Cercopithecus melanogenys, Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., xvi., p. 212 (1845); id., P. Z. S., 1849, p. 7, pl. ix., fig. 2; id., P. Z. S., 1868, p. 182; id., Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 21 (1870); Scl., P. Z. S., 1860, p. 246; Monteiro, P. Z. S., 1860, p. 112; Jentink, Notes, Leyden Mus., x., p. 11 (1888); Sclater, P. Z. S., 1893, p. 245.Cercopithecus picturatus, Santos, Journ. Sci. Lisb., xi., p. 98 (1886).
Cercopithecus melanogenys, Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., xvi., p. 212 (1845); id., P. Z. S., 1849, p. 7, pl. ix., fig. 2; id., P. Z. S., 1868, p. 182; id., Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 21 (1870); Scl., P. Z. S., 1860, p. 246; Monteiro, P. Z. S., 1860, p. 112; Jentink, Notes, Leyden Mus., x., p. 11 (1888); Sclater, P. Z. S., 1893, p. 245.
Cercopithecus picturatus, Santos, Journ. Sci. Lisb., xi., p. 98 (1886).
Characters.—The white nose-spot cordate in shape; a band across the forehead above the eyes passing backwards over the ears, and over the lower cheeks, black; region between the eye and the ear whitish; back finely grizzled with black and orange; centre of the back washed with deep rufous; outside of the legs dark grey, becoming black on the hands and feet; tail dark rufous. Length of body, 15¾ inches; tail, about 17 inches.
The black lower cheeks, and the white region between the eye and the ear distinguishC. melanogenysfromC. nictitansandC. stampflii.
Distribution.—West Africa: Angola. "It is very abundant at Encôge, three days' journey to the south of Bemba." (Monteiro.)
VIII. STAMPFLI'S GUENON. CERCOPITHECUS STAMPFLII.
Cercopithecus melanogenys, Schl., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 90 (1876, nec Gray).Cercopithecus stampflii, Jentink, Notes, Leyden Mus., x., p. 10 (1888); Sclater, P. Z. S., 1893, p. 257.
Cercopithecus melanogenys, Schl., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 90 (1876, nec Gray).
Cercopithecus stampflii, Jentink, Notes, Leyden Mus., x., p. 10 (1888); Sclater, P. Z. S., 1893, p. 257.
Characters.—Nose-spot white, with its broader part lowest, and the point upwards; crown of head, nape of neck, legs and hinder portion of tail black; spot on lower lip black; chin, breast, anterior portion of belly, and inside of fore-arms white; forehead, cheeks, back, sides of body, and the basal portion of the tail, rufous-green, the hairs being ringed with black and rufous-yellow. Length of body, 25¼ inches; tail, 38½ inches.
Distinguished fromC. nictitansby its white under surface.
Distribution.—West Africa: Liberia. Obtained in the Pessi country by Messrs. Büttikofer and Stampfli.
IX. SCHMIDT'S GUENON. CERCOPITHECUS SCHMIDTI.
Cercopithecus ascanias(?), Scl., P. Z. S., 1887, p. 502.Cercopithecus schmidti, Matschie, Zool. Anz., p. 161 (1892); Sclater, P. Z. S., 1893, p. 245, pl. xvi.
Cercopithecus ascanias(?), Scl., P. Z. S., 1887, p. 502.
Cercopithecus schmidti, Matschie, Zool. Anz., p. 161 (1892); Sclater, P. Z. S., 1893, p. 245, pl. xvi.
Characters.—Closely allied toC. melanogenys, the white nose-spot cordate. Face and superciliary region blue; nose above the white spot black; a bar between the nose-spot, reaching to the whiskers, on each side, black; upper and lower lips flesh-coloured; whiskers white, conspicuous, and with a very narrow black streak on their lower edge; beard white; above the superciliary region, and between the flesh-coloured ears, a black frontal bar; top of head, back, outer aspect of arms, thighs, and of the basal third of tail, olive-green and morepunctulated than inC. melanogenys; throat, under side of body, and inner side of the upper part of the limbs, white; fore-arms, hands, legs, and feet black; posterior two-thirds of tail rufous.
Distribution.—This species was obtained by the Rev. W. C. Willoughby, in 1883, at Uniamwezi, in Eastern Equatorial Africa, and was said to have been brought thither from the Manyuema country, on the western shore of Lake Tanganyika. His specimen lived in the Zoological Gardens in London for nearly three years. It has also been obtained in Uganda, further to the north.
X. THE HOCHEUR GUENON. CERCOPITHECUS NICTITANS.
Simia nictitans, Linn., Syst. Nat., i., p. 40 (1766).Cercopithecus nictitans, Erxl., Syst. Règne Anim., p. 35 (1777); Martin, Mammif. An., p. 536 (1841); Wagner, in Schreber's Säugeth. Suppl., v., p. 50 (1855); Gray, P. Z. S., 1868, p. 182; id., Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 21 (1870); Schl., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 89 (1876); Scl., P. Z. S., 1893, p. 246.Cercopithecus nictitans(Hocheur), F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat., Mamm. i., pl. 17 (1825); Audebert, Hist. Nat. des Singes, Fam. iv., Sect. i., p. 9, pl. 2.
Simia nictitans, Linn., Syst. Nat., i., p. 40 (1766).
Cercopithecus nictitans, Erxl., Syst. Règne Anim., p. 35 (1777); Martin, Mammif. An., p. 536 (1841); Wagner, in Schreber's Säugeth. Suppl., v., p. 50 (1855); Gray, P. Z. S., 1868, p. 182; id., Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 21 (1870); Schl., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 89 (1876); Scl., P. Z. S., 1893, p. 246.
Cercopithecus nictitans(Hocheur), F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat., Mamm. i., pl. 17 (1825); Audebert, Hist. Nat. des Singes, Fam. iv., Sect. i., p. 9, pl. 2.
Characters.—Head round; forehead elevated; face depressed; nose broad, short-haired. "Hair of the head very full; boldly over-reaching the eyes, obscuring the ears, and adding to the breadth and elevation of the top of the head." (Martin.) Nose-spot narrow above, commencing between the eyes, broad below; the lips and a broad ring round the eyes, nude, or very short-haired, elsewhere haired; whiskers bushy; callosities covered with hair; thumbs very short; muzzle shorter than isusually the case in the genus; no beard; tail long, thinly-haired, tapering.
