Whitforde, Richard: on secret contracts, i, 350.Whitefield, George: and the "great awakening," ii, 197.Whitgift, Archbishop: defends English marriage ritual, i, 301 n. 3;his controversy with Cartwright, 410-12;defends the divorce jurisdiction of the spiritual courts, ii, 81;presides in the council at Lambeth, 82 and n. 2.Whitney, H. C.: cited, iii,208n. 2.Whitmore, H. J.: quoted, iii,146.Whitmore, W. H.: on divorce in Massachusetts colony, ii, 331 and n. 4, 332;on the Freeman case, 338 n. 4.Widow-men: among the Chambioás, i, 109 and n. 1.Widow-sacrifice: i, 107 n. 1.Widows: their nuptials among early Germans, i, 273 n. 1;first to be emancipated from tutor's control, 277;hand covered at second nuptials, 305 and n. 3.Wife-capture, 1, 55, 56-58;origin according to Morgan, 69;McLennan's theory, 84, 85, 87 and n. 2, 117;Spencer on, 117-20, 176 n. 1;Lubbock on, 120;and the symbol of rape, 156-79;existing with wife-purchase, 179-84;its significance exaggerated, 158, 162, 163, 184;examples of actual, 158-62;the symbol of rape, 163-80;its coexistence with wife-purchase, 180-84;implies economic progress, 201;among the Germans, 258.Wife-lending, i, 49, 50 n. 1, 52;regulated in Australia, 53 n. 3, 71.Wife-pawning and mortgaging, i, 194 and n. 3.Wife-purchase, i, 55, 56-58;its origin according to Morgan, 69;place in the evolution of forms of marriage and the family, 55-65, 179;at dawn of Teutonic history, 156;place of, in the rise of the marriage contract, 179-201;whether a universal phase of evolution, 179, 180;coexistence with wife-capture, 180-84;extent of the custom, 184, 185;by exchange, 185, 186;by service, 186-89;for a price, 189-201;implies economic advancement, 201, 202;coexistent with free marriage, 210-20;not found among some low tribes, 217, 218;significance of gifts, 218, 219;checks divorce, 249 and n. 1;its existence among the Old English and early Germans, 253-86.Wilda, W. E.: on adultery among early Germans, ii, 35.Wilken, G. A.: on Arabian marriages, i, 17 and n. 3.Willard, Frances E.: leader of crusade against age-of-consent laws, iii,196.Willcox, Walter F.: cited, iii,206n. 2;on the divorce rate in United States and Europe,210and n. 5,211;marriage and divorce rates fall in hard times,215;influence of legislation on the divorce rate,216-18;uniform laws of Switzerland,222n. 3.Willeyv.Willey, iii,151.William the Conqueror: his separation of lay and ecclesiastical jurisdictions, Cartwright on, i, 411, 412.Willis and Bowne: their petition, ii, 292, 293.Windsor: regulates single men, ii, 152, 153.Winslow, Edward: imprisoned in the Fleet for solemnizing marriage, ii, 131, 132.Winsor, Justin: cited, i, 9 n. 1.Winthrop, Governor John: his testimony as to civil marriage, ii, 127;reason for not at first requiring it by statute, 132 n. 5;on the law of adultery, 170 n. 1;pre-contract, 179 n. 2;Bellingham's marriage, 210, 211.Winthrop, Widow: courted by Sewall, ii, 205, 207, 208.Wintun, i, 146 n. 1, 217.Wisconsin: marriage celebration in, ii, 462, 463, 265;witnesses, 265;unauthorized solemnization, 468;definition, 471;age of consent and of parental consent to marriage, 472, 473;forbidden degrees, 473-75;void and voidable marriages, 475-78;license, 487, 488;return, 489 and n. 3, 492;celebrant's record and marriage certificate, 492;state registration, 494, 495;divorce, iii,122-24;remarriage,149;residence,155;notice,158;common-law marriage,177;age of consent to carnal knowledge,203;divorce rate,210.Withington, C. F.: on consanguine marriages, i, 130 n. 2.Witnesses at marriage celebration: under law of 1653, i, 426;required by the Hardwicke Act, 458;under present English law, 471, 473.—— in the American colonies: Maryland, ii, 241;South Carolina, 260;New Jersey, 310;Pennsylvania, 318.