in Maimonides,256,270;in Levi ben Gerson,355 f.Maywald,446, note 332"Mekize Nirdamim,"445, notes 313and321"Mekor Hayim," see "Fons Vitæ"Menahem ben Saruk,59Messiah, in Saadia,45;in Ibn Zaddik,149;in Crescas,402,404;in Albo,408Metempsychosis, see Transmigration"Microcosmus,"60,125"Milhamot Adonai,"329Miracles, in Levi ben Gerson,358 f.Mohammed,xxv,86Monophysites,xviii,34"More Ha-moreh,"310"More Nebukim,"238Morgenstern, Ernö,434Moses ben Enoch,59Moses ben Maimon, see MaimonidesMoses of Narbonne,309,310,328,430,447, note 403aMotion, in Aristotle,xxvi;in Ibn Daud,207;in Maimonides,254,269Mukammas, David Al,2,17-22;definition of science and philosophy,17 f.;attributes,18 ff.;unity,18;reward and punishment,21 f.,34,52,81,84,95,200,246,434Munk, Solomon,63,304,328,433,434,440, note 83;441, notes 86,87and105;444, notes 250,280and302;445, notes 314and316;448, note 442Münz, J.,436Mutakallimun,xxi f.,xl,xli,xlvii,9,11,24,25,26,48,81,88,96,106,125,126,127,128,139,142,145,149,158,182,183,199,240,246-253,256,275,352,353,362,366 f.,369,372,382,406,428Muʿtazila,xxii ff.,xxvii,xlvii,3,17,21,23,24,26,48,108,171,246,251,291,292,362,365,366,375,377Nachmanides,426,429Nature, in Plotinus,xxxviii;in Gabirol,65,66;in Pseudo-Bahya,109;in Abraham bar Hiyya,119Neo-Platonic,xx,xxviii,xxxix,xlvi,2,6,13,24,38,64,79,81,86,89,90,92,106,107,114,115,125,126,127,129,138,139,177,178,199,200,266,305,317,319Neo-Platonism,xxix,17,64,70,79,91,114,150,187,200,266,288,317,428Neo-Platonists,xl,31,64,91,106,184,199Neo-Pythagoreans,188Nestorians,xviii,34Neumark, David,viii,433,435,436,441, note 107"Nous,"xxxviii,7,91"Olam Katon," see "Microcosmus""Or Adonai,"389Origen,288,302Orschansky, G.,435Perles, J.,445, note 309Philo,xvi,xxvii,xxxviii,xli,23,91,95,188,240,266,268,288,302Philoponus,247,353Philosophy, and religion,xiii;content of Jewish P.,xl-l;defined by Israeli,4;by Ibn Zaddik,129;by Moses Ibn Ezra,185Physics, in Kalam,xxii,xli;in Aristotle,xxx;in Israeli,3,5,12;in Saadia,xli;in Ibn Zaddik,xlii,130 ff.;in Judah Halevi,175 ff.;in Ibn Daud,xlii,205 ff.;in Maimonides,xlii,254 ff.,269 ff.;in Levi ben Gerson,352 f.,355 f.;in Aaron ben Elijah,xli,366 ff.;in Crescas,xlii,389Plato,xxix,xli,xlv,5,7,8,37,47,90,91,122,138,155,179,181,182,184,195,231,268,269,288,304,305,353,413,431Plato of Tivoli,114Plotinus,xx,xxxvii f.,xxxix6,64,65,91,107,115,126,139,178,431Pollak, J.,433Porphyry,60Proclus,xx,3Prophecy,xlvi,xlix f.;in Israeli,xlix,15;in Saadia,40;in Judah Halevi,xlix,165;in Abraham ibn Ezra,194;in Ibn Daud,xlix,224 ff.;in Maimonides,xlix,276 ff.;in Hillel ben Samuel,325;in Levi ben Gerson,xlix,340 ff.;in Aaron ben Elijah,380 f.;in Crescas,395;in Albo,421Providence,xl;in Maimonides,290 ff.;in Levi ben Gerson,346 ff.;in Aaron ben Elijah,375 f.;in Crescas,393 f.;in Albo,425Pseudo-Bahya,xlvi,xlix,106-113;standpoint,106 f.;the soul,108 ff.,111 ff.;Intelligence, Soul, Nature,108 