Chapter 27

[244]Acts(1855, March 14), 376.[245]Act of March 16:Acts(1857), 137;Voorhies,Rev. Stat. Laws(1876), 313.[246]Compare the act of March 9:Acts(1870), 108; withActs(1877), 192.Voorhies,op. cit.(1884), 204-6, gives the law regarding the causes of divorce just asibid.(1876), 312-14; andibid.(1870), 18 ff.[247]As in 1827, in these cases, a divorce may be "granted in the same decree which pronounces the separation from bed and board."[248]Rev. Civil Code(1888), 68 ff.;ibid.(1897), 305, 306;ibid.(1870), 18 ff.Cf.Wright,Report, 97, 98. The habitual intemperance (Cause 3) and cruel treatment (Cause 4) must still be of "such a nature as to render their living together insupportable.""The abandonment (Cause 6) with which the husband or wife is charged must be made to appear by the three reiterated summonses made to him or her from month to month, directing him or her to return to the place of the matrimonial domicile and followed by a judgment which has sentenced him or her to comply with such request, together with a notification of the said judgment, given to him or her from month to month for three times successively."—Rev. Civil Code(1888), 70.[249]Act of July 4, 1898:Acts of the Assembly, 34.[250]Laws of the Rep. of Texas, V, 19-22; also inDallam,Digest(1845), 80, 81.Cf.the earlier act of 1837, inDallam,op. cit., 79.[251]Rev. Civil Stat.(1888), I, 885-88;Ann. Civil Stat.(1897), I, 1095, 1096. No. IV was added by act of May 27, 1876:Laws, 16.[252]Digest of Ark.(1894), 680-83;Rev. Stat.(1838), 333. Incurable insanity appears as a ground inCivil Code, sec. 464, as amended in 1873; but it was dropped byActs(1895), 76.[253]Act of May 2, 1890:U. S. Stat. at Large, XXVI, chap. 182, p. 81.[254]Ann. Stat. of Ind. Ter.(1899), 324.[255]Wilson,Stat. of Okla.(1903), II, 1119.[256]Richberg, "Incongruity of the Divorce Laws in the United States,"Publications of Mich. Pol. Sc. Association, No. 4, p. 58.For this act of Feb. 16, 1871, seeComp. Laws of the Ter. of Ariz., 1864-71(1871), 303, 304. The other six causes referred to in the text are (1) impotency; (2) marriage of a female under fourteen without parental consent and not ratified by her after reaching that age; (3) adultery in either without collusion or subsequent voluntary cohabiting; (4) extreme cruelty, or habitual intemperance, wilful desertion for one year, or neglect to provide for the wife; (5) force or fraud; (6) conviction of either of felony after marriage. For the earlier law see theHowell Code, 232 ff.; and the amendments of 1865, inComp. Laws(1871), 297-303.[257]Rev. Stat. of Ariz.(1887), 373, 374;cf.Wright,Report, 90. By the act of 1871 the period of desertion is fixed at one year; and it is two years by theHowell Code: Compiled Laws(1871), 298, 304.[258]Rev. Stat. of Ariz.(1901), 812-15; amended byActs(1903), 52.[259]Acts of N. M.(1901), 116 ff. For the earlier laws seeActs of the Ass. of N. M.(1886-87), 68;Comp. Laws(1897), 407. In case of permanent separation, without a dissolution of marriage, either spouse may institute a suit for division of property or disposal of the children; or the wife may bring suit for alimony alone:ibid., 116.[260]Compiled Laws of N. M.(1885), 514, 516.[261]Rev. Stat. and Codes of Porto Rico(1902), 813-17.[262]"Provided, that, when the suit is instituted by the party deserting, it appears that the desertion was caused by the extreme cruelty of the other party, or that the desertion of the wife was caused by the gross or wanton and cruel neglect of the husband to provide suitable maintenance for her, he being of sufficient ability to do so" (p. 30).[263]Act of Jan. 31:Acts and Joint Res.(1872), 30 ff.[264]Repealed by act of Dec. 20:Acts and Joint Res.(1878), 719.[265]Previous to 26 Geo. II., chap. 33.[266]H. W. Desaussure, in 2S. C. Equity Reports, 644 (revised edition).[267]Opinion of Justice Pope in McCreeryv.Davis, 44S. C. Reports, 195-227 (1894).[268]Comp. Stat. of D. C.(1894), 275, 276.[269]Moore,Code of D. C.(1902), 199, 200.[270]See the cases already cited,Acts(1826-27), 126.[271]Act of March 18, 1848:Acts of the Assembly(1847-48), 165, 166.[272]Code of Va.(1887), 562.[273]Act of April 1:Laws(1872), chap. 272, p. 445.[274]TheCode of Md.(1888) seems to be entirely silent as to remarriage.[275]Comp. Stat. of D. C.(1894), 275 ff., allowing entire freedom; superseded by the act of 1901:Moore,Code(1902), 199, 200.[276]Laws(1814), chap. 5; andHaywood,Manual(1819), 176. The same provision appears inLaws of the State of N. C.(1821), II, 1294.[277]Acts(1827-28), 20.[278]Rev. Code(1855), chap. 39, sec. 17, p. 254.[279]Act of April 7, 1869:Pub. Laws, 323.[280]All restriction is removed byLaws(1870-71), chap. 193, sec. 46, p. 343; also inCode of N. C.(1883), I, 518.[281]Compilation of Laws of Ga.(1812), 313.[282]For instance, seeHotchkiss,Codification(1845), 331;Cobb,Analysis(1846), 294 ff.;Cobb,Digest(1851), 226 ff.[283]Acts(1872), 14;ibid.(1879), 51; also inCode of Ga.(1896), II, 29, 30. A "verdict of divorce in 1866 will not authorize the guilty party to marry again without proof of a decree of court authorizing to marry."—62Ga., 408.[284]Act of Oct. 26, 1799:Scott,Laws of Tenn.(1821), I, 647.[285]Code of Tenn.(1884), 617;Shannon,Code(1896), 1050.[286]Littell,Stat. Laws of Ky.(1814), IV, 20. This restriction upon the defendant appears also in the act of 1812:ibid., IV, 407-10.[287]Acts(1819-20), 896.[288]Act of March 2, 1843:Acts(1842-43), 29, 30.[289]Kentucky Stat.(1899), 827.[290]Rev. Stat. of Ariz.(1887), 374;Comp. Laws of N. M.(1897), 407 ff.;Digest of Ark.(1894), 680 ff.;Ann. Stat. of Ind. Ter.(1899), 324-27;Laws of the Rep. of Tex.(act of Jan. 6, 1841), V, 20; alsoRev. Civil Stat. of Tex.(1888), I, 887;Ann. Civil Stat.