425,427,435,436,439,446,447,456,463,469,473,477,486,488,498.Charolais,235.Charron,343.Chatham, Lord.SeePitt.Chicharro,516.Chièvres,237.Chile,478.Chindaswinth,31,35.Chinese, the,353.Choiseul,389.Christians,22,23,39-41,43-47,49,53-60,67-73,75-77,84,85,87,88,97,102,103,105,106,108,110,124,135,136,142,143,147,150,172,180,182,192,193,195,200,201,205,213,214,236,248,249,266,274-278,280,307,338,342,362,421.SeeChurch.Chueca,515.Church, the,22,23,26,27,35-37,41,42,47,49,53-55,60-63,65,66,85-88,90,91,93-98,100,105,111,114,117,123,124,127,131,137-141,143,144,146,155-160,163-165,169,172,173,182-184,188,197,210,212,216,217,222,225,227,237,239,248,249,252,266,273-278,283,289,293,295,297,303-323,325,334,340-343,347,351-353,365,366,401,412,415,416,418,422,426-428,430,437,441,443-460,462,464,472,473,476,477,479,480,485,493,494,496,500,501,504,505,511-513,522.SeeAlbigenses, Alcántara, Augustinians, Benedictines, Calatrava, Catholicism, Christians, Cistercians, Cluny, Counter-Reformation, Dominicans, Franciscans, Illuminism, Inquisition, Jesuits,Limpieza de sangre, Mozárabes, Mysticism, Nobles, Papal States, Priscillianism, Protestantism, Quietism, Reformation, Santiago, Templars.Churriguera,362.Cicero,184.Cid, the,72-74,106.Cieza de León,347.Cistercians,75,164.Cities.SeeTowns.Ciudad Real, town and province of,2,450.Ciudadela,195.Civita Vecchia,452.Clará,516.“Clarín,”515.Clavigero,482.Clement V, Pope,167.Clement VII, Pope,167,168.Clergy.SeeChurch.Clovis,29.Cluny, monks of,65,66,72,86,95,96,98,106.SeeChurch.Cobos, Bernabé,347.Coello,366.Cofradías,144,145,182,281,417.SeeArriaga.Coimbra,54.Colmeiro,516.Colonna,184.Columbus, Christopher,232,522.Columbus, Ferdinand,347.Comenius,343.Commons, House of,493.Compilación de Canellas,97.Compostela, Santiago de,55,63,74,75,93,95,105,106,165,174,238,263.Comunales,93.Comunidades, the,239,248,250.Concejo.SeeTowns, Villa.Condé,261.Consejo de Castilla.See Consejo Real.Consejo Real,154,203,221,264,290-293,311,317,320,321,329,331,418,425,426,428,431,433,435,445,450,468,475.Consejos, the,292,297,430,431,433,441,468.See Cámara, Consejo Real.Consell, the.SeeBarcelona.Conservatives, the,506,509,512.SeeModerates.Constance of Aragon,130.Constance of Sicily,126.Constantinople,129,132,195,249.Constanza, Princess,121.Constitutions,493,494,496,498-502,504-506,509,510.Consulados,109,177,178,328,329,331,468,469.Consumo, the,157.Convention, the French,403.Conversos, the.SeeMarranos.Copernicus,349.Córdoba, Gonzalo de,208,226.Cordova,24,43-45,47,49,50,53,68,69,77,103,224.Coria,54.Corneille,482.Cornejo,481.Cornwall, Earl of,112.Corregidores,90,159,198,199,220,238,290,329,429,432,466,473.Corsica,8,128,171,452.Cort, the,93,154,155.Cortes, the,85,89-93,97,99-101,114,117,123,128,133,140,141,147,148,158,160,161,163,165-168,170,171,173,178,209,217,220,221,226,237-239,252,263,277,288,289,294,297,299,301,302,305,311,320,321,413,425-429,473,492-498,501-505,509.Cortés, Hernando,296,347,350.Coruña,238,255,263,450.Cossío,516.Costa,525.Counter-Reformation,306,312,342.SeeChurch, Protestantism, Reformation.Counts,61,62,65,90,211,221,273.Covadonga, battle of,53,54.Cowley,388.Cristina, Queen, of Spain,497-500.Cromagnon man,6,7.Cromwell,262,393.Cruz, Juan de la, Saint,310.Cruz, Ramón de la,484,487.Cruzada, the,225,292,295,444,445.Cuba,488,500,506.Cuenca, town and province of,2,450,460.Cueva, Beltrán de la,123.Dante,185.Danube River,27.Danvila y Collado,516.Daoiz, Luis,410.Darío, Rubén,515.Daroca,450.Daza, Juan de,224.Denia,69.Denmark,189,308,330,379.Depósito Hidrográfico,479.Deputation of theCortes.See Generalitat.Descartes,343.Díaz, Juan,308.Díaz, Rodrigo, or Ruy.SeeCid.Díaz de Montalvo, Alfonso,226,300,301,441.Díaz del Castillo, Bernal,347.Dicenta,515.Diderot,428.Diez Canedo,515.Diezmos,140,225,295,452.Diocletian,19,22.Directory, the French,404.Dominic, Saint,80,96.Dominicans,80,96,173,304,314,316,358.SeeChurch.Don Quixote,355-357.Donativos,295.Dorantes de Carranza,347.Dos de Mayo, the,399,410,486,489,513.Dos novenas,140.Douro River,2,17,54,58.Doz,476.Drake, Francis,253,255.Dukes,211,221,273.Dupont,490.Dutch, the.SeeProtestant Netherlands.East Indies,262.Ebro River,2,3,7,408,490.Echegaray,515.Edward, Prince.SeeBlack Prince.Edward I of England,112.Edward III of England,120,121.Egmont, Port,388,389.Egypt and the Egyptians,8,39,42,43.SeeGypsies.El Greco,364,366,485,516.El Zagal,204.Elche,169.Elhuyar brothers,478.Elisa,479.Elizabeth, Queen, of England,253-255.Elvira,22,45.Emporium,11.Encomienda,60,138.Encyclopedia, the,428.England and the English,92,105,112,113,120,121,134,158,175,176,203,207,209,235,236,241,244,246,247,253-256,259,260,262,267,269,270,299,330,337,342,346,359,368-372,376,377,379-401,403-407,425,429,435,440,450,451,456,458,459,469-471,483,489,491,499,508,514,518,519.Engracia, Saint,22.Ensenada, Marquis of,434-436,439,440,480.Enzina, Juan del,232,353.Épila, battle of,130.Erasmus,342.Escarano,393,396.Escoiquiz,406,409.Escorial, the,255,362.Espagnoletto.SeeRibera (the painter).Espartero,499,502.Espéculo, the,162.Espinosa,482.Esquivel,350.Estudios Reales de San Isidro,341.Etruria,405,407,410.Etruscans, the ancient,24.Eulalia, Saint,22.Euric,28,29,