Date of changeAdvanceReductiontaking effectper cent.per cent.February 187220—July 187215—February 187315—April 1874—10November 1874—9April 1875—5February 1876—7September 1876—6April 1877—7½May 1879—8¾July 1879—1¼December 18802½—April 18823¾—August 1882—1¼November 18821¼—February 18831¼—August 1884—1¼May 1885—1¼May 1886—1¼February 18881¼—May 1888—1¼August 1888—1¼November 18881¼—February 18891¼—August 188910—December 188910—March 3-10, 18905—December 29, 18905—January 5, 1891——June 1, 1892—10March 1893—51October 16, 18935—May 6-13, 1895—7½October 7-14, 1895—2½August 14-21, 18972½—2May 16-23, 18982½—May 16-23, 18982½—Oct. 31-Nov. 7, 18982½—3April 17-24, 18992½—July 24-31, 18992½—November 6-13, 18993¾—February 12-19, 19005—May 14-21, 19007½—August 13-20, 190010—November 12-19, 190010—February 11-18, 1901—1¼May 13-20, 1901—11¼August 12-19, 1901—7½November 12-19, 1901—5February 17-24, 1902—1¼May 12-19, 1902—2½August 11-18, 1902—2½February 9-16, 19031¼—May 11-18, 1903—1¼August 10-17, 1903—1¼February 8-15, 1904—1¼May 16-23, 1904—2½November 7-14, 1904—1¼February 5-12, 19061¼—August 6-13, 19062½—November 12-19, 19061¼—
1Originally given as a temporary advance for six pays, afterwards converted into an ordinary advance.
1Originally given as a temporary advance for six pays, afterwards converted into an ordinary advance.
2Originally given for six pays, afterwards continued for further period of six pays, and again extended until pays ending 15th and 22nd April 1899; it was then continued as an ordinary advance.
2Originally given for six pays, afterwards continued for further period of six pays, and again extended until pays ending 15th and 22nd April 1899; it was then continued as an ordinary advance.
3Of this advance one and a quarter per cent. was given for seven pays, and afterwards merged in the ordinary percentage.
3Of this advance one and a quarter per cent. was given for seven pays, and afterwards merged in the ordinary percentage.
Table showing the explosions and inundations, with the date and number of lives lost, since the beginning of 1869, in Durham, brought down to the end of 1906, with two statements on the dust theory by Mr J. Forman.
Lives lost1869—May 25, Monkwearmouth71871—October 25, Seaham301878—July 6, Craghead exploded41880—September 8, Seaham Colliery exploded1681882—February 16, Trimdon Colliery exploded741882—April 18, Tudhoe exploded361882—April 13, West Stanley exploded131885—March 2, Usworth exploded411885—June 3, Houghton-le-Spring121885—December 2, Elemore281889—November 2, Hebburn61895—December 13, Eppleton31896—April 13, Brancepeth A Pit201897—May 6, East Hetton, inundation101899—August 15, Brandon C Pit61902—May 20, Deaf Hill11903—November 16, Sacriston, inundation31906—October 14, Wingate, explosion241906—December 17, Urpeth Busty, explosion4
A THEORY SHOWING HOW COAL DUST IS IGNITED AND EXPLODED IN A COAL MINE, MORE ESPECIALLY ON IN-TAKE AIR ROADS
In the first place, there must be a considerable quantity of very fine and dry coal dust in the immediate proximity of a shot when fired; and if the shot is a strong one the concussion will be very great.
This force, acting on the air, throws the finest particles of coal dust into the circulating current, in a finely divided state, with orbid motion, thereby causing each particle of coal dust to be surrounded with air, andthese particles of dust in this condition coming in contact with the flame of a shot, are easily ignited.
At the moment of ignition the temperature of the particles of dust is low, but as the ignition extends to other particles, and they become ignited in quantity, the temperature rises, so that the motion of the heated particles becomes more rapid by expanding and compressing the air, until their velocity is so great that the temperature of the burning dust is raised to the temperature of gas flame, exploding the coal dust in its course.
At this high temperature, the expansion of the air will develop great force, which acting on the dust at rest, will whirl it into the air current, and this will be continued so long as there is a sufficient quantity of coal dust and air to feed the flame.
John Forman.
To J. Wilson, Esq.,Secretary to the Royal Commission onExplosions from Coal Dust in Mines.
Dear Sir,—In October 1871 an explosion occurred at Seaham Colliery, and my attention was called to it; and, after considering all the circumstances of the case, I eventually came to the conclusion that the shot fired by the two Simpsons ignited the coal dust and caused the explosion.
In September 1880 another explosion took place at Seaham Colliery. I went down the pit in the evening of the day of the explosion with Mr Stratton (the manager) and other Mining Engineers, and I remained at Seaham Colliery for 12 months, until the last body was found, and was, during that time, down the pit almost every day as an explorer. I also attended the inquest and gave evidence. I was satisfied from what I saw that the shot fired by Simpson and Brown ignited the coal dust and caused the explosion.
In February 1882 an explosion occurred at Trimdon Grange Colliery. I went down the pit and attended the inquest, and from what I saw and heard I concluded that the explosion was caused by a flushed kitty or straw at Maitland's shot firing a small quantity of fire-damp, which ignited the coal dust and caused the explosion.
In April 1882 an explosion occurred at West Stanley Colliery. I attended the inquest, and from what I could learn the shot fired by the two men (Douglas and Hutchinson) ignited a small portion of fire-damp, which fired the coal dust, and brought on an explosion.
In March 1885 an explosion happened at Usworth Colliery. I attended the inquest, and came to an opinion that the shot fired by the two men, named Brown, ignited the coal dust, which produced an explosion.