(1897), I, 1095-1100;Code of W. Va.(1899), 660 ff.; alsoKelly,Rev. Stat. of W. Va.(1878), I, 495. The five-year limit for Missouri is fixed by the act of Jan. 24, 1835:Rev. Stat.(1835), 226; and is retained inRev. Stat.(1845), 428; andibid.(1879), I, 362; but it is struck out byLaws(1885), 159; and there is no restriction inRev. Stat.(1899), I, 741-44. But by the act of Jan. 31, 1833, it was provided that "when one of the parties ... shall be divorced, it shall ... be lawful for the other party to marry again, after two years shall have expired."—Laws of a Pub. and Gen. Nature(1842), II, 361.[291]Ann. Code of Miss.(1892), 420;Rev. Code(1857), 334.[292]Cf.Acts(1824), 61, 62;ibid.(1869-70), 76, 77;ibid.(1872-73), 122;Code of Ala.(1897), 492, 493.[293]Stat. of Okla.(1893), 876, 877;Wilson,Statutes(1903), II, 1122.[294]Digest of Civil Laws(1808), 28;Rev. Civil Code(1888), 68.[295]Rev. Laws(1897), 306;ibid.(1870), 21;Acts(1827), 132, 134; Acts (1855), 376, 377.[296]Rev. Stat. and Codes of Porto Rico(1902), 860.[297]Rev. Stat. of Fla.(1892), 820.[298]Act of March 18:Acts of the Assembly(1847-48), 165, 166.[299]Code of Va.(1887), 561.[300]Code of W. Va.(1900), 662;Acts(1882), chap. 60.[301]Act of Oct. 20, 1891:Acts(1890-91), 235.[302]Ky. Stat.(1894), 769, 770;Digest of Ark.(1894), 681.Cf.Wright,Report, 80.[303]Code of Ala.(1887), 525;ibid.(1897), 493.[304]Act of June 15, 1822:Code of Miss.(1848), 495.[305]Rev. Code(1857), 335.[306]Act of Dec. 1, 1863:Laws(1862-63), 125, 126.[307]Ann. Code of Miss.(1892), 421.[308]Rev. Stat. of Fla.(1892), 504. But by the act of May 19, 1899, "when the defendant has been guilty of adultery in this state," then any citizen of the state, being the aggrieved, may get a divorce at any time, the two years' previous residence not being required:Acts and Res.(1899), 117.Cf.Comp. Stat. of D. C.(1894), 276, requiring two years; superseded by the act of 1901:Moore,Code(1902), 200.[309]Code of Tenn.(1884), 612;Shannon,Code(1896), 1044 n. 2. Earlier the condition was citizenship and residence for one year: Act of Oct. 26, 1799:Scott,Laws(1821), I, 647; same in 1835, except the petitioner may have been absent on business or for health:Caruthers and Nicholson,Compilation(1836), 260; also see 5Yerg., 203. A male citizen bringing suit for divorce must give bond and security for costs:Acts(1891), chap. 221, p. 433. On divorce in a foreign state see 3Lea, 260.[310]Code of Md.(1888), I, 144;cf.Laws(1841-42), chap. 262;Laws(1843), chap. 287;Laws(1886), chap. 10.[311]Laws(1814), chap. 5;Haywood,Manual(1819), 177;Laws(1821), II, 1294, 1295.[312]Code of N. C.(1883), I, 575. SeeWright,Report, 83;Pub. Laws(1903), 846.[313]The plaintiff must also be abona fideresident of the state:Rev. Civil Stat. of Tex.(1888), I, 886;Ann. Civil Stat.(1897), I, 1097.[314]By act of Congress, May 25, 1896:Stat. at Large, XXIX, 136, not less than one year's previous residence in any of the territories is required to entitle the plaintiff to bring suit for divorce. SeeRev. Stat. of Ariz.(1901), 813;Acts of N. M.(1901), 117;Wilson,Stat. of Okla.(1903), II, 1119.[315]Rev. Stat. of Mo.(1889), I, 1030;ibid.(1899), I, 742, 743. This provision for residence appears in the statutes from 1835 onward:Rev. Stat.(1835), 225;ibid.(1845), 427;ibid.(1879), 361; and the period is one year by the act of May 13, 1807;Laws of Pub. and Gen. Nature(1842), I, 92.[316]Digest of Ark.(1894), 681;Ann. Stat. of Ind. Ter.(1899), 325. The statute does not contemplate "constructive" residence; and applies to limited as well as absolute divorce: see Woodv.Wood, 54Ark., 172; 15S. W., 459.[317]Rev. Stat. and Codes of Porto Rico(1902), 814.[318]Rev. Civil Code of La.(1888), 69;ibid.(1870), 19.[319]Code of N. C.(1883), I, 81, 82;Wright,Report, 88.[320]Code of Tenn.(1884), 613;Wright,Report, 88.[321]Comp. Laws(1897), 408.[322]CompareRev. Stat. of Fla.(1892), 505;Wright,Report, 87.[323]Code of Va.(1887), 561;Code of W. Va.(1900), 662;Code of Md.(1888), 142;Ann. Code of Miss.(1892), 421;Code of Ga.(1882), 395;ibid.(1896), II, 227;Digest of Ark.(1894), 681;Ann. Stat. of Ind. Ter.(1899), 325. SeeWright,Report, 85-89.By the Alabama Act of Dec. 14, 1898, in case of a decreepro confessotaken in the chancery court, the evidence having been taken and the cause being ready for decree, and no defense being interposed, if the complainant or his solicitor shall file a written request to the register or the clerk of the court to deliver the papers in the suit to the chancellor or judge, at the same time submitting his note of testimony in the case, then the chancellor shall render a decree in term time or in vacation:Gen. Laws of Ala.(1898-99), 118.[324]Rev. Stat. of Mo.(1899), I, 742;Rev. Stat. of Ariz.(1887), 373 ff.;ibid.(1901), 439;Rev. Civil Stat. of Tex.(1888), I, 885 ff.;Stat. of Okla.(1893), 875;Wilson,Stat. of Okla.(1903), II, 1120;Moore,Code of D. C.(1901), 21.[325]For example, byCode of Va.(1887), 620;Code of W. Va.(1891), 666;ibid.(1900), 713;Code of N. C.(1883), I, 518;Code of Ga.(1896), II, 230;Rev. Stat. of Fla.(1892), 505;Rev. Stat. of Ariz.(1901), 814;Rev. Civil Stat. of Tex.(1888), I, 887;Ann. Civil Stat. of Tex.(1897), I, 1099;Comp. Stat. of D. C.(1894), 276, 277.[326]Code of Ga.(1882), 396;Rev. Civil Stat. of Tex.(1888), I, 886;Ann. Civil Stat. of Tex.(1897), I, 1097;Code of N. C.(1883), I, 516.[327]Ky. Stat.(1894), 767.[328]Digest of Ark.(1894), 683;Ann. Stat. of Ind. Ter.(1899), 327;Stat. of Ky.(1894), 772;Rev. Stat. of Mo.(1899), I, 740;Stat. of Okla.(1893), 876;Wilson,Stat. of Okla.(1903), II, 1121;Comp. Stat. of D. C.(1894), 277;Moore,Code of D. C.(1902), 200.[329]Moore,Code of D. C.(1902), 201.[330]Rev. Civil Code of La.(1888), 69.[331]Laws of Tex.