N.faíhuG.[faíháus]D.faíháuA.faíhu
Note 1.Alsogairu,sting, is n. It occurs only in the nom. sg. (II. Cor. XII, 7 in A, as a gloss tohnûþô).—The sb.leiþu,fruit-wine, probably belongs here too; only the acc. sg.leiþuoccurs (Lu. I, 15); cp. Gallée (§ 223, n. 1), I, p. 38.—The acc. sg.sihu, a gloss to the neutersigis,victory, in Cod. B I. Cor. XV, 57, is probably miswritn forsigu(because theiinsihuwould hav becumaí) which may also belong to a masculin (nom. sg.*sigus= OHG. sigu). But cp. J. Schmidt, 'Idg. Neutra', 153.Note 2.The gen.faíháushas been inferd from the m. (f.) and from the adv. gen.filaus(§ 131, n. 3).
Note 1.Alsogairu,sting, is n. It occurs only in the nom. sg. (II. Cor. XII, 7 in A, as a gloss tohnûþô).—The sb.leiþu,fruit-wine, probably belongs here too; only the acc. sg.leiþuoccurs (Lu. I, 15); cp. Gallée (§ 223, n. 1), I, p. 38.—The acc. sg.sihu, a gloss to the neutersigis,victory, in Cod. B I. Cor. XV, 57, is probably miswritn forsigu(because theiinsihuwould hav becumaí) which may also belong to a masculin (nom. sg.*sigus= OHG. sigu). But cp. J. Schmidt, 'Idg. Neutra', 153.
Note 2.The gen.faíháushas been inferd from the m. (f.) and from the adv. gen.filaus(§ 131, n. 3).
§107. Paradim:guma,man.
Sing.N.gumaPlur.N.gumansG.guminsG.gumanêD.guminD.gumamA.gumanA.gumans
§108. Likegumainflect a great many masculins; e. g.,staua,judge;hana,cock;skula,detter;mêna,moon;atta,father;ahma,spirit;blôma,flower;milhma,cloud;hliuma,hearing;weiha,priest;swaíhra,father-in-law;magula,litl boy; pl.brôþrahans,brothers(J. Schmidt, 'Idg. Neutra', 16); —bandja,prisoner;haúrnja,trumpeter;fiskja,fisher;timrja,carpenter;arbja,heir;wilja,wil;manamaúrþrja,(man-)murderer;waúrstwja,workman.
Note 1.aba,man, has the gen. pl.abnê, dat. pl.abnam; ofaúhsa,ox, occurs the gen. pl.aúhsnê. Cp. the neuters in§ 110, n. 1. Onse (I. Cor. IX, 9) we meet with the acc. pl.aúhsununswhich either stands foraúhsuns(according to§ 80, n. 1; cp. Anz. fda. 6, 120) or foraúhsnuns(Beitr., 8, 115; 12, 543; Brgm., I, 203).Note 2.The long stems in-jado not contract thejiof the gen. and dat. sg. intoei(s.§ 44, n. 1); hense,bandja, gen.bandjins, dat.bandjin.
Note 1.aba,man, has the gen. pl.abnê, dat. pl.abnam; ofaúhsa,ox, occurs the gen. pl.aúhsnê. Cp. the neuters in§ 110, n. 1. Onse (I. Cor. IX, 9) we meet with the acc. pl.aúhsununswhich either stands foraúhsuns(according to§ 80, n. 1; cp. Anz. fda. 6, 120) or foraúhsnuns(Beitr., 8, 115; 12, 543; Brgm., I, 203).
Note 2.The long stems in-jado not contract thejiof the gen. and dat. sg. intoei(s.§ 44, n. 1); hense,bandja, gen.bandjins, dat.bandjin.
§109. Paradim:haírtô,hart.
Sing.N.haírtôPlur.N.haírtônaG.haírtinsG.haírtanêD.haírtinD.haírtamA.haírtôA.haírtôna
§110. Likehaírtôinflect but few substantivs:augô,ey;ausô,ear;barnilô,litl child;auga-daúrô,window;þaírkô,hole,ear of a needl;kaúrnô,corn;sigljô,seal. Cp. J. Schmidt, 'Indog. Neutra', 106 et seq.
Also the weak adjectivs (§ 132).
