[837]Tocqueville,La démocratie en Amérique, II, 215.[838]Lecky,Dem. and Liberty, II, 208.[839]Bryce,Studies in Hist. and Jur., 850.[840]Wright, inArena, V, 141, 143. See also hisPractical Sociology, 170 ff.; and compare the article ofSavage, "Matrimony and the State,"Forum, X, 117 ff.; that ofJanes, "Divorce Sociologically Considered,"New Englander, May, 1891, 395-402; and that ofAdler, "The Ethics of Divorce," inEthical Record, II, 200-209; III, 1-7.[841]The following newspaper paragraph relating to a notorious wedding resort in Michigan illustrates the shocking frivolity with which the most important of human relations is sometimes treated: "It is estimated that fully 20,000 people will visit this city tomorrow to attend the third annual Maccabees' county picnic.... It is thought tomorrow will prove to be the greatest day in the history of St. Joseph as the Gretna Green of Chicago.... Fully forty-four bridal couples will arrive from Chicago to take advantage of being married free, as is offered by the Maccabees in a part of their program. The parties with matrimonial intentions, upon calling at Marriage Temple, will be furnished by County Clerk Needham with their license and a handsome marriage certificate, free of charge, provided they consent to be married in public from the verandah of the hotels. Any clergyman in the city, upon request ... , will officiate. Hundreds of excursionists from Indiana will come for the express purpose of witnessing the ceremonies." On this point read the interesting article ofDendy, "Marriage in East London,"Cont. Rev., LXV, 427-32.[842]Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, "Women's Views of Divorce,"North Am. Rev., CL, 130, 131.[843]Cf.Flower, "Prostitution Within the Marriage Bond,"Arena, XIII, 59-73;idem, "Wellsprings of Immorality,"ibid., XI, 56-70;Heinzen,The Rights of Women and the Sexual Relations, 44 ff.;Stetson,Women and Economics, 63 ff.;Caird,Morality of Marriage, 73-91, 134 ff., discussing the influence of the Reformation upon sensuality;Karl Pearson, "Socialism and Sex," in hisEthic of Free Thought, 427-46, on the alleged evil influence of Luther on the sex-relations;Bebel,Die Frau und der Sozialismus, 93 ff., taking the opposite view as to Luther, and considering the causes of the decline in the birth and marriage rates.The traditional opinion is represented byNaumann,Christenthum und Familie, 21, 22, who believes in getting children at all hazards, relying on God to take care of them: "Es gibt auch Christen," he says, "welche sich vor Entfaltung des vollen Gottessegens in den Ehen fürchten, ganz als ob es nicht wahr wäre: was unser Gott erschaffen hat, das will er auch erhalten. In unsern Augen ist es Glaubensschwäche, wenn ein christliches Volk sich vor dem Gottessegen reicher, blühender Kinderschaaren fürchtet." On the same side seeHartmann,The Sexes Compared, 28 ff.;Pomeroy,The Ethics of Marriage, 45 ff., 94 ff. For an antidote read the able discussion of the diminishing need of child-bearing under modern conditions, byOlive Schreiner, "The Woman Question,"Cosmopolitan, XXVIII, 51 ff.; andLady Somerset, "The Welcome Child,"Arena, XII, 42-49; criticised byUssher,Neo-Malthusianism, 101 ff., 201.Cf.Wright,Practical Sociology, 68 ff.;Bertheau,Lois de la population, 299 ff., 342 ff.[844]For a radical discussion of this topic, seeStanley, "Artificial Selection and the Marriage Problem,"Monist, II, 51 ff.;idem, "Our Civilization and the Marriage Problem,"Arena, II, 94-100. He is criticised byWallace, "Human Selection,"Fort. Rev., XLVIII, 325 ff. An extreme position is taken byGrant Allen, "The Girl of the Future,"Universal Rev., May, 1890; and "Plain Words on the Woman Question,"Fort. Rev., Oct., 1889.Cf.Wertheimer, "Homiculture,"Nineteenth Century, XXIV, 390-92.[845]SeeDr. Thomas D. Wood'sable paper,Some Controlling Ideals of the Family Life of the Future, 27.