General colour all over, black, speckled with white or yellowish, the hairs being grey at their roots, then black, tipped with white or yellowish-white; face purplish-black; nose-spot pure white; no white on the lips; ears black; no black stripes on the face, a character distinguishing it from all the other spotted-nosed Monkeys; under surface of body and basal part of tail blackish-grey, the inside of the limbs less distinctly so.
Some specimens are not so black, but are greyer, especially on the under side, which may be washed with brown.
The white colour of the nose not extending on to the upper lip distinguishes this species fromC. petaurista, independently of the general colouring.
Distribution.—West Africa. Although the "Hocheur" is not uncommon in European menageries, it is still uncertain in exactly what part of that extensive region it has its home.
Habits.—Nothing is known of the habits of this species, except what has been observed from examples living in captivity. In durance the species is mild and gentle in disposition, and very active, and has a way of incessantly shaking its head, a habit from which it derives its French appellation of "Hocheur."
XI. THE RED-EARED GUENON. CERCOPITHECUS ERYTHROTIS.
Cercopithecus erythrotis, Waterh., P. Z. S., 1838, p. 59; 1841, p. 71; Martin, Mammif. An., p. 535 (1841); Fraser, Zool. Typ., pl. iv. (1848); Wagn., in Schreb. Säugeth. Suppl., v., p. 49 (1855); Gray, P. Z. S., 1868, p. 182; id., Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 21 (1870); Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 70 (1876); Scl., P. Z. S., 1884, p. 176, 1893, p. 246.
Cercopithecus erythrotis, Waterh., P. Z. S., 1838, p. 59; 1841, p. 71; Martin, Mammif. An., p. 535 (1841); Fraser, Zool. Typ., pl. iv. (1848); Wagn., in Schreb. Säugeth. Suppl., v., p. 49 (1855); Gray, P. Z. S., 1868, p. 182; id., Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 21 (1870); Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 70 (1876); Scl., P. Z. S., 1884, p. 176, 1893, p. 246.
Characters.—General colour of back, sides, and outer aspect of the hind-limbs, black, speckled with yellowish-grey, or with golden-yellow on the hinder part of the back—the hairs being black, ringed with yellow or gold respectively; face nearly nude, except for a few short hairs on the upper part of the nose; region round the eyes, livid blue; nose red; chin white; a black bar from the eye to the ear; below this a broad white whisker-streak on the cheeks, beneath which again there arises from the corner of the mouth and cheeks another black, yellow-ringed, tuft of hair; ears rusty-red internally; external aspect of the fore-limbs blackish; throat, under surface of the body, and inner side of the limbs greyish-white; tail bright rufous, except for a dark line along its upper surface; anal hairs bright red. Length of body, 17 inches; tail, 23 inches.
Distribution.—This rare and very beautiful Monkey has its home in the island of Fernando Po.
XII. THE MOUSTACHED GUENON. CERCOPITHECUS CEPHUS.
Simia cephus, Linn., Syst. Nat., i., p. 39 (1766).Cercopithecus cephus(Moustac), F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat., Mamm., i., livr. xxvi. (1821); Martin, Mammif. An., p. 532 (1841); Wagner, in Schreber's Säugeth. Suppl., v., p. 49 (1855); Gray, P. Z. S., 1868, p. 182; id., Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 20 (1870); Schleg., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 91 (1876); Scl., P. Z. S., 1893, p. 246.Le moustac, Audebert, Hist. Nat. Singes, Fam. iv., Sect, ii., p. 19, fig. xii.
Simia cephus, Linn., Syst. Nat., i., p. 39 (1766).
Cercopithecus cephus(Moustac), F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat., Mamm., i., livr. xxvi. (1821); Martin, Mammif. An., p. 532 (1841); Wagner, in Schreber's Säugeth. Suppl., v., p. 49 (1855); Gray, P. Z. S., 1868, p. 182; id., Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 20 (1870); Schleg., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 91 (1876); Scl., P. Z. S., 1893, p. 246.
Le moustac, Audebert, Hist. Nat. Singes, Fam. iv., Sect, ii., p. 19, fig. xii.
Characters.—Face and nose naked; muzzle short; whiskers thick and bushy, directed backward and downward. Face, except the lips, violet-blue; margin of the upper lip black, thiscolour extending as a bar back to the whiskers; between this black margin and the nose is a white bar, extending also across the cheek to the whiskers; under lip and chin, black; whiskers between the eyes and ears golden-yellow, paler below the ears, and white on the under jaw; ears black, with yellowish-white hairs. Head greenish, darker on the back than on the front; the neck, back, shoulders, outer side of arms, flanks, buttocks, and upper side of the base of the tail greenish-brown—the hairs being grey at their roots and ringed above with yellow and black, or brown, the predominance of the one or the other producing the brown, or brighter or fainter green colour; on the outer side of the thighs, the green hue is deeper. The rest of the outer aspect of the limbs is grey washed with yellow; hands and feet dusky brown or dull black; under side of the body and inside of the limbs dark grey, lighter on the throat, breast, and fore part of the belly; under side of the base of the tail dark grey; the remaining two-thirds rufous. Length of body, 19 inches; of tail, 26 inches.
Distribution.—West Africa: from Gaboon to the Congo.
Habits.—This species is not at all uncommon in menageries. Numerous specimens have from time to time been exhibited in the Zoological Gardens in London. Little is known, however, of the habits of the Moustached Monkey in its native forests. In captivity it is intelligent, lively, and good-tempered, but very shy. Its delicate constitution cannot resist the rigours of our climate for any length of time.
II.Cercopitheci Chloronoti.
In this section of the Guenons, the fur is more or less olive-green above; the under side and whiskers white, and the arms and legs grey.
XIII. THE MALBROUCK GUENON. CERCOPITHECUS CYNOSURUS.
Simia cynosurus, Scop. Delic. Flor. et Faun. Insubr., i., p. 44, pl. xix. (1786).Cercopithecus cynosurus(Malbrouck), F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat., Mamm., i., livr. ii. (Janvier, 1819); Desmarest, Mamm., p. 60 (1820); Martin, Mammif. An., p. 515 (1841); Geoffr., Dict. d'Hist. Nat., iii., p. 306 (1849); Wagner, in Schreber's Säugeth. Suppl., v., p. 38 (1855); Schleg. Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 72 (1876); Sclater, P. Z. S., 1893, p. 247.Cercopithecus tephrops, Bennett, P. Z. S., 1833, p. 109.Chlorocebus cynosurus, Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 26 (1870).
