FOOTNOTES:[142]See later.[143]See Chapter I.[144]A minor Bohemian writer of the period. Though Ziegler was a professor of theology, love is the subject of some of his songs.[145]A proverbial Bohemian expression signifying "one and all".[146]In Bohemian, "Mi hodně mnoho dávaji." The Bohemian colloquialism can here be literally translated by an English colloquial expression.[147]A Bohemian nobleman who owned estates near Leitmeritz.[148]This alludes to the now uncontested fact that countrymen and literary rivals of Jungmann had denounced Jungmann's writings to the Austrian Government, attributing to them a political tendency, from which in reality they were absolutely free.[149]The few Bohemian books that appeared in the eighteenth, and even at the beginning of the nineteenth century, were printed in German (Gothic) characters, and it was hoped that the Latin characters would be unintelligible to many people of the lower classes, from whom the censors wished to withhold the chronicle.[150]Thus written by Jungmann. The person referred to is Sir John Bowring.[151]Writing for English readers, it is scarcely necessary to mention that there was not in the year 1827 a wide-spread enthusiasm in England for learning Slavic languages. Jungmann, sanguine, like all the Bohemian patriots of his time, generalised on the strength of some statements of English philologists whom he may have met at Prague.[152]In Croatia, early in the present century, a national movement sprung up similar to that of Bohemia, but its results were smaller and less enduring. Gay, the leader of this movement, was persecuted by the Hungarians, just as the Bohemians were by the German officials.[153]In German "Moldau."[154]Kollar refers to those who, though of Slav origin, identified themselves with the Germans.[155]This is still perfectly true. In Mecklenburg and some parts of Prussia the names of many towns and villages are obviously of Slav origin, as are the family names of some of the oldest families which are derived from localities.[156]See later.[157]References to ancient Bohemian legends.[158]This was written some years ago, when the enthusiasm for the works of Tolstoy, Dostoievsky, Tourguenev, Goncharov, and others was at its height in Paris.[159]See my article on the "Bohemian Question,"Nineteenth Century, December 1898.[160]I have dwelt with more detail on this subject in a (Bohemian) essay on "Some references to Palacký in the Works of English Writers," which appeared in thePamatnik Palackého(Palacký Memorial), published in 1898 on the occasion of the centenary of Palacký's birth.[161]Professor Kalousek, in the interesting essay on the "Leading Idea of Palacký's Historical Work," which he contributed to the Palacký Memorial, has noted that the principles according to which Palacký'sHistory ofBohemiais written are in complete accordance with the rules established by Blair in his thirty-fifth and thirty-sixth lecture,On Historical Writing.[162]Since the above was written, Mr. Morfill has published an admirable "Grammar of the Bohemian Language," the first ever written in English. I can strongly recommend it to readers who wish to acquire the Bohemian language.[163]In his (German) work,Zur Böhmischen Geschichischreibung.[164]For further particulars I must again refer my readers to my article on "The Bohemian Question", published in theNineteenth Century, December 1898.[165]Mrs. Malybrok-Stieler has recently translatedVyšehradinto German (Prague Rivnác, 1898).[166]The late Dr. Albrecht, in hisNeuere Poesie aus BöhmenandNeuestePoesie aus Böhmen, published many German translations from Svatopluk Čech and Vrchlický. To the latter Dr. Albrecht devoted a whole volume.
[142]See later.
[142]See later.
[143]See Chapter I.
[143]See Chapter I.
[144]A minor Bohemian writer of the period. Though Ziegler was a professor of theology, love is the subject of some of his songs.
[144]A minor Bohemian writer of the period. Though Ziegler was a professor of theology, love is the subject of some of his songs.
[145]A proverbial Bohemian expression signifying "one and all".
[145]A proverbial Bohemian expression signifying "one and all".
[146]In Bohemian, "Mi hodně mnoho dávaji." The Bohemian colloquialism can here be literally translated by an English colloquial expression.
[146]In Bohemian, "Mi hodně mnoho dávaji." The Bohemian colloquialism can here be literally translated by an English colloquial expression.
[147]A Bohemian nobleman who owned estates near Leitmeritz.
[147]A Bohemian nobleman who owned estates near Leitmeritz.
[148]This alludes to the now uncontested fact that countrymen and literary rivals of Jungmann had denounced Jungmann's writings to the Austrian Government, attributing to them a political tendency, from which in reality they were absolutely free.
[148]This alludes to the now uncontested fact that countrymen and literary rivals of Jungmann had denounced Jungmann's writings to the Austrian Government, attributing to them a political tendency, from which in reality they were absolutely free.