f.,110;matter,109;creation,110;virtue,112;immortality,112 f.;reward and punishment,113,122,126,139,148,317,434Ptolemy,xviii,273,309Pythagoras,60,179,184,185Pythagoreans,9Rashi,187Raymond, Bishop of Toledo,61Reason, and authority,xiii;r. in Aristotle,xxxvi;active and passive,xxxvi f.;in Plotinus,xxxviii;r. as a source of knowledge,xl;r. and authority in Levi ben Gerson,330 f.See also "Intellect," "Soul"Resurrection,l;in Saadia,44 f.;in Hillel ben Samuel,326;in Aaron ben Elijah,385 f.;in Crescas,404Reward and Punishment,xlvii,xlviii,l;in Mukammas,21 f.;in Saadia,42 f.;in Al Basir,55;in Pseudo-Bahya,113;in Abraham bar Hiyya,119 ff.;in Ibn Zaddik,148;in Judah Halevi,170;in Abraham Ibn Ezra,192;in Hillel ben Samuel,323 ff.;in Aaron ben Elijah,379,383;in Crescas,403 f.;in Albo,425 f.Roscellinus of Compiègne,305Rose, Valentinus,439, note 8Rosin, David,189,192,435"Royal Crown," the,75 f.Saadia,xix,xxv,xli,xlii,xlv,xlvi,xlix,1,17,23-47;his "Emunot ve-Deot,"24 f.;modelled on the Kalam,ibid.;atomic theory,25;reason for writing,26 f.;sources of truth,27 f.;speculation not forbidden,28;necessity of revelation,ibid.;existence of God,28 ff.;incorporeality,32;unity,32 f.;attributes,33 f.;categories inapplicable to God,35 f.;theophanies,36;soul,37 f.;laws and commandments,38 f.;rational and traditional,ibid.;prophecy,40;written and oral law,40;abrogation of Law,40 f.;freedom,41 f.;and foreknowledge,ibid.;reward and punishment,42 f.,46;future world,43 f.;resurrection,44 f.;ethics,46 f.,48,50,52,59,81,82,83,84,87,88,89,92,94,95,96,126,127,128,146,147,167,175,186,195,200,237,241,246,252,253,302,309,362,363,388,428,434Sabeans,296Saladin,239Samuel,197Scaliger,307Scheyer, Simon B.,435Schmiedl, A.,433Schreiner, M.,xxv,xxvii,433,434,439, notes 12,16,18and20;440, note 81"Sefer Ha-Kabbala,"198Seyerlen,63,434,441, note 86Shemtob ben Joseph,430Shemtob ben Joseph ibn Shemtob,429Socrates,xxix,155,184,185Solomon ben Adret,430Solomon ben Yeroham,363Sophists,xxixSoul, in Aristotle,xxxv;world soul in Plotinus,xxxviii;s. in Jewish philosophy,xlv f.;world-soul in Jewish Neo-Platonists,xlvi;s. in Israeli,5,8 ff.;in Saadia,37 f.;in Gabirol,65,66;in Pseudo-Bahya,108 ff.;in Abraham bar Hiyya,119;in Ibn Zaddik,134 f.,137 f.;world-soul in Ibn Zaddik,140;s. in Judah Halevi,179 ff.;in Abraham Ibn Ezra,191 f.;in Ibn Daud,209 ff.;in Maimonides,281 ff.;in Hillel ben Samuel,314 ff.;in Crescas,400.See also "Intellect," "Reason"Spinoza,398 f."Spirit and Soul, Book of,"5Steinschneider, Moritz,311,439, note 26;440, notes 31and33;443, note 247;446, note 360St. Ephrem of Nisibis,xviiiSufis,xxvii f.,86,153Syrians,xvii ff.,199,246"Tagmule ha-Nefesh,"314Tänzer, A.,437Themistius,7,60,313,321,332,333,334,335"Theology of Aristotle,"xx,xxxix,64,266Theophrastus,xviiiTibbon, Judah Ibn,71,309,310Tibbon, Moses Ibn,309,440, note 37Tibbon, Samuel Ibn,2,60,125,239,302,309"Tikkun Midot ha-Nefesh,"71