Simia cynosurus, Scop. Delic. Flor. et Faun. Insubr., i., p. 44, pl. xix. (1786).
Cercopithecus cynosurus(Malbrouck), F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat., Mamm., i., livr. ii. (Janvier, 1819); Desmarest, Mamm., p. 60 (1820); Martin, Mammif. An., p. 515 (1841); Geoffr., Dict. d'Hist. Nat., iii., p. 306 (1849); Wagner, in Schreber's Säugeth. Suppl., v., p. 38 (1855); Schleg. Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 72 (1876); Sclater, P. Z. S., 1893, p. 247.
Cercopithecus tephrops, Bennett, P. Z. S., 1833, p. 109.
Chlorocebus cynosurus, Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 26 (1870).
Characters.—Head broad, and rounded above; muzzle thick. Face naked, flesh-coloured; nose and cheeks black-haired; ears nude, black; hands short, thumbs rudimentary; hairs on the side of the head not forming whiskers. Top of head and upper surface of body olive-green—the hairs being grey at their roots and ringed with black and yellow; external surface of the fore-arms and legs grizzled-grey, the hairs with black and white rings; sides of the neck, under surface of the body, inside of the limbs, and the under side of the tail white; an indistinct band across the forehead over the eyes, white; tail dark grey above; callosities scarlet; scrotal region in the male deep blue; hairs beneath the tail and round the scrotal region rufous. Length of body about 18 inches; tail, 16 inches.
Distribution.—West Africa. Probably Senegambia, but the exact habitat still unknown.
Habits.—Of the habits of the Malbrouck in its own home nothing has been recorded; but Mr. Martin remarks that in captivity it combines in its disposition a certain degree ofsluggishness with a savage and vindictive temper. One of the specimens, he says, "in the menagerie of the Zoological Society, an adult male, was gentle, familiar, and pleased to be noticed or caressed; but, at the same time, it was neither lively nor playful. The other was deceitful, and though apparently calm, very suspicious; it was roused by the slightest provocation to anger, and would turn upon its disturber with the utmost malevolence depicted in its countenance, making every possible effort to assault him, exhibiting its teeth and gazing fixedly in his face.... On the whole, indolence and ferocity form the character of the adult, at least, in captivity."
XIV. THE GRIVET GUENON. CERCOPITHECUS SABÆUS.
Simia sabæa, Linn., Syst. Nat., i., p. 38 (1766).Cercopithecus griseus(Le Grivet), F. Cuvier, Mamm., i., livr. vii. (Juin, 1819).Cercopithecus griseo-viridis, Desmarest, Mamm., p. 61 (1820); Martin, Mammif. An., p. 518 (1841); Rüppell, Neue Wirbelth. Säugeth., p. 8 (1835); Blanford, Zool. Abyss. Exp., p. 224 (1870); Sclater, P. Z. S., 1893, p. 248.Cercopithecus sabæus, Geoffr., Cat. Méth. Primates, p. 22 (1851); Schleg., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 74 (1876).Chlorocebus engythithea, Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 26 (1870).
Simia sabæa, Linn., Syst. Nat., i., p. 38 (1766).
Cercopithecus griseus(Le Grivet), F. Cuvier, Mamm., i., livr. vii. (Juin, 1819).
Cercopithecus griseo-viridis, Desmarest, Mamm., p. 61 (1820); Martin, Mammif. An., p. 518 (1841); Rüppell, Neue Wirbelth. Säugeth., p. 8 (1835); Blanford, Zool. Abyss. Exp., p. 224 (1870); Sclater, P. Z. S., 1893, p. 248.
Cercopithecus sabæus, Geoffr., Cat. Méth. Primates, p. 22 (1851); Schleg., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 74 (1876).
Chlorocebus engythithea, Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 26 (1870).
Characters.—Head more pyramidal than inC. cynosurus, and the muzzle thinner; an angular patch of hair at the corner of each eye, pointing backwards; whiskers forming long and thick ear-tufts, directed backwards and partly concealing the ears; ears small; hands short and small. Face, ears, and lips darkviolet; region round the eyes livid flesh-colour; the superciliary band joining the whiskers white; top of the head, back as far as the rump, shoulders and arms greyish olive-green—the hairs ringed with greyish-black and pale yellow; whiskers, chin, breast, under surface of body, fore part of shoulders, the inner side of the limbs, and the under side of the tail, white; forearms, rump, and thighs grey, slightly washed with olive; hands and feet entirely grey; upper side of the tail greyish-black, the tip paler. Scrotal region coppery-green, covered with orange hairs.
Distinguished from the Malbrouck by the form of the head, the greyer shade of the hair, and the colour of the scrotal region; and fromC. callitrichus, described below, by the more sombre colour of its hair, the white superciliary band, and the long white whiskers. Length of body, about 19 inches; tail, 22 inches.
Distribution.—North-east Africa: throughout Abyssinia, Sennaar, and Kordofan, up to 4,000 feet.
Habits.—According to Dr. Blanford, this species is a true tree Monkey, and is very rarely seen except in the forest. "On the highlands of Abyssinia," he says, "I only once saw a flock—this was near Dildi, south of Lake Ashangi. I met with larger flocks on the Anseba, where they inhabited the high trees on the banks of the stream. The flocks seen were small, not exceeding twenty to thirty individuals. I had but few opportunities of observing their habits, but they appeared to differ but little from those ofMacacusorInuus, except thatCercopithecusis a quieter animal and less mischievous. In captivity they are well known as excessively docile and good tempered, and fairly intelligent."
XV. WERNER'S GUENON. CERCOPITHECUS WERNERI.
Cercopithecus werneri, Geoffr., C. R., xxxi., p. 874 (1850); id., Arch. Mus., v., p. 539, pl. xxvii. (1851); Wagner, in Schreb. Säugeth. Suppl., v., p. 42 (1855); Sclater, P. Z. S., 1893, p. 258.
Cercopithecus werneri, Geoffr., C. R., xxxi., p. 874 (1850); id., Arch. Mus., v., p. 539, pl. xxvii. (1851); Wagner, in Schreb. Säugeth. Suppl., v., p. 42 (1855); Sclater, P. Z. S., 1893, p. 258.
Characters.—Nearly related toC. sabæus, but all the parts are olive-green where that species is greyish-green—the hairs being ringed with reddish-fawn and black; the former taking the place of the green rings in the hairs of theC. sabæus, and the black ones being much broader; the face black; the tail yellow at the tip as inC. sabæus.
Distribution.—The exact habitat of this species is unknown.