[149]The few Bohemian books that appeared in the eighteenth, and even at the beginning of the nineteenth century, were printed in German (Gothic) characters, and it was hoped that the Latin characters would be unintelligible to many people of the lower classes, from whom the censors wished to withhold the chronicle.
[149]The few Bohemian books that appeared in the eighteenth, and even at the beginning of the nineteenth century, were printed in German (Gothic) characters, and it was hoped that the Latin characters would be unintelligible to many people of the lower classes, from whom the censors wished to withhold the chronicle.
[150]Thus written by Jungmann. The person referred to is Sir John Bowring.
[150]Thus written by Jungmann. The person referred to is Sir John Bowring.
[151]Writing for English readers, it is scarcely necessary to mention that there was not in the year 1827 a wide-spread enthusiasm in England for learning Slavic languages. Jungmann, sanguine, like all the Bohemian patriots of his time, generalised on the strength of some statements of English philologists whom he may have met at Prague.
[151]Writing for English readers, it is scarcely necessary to mention that there was not in the year 1827 a wide-spread enthusiasm in England for learning Slavic languages. Jungmann, sanguine, like all the Bohemian patriots of his time, generalised on the strength of some statements of English philologists whom he may have met at Prague.
[152]In Croatia, early in the present century, a national movement sprung up similar to that of Bohemia, but its results were smaller and less enduring. Gay, the leader of this movement, was persecuted by the Hungarians, just as the Bohemians were by the German officials.
[152]In Croatia, early in the present century, a national movement sprung up similar to that of Bohemia, but its results were smaller and less enduring. Gay, the leader of this movement, was persecuted by the Hungarians, just as the Bohemians were by the German officials.
[153]In German "Moldau."
[153]In German "Moldau."
[154]Kollar refers to those who, though of Slav origin, identified themselves with the Germans.
[154]Kollar refers to those who, though of Slav origin, identified themselves with the Germans.
[155]This is still perfectly true. In Mecklenburg and some parts of Prussia the names of many towns and villages are obviously of Slav origin, as are the family names of some of the oldest families which are derived from localities.
[155]This is still perfectly true. In Mecklenburg and some parts of Prussia the names of many towns and villages are obviously of Slav origin, as are the family names of some of the oldest families which are derived from localities.
[156]See later.
[156]See later.
[157]References to ancient Bohemian legends.
[157]References to ancient Bohemian legends.
[158]This was written some years ago, when the enthusiasm for the works of Tolstoy, Dostoievsky, Tourguenev, Goncharov, and others was at its height in Paris.
[158]This was written some years ago, when the enthusiasm for the works of Tolstoy, Dostoievsky, Tourguenev, Goncharov, and others was at its height in Paris.
[159]See my article on the "Bohemian Question,"Nineteenth Century, December 1898.
[159]See my article on the "Bohemian Question,"Nineteenth Century, December 1898.
[160]I have dwelt with more detail on this subject in a (Bohemian) essay on "Some references to Palacký in the Works of English Writers," which appeared in thePamatnik Palackého(Palacký Memorial), published in 1898 on the occasion of the centenary of Palacký's birth.
[160]I have dwelt with more detail on this subject in a (Bohemian) essay on "Some references to Palacký in the Works of English Writers," which appeared in thePamatnik Palackého(Palacký Memorial), published in 1898 on the occasion of the centenary of Palacký's birth.
[161]Professor Kalousek, in the interesting essay on the "Leading Idea of Palacký's Historical Work," which he contributed to the Palacký Memorial, has noted that the principles according to which Palacký'sHistory ofBohemiais written are in complete accordance with the rules established by Blair in his thirty-fifth and thirty-sixth lecture,On Historical Writing.
[161]Professor Kalousek, in the interesting essay on the "Leading Idea of Palacký's Historical Work," which he contributed to the Palacký Memorial, has noted that the principles according to which Palacký'sHistory ofBohemiais written are in complete accordance with the rules established by Blair in his thirty-fifth and thirty-sixth lecture,On Historical Writing.
[162]Since the above was written, Mr. Morfill has published an admirable "Grammar of the Bohemian Language," the first ever written in English. I can strongly recommend it to readers who wish to acquire the Bohemian language.
[162]Since the above was written, Mr. Morfill has published an admirable "Grammar of the Bohemian Language," the first ever written in English. I can strongly recommend it to readers who wish to acquire the Bohemian language.
[163]In his (German) work,Zur Böhmischen Geschichischreibung.
[163]In his (German) work,Zur Böhmischen Geschichischreibung.
[164]For further particulars I must again refer my readers to my article on "The Bohemian Question", published in theNineteenth Century, December 1898.
[164]For further particulars I must again refer my readers to my article on "The Bohemian Question", published in theNineteenth Century, December 1898.
