Chapter 12

The black type indicates extinct or fossil species. The names of species peculiar to a certain area are printed in ordinary type, and those which are common to two or more areas are indicated by italics.

A.PALÆARCTIC REGION.

A1.ARCTIC SUB-REGION.

A2.EURASIAN SUB-REGION.

A2.α. EUROPEAN PROVINCE.

The following species formerly existed in the Province:—

LEMUROIDEA.1.Michrochærus antiquus.2.M. erinaceus.3.M. edwardsi.4.M. parvulus.5.M. zitteli.6.M. armatus.7.M. (Cryptopithecus) siderolithicus.8.Plesiadapis remensis.9.P. gervaisi.10.P. tournesarti.11.P. daubrei.12.Protoadapis crassicuspidens.13.P. recticuspidens.14.Adapis parisiensis.15.A. lemuroides.16.A. magna.17.A. augustidens.18.A. minor.19.Pelycodus helveticus.20.Hyopsodus jurensis.ANTHROPOIDEA.1.Macacus priscus.2.M. pliocenus.3.M. suevicus.4.Dolichopithecus ruscinensis.5.Colobus grandævus.6.Pliopithecus antiquus.7.P. chantrei.8.Hylobates sp.9.Dryopithecus fontani.

LEMUROIDEA.

1.Michrochærus antiquus.2.M. erinaceus.3.M. edwardsi.4.M. parvulus.5.M. zitteli.6.M. armatus.7.M. (Cryptopithecus) siderolithicus.8.Plesiadapis remensis.9.P. gervaisi.10.P. tournesarti.11.P. daubrei.12.Protoadapis crassicuspidens.13.P. recticuspidens.14.Adapis parisiensis.15.A. lemuroides.16.A. magna.17.A. augustidens.18.A. minor.19.Pelycodus helveticus.20.Hyopsodus jurensis.

ANTHROPOIDEA.

1.Macacus priscus.2.M. pliocenus.3.M. suevicus.4.Dolichopithecus ruscinensis.5.Colobus grandævus.6.Pliopithecus antiquus.7.P. chantrei.8.Hylobates sp.9.Dryopithecus fontani.

A2.β. EAST SIBERIAN PROVINCE.

A3.MANCHURIAN SUB-REGION.

In this Sub-region the following species are found at the present day:—

1. Macacus fuscatus. 2. M. tcheliensis.

A4.MEDITERRANEO-ASIATIC SUB-REGION.

A4.α. MEDITERRANEAN PROVINCE.

The following species are characteristic of this Province:—

1.Papio atlanticus.2.Oreopithecus bambolii.3. Macacus inuus (living and fossil). 4.M. florentinus.5.M. trarensis.6.Mesopithecus pentelici.7.Semnopithecus monspessulanus.

A4.β. MEDITERRANEO-PERSIC PROVINCE.

A4.γ. MONGOLIAN PROVINCE.

B.ETHIOPIAN REGION.

B1.SAHARAN SUB-REGION.

B2.SOUDANESE SUB-REGION.

In this Sub-region the following species appear to be found:—

1.Galago senegalensis.2.G. demidoffi.3.Papio maimon.4.P. babuin.5.P. sphinx.6.P. hamadryas.7.Cercopithecus sabæus.8. C. neglectus. 9. C. patas. 10. C. pyrrhonotus.

B3.WEST AFRICAN SUB-REGION.

In this Sub-region the following species occur:—

1. Perodicticus calabarensis. 2. P. potto. 3. Galago alleni. 4.G. demidoffi.5. G. monteiri. 6.Papio maimon.7. P. leucophæus. 8.P. babuin.9. P. anubis. 10.P. sphinx.11. Cercocebus fuliginosus. 12. C. æthiops. 13. C. albigena. 14. C. aterrimus. 15. Cercopithecus petaurista. 16. C. signatus. 17. C. erythrogaster. 18. C. buettikoferi. 19. C. martini. 20. C. ludio. 21. C. melanogenys. 22. C. nictitans. 23. C. stampflii. 24. C. erythrotis. 25. C. cephus. 26. C. cynosurus. 27. C. callitrichus. 28. C. mona. 29.C. albigularis.30. C. campbelli. 31.C. leucampyx.32. C. grayi. 33. C. pogonias. 34. C. diana. 35. C. palatinus. 36. C. brazzæ. 37. C. talapoin. 38. C. nigripes. 39. C. wolfi. 40. Colobus verus. 41. C. ferrugineus. 42. C. satanas. 43. C. ursinus. 44. C. vellerosus. [?45.C. angolensis.] 46.C. guereza.47. Gorilla gorilla. 48. Anthropopithecus niger. 49. A. calvus.