XVI. THE GREEN GUENON. CERCOPITHECUS CALLITRICHUS.
(Plate XXVIII.)Singe Verte, Adanson, Voy. Sénég., p. 178 (1735).Cercopithecus sabæa(nec Linn.), Erxleb., Syst. Regne An., p. 33 (1777).Cercopithecus sabæus, Wagner in Schreb. Säugeth., v., p. 40 (1855); Martin, Mammif. An., p. 519 (1841).Le Callitriche, F. Cuv., Hist. Nat., Mamm., i., livr. iv. (Mars, 1819).Simia sabæa, Audebert, Singes, Fam. iv., Sect., ii., p. 7, fig. iv. (1797).Cercopithecus callitrichus, Is. Geoffr., Cat. Méth. Primates, p. 23 (1851); Schleg, Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 73 (1876); Sclater, P. Z. S., 1866, p. 79; 1893, pp. 248, 616.Chlorocebus sabæus, Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 25 (1870).
(Plate XXVIII.)
Singe Verte, Adanson, Voy. Sénég., p. 178 (1735).
Cercopithecus sabæa(nec Linn.), Erxleb., Syst. Regne An., p. 33 (1777).
Cercopithecus sabæus, Wagner in Schreb. Säugeth., v., p. 40 (1855); Martin, Mammif. An., p. 519 (1841).
Le Callitriche, F. Cuv., Hist. Nat., Mamm., i., livr. iv. (Mars, 1819).
Simia sabæa, Audebert, Singes, Fam. iv., Sect., ii., p. 7, fig. iv. (1797).
Cercopithecus callitrichus, Is. Geoffr., Cat. Méth. Primates, p. 23 (1851); Schleg, Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 73 (1876); Sclater, P. Z. S., 1866, p. 79; 1893, pp. 248, 616.
Chlorocebus sabæus, Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 25 (1870).
PLATE XXVIII.
Plate XXVIII.GREEN GUENON.
GREEN GUENON.
GREEN GUENON.
Characters.—Muzzle rather long; ears large, naked, and somewhat pointed behind; hairs on the side of the head long, thick, frill-like, and directed backwards toward the ears; hands and feet long, but the feet longer than the hands. Face, ears, palms, and soles, black; superciliary band bright yellow or white; head, back, shoulders, arms, and upper part of the forearms, the thighs, upper part of the legs, and upper side of the tail rich yellowish-green,—the hairs being ringed with broader bars of yellow, and narrower bars of black; external surface of the lower part of the fore- and hind-limbs grey, the hairs being ringed with white, or very pale yellow and black; cheeks, throat, under surface of the body, and inner side of the limbs, white, washed with yellow on the cheeks, throat, and along the mid-line of the belly. Tail tipped with a long tuft of bright yellow; under side of the tail greyish-green; hairs beneath the tail and on the scrotal region bright yellow; naked skin of the scrotal parts, green. Length of body, 24 inches; of tail, 29 inches.
Distribution.—West Africa: from Senegambia to the Niger. It is said to be now abundant in a wild state in the island of St. Kitts, in the West Indies, and Colonel Feilden identified it in Barbadoes. Into both of these islands it has been introduced from Africa, in the same way as into St. Jago, one of the Cape Verde Islands.
Habits.—The Green Monkeys frequent high trees in the great forests, living in small troops or sitting alone. They move about very noiselessly, and would seem to be devoid of voice, remaining silent even when attacked or wounded; although they knit their brows, gnash their teeth, and evince every sign of vexation and anger. This species is one of the commonest Monkeys introduced into Europe, as it appears to be able to stand, better than most of the other members of the genus, the northern climate. It has even bred in the ZoologicalGardens in London. It is very active and intelligent, and when young it is gentle and of a good disposition, but as it grows older it becomes treacherous, malicious, and savage.
XVII. THE VERVET GUENON. CERCOPITHECUS PYGERYTHRUS.
Cercopithecus pygerythra(Le Vervet), F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm., iii., livr. xxiv. (Janvier, 1821).Cercopithecuspygerithræus, Desmarest, Mamm., Suppl., p. 534 (1820).Cercopithecus pygerythrus, Lesson, Spec. des Mamm. Bimanes et Quadrum., p. 83 (1840); Geoffr., Dict. Hist. Nat., iii., p. 305 (1849); id., Cat. Méth. Primates, p. 21 (1851); Wagner, in Schreb. Säugeth., v., p. 39 (1855); Peters, Reis. Mossamb. Säugeth., p. 4; Martin, Mammif. An., p. 521 (1841); Schl., Mus. Pays Bas, vii., p. 76 (1876); Thomas, P. Z. S., 1885, p. 219; H. H. Johnston, Kilimanjaro Exped., p. 352 (1886); Scl., P. Z. S., 1893, p. 249 (nec Martin, nec. Schl.).Cercopithecus pusillus, Delalande in Desmoul, Dict. Class., vii., p. 568.Cercopithecus lalandii, Geoffr., Dict. d'Hist. Nat., iii., p. 305 (1849); Wagner, in Schreber's Säugeth., v., p. 39 (1855); Sclater, P. Z. S., 1893, pp. 248 and 615.Cercopithecus rufo-viridis, Is. Geoffr., C. R., xv., p. 1038 (1842); Scl., P. Z. S., 1860, p. 420.Chlorocebus pygerythrus, Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus, p. 25 (1870).
Cercopithecus pygerythra(Le Vervet), F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm., iii., livr. xxiv. (Janvier, 1821).
Cercopithecuspygerithræus, Desmarest, Mamm., Suppl., p. 534 (1820).
Cercopithecus pygerythrus, Lesson, Spec. des Mamm. Bimanes et Quadrum., p. 83 (1840); Geoffr., Dict. Hist. Nat., iii., p. 305 (1849); id., Cat. Méth. Primates, p. 21 (1851); Wagner, in Schreb. Säugeth., v., p. 39 (1855); Peters, Reis. Mossamb. Säugeth., p. 4; Martin, Mammif. An., p. 521 (1841); Schl., Mus. Pays Bas, vii., p. 76 (1876); Thomas, P. Z. S., 1885, p. 219; H. H. Johnston, Kilimanjaro Exped., p. 352 (1886); Scl., P. Z. S., 1893, p. 249 (nec Martin, nec. Schl.).
Cercopithecus pusillus, Delalande in Desmoul, Dict. Class., vii., p. 568.