[165]Mrs. Malybrok-Stieler has recently translatedVyšehradinto German (Prague Rivnác, 1898).
[165]Mrs. Malybrok-Stieler has recently translatedVyšehradinto German (Prague Rivnác, 1898).
[166]The late Dr. Albrecht, in hisNeuere Poesie aus BöhmenandNeuestePoesie aus Böhmen, published many German translations from Svatopluk Čech and Vrchlický. To the latter Dr. Albrecht devoted a whole volume.
[166]The late Dr. Albrecht, in hisNeuere Poesie aus BöhmenandNeuestePoesie aus Böhmen, published many German translations from Svatopluk Čech and Vrchlický. To the latter Dr. Albrecht devoted a whole volume.
Not unnecessarily to extend this list, I have enumerated only a few books, dealing either with Bohemian literature as a whole, or with considerable portions of it. Bohemian books have increased rapidly within the last few years. I have therefore left unmentioned many valuable monographs, which are indispensable to those who wish to acquire a more thorough knowledge of Bohemian literature than I have been able to give in this book. Literature and history are very closely connected in Bohemia, and many of the modern historians, such as Palacký, Gindely, Goll, Tieftrunk, Kalousek, and Flajšhans, throw a great deal of light also on the literature of Bohemia. Much valuable information on Bohemian literature is also contained in the numerous editions of ancient Bohemian writings—frequently mentioned in these pages—which appeared in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Most of them contain valuable commentaries and biographies. Besides the Journal of the Bohemian Museum, the yearly publications of the Bohemian Society of Sciences and of the Bohemian Academy incidentally devote their attention to the literature of the country. Periodicals such as theČesky Časopis historický,Lumir,Světozor,Osvěta, and others contain many interesting articles on Bohemian literature.
Časopis Musea Království Českého. Journal of the Museum of the Bohemian Kingdom. Published annually since 1827.
Dobrovský(Joseph). Geschichte der Böhmischen Sprache und Literatur. Prag, 1818.
FlajŠHans(Dr. Václav). Pisemnictvi České (Bohemian Literature). Prague, 1901.
Jeřábek(Dr. F. V.). Stará doba romantického básnictvi (The Ancient Period of Romantic Poetry). Prague, 1883.
Jireček(Dr. Joseph). Rukovět k dejinám literatury české do Konce XVIII. věku (Handbook of the History of Bohemian Literature up to the End of the Eighteenth Century). Prague, 1875 and 1876.
Jungmann(Joseph). Historie Literatury České (History of Bohemian Literature). Second enlarged edition. Prague, 1849.
Léger(Professor Louis). Le Monde Slave [1 vol.], Études Slaves [3 vols.], Russes et Slaves [2 vols.]. Professor Léger has devoted more than thirty years to the study of the Slavic race. All the books mentioned contain valuable essays on Bohemian literature.
Lützow(Count). Ancient Bohemian Literature (New Review, February 1897).
Lützow(Count). Lectures on the Historians of Bohemia; being the Ilchester Lectures for the Year 1904.
Morfill(W. R., M.A.). Slavonic Literature. Contains in a few pages a concise and interesting account of the literature of Bohemia.
Murko(Dr. Matthias). Anfänge der böhmischen Romantik. A very interesting work. Murko, however, attempts to prove too much when he maintains that the Bohemian patriots mainly imitated the Germans in their desire of national development.
Palacký(Franz). Würdigung der alten böhmischen Geschichtschreiber. New edition. Prague, 1869.
Palacký(Franz). Die Vorläufer des Hussitenthums. New edition. Prague, 1869.
Pypin(a. N.) andSpasovič; (V. D.). Geschichte der Slavischen Literaturen. Written in Russian, Translated into German by Traugott Pech. Nearly a whole volume is devoted to the history of Bohemian literature.
ŠŠafařik(Paul Joseph). Geschichte der slavischen Sprache und Literatur, New edition. Prague, 1869.
Talvij(Mrs. Robinson). Historical View of the Slavic Language and its Various Dialects. This is not an original work, but an extract From ŠŠafařik's Book That Has Just Been Mentioned. Palacký And Šafařik himself pointed this out many years ago.
Tieftrunk(Karel). Historie Literatury České (History of Bohemian Literature). Second edition. Prague, 1880.
Vlček(Jaroslav). Dejiny Literatury České (History of Bohemian Literature). This work is still incomplete, and appears in short parts at considerable intervals.
Wratislaw(Rev. A. H.). The Native Literature of Bohemia in the Fourteenth Century.
With the exception of Messrs. Pypin and Spasovič's work, I have quoted the titles of these books in the language in which they were published, adding an English translation of books published in Bohemian.