(1897), 49;Code of N. C.(1883), I, 516;Stat. of Okla.(1893), 877, 878;Wilson,Stat. of Okla.(1903), II, 1123:Acts and Res. of Fla.(1885), 24.[332]As byKentucky Stat.(1894), 770, 771;Digest of Ark.(1894), 683;Ann. Stat. of Ind. Ter.(1899), 327;Code of Va.(1887), 562, 563;Code of W. Va.(1891), 614;ibid.(1900), 663.[333]Code of Va.(1887), 562;cf.Code of W. Va.(1900), 662.[334]Code of N. C.(1883), I, 517.[335]Digest of Ark.(1894), 681;Ann. Stat. of Ind. Ter.(1899), 326.[336]Rev.Civil Stat. of La.(1888), 70-72;ibid.(1870), 19-21;ibid.(1897), 306.[337]Code of Ga.(1896), II, 236;Rev. Stat. of Fla.(1892), 505;Stat. of Okla.(1893), 877;Wilson,Stat. of Okla.(1903), II, 1123;Code of Va.(1887), 562.Cf., for Virginia, 4H. and M., 507; 4Rand., 662: 1Rob., 608; 1Minor'sInst., 282.[338]Laws of N. C.(1814), chap. 5;Haywood,Manual(1819), 174 ff. It may be noted that the act of 1814 lays on the party "cast" in each divorce suit a tax of ten pounds payable to the state:ibid., 177.[339]Acts(1816), chap. 33: also inHaywood,Manual, 177, 178.[340]Acts(1828-29), 25.[341]Code of N. C.(1883), I, 696, 700; andLaws(1893), chap. 153, pp. 114-16, amendingLaws(1871-72), chap. 193, sec. 44. By the law of the District of Columbia, "in case of adultery of the wife, committed after ... divorce from bed and board, the court may, on petition of the husband ... deprive the wife of alimony from the date of her said criminal act, and rescind her right of dower, as well as dispossess her ... of the care, custody, and guardianship" of any child awarded to her by the original judgment:Comp. Stat.(1894), 277.Cf.Moore,Code, 201.[342]Rev. Civil Stat.(1889), I, 1036.Cf.61Mo., 148; and 57Mo., 200; 3M. A., 321.[343]Code of Tenn.(1884), 616, 617. "If the wife, at the time of a decree dissolving the marriage, be the owner of any lands, or have in her possession goods or chattels or choses in action acquired by her own industry or given to her by devise or otherwise, or which may have come to her, or to which she may be entitled by the decease of any relative intestate, she shall have entire and exclusive dominion and control thereof, and may sue for and recover the same in her own name subject, however, to the rights of creditors who became such before the decree was pronounced." When "a marriage is dissolved at the suit of the husband, and the defendant is owner, in her own right, of lands, his right to and interest therein and to the rents and profits of the same, shall not be taken away or impaired by the dissolution."—Ibid., 616, 617.Cf.Shannon,Code(1896), 1050.[344]Code of Ga.(1896), II, 237; and 43Ga., 295. But in case ofbona-fideseparation without divorce alimony may be granted:Code(1882), 401:ibid.(1896), II, 235.[345]Rev. Civil Code(1888), 72, 73;ibid.(1870), 20.In general, on all these provisions, see alsoCode of Md.(1888), I, 143, 144;Rev. Civil Stat. of Mo.(1899), I, 742, 743;Code of Ga.(1896), II, 230 ff.;Ann. Code of Miss.(1892), 420;Digest of Ark.(1894), 681 ff.;Ann. Stat. of Ind. Ter.(1899), 325-27;Stat. of Okla.(1893), 875 ff.;Wilson,Stat. of Okla.(1903), II, 1119-28;Kentucky Stat.(1903), 846-51;Rev. Stat. of Ariz.(1887), 374, 375;ibid.(1901), 814, 815;Rev. Stat. of Fla.(1892), 505, 506;Rev. Civil Stat. of Tex.(1888), I, 886-88.[346]In this section are analyzed the statutes of the following twenty-six states, districts, and territories: Alaska, California, Colorado, Delaware, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.[347]Special divorce acts may be found in theTer. Laws of Mich., II, 655, 709, 710, 752, 753, 769; III, 840, 842, 847, 895, 901, 905 (three cases), 907 (two cases).[348]Laws of Ill.(1817-18), 356.[349]Thus on Jan. 15, 1825, two decrees were granted in one bill:Laws(1825), 120.[350]Act of Feb. 15, 1831:Laws, 71, 72. There is another example inLaws(1839), 79.[351]Laws of a Local Nature(1838), 406.[352]Laws of a Local Nature(1842), 117.[353]Cf.ibid.(1842), 119, 120, 121;ibid.(1844), 148;ibid.(1849), 203, 300 (two cases);ibid.(1850), 105, 129, 194, 342, 344;ibid.(1851), 404, 441, 497.[354]Laws of Minn.(1849), 89.[355]Ibid.[356]For examples seeLaws(1851), 39, 40 (four cases); andibid.(1852), 60, 61 (two cases). Seven of the acts cited are also given or restated inCollected Stat. of the Ter. of Minn. and Decis. of Supreme Court(1853).[357]Here is an example: "The bonds of matrimony between Obediah J. Niles and Hannah M. Niles shall be and the same are hereby dissolved."—Laws and Resolutions, I, 373 (act of Feb., 1857). For other cases seeibid., 569, 570 (two cases, 1858), 653-55, 656 (three cases, 1860), 766, 767 (two cases, 1861). On Jan. 23, 1856, six petitions in one bill were referred to the judge of the district court for the first judicial district with power to dissolve marriage:ibid., 300.[358]Private Laws of Kan.(1860), 232-54. For other cases seeibid.(1858), 10-12 (three cases); andibid.(1859), 41-45 (eight cases).[359]Cf.Laws of Ia.(1840), 12;ibid.(1840-41), 7, 12;ibid.(1841-42), 3, 11, 13, 28, 30, 31, 66, 73, 94, 95 (eleven cases);ibid.(1842-43), 82-84 (nineteen cases);ibid.(1845-46), 42, 48, 51, 52, 61, 72, 79 (eleven cases).[360]There are two cases inLaws and Res.(1871), 86, 91; others inGen. Laws(1879), 54, 59-61; five inibid.(1881), 439-41; and four inibid.(1883), 164, 165.[361]The Private and Spec. Laws of Mont.(1864-65), 554, 610, 685, 695, 699, 700, show nine cases of legislative divorce.[362]For examples seeSpec. Laws(1857), 12;ibid.(1857-58), 107, 108, 110, 111, 112 (twelve cases);ibid.(1858-59), 92-107 (thirty-one cases).[363]SeeActs(1858), 53, 54;ibid.(1859), 62;ibid.(1860: private laws), 473-79;Session Laws(1861: local laws), 71, 73, 74, 81, 83, 92, 93, 101-3, 110, 131, 132;ibid.(1862), Index;ibid.(1863), 138-44.