[837]Tocqueville,La démocratie en Amérique, II, 215.
[837]Tocqueville,La démocratie en Amérique, II, 215.
[838]Lecky,Dem. and Liberty, II, 208.
[838]Lecky,Dem. and Liberty, II, 208.
[839]Bryce,Studies in Hist. and Jur., 850.
[839]Bryce,Studies in Hist. and Jur., 850.
[840]Wright, inArena, V, 141, 143. See also hisPractical Sociology, 170 ff.; and compare the article ofSavage, "Matrimony and the State,"Forum, X, 117 ff.; that ofJanes, "Divorce Sociologically Considered,"New Englander, May, 1891, 395-402; and that ofAdler, "The Ethics of Divorce," inEthical Record, II, 200-209; III, 1-7.
[840]Wright, inArena, V, 141, 143. See also hisPractical Sociology, 170 ff.; and compare the article ofSavage, "Matrimony and the State,"Forum, X, 117 ff.; that ofJanes, "Divorce Sociologically Considered,"New Englander, May, 1891, 395-402; and that ofAdler, "The Ethics of Divorce," inEthical Record, II, 200-209; III, 1-7.
[841]The following newspaper paragraph relating to a notorious wedding resort in Michigan illustrates the shocking frivolity with which the most important of human relations is sometimes treated: "It is estimated that fully 20,000 people will visit this city tomorrow to attend the third annual Maccabees' county picnic.... It is thought tomorrow will prove to be the greatest day in the history of St. Joseph as the Gretna Green of Chicago.... Fully forty-four bridal couples will arrive from Chicago to take advantage of being married free, as is offered by the Maccabees in a part of their program. The parties with matrimonial intentions, upon calling at Marriage Temple, will be furnished by County Clerk Needham with their license and a handsome marriage certificate, free of charge, provided they consent to be married in public from the verandah of the hotels. Any clergyman in the city, upon request ... , will officiate. Hundreds of excursionists from Indiana will come for the express purpose of witnessing the ceremonies." On this point read the interesting article ofDendy, "Marriage in East London,"Cont. Rev., LXV, 427-32.
[841]The following newspaper paragraph relating to a notorious wedding resort in Michigan illustrates the shocking frivolity with which the most important of human relations is sometimes treated: "It is estimated that fully 20,000 people will visit this city tomorrow to attend the third annual Maccabees' county picnic.... It is thought tomorrow will prove to be the greatest day in the history of St. Joseph as the Gretna Green of Chicago.... Fully forty-four bridal couples will arrive from Chicago to take advantage of being married free, as is offered by the Maccabees in a part of their program. The parties with matrimonial intentions, upon calling at Marriage Temple, will be furnished by County Clerk Needham with their license and a handsome marriage certificate, free of charge, provided they consent to be married in public from the verandah of the hotels. Any clergyman in the city, upon request ... , will officiate. Hundreds of excursionists from Indiana will come for the express purpose of witnessing the ceremonies." On this point read the interesting article ofDendy, "Marriage in East London,"Cont. Rev., LXV, 427-32.
[842]Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, "Women's Views of Divorce,"North Am. Rev., CL, 130, 131.
[842]Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, "Women's Views of Divorce,"North Am. Rev., CL, 130, 131.
[843]Cf.Flower, "Prostitution Within the Marriage Bond,"Arena, XIII, 59-73;idem, "Wellsprings of Immorality,"ibid., XI, 56-70;Heinzen,The Rights of Women and the Sexual Relations, 44 ff.;Stetson,Women and Economics, 63 ff.;Caird,Morality of Marriage, 73-91, 134 ff., discussing the influence of the Reformation upon sensuality;Karl Pearson, "Socialism and Sex," in hisEthic of Free Thought, 427-46, on the alleged evil influence of Luther on the sex-relations;Bebel,Die Frau und der Sozialismus, 93 ff., taking the opposite view as to Luther, and considering the causes of the decline in the birth and marriage rates.The traditional opinion is represented byNaumann,Christenthum und Familie, 21, 22, who believes in getting children at all hazards, relying on God to take care of them: "Es gibt auch Christen," he says, "welche sich vor Entfaltung des vollen Gottessegens in den Ehen fürchten, ganz als ob es nicht wahr wäre: was unser Gott erschaffen hat, das will er auch erhalten. In unsern Augen ist es Glaubensschwäche, wenn ein christliches Volk sich vor dem Gottessegen reicher, blühender Kinderschaaren fürchtet." On the same side seeHartmann,The Sexes Compared, 28 ff.;Pomeroy,The Ethics of Marriage, 45 ff., 94 ff. For an antidote read the able discussion of the diminishing need of child-bearing under modern conditions, byOlive Schreiner, "The Woman Question,"Cosmopolitan, XXVIII, 51 ff.; andLady Somerset, "The Welcome Child,"Arena, XII, 42-49; criticised byUssher,Neo-Malthusianism, 101 ff., 201.Cf.Wright,Practical Sociology, 68 ff.;Bertheau,Lois de la population, 299 ff., 342 ff.