B4.ABYSSINIAN SUB-REGION.

This Sub-region is the habitat of the following species:—

1. Papio doguera. 2.P. babuin.3. P. thoth. 4.P. hamadryas.5. Theropithecus gelada. 6. T. obscurus. 7.Cercopithecus sabæus.8. C. boutourlini. 9.Colobus guereza.

B5.EAST AFRICAN SUB-REGION.

In this Sub-region occur the following species:—

1.Galago senegalensis.2. G. garnetti. 3.G. crassicaudata.4.Papio babuin.5. P. ibeanus. 6.P. sphinx.7. P. langheldi. 8. Cercocebus galeritus. 9. Cercopithecus rufo-viridis. 10. C. schmidti. 11.C. albigularis.12.C. pygerythrus.13. C. ochraceus. 14. C. stairsi. 15. C. moloneyi. 16.C. leucampyx.17. Colobus rufo-mitratus. 18. C. kirki. 19. C. angolensis. 20.C. guereza.21.C. caudatus.

B6.SOUTH-AFRICAN SUB-REGION.

α. CAPE PROVINCE.

The following species inhabit this Province:—

1. Papio porcarius;Cercopithecus pygerythrus.

β. NATALESE PROVINCE.

The following species occur within this Province:—

1.Galago senegalensis.2.G. crassicaudata.3.Cercopithecus pygerythrus.4.C. albigularis.5.C. samango.

B7.CAMERONIAN SUB-REGION.

In this Sub-region the following species occur:—

1.Cercopithecus albigularis.2.Colobus caudatus.

B8.LEMURIAN SUB-REGION.

The following species are peculiar to this Sub-region:—

1. Chiromys madagascariensis; Chirogale, 4 species; Microcebus, 4 species; Opolemur, 2 species; Lemur, 8 species;Megaladapis madagascariensis;Gen. ined.; Mixocebus caniceps; Hapalemur, 2 species, Lepidolemur, 7 species; Avahis laniger; Propithecus, 3 species; Indris brevicaudatus.

C.INDIAN REGION.

C1.INDIAN-PENINSULAR SUB-REGION.

The following species are characteristic of this Sub-region:—

1. Loris gracilis. 2.Papio sub-himalayanus.3.P. falconeri.4.Macacus rhesus.5. M. pileatus. 6. M. sinicus. 7.M. sivalensis.8. Semnopithecus entellus.[4]9. S. priamus. 10. S. hypoleucus. 11. S. cephalopterus. 12.S. palæindicus.

C2.INDO-MALAYAN SUB-REGION.

Plate XLIV.III. MAP,Showing the distribution of the FamilyChiromyidæ, and of the Sub-familiesLemurinæandIndrisinæ(Blue), and of theLorisinæ(Red) of theLemuridæ.

III. MAP,Showing the distribution of the FamilyChiromyidæ, and of the Sub-familiesLemurinæandIndrisinæ(Blue), and of theLorisinæ(Red) of theLemuridæ.

Plate XLV.IV. MAP,Showing the distribution of Living (Blue) and Fossil (Red)Anthropoidea.

IV. MAP,Showing the distribution of Living (Blue) and Fossil (Red)Anthropoidea.

The following species are found in this Sub-region:—

1. Tarsius tarsius. 2.T. fuscus.3.Nycticebus tardigradus.4. Macacus rufescens. 5. M. nemestrinus. 6.M. cynomolegus.7. Semnopithecus sabanus. 8. S. hosii. 9. S. thomasi. 10. S. everetti. 11. S. cruciger. 12.S. obscurus.13. S. maurus. 14. S. femoralis. 15. S. rubicundus. 16. S. natunæ. 17. S. frontatus. 18. S. melanolophus. 19. S. mitratus. 20. Nasalis larvatus. 21.Hylobates agilis.22. H. leuciscus. 23.H. lar.24. H. syndactylus. 25. Simia satyrus.

C3.INDO-CHINESE SUB-REGION.