[244]Acts(1855, March 14), 376.

[245]Act of March 16:Acts(1857), 137;Voorhies,Rev. Stat. Laws(1876), 313.

[246]Compare the act of March 9:Acts(1870), 108; withActs(1877), 192.Voorhies,op. cit.(1884), 204-6, gives the law regarding the causes of divorce just asibid.(1876), 312-14; andibid.(1870), 18 ff.

[247]As in 1827, in these cases, a divorce may be "granted in the same decree which pronounces the separation from bed and board."

[248]Rev. Civil Code(1888), 68 ff.;ibid.(1897), 305, 306;ibid.(1870), 18 ff.Cf.Wright,Report, 97, 98. The habitual intemperance (Cause 3) and cruel treatment (Cause 4) must still be of "such a nature as to render their living together insupportable.""The abandonment (Cause 6) with which the husband or wife is charged must be made to appear by the three reiterated summonses made to him or her from month to month, directing him or her to return to the place of the matrimonial domicile and followed by a judgment which has sentenced him or her to comply with such request, together with a notification of the said judgment, given to him or her from month to month for three times successively."—Rev. Civil Code(1888), 70.

"The abandonment (Cause 6) with which the husband or wife is charged must be made to appear by the three reiterated summonses made to him or her from month to month, directing him or her to return to the place of the matrimonial domicile and followed by a judgment which has sentenced him or her to comply with such request, together with a notification of the said judgment, given to him or her from month to month for three times successively."—Rev. Civil Code(1888), 70.