[843]Cf.Flower, "Prostitution Within the Marriage Bond,"Arena, XIII, 59-73;idem, "Wellsprings of Immorality,"ibid., XI, 56-70;Heinzen,The Rights of Women and the Sexual Relations, 44 ff.;Stetson,Women and Economics, 63 ff.;Caird,Morality of Marriage, 73-91, 134 ff., discussing the influence of the Reformation upon sensuality;Karl Pearson, "Socialism and Sex," in hisEthic of Free Thought, 427-46, on the alleged evil influence of Luther on the sex-relations;Bebel,Die Frau und der Sozialismus, 93 ff., taking the opposite view as to Luther, and considering the causes of the decline in the birth and marriage rates.
The traditional opinion is represented byNaumann,Christenthum und Familie, 21, 22, who believes in getting children at all hazards, relying on God to take care of them: "Es gibt auch Christen," he says, "welche sich vor Entfaltung des vollen Gottessegens in den Ehen fürchten, ganz als ob es nicht wahr wäre: was unser Gott erschaffen hat, das will er auch erhalten. In unsern Augen ist es Glaubensschwäche, wenn ein christliches Volk sich vor dem Gottessegen reicher, blühender Kinderschaaren fürchtet." On the same side seeHartmann,The Sexes Compared, 28 ff.;Pomeroy,The Ethics of Marriage, 45 ff., 94 ff. For an antidote read the able discussion of the diminishing need of child-bearing under modern conditions, byOlive Schreiner, "The Woman Question,"Cosmopolitan, XXVIII, 51 ff.; andLady Somerset, "The Welcome Child,"Arena, XII, 42-49; criticised byUssher,Neo-Malthusianism, 101 ff., 201.Cf.Wright,Practical Sociology, 68 ff.;Bertheau,Lois de la population, 299 ff., 342 ff.
[844]For a radical discussion of this topic, seeStanley, "Artificial Selection and the Marriage Problem,"Monist, II, 51 ff.;idem, "Our Civilization and the Marriage Problem,"Arena, II, 94-100. He is criticised byWallace, "Human Selection,"Fort. Rev., XLVIII, 325 ff. An extreme position is taken byGrant Allen, "The Girl of the Future,"Universal Rev., May, 1890; and "Plain Words on the Woman Question,"Fort. Rev., Oct., 1889.Cf.Wertheimer, "Homiculture,"Nineteenth Century, XXIV, 390-92.
[844]For a radical discussion of this topic, seeStanley, "Artificial Selection and the Marriage Problem,"Monist, II, 51 ff.;idem, "Our Civilization and the Marriage Problem,"Arena, II, 94-100. He is criticised byWallace, "Human Selection,"Fort. Rev., XLVIII, 325 ff. An extreme position is taken byGrant Allen, "The Girl of the Future,"Universal Rev., May, 1890; and "Plain Words on the Woman Question,"Fort. Rev., Oct., 1889.Cf.Wertheimer, "Homiculture,"Nineteenth Century, XXIV, 390-92.
[845]SeeDr. Thomas D. Wood'sable paper,Some Controlling Ideals of the Family Life of the Future, 27.
[845]SeeDr. Thomas D. Wood'sable paper,Some Controlling Ideals of the Family Life of the Future, 27.