Cercopithecus lalandii, Geoffr., Dict. d'Hist. Nat., iii., p. 305 (1849); Wagner, in Schreber's Säugeth., v., p. 39 (1855); Sclater, P. Z. S., 1893, pp. 248 and 615.
Cercopithecus rufo-viridis, Is. Geoffr., C. R., xv., p. 1038 (1842); Scl., P. Z. S., 1860, p. 420.
Chlorocebus pygerythrus, Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus, p. 25 (1870).
Characters.—Very nearly allied to the Grivet (C. sabæus), to the Malbrouck (C. cynosurus), and to the last species, the Green Guenon. Distinguished from the Grivet by the chin, the hands and the feet, beyond the ankle, and the wrist being very black, instead of grey; and the tip of the tail (or itsentire length) black, instead of being grey or yellow, as in the Malbrouck. It differs from both the Malbrouck and Grivet in having, according to Martin, long coarse fur, greyer in tint above, with a slighter wash of olive (=C. lalandiiof Geoffroy); or in being more reddish-yellow or yellowish-green above (the trueC. pygerythrus); also by having conspicuous superciliary bristles. The less thick and heavy muzzle and the green scrotal region distinguish it from the Malbrouck; the rust-red coloured hair on the space below the root of the tail distinguishes it from the Grivet. Length of body, 22 inches; tail, 27 inches.
The female is slightly smaller than the male.
Distribution.—South Africa: Cape Colony. "The Vervet is common in the forests along the Great Fish river, and other streams between Algoa Bay and Cape Town. Its range extends also along the Natal coast, throughout the Amakozi country, and Caffreland generally." (Martin.) Zambesia. On Kilimanjaro. Mr. H. H. Johnston observed it to be common, at 5,000 feet, in the cultivated gardens round the village of Moshi, and in the forests lower down, at Taveita.
Habits.—Their food consists of fruits, and particularly of the gum which exudes from various species of Acacia. In confinement, when irritated, they utter, it is said, a barking noise, display their teeth, and gaze with hatred in their eyes. They are very treacherous, ferocious, and daring, and their cage requires to be approached with much precaution. Mr. Johnston, when living on the slopes of Kilimanjaro, found them to be exceedingly familiar and mischievous, and given to stealing fruits, &c. They are entirely without the fear of Man.
This Monkey is very commonly to be seen alive in Europeanmenageries, where it appears to stand the northern climate fairly well. At a meeting of the Zoological Society in November, 1893, Dr. Sclater remarked thatCercopithecus callitrichus(=C. pygerythrus) had recently bred in the Gardens. Concerning the latter birth a curious fact had been observed and reported by the keepers—that the young Monkey, which lived about two months, had been in the habit of sucking both of the mother's teats at once.
XVIII. THE TANTALUS GUENON. CERCOPITHECUS TANTALUS.
Cercopithecus tantalus, Ogilby, P. Z. S., 1841, p. 33; Sclater, P. Z. S., 1893, p. 258; Schl., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 73 (1876).Cercocebus tantalus, var. f., Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 26 (1870).
Cercopithecus tantalus, Ogilby, P. Z. S., 1841, p. 33; Sclater, P. Z. S., 1893, p. 258; Schl., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 73 (1876).
Cercocebus tantalus, var. f., Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 26 (1870).
Characters.—Head rounder and face shorter than inC. callitrichus. Face covered with very short hairs; nose prominent, and narrow between the eyes, flatter and broader towards the tip. Head, back, and sides, a mixture of yellowish-brown and green, of the same shade as prevails in the upper parts ofC. callitrichusandC. pygerythrus; outer surface of the limbs clearer ashy-grey; whiskers, throat, breast, under side of the body, and inner side of the limbs, yellowish-white; tail brown at the root, pale grey at the tip; back of hands and feet light grey; face livid flesh-colour round the eyes, the short hairs on the nose and cheeks black; lips light brown; eyebrows black, surmounted by a broad white band across the forehead; scrotal region covered with yellowish hairs. (Ogilby.)
Distribution.—Africa, but the exact habitat is unknown.
Habits.—Unknown.
III.Cercopitheci Erythronoti.
The next three species constitute the red-furred group of Geoffroy and Sclater, being bright rufous above, and white beneath.
XIX. THE PATAS GUENON. CERCOPITHECUS PATAS.
Simia patas, Schreber, Säugeth., i., p. 98, pl. xvi. (1775).Cercopithecus patas, Erxleb. Syst. Règne An., p. 34 (1777); Schleg., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 84 (1876); Scl., P. Z. S., 1893, p. 249.Simia rubra, Gm., Syst. Nat., i., p. 34 (1788); Fischer, Synops. Mamm., p. 24 (1829).Cercopithecus ruber, Geoffr., Ann. Mus., xix., p. 96 (1812); id., Dict. d'Hist. Nat., iii., p. 307 (1849); Desmar. Mamm., p. 59 (1820); Martin, Mammif. An., p. 509 (1841, pt.); Wagner, in Schreber, Säugeth. Suppl., v., p. 42 (1855); Scl., P. Z. S., 1874, p. 664.Le Patas et Le Patas à bandeau noir, F. Cuvier, Hist. Mamm. i., livr. xv. (Avril, 1820).Chlorocebus ruber, Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 25 (1870).
Simia patas, Schreber, Säugeth., i., p. 98, pl. xvi. (1775).
Cercopithecus patas, Erxleb. Syst. Règne An., p. 34 (1777); Schleg., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 84 (1876); Scl., P. Z. S., 1893, p. 249.
Simia rubra, Gm., Syst. Nat., i., p. 34 (1788); Fischer, Synops. Mamm., p. 24 (1829).
Cercopithecus ruber, Geoffr., Ann. Mus., xix., p. 96 (1812); id., Dict. d'Hist. Nat., iii., p. 307 (1849); Desmar. Mamm., p. 59 (1820); Martin, Mammif. An., p. 509 (1841, pt.); Wagner, in Schreber, Säugeth. Suppl., v., p. 42 (1855); Scl., P. Z. S., 1874, p. 664.
Le Patas et Le Patas à bandeau noir, F. Cuvier, Hist. Mamm. i., livr. xv. (Avril, 1820).
Chlorocebus ruber, Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 25 (1870).
