’est passé à Marseille pendant la derniere Peste.

[40]Vid. Serv. Comment. in Virgil. Æneid, l. iii. ℣. 57.

[41]This was a kind ofExpiatory Sacrifice, as theScape-Goatamong the Jews,Levit.xvi. And the Wretches thus devoted to dye for the Sins of the People were calledΚαθάρματα,Purgations. Vid. Aristophan. in Plut. ver. 454. et in Equit. ver. 1133. et Scholiast. ibid.Suidasadds that when the Sacrificed Person was cast into the Water, these Words were pronounced,Περίψημα ἡμῶν γενοῦ,Be thou our Cleansing. And I observe, by the by, that the ApostlePaul, 1Corinth.iv. 13. alluding very probably to this wicked Custom, makes use of both these Words, where speaking of himself in the plural number, he says,Ὡς περικαθάρματα τοῦ κόσμου ἐγενήθημεν, πάντων περίψημα; for some of the best MSS. instead ofΩς περικαθάρματα, readὥσπερ, orὡσπερεὶ καθάρματα; that is,We have been looked upon as Wretches fit only to be Sacrificed for the Public good, and cast out of the World by way of Attonement for the Sins of the whole Society.

[42]Vid. Le Brun Voyage au Levant, c. 38.

[43]Vid. Ludolf. Histor. Æthiop. lib. i. c. 13. et D. August. De civitat. Dei, lib. iii. c. ult.

[44]Vid. Ludolf. Histor. Æthiop. lib. i. c. 5. et Comment.

[45]J. Leo Hist. Afric. lib. i.

[46]Lib. vi. â„£ 1100.

[47]Rhas. et Avicen.

[48]Essay on Poysons, p. 178.

[49]Cicero de Nat. Deor. lib. i. § 36. speaking of these Birds, says:Avertunt Pestem ab Aegypto, cum volucres angues ex vastitate Libyae vento Africo invectas interficiunt atque consumunt; ex quo fit ut illae nec morsu vivae noceant, nec odore mortuae.

[50]Newton’s Optics, Qu. 18 to 24.

[51]Gastaldi, De Peste, p. 116.

[52]Journal de ce qui s’est passé à Marseilles,etc.

[53]Vid. The London Gazette, July 23, 1743.

[54]Kircher, Langius,&c.

[55]Toulon, Traité de la Peste.

[56]Hippocr.Epid. l. iii. ThatHippocratesdescribes here the Constitution of Air accompanying the truePlague, contrary to what some have thought,Galentestifies in his Comment upon this Place, in libr. De Temper. l. i. c. 4. and in lib. De differentiis Febr. lib. i. c. 4.

[57]Vid.Mercurial.Prælect. De Pestilent.

[58]Notitia Eccles. Diniensis.

[59]Histor. lib. lxii.

[60]Sydenham De Peste.

[61]Vid. Caium, De Febr. Ephemer. Britan. and LordBacon’s History ofHenryVII.

[62]Pag. 162. Edit. Lovan.

[63]Vid. Rondinelli Contagio in Firenze, et Summonte Histor. di Napoli.

[64]LordHerbert’s History ofHenryVIII.

[65]Thuani Histor. lib. 5.

[66]LordVerulam’s History ofHenryVII.

[67]Vide Sydenham, De Peste, An. 1665.

[68]Boccaccio Decameron. Giornat. prim.

[69]De Contagione, l. iii. c. 7.

[70]Observat. l. vi. Schol. ad Observ. 22.

[71]Diemerbroeck, De Peste, l. 1. c. 4.

[72]Memorials presented by the Deputies of the Council of Trade, inFrance, to the Royal Council, Pag. 44 and 45.

[73]Alex. Benedict. De Peste, cap. 3.

[74]In a Paper of Advice against thePlague, laid before the King and Council by SirTheod. Mayernein the Year 1631.MS.

[75]Hodges, De Peste.

[76]Vid.Directions for the Cure of thePlagueby theCollegeofPhysicians;and Orders by theLord MayorandAldermenofLondon,published1665.

[77]Vid. a Journal of the Plague in 1665. by a Citizen. London, 1722.

[78]Discourse upon the Air, byTho. Cock.

[79]Vid. The shutting up Houses soberly debated,Anno1665.

[80]Muratori governo della Peste, lib.I.c. 5.

[81]Cardin. Gastaldi, De avertendâ Peste, c. 10.

[82]Journal de ce qui s’est passé à Marseilles, &c. p. 9, 10, 11.

[83]De Pestilent. cap. 21.

[84]Camden. Annal. Regin. Elizab.

[85]LordVerulam, Natural History, Cent. 10. Num. 194.

[86]Plutarch lib. de Isid. et Osir.

[87]De Peste, c. 22.

[88]Hodges, De Peste, pag. 24.

[89]Journal de la Peste de Marseilles, pag. 19. et Relation Historique de tout ce qui s’est passé à Marseilles pendant la derniere Peste, pag. 77.

[90]Rhazes, De re Medica, lib. 4. c. 24. & Avicenn. Can. Med. lib. 4. c. 1.

[91]Gaudereau Relation des Especes de la Peste que reconnoissent les Orientaux.

[92]Mech. Account of Poisons, Essay III.

[93]Notitia Ecclesiae Diniensis.

[94]Vid. Observ. et Reflex. sur la Peste de Marseilles, p. 333.

Transcriber’s Notes:

Long “s” has been modernized.

Greek ligatures have been expanded to individual letters.

Greek variants for single letters have been modernized.

Other than the corrections noted by hover information, inconsistencies in spelling and hyphenation have been retained from the original.

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