[249]Act of July 4, 1898:Acts of the Assembly, 34.

[250]Laws of the Rep. of Texas, V, 19-22; also inDallam,Digest(1845), 80, 81.Cf.the earlier act of 1837, inDallam,op. cit., 79.

[251]Rev. Civil Stat.(1888), I, 885-88;Ann. Civil Stat.(1897), I, 1095, 1096. No. IV was added by act of May 27, 1876:Laws, 16.

[252]Digest of Ark.(1894), 680-83;Rev. Stat.(1838), 333. Incurable insanity appears as a ground inCivil Code, sec. 464, as amended in 1873; but it was dropped byActs(1895), 76.

[253]Act of May 2, 1890:U. S. Stat. at Large, XXVI, chap. 182, p. 81.

[254]Ann. Stat. of Ind. Ter.(1899), 324.

[255]Wilson,Stat. of Okla.(1903), II, 1119.

[256]Richberg, "Incongruity of the Divorce Laws in the United States,"Publications of Mich. Pol. Sc. Association, No. 4, p. 58.For this act of Feb. 16, 1871, seeComp. Laws of the Ter. of Ariz., 1864-71(1871), 303, 304. The other six causes referred to in the text are (1) impotency; (2) marriage of a female under fourteen without parental consent and not ratified by her after reaching that age; (3) adultery in either without collusion or subsequent voluntary cohabiting; (4) extreme cruelty, or habitual intemperance, wilful desertion for one year, or neglect to provide for the wife; (5) force or fraud; (6) conviction of either of felony after marriage. For the earlier law see theHowell Code, 232 ff.; and the amendments of 1865, inComp. Laws(1871), 297-303.

[256]Richberg, "Incongruity of the Divorce Laws in the United States,"Publications of Mich. Pol. Sc. Association, No. 4, p. 58.

For this act of Feb. 16, 1871, seeComp. Laws of the Ter. of Ariz., 1864-71(1871), 303, 304. The other six causes referred to in the text are (1) impotency; (2) marriage of a female under fourteen without parental consent and not ratified by her after reaching that age; (3) adultery in either without collusion or subsequent voluntary cohabiting; (4) extreme cruelty, or habitual intemperance, wilful desertion for one year, or neglect to provide for the wife; (5) force or fraud; (6) conviction of either of felony after marriage. For the earlier law see theHowell Code, 232 ff.; and the amendments of 1865, inComp. Laws(1871), 297-303.

[257]Rev. Stat. of Ariz.(1887), 373, 374;cf.Wright,Report, 90. By the act of 1871 the period of desertion is fixed at one year; and it is two years by theHowell Code: Compiled Laws(1871), 298, 304.

[258]Rev. Stat. of Ariz.(1901), 812-15; amended byActs(1903), 52.

[259]Acts of N. M.(1901), 116 ff. For the earlier laws seeActs of the Ass. of N. M.(1886-87), 68;Comp. Laws(1897), 407. In case of permanent separation, without a dissolution of marriage, either spouse may institute a suit for division of property or disposal of the children; or the wife may bring suit for alimony alone:ibid., 116.

[260]Compiled Laws of N. M.(1885), 514, 516.

[261]Rev. Stat. and Codes of Porto Rico(1902), 813-17.

[262]"Provided, that, when the suit is instituted by the party deserting, it appears that the desertion was caused by the extreme cruelty of the other party, or that the desertion of the wife was caused by the gross or wanton and cruel neglect of the husband to provide suitable maintenance for her, he being of sufficient ability to do so" (p. 30).

[263]Act of Jan. 31:Acts and Joint Res.(1872), 30 ff.

[264]Repealed by act of Dec. 20:Acts and Joint Res.(1878), 719.

[265]Previous to 26 Geo. II., chap. 33.

[266]H. W. Desaussure, in 2S. C. Equity Reports, 644 (revised edition).

[267]Opinion of Justice Pope in McCreeryv.Davis, 44S. C. Reports, 195-227 (1894).

[268]Comp. Stat. of D. C.(1894), 275, 276.

[269]Moore,Code of D. C.(1902), 199, 200.

[270]See the cases already cited,Acts(1826-27), 126.

[271]Act of March 18, 1848:Acts of the Assembly(1847-48), 165, 166.

[272]Code of Va.(1887), 562.

[273]Act of April 1:Laws(1872), chap. 272, p. 445.

[274]TheCode of Md.(1888) seems to be entirely silent as to remarriage.

[275]Comp. Stat. of D. C.(1894), 275 ff., allowing entire freedom; superseded by the act of 1901:Moore,Code(1902), 199, 200.

[276]Laws(1814), chap. 5; andHaywood,Manual(1819), 176. The same provision appears inLaws of the State of N. C.(1821), II, 1294.

[277]Acts(1827-28), 20.

[278]Rev. Code(1855), chap. 39, sec. 17, p. 254.

[279]Act of April 7, 1869:Pub. Laws, 323.

[280]All restriction is removed byLaws(1870-71), chap. 193, sec. 46, p. 343; also inCode of N. C.(1883), I, 518.

[281]Compilation of Laws of Ga.(1812), 313.

[282]For instance, seeHotchkiss,Codification(1845), 331;Cobb,Analysis(1846), 294 ff.;Cobb,Digest(1851), 226 ff.

[283]Acts(1872), 14;ibid.(1879), 51; also inCode of Ga.(1896), II, 29, 30. A "verdict of divorce in 1866 will not authorize the guilty party to marry again without proof of a decree of court authorizing to marry."—62Ga., 408.