Characters.—Head broad and flattened; nose depressed; muzzle short; fur long and silky on the back of the head, elsewhere short. Orbits narrow; cheeks and muzzle naked; whiskers thick and bushy, encroaching far on the cheeks, and extending back below the ears; chin with a few hairs, but no beard. Head, back, sides, and hinder aspect of the arms and fore-arms, and of the thighs and legs, and of the upper and lower sides of the base, and the upper side of the rest of the tail, foxy red; shoulders, chest, front and rest of the fore-limbs, entire under side of the body, and of the terminal portionof the tail, and inner side of the limbs, with the entire hands and feet, grey or greyish-white,—the hairs being ringed with black and white. The nude parts of the face and of the ears, hands, and feet, violet flesh-colour; a distinct superciliary arch black; a white bar from the eye to behind the ear; a black line from the superciliary stripe, extending down the nose-ridge and expanding on the tip; on the upper lip, a short moustache of black hairs; whiskers greyish-white, washed with yellow. This species varies considerably in size and in coloration.
In young animals the grey is often washed with rufous.
Distribution.—West Africa: Senegal.
Habits.—The Patas in its native forest lives in large troops, which unite together, as De la Brue has recorded, against a common enemy. He relates that as he passed along a river in his boat, the Patas came down to the tips of the branches out of curiosity, but after watching the party for a time they threw dry branches and other handy objects at them, till some of their number were at last shot. This so infuriated the survivors, that they redoubled their attack with stones and other missiles, giving utterance meanwhile to the most frightful cries. Mr. Martin, from whom we have condensed De la Brue's account, says that this species is lively in captivity, but very spiteful and capricious, its temper becoming worse with age.
XX. THE NISNAS GUENON. CERCOPITHECUS PYRRHONOTUS.
Cercopithecus pyrrhonotus, Hempr. et Ehrenb., Symb. Phys., pl. x. (1838); Geoffr., Dict. Hist. Nat., iii., p. 307 (1849); Wagner, in Schreber's Säugeth., v., p. 42 (1855); Sclater, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 623; 1893, p. 250; Schl., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 84 (1876).Cercopithecus ruber, Rüpp., Neue Wirb. Säugeth., p. 8 (1835); Martin, Mammif. An., p. 509 (1841) (in part).Le Nisnas, F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm., i., pl. 27 (1830).Chlorocebus ruber, Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 25 (1870).
Cercopithecus pyrrhonotus, Hempr. et Ehrenb., Symb. Phys., pl. x. (1838); Geoffr., Dict. Hist. Nat., iii., p. 307 (1849); Wagner, in Schreber's Säugeth., v., p. 42 (1855); Sclater, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 623; 1893, p. 250; Schl., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 84 (1876).
Cercopithecus ruber, Rüpp., Neue Wirb. Säugeth., p. 8 (1835); Martin, Mammif. An., p. 509 (1841) (in part).
Le Nisnas, F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm., i., pl. 27 (1830).
Chlorocebus ruber, Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 25 (1870).
Characters.—Of the same size asC. patas, and very similar to it. Fur above, and on the lower part of the limbs rufous, and on the lower part of the back, and under side of the tail, much darker rufous than elsewhere; nose white, not black as in the preceding species; shoulders and external aspect of arms rufous like the rest of the body, and not grey as inC. patas.
Distribution.—North-east Africa: Kordofan and Darfur, to a height of 3,000 feet above the sea. A specimen living in the Zoological Gardens in 1882 was stated to have come from Somali-land.
Allied to the Patas and the Nisnas is Peters' Guenon (Cercopithecus ochraceus, Peters, Reis. Mossamb. Säugeth., p. 2, pl. 1a), from Querimba, Mozambique, which has the upper side yellowish, and is probably but a variety ofC. pyrrhonotus.
XXI. THE REDDISH-GREEN GUENON. CERCOPITHECUS RUFO-VIRIDIS.
Cercopithecus rufo-viridis, Geoffr., C. R., xv., p. 1038 (1842); id. Dict. Hist. Nat., iii., p. 307 (1849); Schl., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 78 (1876); Scl., P. Z. S., 1893, p. 258.Chlorocebus rufo-viridis, Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 25 (1870).? Cercopithecus flavidus, Peters, Reis. Mossamb., p. 3, pl. i.b.
Cercopithecus rufo-viridis, Geoffr., C. R., xv., p. 1038 (1842); id. Dict. Hist. Nat., iii., p. 307 (1849); Schl., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 78 (1876); Scl., P. Z. S., 1893, p. 258.
Chlorocebus rufo-viridis, Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 25 (1870).
? Cercopithecus flavidus, Peters, Reis. Mossamb., p. 3, pl. i.b.
Characters.—Face black; a large frontal band white; head above olive-green; back green washed with rufous, gradually becoming bright rufous, slightly speckled with black on the sidesof the body between the fore- and hind-limbs; shoulders and thighs grey, washed with green; the rest of the external aspect of the limbs grey; under side of body and inner side of limbs white; hands speckled black; the feet greyish; tail, dark grey above, pale grey below.
Distribution and Habits.—Unknown. The form described by Peters asC. flaviduscomes from Mozambique.
IV.Cercopitheci Melanochiri.
The species which we now proceed to describe belong to Prof. Schlegel's Section v., and Dr. Sclater'sCercopitheci melanochiri, of which the members have the arms and legs either black or dark grey, and have a black band from the outer corner of the eyes to the ears.
XXII. THE MONA GUENON. CERCOPITHECUS MONA.
Simia mona, Schreber, Säugeth., i., p. 97, pl. xv. (1775).Cercopithecus mona, Erxleb. Syst. Regne An., p. 32 (1777); Geoffr., Dict. Hist. Nat., p. 304 (1849); Martin, Mammif. An., p. 527 (1841); Wagner, in Schreb. Säugeth. Suppl., v., p. 47 (1855); Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 22 (1870); Schleg., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 80 (1876); Sclater, P. Z. S., 1893, p. 250.La mone, F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm., i., livr. ix. (Août, 1819).
Simia mona, Schreber, Säugeth., i., p. 97, pl. xv. (1775).
Cercopithecus mona, Erxleb. Syst. Regne An., p. 32 (1777); Geoffr., Dict. Hist. Nat., p. 304 (1849); Martin, Mammif. An., p. 527 (1841); Wagner, in Schreb. Säugeth. Suppl., v., p. 47 (1855); Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 22 (1870); Schleg., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 80 (1876); Sclater, P. Z. S., 1893, p. 250.
La mone, F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm., i., livr. ix. (Août, 1819).