Note 1.Irregular forms occur in the pl. of the neutersnamô,name, andwatô,water. The sg. inflects likehaírtô. Paradim:Sing.N.namôG.naminsD.naminA.namôPlur.N.namnaG.namnêD.namnamA.namna.The pl. ofwatôoccurs only in the dat.watnam. Cp.§ 108, n. 1.Note 2.To the dat. sg.sunninwhich occurs (twice) in the frase:at sunnin urrinnandin(Mk. IV, 6. XVI, 2), belongs perhaps a neutersunnô(not a m.sunna), beside the f.sunnô,sun(§ 112).—Cp. Mahlow, 'Die langen vocale a, e, o', p. 156, and Sievers' comments on this in the appendix to the 3d G. edition of this grammar.Note 3.The wordgajukôwhich was formerly regarded as n., is f., 'a female cumpanion'. Cp. Bernhardt's 'Vulfila', comment on Phil. IV, 3.
Note 1.Irregular forms occur in the pl. of the neutersnamô,name, andwatô,water. The sg. inflects likehaírtô. Paradim:
Sing.N.namôG.naminsD.naminA.namôPlur.N.namnaG.namnêD.namnamA.namna.
The pl. ofwatôoccurs only in the dat.watnam. Cp.§ 108, n. 1.
Note 2.To the dat. sg.sunninwhich occurs (twice) in the frase:at sunnin urrinnandin(Mk. IV, 6. XVI, 2), belongs perhaps a neutersunnô(not a m.sunna), beside the f.sunnô,sun(§ 112).—Cp. Mahlow, 'Die langen vocale a, e, o', p. 156, and Sievers' comments on this in the appendix to the 3d G. edition of this grammar.
Note 3.The wordgajukôwhich was formerly regarded as n., is f., 'a female cumpanion'. Cp. Bernhardt's 'Vulfila', comment on Phil. IV, 3.
§111. The feminins of then-declension ar divided into two classes: stems in-ôn-and-ein-. Their inflection is the same. Paradims:tuggô,tung;managei,multitude.
Sing.N.tuggômanageiG.tuggônsmanageinsD.tuggônmanageinA.tuggônmanageinPlur.N.tuggônsmanageinsG.tuggônômanageinôD.tuggômmanageimA.tuggônsmanageins
§112. Liketuggôinflect many substantivs; as,qinô,woman,wife;ûhtwô,dawn;swaíhrô,mother-in-law;azgô,ashes;gatwô,street;staírnô,star;wikô,week;sunnô,sun(cp.§ 110, n. 2); —arbjô,heiress;brunjô,brestplate;tainjô,basket;niþjô,female cuzin;raþjô,account.
Note 1.Also the feminins of the weak adjectivs inflect liketuggô(§ 132).
Note 1.Also the feminins of the weak adjectivs inflect liketuggô(§ 132).
§113. Nearly all substantivs inflecting likemanageiar derived from adjectivs. Such an abstract in-eimay be formd from every adjectiv, hense the great number of these words; e. g.,diupei,depth;laggei,length;bleiþei,mercy;mikilei,greatness;braidei,bredth;frôdei,wisdom;hardu-haírtei,hard-hartedness;drugkanei,drunkenness; sum can not be referd to corresponding adjs., but they likewise denote a state; e. g.,þaúrstei,thirst;magaþei,maidenhood. But very few hav a concrete meaning; as,aiþei,mother;þramstei,locust;kilþei,womb;marei,sea;ƕaírnei,skul.