[284]Act of Oct. 26, 1799:Scott,Laws of Tenn.(1821), I, 647.

[285]Code of Tenn.(1884), 617;Shannon,Code(1896), 1050.

[286]Littell,Stat. Laws of Ky.(1814), IV, 20. This restriction upon the defendant appears also in the act of 1812:ibid., IV, 407-10.

[287]Acts(1819-20), 896.

[288]Act of March 2, 1843:Acts(1842-43), 29, 30.

[289]Kentucky Stat.(1899), 827.

[290]Rev. Stat. of Ariz.(1887), 374;Comp. Laws of N. M.(1897), 407 ff.;Digest of Ark.(1894), 680 ff.;Ann. Stat. of Ind. Ter.(1899), 324-27;Laws of the Rep. of Tex.(act of Jan. 6, 1841), V, 20; alsoRev. Civil Stat. of Tex.(1888), I, 887;Ann. Civil Stat.(1897), I, 1095-1100;Code of W. Va.(1899), 660 ff.; alsoKelly,Rev. Stat. of W. Va.(1878), I, 495. The five-year limit for Missouri is fixed by the act of Jan. 24, 1835:Rev. Stat.(1835), 226; and is retained inRev. Stat.(1845), 428; andibid.(1879), I, 362; but it is struck out byLaws(1885), 159; and there is no restriction inRev. Stat.(1899), I, 741-44. But by the act of Jan. 31, 1833, it was provided that "when one of the parties ... shall be divorced, it shall ... be lawful for the other party to marry again, after two years shall have expired."—Laws of a Pub. and Gen. Nature(1842), II, 361.

[291]Ann. Code of Miss.(1892), 420;Rev. Code(1857), 334.

[292]Cf.Acts(1824), 61, 62;ibid.(1869-70), 76, 77;ibid.(1872-73), 122;Code of Ala.(1897), 492, 493.

[293]Stat. of Okla.(1893), 876, 877;Wilson,Statutes(1903), II, 1122.

[294]Digest of Civil Laws(1808), 28;Rev. Civil Code(1888), 68.

[295]Rev. Laws(1897), 306;ibid.(1870), 21;Acts(1827), 132, 134; Acts (1855), 376, 377.

[296]Rev. Stat. and Codes of Porto Rico(1902), 860.

[297]Rev. Stat. of Fla.(1892), 820.

[298]Act of March 18:Acts of the Assembly(1847-48), 165, 166.

[299]Code of Va.(1887), 561.

[300]Code of W. Va.(1900), 662;Acts(1882), chap. 60.

[301]Act of Oct. 20, 1891:Acts(1890-91), 235.

[302]Ky. Stat.(1894), 769, 770;Digest of Ark.(1894), 681.Cf.Wright,Report, 80.

[303]Code of Ala.(1887), 525;ibid.(1897), 493.

[304]Act of June 15, 1822:Code of Miss.(1848), 495.

[305]Rev. Code(1857), 335.

[306]Act of Dec. 1, 1863:Laws(1862-63), 125, 126.

[307]Ann. Code of Miss.(1892), 421.

[308]Rev. Stat. of Fla.(1892), 504. But by the act of May 19, 1899, "when the defendant has been guilty of adultery in this state," then any citizen of the state, being the aggrieved, may get a divorce at any time, the two years' previous residence not being required:Acts and Res.(1899), 117.Cf.Comp. Stat. of D. C.(1894), 276, requiring two years; superseded by the act of 1901:Moore,Code(1902), 200.

[309]Code of Tenn.(1884), 612;Shannon,Code(1896), 1044 n. 2. Earlier the condition was citizenship and residence for one year: Act of Oct. 26, 1799:Scott,Laws(1821), I, 647; same in 1835, except the petitioner may have been absent on business or for health:Caruthers and Nicholson,Compilation(1836), 260; also see 5Yerg., 203. A male citizen bringing suit for divorce must give bond and security for costs:Acts(1891), chap. 221, p. 433. On divorce in a foreign state see 3Lea, 260.

[310]Code of Md.(1888), I, 144;cf.Laws(1841-42), chap. 262;Laws(1843), chap. 287;Laws(1886), chap. 10.

[311]Laws(1814), chap. 5;Haywood,Manual(1819), 177;Laws(1821), II, 1294, 1295.

[312]Code of N. C.(1883), I, 575. SeeWright,Report, 83;Pub. Laws(1903), 846.

[313]The plaintiff must also be abona fideresident of the state:Rev. Civil Stat. of Tex.(1888), I, 886;Ann. Civil Stat.(1897), I, 1097.

[314]By act of Congress, May 25, 1896:Stat. at Large, XXIX, 136, not less than one year's previous residence in any of the territories is required to entitle the plaintiff to bring suit for divorce. SeeRev. Stat. of Ariz.(1901), 813;Acts of N. M.(1901), 117;Wilson,Stat. of Okla.(1903), II, 1119.

[315]Rev. Stat. of Mo.(1889), I, 1030;ibid.(1899), I, 742, 743. This provision for residence appears in the statutes from 1835 onward:Rev. Stat.(1835), 225;ibid.(1845), 427;ibid.(1879), 361; and the period is one year by the act of May 13, 1807;Laws of Pub. and Gen. Nature(1842), I, 92.

[316]Digest of Ark.(1894), 681;Ann. Stat. of Ind. Ter.(1899), 325. The statute does not contemplate "constructive" residence; and applies to limited as well as absolute divorce: see Woodv.Wood, 54Ark., 172; 15S. W., 459.