Characters.—Top of the head brilliant golden-green, the hairs being black at the roots, yellow further up and tipped with black; back, sides of body, shoulders, and haunches chestnut-brown, speckled with black,—the hairs being grey at the base, ringed alternately with red, or brown and black; frontal band pale greenish; rump, with the exception of a distinctive elliptical white bar on each side, at the base of the tail, black; the hands and feet, and external aspect of the legs,thighs, and fore-arms, black; the under side of the body and inner side of the limbs pure white, separated by an abrupt line from the colours of the outer surfaces; the transverse black band above the eyebrows extending from the outer corner of the eyes to the ears; nude parts of face, ears, and hands livid flesh-colour; the whiskers bushy, covering much of the cheeks, descending on the sides and lower part of the neck, pale yellow, speckled with black marks.
The white bars on each side of the tail, on the rump, and the white frontal band distinguish this species from all others.
Distribution.—West Africa: Cameroons.
XXIII. SYKES' GUENON. CERCOPITHECUS ALBIGULARIS.
Semnopithecus albogularis, Sykes, P. Z. S., 1831, p. 106.Cercopithecus albigularis, Sykes, P. Z. S., 1832, p. 18; Owen, P. Z. S., 1832, p. 18 (anatomy); Martin, Mamm. An., p. 512 (1841); Frazer, Zool. Typ., pl. ii. (1848); Wagner in Schreb. Säugeth. Suppl., v., p. 45 (1855); Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 24 (1870); Schleg., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 79 (1876); True. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., xv., p. 448 (1893); Sclater, P. Z. S., 1893, p. 251; Matschie, S.B., Nat. Fr. Berl., 1893, p. 215; Thomas, P. Z. S., 1894, p. 137.Cercopithecus erythrarchus, Peters, Reis. Mossamb. Säugeth., p. 1, pl. i.; Schl., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 77 (1876); Kirk, P. Z. S., 1864, p. 649; Reuvens, Zool. Gart., xxx., p. 207 (1889); Oudem,op. cit., xxxi., p. 267 (1890); Scl., P. Z. S., 1893, p. 249 (female).? Cercopithecus monoides, Geoffr., Arch. du Mus., ii., p. 558, pl. 31 (1841); id., C. R., xv., p. 1038 (1842); id., Dict. Hist. Nat., iii., p. 303 (1849); Scl., P. Z. S., 1893, p. 256.
Semnopithecus albogularis, Sykes, P. Z. S., 1831, p. 106.
Cercopithecus albigularis, Sykes, P. Z. S., 1832, p. 18; Owen, P. Z. S., 1832, p. 18 (anatomy); Martin, Mamm. An., p. 512 (1841); Frazer, Zool. Typ., pl. ii. (1848); Wagner in Schreb. Säugeth. Suppl., v., p. 45 (1855); Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 24 (1870); Schleg., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 79 (1876); True. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., xv., p. 448 (1893); Sclater, P. Z. S., 1893, p. 251; Matschie, S.B., Nat. Fr. Berl., 1893, p. 215; Thomas, P. Z. S., 1894, p. 137.
Cercopithecus erythrarchus, Peters, Reis. Mossamb. Säugeth., p. 1, pl. i.; Schl., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 77 (1876); Kirk, P. Z. S., 1864, p. 649; Reuvens, Zool. Gart., xxx., p. 207 (1889); Oudem,op. cit., xxxi., p. 267 (1890); Scl., P. Z. S., 1893, p. 249 (female).
? Cercopithecus monoides, Geoffr., Arch. du Mus., ii., p. 558, pl. 31 (1841); id., C. R., xv., p. 1038 (1842); id., Dict. Hist. Nat., iii., p. 303 (1849); Scl., P. Z. S., 1893, p. 256.
Characters.—Male.—Head rounded, short; ears small, rounded, and nearly concealed in the long fur of the head; eyes deep-set; superciliary hairs long; whiskers thick and bushy; no beard; facial angle large; cheek-pouches small but distinct, not observable even when filled, being concealed by the bushy whiskers; thumbs short; great-toes long; very small callosities; tail half as long as the body. Larynx with the usual two wide lateral sacs and a middle pouch extending forward about three inches under the skin of the neck, communicating with the larynx by a large opening.
Entire upper surface black, mixed with yellow,—the hairs being black, ringed with brownish-yellow bars. Face, cheeks, and lips black; shoulders, fore-limbs and hind-limbs (washed with yellowish), black, from the absence of the yellow bars, which predominate on the back and sides; under side of the body black, speckled with white; chin and throat white; no white thigh patches; tail, black.
Female.—Differs from the male in being smaller, and in having the rump, the upper and lower sides of the base of the tail, the region round the anus, and the posterior aspect of the upper part of the thighs and arms strongly tinged with reddish-brown. The lower side of the body and inner sides of the limbs whitish—the hairs towards their extremities being ringed with black and greyish-yellow. It has been described asCercopithecus erythrarchusof Peters and other writers.
Distribution.—West Africa: Gold Coast (Pel); also said to have been obtained on the Congo. East Africa: Mozambique; believed to abound about Cape Corrientes (Peters). Quilimane and the Lower Zambesi are further given as habitats both by Dr. Peters and Sir J. Kirk. Mr. H. H. Johnston, H.M. Commissioner in Nyasa Land, has sent it from the Milanji Plateau, where it ranges from 3,000 to 6,000 feet above the sea. This species was at one time supposed, but quite erroneously, to come from Madagascar.
PLATE XXIX.
Plate XXIX.BOUTOURLINI'S GUENON.
BOUTOURLINI'S GUENON.
BOUTOURLINI'S GUENON.
Habits.—This Monkey is very frequently brought alive to Europe, and almost all that we know of its habits has been obtained from observing it in captivity. Colonel Sykes, who first brought this species to England and described it, says that "its manners in captivity are grave and sedate. Its disposition is gentle, but not affectionate; and though free from that capricious petulance and mischievous irascibility characteristic of so many of the African species, still it quickly resents irritating treatment, and evinces its resentment by very smart blows with its anterior hands. It never bit any person on board ship, but so seriously lacerated three Monkeys, its fellow passengers, that two of them died from the wounds. It readily ate meat, and would choose to pick a bone even when plentifully supplied with vegetables and dried fruits." Another individual, seen by Mr. Ogilby, exhibited the same antipathy to other Monkeys.
XXIV. BOUTOURLINI'S GUENON. CERCOPITHECUS BOUTOURLINII.
(Plate XXIX.)Cercopithecus boutourlinii, Giglioli, Zool. Anz., x., p. 510 (1887); Scl., P. Z. S., 1893, pp. 256, 441.Cercopithecus albigularis, Giglioli, Ann. Mus. Genov. (2), vi., p. 8 (1888).