In December 1886 an explosion occurred at Elemore Colliery. I went down the pit and attended the inquest. I was satisfied, in my mind, that the shot fired by the three men (Johnson, Appleby and Luke) ignited the coal dust, thereby causing the explosion.—Yours, etc.
John Forman.
December 1886.
AAccountants,128,164,314Aftermath of 1892 strike,245Agents' districts, 23-24Alteration of the "First Caller,"59,337Amicability in disputes,340Arbitration, Deputies',170— earliest,33— first general,85,103— second,109— third,113— fourth,118— owners refuse,152— working hours,169Armstrong, W.,103,109Attempts to form Union,6Average, county,162— theoretical and real,147Award, 1879,pro tem.,157— J. R. Lyn's,220Awards, Lord Davey's, 1895,267-269Award, Lord Davey's, 1902,319BBank Holiday,318Banking account,18Benefits, reduction of,199Blagdon, Rev. M.,26Bond, yearly,17,47,49Boys' wages,309,324Broken price agreement,325Brown, W.,8,35Building, the,16Bunning, T. W.,47Burt, T.,8,20,103,182CCairns, A.,23,26,32"Caller, First,"59,337Candymen,96Cann, T. H., appointed treasurer,276Care for life,341Changes,337Checkweighmen,73,338Clerk, first appointed,105Coal-drawing agreement,323Coal Owners' Association formed,46Coal Tax,310Commission, Royal,86Committee, 1879,160Compensation Act 1897,291Conciliation Board,263— first members of,266— renewed,294,331Co-operative colliery,90,110— Committee,110County Council,209Crake, W.,7,13Crawford, W.,6,9,23,26,31,33,37,103,109— attack on,80— censure on,84— candidature of,88— death of,215DDale, D., Sir,103,109,157Dark Days,197Deputies' basis wage fixed,301— difference as to,120— hours, 1870,121— wage, 1870,121— wage,173Derby, Lord,160Desire for better houses,343EEducational benefit of Union,340Emigration,131,165Employers' Liability Act,172Entrance fee, first,18,121Equality,339Evictions, Wheatley Hill,96Ex-Committee condemned,145— expelled,114— rules,114FFederation Board formed,140— condemned,145— first members of the,141Federation, Miners',— Durham miners and the,251,256— expulsion from the,259— refuses Durham,277Fillers' agreement,333Firemen's week-end shifts,316Five days per week,183Forman, J.,36,38,103,105,119— death of,302Forsters', W. E., award,109Fowler, J.,61Franchise Association,88— extension of,191GGala, first,31-34— first on the race-course,59Galbraith, S., appointed,305Golightly, W.,105Gordon, W.,114,118Graham, Coroner,298Gurney's, Russell, award,103Guthrie, R.,207HHall, the new,82,118Hand putters' basis wage,324Heath, Mr,337Hewers' datal wage,306Homes, Aged Miners',297Hopwood's, C. H., award,113Hours arbitration,132Hours', arrangement, ten,214,217— eight,199— ballot on,248— second ballot on,321— of boys,32,48,74,77,83Houses and house rent,307Housing condition,104,110House, W., appointed to Joint Committee,292— appointed President,305IImprisonment of Messrs Cann, Jones, and Forbes,244Increased knowledge of the miners,343Industrial Remuneration Conference,190Isaacs, Mr,336JJohnson, J., appointed treasurer,217— fin. secretary,276Johnson, Mr, and Gateshead,328Joint Committee, formation of,66— first meeting,69— suspended,164,329Jones, L.,83,103,109,119,196Judge, a, puzzled,30LLabourers' basis wage,306Labour representation,194,326Leaders, the first,37Lords, House of,192MMacdonald, A.,17— death of,180Meynell, Mr E.,112,335— award,134Miners' demand for trained miners,90— International Congress, formed,223— National Conference,25,124— Act 1861,1— Act 1871,71— Act 1872,71,72NNegotiations of 1890,211Notices given to enforce a reduction,101— again given by owners,107OO'Connor, Judge,197,335Officers, first,14Opposition,41,42,43,44PPatterson, W. H.,8,13,26,39,113— appointed corres. secretary,216— death of,273Patterson's, Mr, statue,319Political power,342Position of the Association,136President, first,19President, permanent,105Putters' hours at datal work,316— short shift, stone,324RRamsey, T.,8,25,80Reduction, first,89,91— second,98— third,105— fourth,111— fifth,115— of bankmen,104— of 1879,141Reductions, private,148Relief Fund, first,129— second,187Rent paying in 1892,247Resolutions, first gala,61Restriction of output,167Rhymer, E.,6,84Richardson, J.,7,11Rocking Strike,2SSalary of first treasurer,25Sanderson, R. B.,68,112Screenmen's basis wage,306Seaham strike,55Shaw Lefevre's award,119Simpson, C.,114Sliding Scale, first,124— second,163— third,174— fourth,185— abolished,202— violation of,167Smart money,309Stobart, W.,46Strike at Silksworth,223— at Wheatley Hill,95— of 1874,93— of 1879,154— of 1892,231Strikes illegal,24Surface firemen's wages,325TTaylor, Hugh,47,63— J. W.,328Thornley meeting,13Timber leaders' hours,317Trotter, L.,197Trustees, first,14WWage Board, first mention of,235,251,254Wages, advance in,48,50,63,71,76Wages in 1898-99,288,293Washington strike,281Water leaders' hours,317Wearmouth strike,3Westcott, Bishop,241,262,299— death of,313Wheatley Hill inundation,28— "Putt Pay,"188Wilkinson, N.,8,14,38,113,119,182Wilson, J.,114,118,182,192— appointed fin. secretary,217— appointed corres. secretary,276Wood, Lindsay, Mr,68,83,157,207
J. H. VEITCH AND SONSDURHAM