[317]Rev. Stat. and Codes of Porto Rico(1902), 814.

[318]Rev. Civil Code of La.(1888), 69;ibid.(1870), 19.

[319]Code of N. C.(1883), I, 81, 82;Wright,Report, 88.

[320]Code of Tenn.(1884), 613;Wright,Report, 88.

[321]Comp. Laws(1897), 408.

[322]CompareRev. Stat. of Fla.(1892), 505;Wright,Report, 87.

[323]Code of Va.(1887), 561;Code of W. Va.(1900), 662;Code of Md.(1888), 142;Ann. Code of Miss.(1892), 421;Code of Ga.(1882), 395;ibid.(1896), II, 227;Digest of Ark.(1894), 681;Ann. Stat. of Ind. Ter.(1899), 325. SeeWright,Report, 85-89.By the Alabama Act of Dec. 14, 1898, in case of a decreepro confessotaken in the chancery court, the evidence having been taken and the cause being ready for decree, and no defense being interposed, if the complainant or his solicitor shall file a written request to the register or the clerk of the court to deliver the papers in the suit to the chancellor or judge, at the same time submitting his note of testimony in the case, then the chancellor shall render a decree in term time or in vacation:Gen. Laws of Ala.(1898-99), 118.

By the Alabama Act of Dec. 14, 1898, in case of a decreepro confessotaken in the chancery court, the evidence having been taken and the cause being ready for decree, and no defense being interposed, if the complainant or his solicitor shall file a written request to the register or the clerk of the court to deliver the papers in the suit to the chancellor or judge, at the same time submitting his note of testimony in the case, then the chancellor shall render a decree in term time or in vacation:Gen. Laws of Ala.(1898-99), 118.

[324]Rev. Stat. of Mo.(1899), I, 742;Rev. Stat. of Ariz.(1887), 373 ff.;ibid.(1901), 439;Rev. Civil Stat. of Tex.(1888), I, 885 ff.;Stat. of Okla.(1893), 875;Wilson,Stat. of Okla.(1903), II, 1120;Moore,Code of D. C.(1901), 21.

[325]For example, byCode of Va.(1887), 620;Code of W. Va.(1891), 666;ibid.(1900), 713;Code of N. C.(1883), I, 518;Code of Ga.(1896), II, 230;Rev. Stat. of Fla.(1892), 505;Rev. Stat. of Ariz.(1901), 814;Rev. Civil Stat. of Tex.(1888), I, 887;Ann. Civil Stat. of Tex.(1897), I, 1099;Comp. Stat. of D. C.(1894), 276, 277.

[326]Code of Ga.(1882), 396;Rev. Civil Stat. of Tex.(1888), I, 886;Ann. Civil Stat. of Tex.(1897), I, 1097;Code of N. C.(1883), I, 516.

[327]Ky. Stat.(1894), 767.

[328]Digest of Ark.(1894), 683;Ann. Stat. of Ind. Ter.(1899), 327;Stat. of Ky.(1894), 772;Rev. Stat. of Mo.(1899), I, 740;Stat. of Okla.(1893), 876;Wilson,Stat. of Okla.(1903), II, 1121;Comp. Stat. of D. C.(1894), 277;Moore,Code of D. C.(1902), 200.

[329]Moore,Code of D. C.(1902), 201.

[330]Rev. Civil Code of La.(1888), 69.

[331]Laws of Tex.(1897), 49;Code of N. C.(1883), I, 516;Stat. of Okla.(1893), 877, 878;Wilson,Stat. of Okla.(1903), II, 1123:Acts and Res. of Fla.(1885), 24.

[332]As byKentucky Stat.(1894), 770, 771;Digest of Ark.(1894), 683;Ann. Stat. of Ind. Ter.(1899), 327;Code of Va.(1887), 562, 563;Code of W. Va.(1891), 614;ibid.(1900), 663.

[333]Code of Va.(1887), 562;cf.Code of W. Va.(1900), 662.

[334]Code of N. C.(1883), I, 517.

[335]Digest of Ark.(1894), 681;Ann. Stat. of Ind. Ter.(1899), 326.

[336]Rev.Civil Stat. of La.(1888), 70-72;ibid.(1870), 19-21;ibid.(1897), 306.

[337]Code of Ga.(1896), II, 236;Rev. Stat. of Fla.(1892), 505;Stat. of Okla.(1893), 877;Wilson,Stat. of Okla.(1903), II, 1123;Code of Va.(1887), 562.Cf., for Virginia, 4H. and M., 507; 4Rand., 662: 1Rob., 608; 1Minor'sInst., 282.

[338]Laws of N. C.(1814), chap. 5;Haywood,Manual(1819), 174 ff. It may be noted that the act of 1814 lays on the party "cast" in each divorce suit a tax of ten pounds payable to the state:ibid., 177.

[339]Acts(1816), chap. 33: also inHaywood,Manual, 177, 178.

[340]Acts(1828-29), 25.

[341]Code of N. C.(1883), I, 696, 700; andLaws(1893), chap. 153, pp. 114-16, amendingLaws(1871-72), chap. 193, sec. 44. By the law of the District of Columbia, "in case of adultery of the wife, committed after ... divorce from bed and board, the court may, on petition of the husband ... deprive the wife of alimony from the date of her said criminal act, and rescind her right of dower, as well as dispossess her ... of the care, custody, and guardianship" of any child awarded to her by the original judgment:Comp. Stat.(1894), 277.Cf.Moore,Code, 201.

[342]Rev. Civil Stat.(1889), I, 1036.Cf.61Mo., 148; and 57Mo., 200; 3M. A., 321.