(Plate XXIX.)
Cercopithecus boutourlinii, Giglioli, Zool. Anz., x., p. 510 (1887); Scl., P. Z. S., 1893, pp. 256, 441.
Cercopithecus albigularis, Giglioli, Ann. Mus. Genov. (2), vi., p. 8 (1888).
Characters.—Male.—Body-hairs long and rough; upper surface black, with pale fulvous annellations, except on a line between the shoulders, which is nearly black; ears nearly nude, with an inner hairy pencil; nose, upper lip, chin, and throat, pure white; rest of the under surface and of the limbs and tail black,except the base of the tail, which has ringed hairs like the back all round. Length of body, 21 inches; of tail, 24 inches. (Sclater.)
Female.—Nearly similar, but smaller, and having the hairs less ringed on the back and the head. (Sclater.)
Distinguished fromC. albigularisby its white nose and upper lips, black under surface, and blacker limbs.
Distribution.—North-east Africa: Kaffa, a province to the south of Shoa; and Gimma, a province in Central Abyssinia, to the south of Gojan.
XXV. CAMPBELL'S GUENON. CERCOPITHECUS CAMPBELLI.
Cercopithecus campbelli, Waterh., P. Z. S., 1838, p. 61; Fraser, Zool. Typ., pl. iii. (1848); Martin, Mammif. An., p. 544 (1841); Wagner in Schreber Säugeth. Suppl., v., p. 47 (1855); Gray, P. Z. S., 1868, p. 182; id., Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 24 (1870); Schleg., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 82 (1876); Jentink, Notes, Leyden Mus., x., p. 9 (1888); Sclater, P. Z. S., 1893, p. 251.Cercopithecus burnetti, Gray, Ann. N. H., x., p. 256 (1842).
Cercopithecus campbelli, Waterh., P. Z. S., 1838, p. 61; Fraser, Zool. Typ., pl. iii. (1848); Martin, Mammif. An., p. 544 (1841); Wagner in Schreber Säugeth. Suppl., v., p. 47 (1855); Gray, P. Z. S., 1868, p. 182; id., Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 24 (1870); Schleg., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 82 (1876); Jentink, Notes, Leyden Mus., x., p. 9 (1888); Sclater, P. Z. S., 1893, p. 251.
Cercopithecus burnetti, Gray, Ann. N. H., x., p. 256 (1842).
Characters.—Fur long, longer on the hinder part of the back than on the front, separated along the back—the hairs black with broad yellow rings. Face bluish-black; lips flesh-coloured; band across the forehead white, washed with rufous—the hairs tipped with black; head as far as the nape of the neck, yellowish-brown; the fore part of the back brownish-black, the lower part of the back, the outer side of the hind-legs, the fore-legs, and basal third of the tail olive-black, washed with yellow; the long hair on the cheeks and side of the neck, which partly conceals the ears, greyish-white, ringed towards the tips with black andyellow; the inner side of the ears furnished with long yellow-flecked grey hairs; the chest, throat, under side of the body, inner side of limbs and fore part of the thighs white; posterior two-thirds of the tail yellowish-grey, the hairs ringed with black and faded yellow, those of the under side with brown and grey; tip of the tail with a small black tuft.
Distribution.—West Africa: from Sierra Leone to the Gold Coast.
Habits.—This is the commonest Monkey, both in the interior and on the coast of this region of Africa. It frequents the moderate-sized trees of the forest in troops of fifty or more in number; and it occasionally even takes to the water of its own accord.
XXVI. THE SAMANGO GUENON. CERCOPITHECUS SAMANGO.
Cercopithecus samango, Sundev. Öfvers. K. Vet.-Akad. Förh. Stockh., i., p. 160 (1844); Wagner in Schreber Säugeth. Suppl., v., p. 44 (1855); Peters, Reis. Mossamb., Säugeth., p. 4; Gray, P. Z. S., 1868, p. 182; id., Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 24 (1870); Schleg., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 79 (1876; in part); Scl., P. Z. S., 1893, p. 251.
Cercopithecus samango, Sundev. Öfvers. K. Vet.-Akad. Förh. Stockh., i., p. 160 (1844); Wagner in Schreber Säugeth. Suppl., v., p. 44 (1855); Peters, Reis. Mossamb., Säugeth., p. 4; Gray, P. Z. S., 1868, p. 182; id., Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 24 (1870); Schleg., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 79 (1876; in part); Scl., P. Z. S., 1893, p. 251.
Characters.—Distinguished by the dirty white tint along the basal half of the tail, except along the median line of the upper side, which is black; end of the tail black. Back entirely blackish-olive—the hairs being yellowish-olive, ringed with black; inner side of the limbs, and entire under surface from the arms to the chin, dirty white; outer surface of the arms black, of the legs grey; the feet black; ears covered with whitish hairs.
Distribution,—South and East Africa: Natal and Mozambique; extending to Angola in the west.
XXVII. THE WHITE-LIPPED GUENON. CERCOPITHECUS LABIATUS.
Cercopithecus labiatus, Geoffr., C. R., xv., p. 1038 (1842); id., Dict. d'Hist. Nat., iii., p. 302 (1849); Sclater, P. Z. S., 1893, p. 256.Cercopithecus samango, Schl., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 79 (1876; in part).
Cercopithecus labiatus, Geoffr., C. R., xv., p. 1038 (1842); id., Dict. d'Hist. Nat., iii., p. 302 (1849); Sclater, P. Z. S., 1893, p. 256.
Cercopithecus samango, Schl., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 79 (1876; in part).
Characters.—Fur thick; a bunch of long hairs directed backwards on the cheeks; inner aspect of the ears covered with reddish-grey hairs; upper side of the body dark grey, speckled with pale olive-yellow; top of the head black, speckled with yellowish-green; forehead and jaws greenish-yellow, speckled with black; a black spot on the face above the commissure of the lips; rest of the lips and region of the mouth white; outer side of the fore-limbs, hands, and feet black; outer side of the hind-limbs greyish-brown; under side of the body faded white; inner side of the limbs ashy-grey; round the anus and the greater part of the under side of the tail, pale yellowish-brown; upper side of the tail, for same distance, reddish-black; remainder black.
Distribution and Habits.—Unknown.
XXVIII. THE RUMP-SPOTTED GUENON. CERCOPITHECUS OPISTHOSTICTUS.