—— in the states, Rhode Island, ii, 394;southern and southwestern, 423;middle and western, 465, 466;summary of laws, iii,190.Wittenberg consistory: as a model, ii, 70 n. 4.Witthum, or bride-price, i, 259.Wives by exchange, i, 185, 186;by service, 186-89.Wollstonecraft, Mary: her writings, iii,237,238.Woman: her alleged status under mother-right or matriarchy, i, 40-46;raised by a share in economic functions, 63;functions of, in sexual selection, 202, 206, 207;her liberty of choice in marriage, 208, 210;effect of a share in labor, 211 and n. 4;tutelage of, among early Germans, 259 n. 4.—— her treatment as to divorce, at Athens, ii, 12 and n. 3;among Hebrews, 12, 13, 20 n. 3;by the Roman law, 14-19, 32;according to scriptural teaching, 20;views of the early Fathers, 24-26;Augustine's view, 27;that of Basil and others, 28;Constantine's legislation, 30;that of Theodosius II., 31, 32;under early German law, 34-37;her equality according to Christian principle, 37;under Æthelberht, 39;Council of Soissons, 42;synods of Verberie and Compiègne, 42-44;penitentials, 45, 46;mature canon law, 53;at the Reformation, 62, 65, 66;English Reformers, 73;Hooper, 74;Bucer, 75, 76;Reformatio legum, 79;Milton, 86, 88-92;under parliamentary divorce, 105, 106;present English law, 110, 111, 114-17.—— her liberation involves the destiny of the family, iii,235;early literature regarding,236and nn. 1, 2, 3,237-39, notes;effect of her new activities,239-41;of higher education,242;does educated woman shun maternity,243-45;effects of coeducation,246;of political and economic equality,246-50;how involved in the divorce problem,250-53.Women: may celebrate marriages in Maine, ii, 393.Wood's case, ii, 384 and n. 2, 385.Wood, Thomas D.: on the family life of the future, iii,258,259.Wooer: the male as, i, 202-7;opportunity for free wooing under wife-purchase, 212.Wooing gifts, i, 218, 219.Woolsey, T. D.: on attempted divorce of Hipparete, ii, 12 n. 3;porneia, 20 n. 1;Jewish law of divorce, 20 n. 3;Paul's teaching regarding divorce, 21 n. 2;Hermas's views on divorce, 28 and n. 1;divorce by mutual consent under Christian emperors, 29, 30;Constantine's divorce law, 31;that of Theodosius II., 31, 32;adultery under Christian emperors, 32 n. 4;Luther's use of "desertion," 63 n. 1;Zurich ordinance of 1525, 64, 65;Luther's penalty for adultery, 67;Foljambe's case, 82 n. 2;voidable marriages, 94, 95;legislative divorce in the New England colonies, ii, 349 n. 2.Wotjäken: proof-marriages among, i, 49 and n. 2;wife-lending among, 49, 50;prostitution of girls, 49 n. 1.Wren, Bishop: his orders regarding the marriage celebration, i, 417 and n. 3.Wright, Carroll D.: his report on marriage and divorce, iii,205,209,210;quoted on migration for divorce,206;judicial administration of divorce laws,207;influence of legislation,218;late marriages,243;moral character of divorce,252,253.Wright's case, ii, 191 n. 2.Wundt, W.: cited, i, 98.Würtemberg: ordinance of, ii, 68.Wyandots: position of woman among, i, 45;polyandry prohibited among, 143 n. 1.Wyatt, Walter: the Fleet parson, i, 442 n. 1.Wyoming: marriage celebration in, ii, 464;witnesses, 465;unauthorized solemnization, 468;definition, 470;age of consent and of parental consent to marriage, 472, 473;forbidden degrees, 473-75;void and voidable marriages, 475-78;license, 487, 488;return, 489 and n. 3, 491;marriage certificate, 492;divorce, iii,130,131;remarriage,148;residence,157;notice,158;courts silent as to common-law marriage,182;age of consent to carnal knowledge,201.Yaméos: avoid marriage with persons of same community, i, 128.Young, Ernest: deniespatria potestas, among Germans, i, 260, note.York: its marriage ritual, i, 284, 301, 303-8, 311.Yucatan: pueblos in, i, 129;marriage by service, 186;husband's sole right of divorce, 231.Yurok, of California: husband's sole right of divorce among, i, 231.Zara: effects of divorce in, i, 242.Zeitehen, i, 49 and n. 3, 235 n. 1.Zimmer, H.: on Hindu wife-purchase, i, 197, 198 n. 1.Zoepfl, H.: on Tacitus's account of the betrothal, 262 n. 2;canon-law betrothal, 293 n. 1;divorce among the early Germans, ii, 34 n. 1.Zulus: bride-price among, i, 193, 194;love a check to divorce, 248.Zwingli, Ulrich: his liberal views on divorce, ii, 64.