Note 1.There is a close resemblance between adjectival abstracts in-eiand the verbal abstracts in-eins(cp.§ 103, n. 1); e. g.,háuhei,height( Note 1.There is a close resemblance between adjectival abstracts in-eiand the verbal abstracts in-eins(cp.§ 103, n. 1); e. g.,háuhei,height( In one case there is confusion. In Jo. X, 33 we meet with a gen. sg.wajamêreins(nom.wajamêreins,blasfemy) from which it is customary to
infer a nom.wajamêrei, tho in its meaning such a form is impossibl. Note 2.In Cod. B. three nominativs sg. in-einar found:liuhadein,illumination; II. Cor. IV, 4 (liuhadeinsin A; comp. this passage in Bernhardt's
'Vulfila');wiljahalþein,favor; Col. III, 25 (wanting in A);gagudein,piety; I. Tim. IV, 8 (gagudeiin A). Note 3.The comparativs, the superlativs in-ma, and the prs. participls
form their feminin likemanagei(cp.§ 132, n. 4). §114. Nouns in-rdenoting relationship. The wordsbrôþar,brother;daúhtar,daughter;swistar,sister;fadar,father, hav replaced their old consonantal inflection in the
nom., acc., and dat. pl. with the forms of theu-declension
(§ 104). Paradim: Sing.N.brôþarPlur.brôþrjusG.brôþrsbrôþrêD.brôþrbrôþrumA.brôþarbrôþruns Note.Cp. the cpd.brôþru-lubô,brotherly luv(§ 88^a, n. 3;§ 210, n. 1). Note.Cp. the cpd.brôþru-lubô,brotherly luv(§ 88^a, n. 3;§ 210, n. 1). §115. The present participls in Gothic inflect like weak
adjectivs (§ 133). An older (substantival) inflection, however,
persists with sum participls uzed substantivly. Paradim:nasjands,savior. Sing.N.nasjandsPlur.nasjandsG.nasjandisnasjandêD.nasjandnasjandamA.nasjandnasjandsV.nasjand— Furthermore:fijands,fiend;frijônds,frend(>frijôndi,§ 98),daupjands,the Baptist;mêrjands,preacher;bisitands,neighbor;talzjands,teacher;-waldands,ruler(all-w.,the
Almighty;garda-w.,master of the house);fraweitands,avenger;fraujinônds,ruler;midumônds,mediator;gibands,giver. Cp. Zs. fdph., 5, 315. §116.A number of femininsfollowing in sum cases
thei-decl. (ansts,§ 102) appear in others as short forms
which ar remains of an old consonantal inflection. Paradim:baúrgs, (burg),town,city. Sing.N.baúrgsPlur.N.baúrgsG.baúrgsG.baúrgêD.baúrgD.baúrgimA.baúrgA.baúrgs Likebaúrgsinflect alsoalhs,templ;spaúrds,race-course;brusts,brest;dulþs,feast;waíhts,thing;miluks,milk;mitaþs(d),mezure. The wordnahts,night, inflects in the sg. likebaúrgs,
in the pl. only the dat.nahtamis found. Cp.nahta-mats,§ 88a, n. 3. Note 1.waíhtsanddulþschiefly follow thei-declension; hense, g. sg.waíhtais,dulþais. According to the cons. declension occur onse each the
dat. sg.dulþand acc. pl.waíhts. Besidewaíhtsthere is a n. nom. sg.waíhtin the combinationni-waíht,nothing. Note 1.waíhtsanddulþschiefly follow thei-declension; hense, g. sg.waíhtais,dulþais. According to the cons. declension occur onse each the
dat. sg.dulþand acc. pl.waíhts. Besidewaíhtsthere is a n. nom. sg.waíhtin the combinationni-waíht,nothing. §117. Masculins with short (consonantal) cases:manna,man;mênôþs,month;reiks,ruler;weitwôds,witness(cp.§ 74, n. 2). But in point of inflection they ar not fully alike. (1)mannafollows in sum cases then-decl. (guma,§ 107).
These cases ar here put in Italics: Sing.N.mannaPlur.N.mans,mannansG.mansG.mannêD.mannD.mannamA.mannanA.mans,mannans Note 1.Tomannabelongs the cpd.*alamans(all men), found in the
dat. pl.alamannam(Skeir.) only; also the neutergaman(cumpanion,
cumpany) which inflects, however, in all the extant forms (nom. acc. sg.gaman, dat. sg.gamana, dat. pl.gamanam) precisely likewaúrd(§ 93).Note 2.In composition the stemmana-(man-) appears; s.§ 88a, n. 3. Note 1.Tomannabelongs the cpd.*alamans(all men), found in the
dat. pl.alamannam(Skeir.) only; also the neutergaman(cumpanion,
cumpany) which inflects, however, in all the extant forms (nom. acc. sg.gaman, dat. sg.gamana, dat. pl.gamanam) precisely likewaúrd(§ 93). Note 2.In composition the stemmana-(man-) appears; s.§ 88a, n. 3. (2)mênôþsandreiksfollow in the g. sg. thea-decl.:mênôþis,reikis, but in the dat. sg. the short formsmênôþandreik(Eph. II, 2) occur. In the nom. acc. pl. the short
formsmênôþsandreiksar uzed; gen. pl.reikê. In the dat.