[343]Code of Tenn.(1884), 616, 617. "If the wife, at the time of a decree dissolving the marriage, be the owner of any lands, or have in her possession goods or chattels or choses in action acquired by her own industry or given to her by devise or otherwise, or which may have come to her, or to which she may be entitled by the decease of any relative intestate, she shall have entire and exclusive dominion and control thereof, and may sue for and recover the same in her own name subject, however, to the rights of creditors who became such before the decree was pronounced." When "a marriage is dissolved at the suit of the husband, and the defendant is owner, in her own right, of lands, his right to and interest therein and to the rents and profits of the same, shall not be taken away or impaired by the dissolution."—Ibid., 616, 617.Cf.Shannon,Code(1896), 1050.

[344]Code of Ga.(1896), II, 237; and 43Ga., 295. But in case ofbona-fideseparation without divorce alimony may be granted:Code(1882), 401:ibid.(1896), II, 235.

[345]Rev. Civil Code(1888), 72, 73;ibid.(1870), 20.In general, on all these provisions, see alsoCode of Md.(1888), I, 143, 144;Rev. Civil Stat. of Mo.(1899), I, 742, 743;Code of Ga.(1896), II, 230 ff.;Ann. Code of Miss.(1892), 420;Digest of Ark.(1894), 681 ff.;Ann. Stat. of Ind. Ter.(1899), 325-27;Stat. of Okla.(1893), 875 ff.;Wilson,Stat. of Okla.(1903), II, 1119-28;Kentucky Stat.(1903), 846-51;Rev. Stat. of Ariz.(1887), 374, 375;ibid.(1901), 814, 815;Rev. Stat. of Fla.(1892), 505, 506;Rev. Civil Stat. of Tex.(1888), I, 886-88.

[345]Rev. Civil Code(1888), 72, 73;ibid.(1870), 20.

In general, on all these provisions, see alsoCode of Md.(1888), I, 143, 144;Rev. Civil Stat. of Mo.(1899), I, 742, 743;Code of Ga.(1896), II, 230 ff.;Ann. Code of Miss.(1892), 420;Digest of Ark.(1894), 681 ff.;Ann. Stat. of Ind. Ter.(1899), 325-27;Stat. of Okla.(1893), 875 ff.;Wilson,Stat. of Okla.(1903), II, 1119-28;Kentucky Stat.(1903), 846-51;Rev. Stat. of Ariz.(1887), 374, 375;ibid.(1901), 814, 815;Rev. Stat. of Fla.(1892), 505, 506;Rev. Civil Stat. of Tex.(1888), I, 886-88.

[346]In this section are analyzed the statutes of the following twenty-six states, districts, and territories: Alaska, California, Colorado, Delaware, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.

[347]Special divorce acts may be found in theTer. Laws of Mich., II, 655, 709, 710, 752, 753, 769; III, 840, 842, 847, 895, 901, 905 (three cases), 907 (two cases).

[348]Laws of Ill.(1817-18), 356.

[349]Thus on Jan. 15, 1825, two decrees were granted in one bill:Laws(1825), 120.

[350]Act of Feb. 15, 1831:Laws, 71, 72. There is another example inLaws(1839), 79.

[351]Laws of a Local Nature(1838), 406.

[352]Laws of a Local Nature(1842), 117.

[353]Cf.ibid.(1842), 119, 120, 121;ibid.(1844), 148;ibid.(1849), 203, 300 (two cases);ibid.(1850), 105, 129, 194, 342, 344;ibid.(1851), 404, 441, 497.

[354]Laws of Minn.(1849), 89.

[355]Ibid.

[356]For examples seeLaws(1851), 39, 40 (four cases); andibid.(1852), 60, 61 (two cases). Seven of the acts cited are also given or restated inCollected Stat. of the Ter. of Minn. and Decis. of Supreme Court(1853).

[357]Here is an example: "The bonds of matrimony between Obediah J. Niles and Hannah M. Niles shall be and the same are hereby dissolved."—Laws and Resolutions, I, 373 (act of Feb., 1857). For other cases seeibid., 569, 570 (two cases, 1858), 653-55, 656 (three cases, 1860), 766, 767 (two cases, 1861). On Jan. 23, 1856, six petitions in one bill were referred to the judge of the district court for the first judicial district with power to dissolve marriage:ibid., 300.

[358]Private Laws of Kan.(1860), 232-54. For other cases seeibid.(1858), 10-12 (three cases); andibid.(1859), 41-45 (eight cases).

[359]Cf.Laws of Ia.(1840), 12;ibid.(1840-41), 7, 12;ibid.(1841-42), 3, 11, 13, 28, 30, 31, 66, 73, 94, 95 (eleven cases);ibid.(1842-43), 82-84 (nineteen cases);ibid.(1845-46), 42, 48, 51, 52, 61, 72, 79 (eleven cases).

[360]There are two cases inLaws and Res.(1871), 86, 91; others inGen. Laws(1879), 54, 59-61; five inibid.(1881), 439-41; and four inibid.(1883), 164, 165.

[361]The Private and Spec. Laws of Mont.(1864-65), 554, 610, 685, 695, 699, 700, show nine cases of legislative divorce.

[362]For examples seeSpec. Laws(1857), 12;ibid.(1857-58), 107, 108, 110, 111, 112 (twelve cases);ibid.(1858-59), 92-107 (thirty-one cases).

[363]SeeActs(1858), 53, 54;ibid.(1859), 62;ibid.(1860: private laws), 473-79;Session Laws(1861: local laws), 71, 73, 74, 81, 83, 92, 93, 101-3, 110, 131, 132;ibid.(1862), Index;ibid.(1863), 138-44.

Back to Index Next