The following species inhabit this Sub-region:—

1.Nycticebus tardigradus.2. Macacus leoninus. 3.M. rhesus.4. M. sancti-johannis. 5. M. Cyclops. 6.M. cynomologus.7. Semnopithecus barbii. 8. S. pileatus. 9.S. obscurus.10. S. germaini. 11. S. phayrii. 12. S. nemæus. 13. S. nigripes. 14. S. siamensis.[5]15.Hylobates agilis.16. H. leucogenys. 17. H. hoolock. 18.H. lar.19. H. hainanus.

C4.HIMALO-CHINESE SUB-REGION.

The following species occur in this Sub-region:—

1.Macacus arctoides.2. M. lasiotis. 3. Semnopithecus roxellanæ. 4. S. schistaceus.

C5.HIMALO-MALAYAN SUB-REGION.

The following species occur in this Sub-region:—

1.Macacus arctoides.2. M. assamensis. 3. M. silenus. 4. Semnopithecus johni. 5. S. ursinus.

D.AUSTRALIAN REGION.

D1.CELEBESIAN SUB-REGION.

The following species are found within this Sub-region:—

1.Tarsius fuscus.2. Cynopithecus niger. 3. Macacus maurus. 4.M. cynomologus.

D2.MOLUCCAN SUB-REGION.

Only one species is found in this Sub-region:—

Macacus cynomologus.(Timor; Lombock.)

D3.PAPUAN.D4.AUSTRALIAN.D5.NEW ZEALAND.D6.FIJIAN.D7.HAWAIAN SUB-REGIONS.

Both orders are unknown in these Sub-regions.

E.NEARCTIC REGION.

E1.ARCTIC SUB-REGION.

α. ARCTIC PROVINCE.

1. Lemuroidea and Anthropoidea—recent and extinct—unknown.

β. ALASKAN ARCTIC PROVINCE.

1. Lemuroidea and Anthropoidea—recent and extinct—unknown.

E2.WARM TEMPERATE SUB-REGION.

The following species have been found fossil in this Sub-region:—

1.Mixodectes pungens.2.M. crassiusculus.3.Cynodontomys latidens.4.Omomys carteri.5.Anaptomorphus æmulus.6.A. homunculus.7.Adapis tenebrosus.8.Tomitherium rostratum.9.Laopithecus robustus.10.L. lemurinus.11.Pelycodus jarrovii.12.P. tutus.13.P. frugivorus.14.P. angulatus.15.Microsyops spierianus.16.M. elegans.17.M. scottianus.18.Hyopsodus acolytus.19.H. paulus.20.H. minusculus.21.H. vicarius.22.H. powellianus.23.Indrodon sp.24.Opisthotomus sp.25.Apheliscus sp.26.Sarcolemur sp.27.Hipposyus sp.28.Bathrodon sp.29.Mesacodon sp.30.Stenacodon sp.

E3.COLD TEMPERATE SUB-REGION.

Both the orders of Primates are absent from this Sub-region.

F.NEOTROPICAL REGION.

F1.ANTILLEAN SUB-REGION.

Both orders of the Primates are absent from this Sub-region.

F2.CENTRAL AMERICAN SUB-REGION.

α. MEXICAN PROVINCE.

The following species is recognised from this Province[6]:—

1.Ateles vellerosus.

β. ISTHMIAN PROVINCE.

The following species are inhabitants of this Province:—

1.Midas rosalia.2.M. geoffroyi.3.Chrysothrixœrstedi. 4. Nyctipithecus rufipes. 5. Alouatta villosa. 6. A. palliata. 7.Cebus hypoleucus.8.Ateles geoffroyi.9.A. rufiventris.10.A. ater.11.A. vellerosus.

F3.SUB-ANDEAN SUB-REGION.

The following species are recorded as inhabiting this Sub-region:—

1. Hapale leucopus. 2.Midas rosalia.3.M. geoffroyi.4. M. œdipus. 5.Chrysothrix sciurea.6. Callithrix ornata. 7.Nyctipithecustemurinus.8.N. felinus.9.Alouatta senicula.10.Cebus hypoleucus.11.C. fatuellus.12.C. capucinus.13.C. albifrons.14. C. chrysopus. 15. Lagothrix lagothrix. 16.L. infumatus.17.Ateles variegatus.18.A. geoffroyi.19.A. rufiventris.20.A. ater.21. A. fusciceps. 22. A. cucullatus.

F4.AMAZONIAN SUB-REGION.

The following species are found in this Sub-region:—

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