pl.mênôþum, butreikam.—Beside the nom. sg.weitwôdsthere occur the acc. sg.weitwôdand the g. pl.weitwôdê. Note 3.The g. sg.mênôþis(Neh. VI, 15) is not quite certain; Löbe
redmênôþs.Note 4.Here belongs also the nom.bajôþs, dat.bajôþum,both(s.§ 140, n. 1). Note 3.The g. sg.mênôþis(Neh. VI, 15) is not quite certain; Löbe
redmênôþs. Note 4.Here belongs also the nom.bajôþs, dat.bajôþum,both(s.§ 140, n. 1). §118. The neuterfôn,fire, has this form in the nom.
acc. sg., butfuninsin the gen., andfuninin the dat.—No
plural occurs. Cp.§ 12, n. 3. Note 1.Concerning the neuter genitivsguþsandhatis, s.§ 94, n. 3,
and§ 94, n. 5, respectivly. Note 1.Concerning the neuter genitivsguþsandhatis, s.§ 94, n. 3,
and§ 94, n. 5, respectivly. §119. A number of foren words from the Latin and
Greek wer fully adopted into the Gothic language thru
commercial and political intercourse, so that their inflection
is the same as that of purely Gothic words; e. g.,pund, n.,pound;marikreitus, m.,perl;Krêks, m.,Greek;karkara,
f., 'carcer';alêw, n.,oil;kaisar, m.,Cæsar. §120. A second portion of foren words wer at a later
period forced on the Gothic language by Christianity and
especially by the version of the Bible. To these belong for
the most part proper nouns which ar stil felt to be foren
elements and hav but imperfectly adopted the Gothic inflection.
For their treatment in Gothic no fixt rules can be
givn. Sumtimes they retain their Greek inflection, sumtimes
they take either similar or arbitrarily formd case-endings.—Cp.
Bernhardt's 'Vulfila', p. XXVIII, and especially M. H.
Jellinek, 'Beitr. zur erklärung der german. flexion' (Berlin
1891), pp. 76-84. Note 1.Most consistent is the treatment of the Gr. masculins in -ος,
Lt. -us, which inflect in Gothic according to theu-decl. (§§ 104,105); e. g.,Paítrus,Barþaúlaúmaius,Teitus,aípiskaúpus, ἐπίσκοπος;apaústaúlus,
ἀπόστολος;aggilus, ἄγγελος;sabbatus,sabbath. But only in the sg. pl.
forms follow mostly thei-decl.; e. g.,apaústaúleis,sabbatins,aggileis,aggilêbesideaggiljus.Note 2.Greek case-endings ar retaind in the neutersalabalstraún,
ἀλάβαστρον;praitôriaún, πραιτώριον, etc.;Israêleitêshas the nom. pl.Israêleitai= Ἰσραηλῖται; Rom. IX, 4; or (with Gothic inflection)Israêleiteis;
II. Cor. XI, 22.Note 3.The following exampl may illustrate arbitrary inflection. The
Gr. ἐπιστολή is represented in Goth. byaípistaúlê(nom. sg.). But the dat.
sg. isaípistaúlein, the dat. pl.aípistaúlêm, and the acc. pl.aípistaúlans. Note 1.Most consistent is the treatment of the Gr. masculins in -ος,
Lt. -us, which inflect in Gothic according to theu-decl. (§§ 104,105); e. g.,Paítrus,Barþaúlaúmaius,Teitus,aípiskaúpus, ἐπίσκοπος;apaústaúlus,
ἀπόστολος;aggilus, ἄγγελος;sabbatus,sabbath. But only in the sg. pl.
forms follow mostly thei-decl.; e. g.,apaústaúleis,sabbatins,aggileis,aggilêbesideaggiljus. Note 2.Greek case-endings ar retaind in the neutersalabalstraún,
ἀλάβαστρον;praitôriaún, πραιτώριον, etc.;Israêleitêshas the nom. pl.Israêleitai= Ἰσραηλῖται; Rom. IX, 4; or (with Gothic inflection)Israêleiteis;
II. Cor. XI, 22. Note 3.The following exampl may illustrate arbitrary inflection. The
Gr. ἐπιστολή is represented in Goth. byaípistaúlê(nom. sg.). But the dat.
sg. isaípistaúlein, the dat. pl.aípistaúlêm, and the acc. pl.aípistaúlans.
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