Often with a present system in-ere(821).videō,seevidērevīdīvīsus998.(3.) The following verbs in-ērehave a perfect stem ending in two consonants (866), and the perfect participle, when used, in-sus(912):ferveō,boilfervērefervī,ferbuī——Sometimes with forms in-ere(821) in verse. The perfect system is rare.prandeō,lunchprandēreprandīprānsus(B.) PERFECT STEM IN-s-, OR IN-v-OR-u-.PERFECT STEM IN-s-.999.(1a.) The following verbs in-ērehave the perfect stem in-s-(868), and the perfect participle, when used, in-tus:augeō,increaseaugēreauxīauctusin-dulgeō,am kindin-dulgērein-dulsī——lūceō,beamlūcērelūxī——lūgeō,mournlūgērelūxī——torqueō,twisttorquēretorsītortus1000.(1b.) The following verbs in-ērehave the perfect stem in-s-(868), and the perfect participle, when used, in-sus(912):algeō,feel coldalgērealsī——ardeō,blazeardērearsī——cō-nīveō,wink and blinkcō-nīvērecō-nīxī,cō-nīvī——The perfectscō-nīxī(Turp.),cō-nīvī(Crass.), occur once each.fulgeō,flashfulgērefulsī——Forms of the present in-ere(821) occur in verse:fulgit(Pomp., Lucil., Lucr.),fulgere(Pac., Acc., Lucil., Lucr., Verg.);ef-fulgere(Verg., Claud.).haereō,stickhaerērehaesī——iubeō,orderiubēreiussīiussusIn old Latin,IOVBEO, afterIOVSI(IVSI); lateriussī,iussus, afteriubeō.maneō,staymanēremānsīmānsummulceō,strokemulcēremulsīmulsusadjectivePerfect participleper-mulsusrare (Cornif., Varr.).mulgeō,milkmulgēremulsīmulsusoncerīdeō,laughrīdērerīsī-rīsussuādeō,advisesuādēresuāsīsuāsustergeō,wipetergēretersītersusFor forms in-erein the present, astergit, &c. (Varr., Prop., Stat., Col.), see821.turgeō,am swellingturgēretursīonce——Of the perfect system,turserat(Enn.).urgeō,pushurgēreursī——PERFECT STEM IN-v-OR-u-.PERFECT STEM IN-v-.1001.(1a.) The following verbs in-ērehave the perfect stem in-v-(869), and the perfect participle in-tus, both preceded by a long-ē-of the root:dē-leō,wipe outdē-lēredē-lēvīdē-lētusfleō,weepflēreflēvīflētusneō,spinnērenēvī——Forneunt(Tib.), see837.-pleō,fill-plēre-plēvī-plētus1002.(1b.) The following verb in-ērehas the perfect stem in-v-(869), preceded by long-ī-, and the perfect participle in-tus, preceded by short-i-of the root:cieō,set a goingciērecīvīcitusSomewhat defective; also with a form in-īre(821). For the perfect participle of compounds, see919.1003.(1c.) The following verb in-ērehas the perfect stem in-v-(869), and the perfect participle in-itus(910):ab-oleō,destroyab-olēreab-olēvīab-olitusPERFECT STEM IN-u-.1004.(2a.) Most verbs in-ērehave the perfect stem in-u-(874), and the perfect participle, when used, in-tus, which is usually preceded by a shorti(910): as,doceō,teachdocēredocuīdoctushabeō,havehabērehabuīhabitusSo alsopost-habeō; other compounds haveifora: as,pro-hibeō,pro-hibēre,pro-hibuī,pro-hibitus; twice contracted,prōbet,prōbeat(Lucr.). Compounds withdēandpraeare regularly contracted,dēbeō,praebeō, &c.: but in Plautus oncede-hibuistī, and regularlyprae-hibeō, &c., throughout.mereō,earnmerēremeruīmeritusOften deponent (800):mereor,merērī,meritus.misceō,mixmiscēremiscuīmixtus,mistusThe present stem is an extension of the suffix-sco|e-(834);-sc-of the present runs over into the perfect.moneō,advisemonēremonuīmonitusplaceō,am pleasingplacēreplacuīplacitusSo the compoundscom-placeōandper-placeō;dis-pliceōhasiforathroughout.taceō,hold my tonguetacēretacuītacitusadjectiveThe compoundre-ticeōhasiforaand no perfect participle.teneō,holdtenēretenuī-tentusCompounds haveiforein the present and perfect: as,dē-tineō,dē-tinuī,dē-tentus.terreō,scareterrēreterruīterritustorreō,roasttorrēretorruītostus1005.(2b.) The following verb in-ērehas the perfect stem in-u-(874), and the perfect participle in-sus(912):cēnseō,count,ratecēnsērecēnsuīcēnsus1006.(3.) The following verbs in-ērehave the perfect stem in-u-(874), and no perfect participle (907):arceō,checkarcērearcuī——The compoundsco-erceōandex-erceōhaveefora, and perfect participlesco-ercitusandex-ercitus.caleō,am warmcalērecaluī——candeō,glow whitecandērecanduī——careō,have notcarērecaruī——doleō,achedolēredoluī——egeō,needegēreeguī——The compoundind-igeō,ind-igēre,ind-iguī,——, hasifore.ē-mineō,stick outē-minēreē-minuī——flōreō,bloomflōrēreflōruī——horreō,bristle uphorrērehorruī——iaceō,lieiacēreiacuī——lateō,lie hidlatērelatuī——liceō,am ratedlicērelicuī——liqueō,am meltedliquērelicuī——madeō,am soakedmadēremaduī——niteō,shinenitērenituī——noceō,am hurtfulnocērenocuī——oleō,smellolēreoluī——For forms in-erein the present system, see821.palleō,look palepallērepalluī——pāreō,wait on,am obedientpārērepāruī——pateō,am openpatērepatuī——rigeō,am stiffrigēreriguī——sileō,am silentsilēresiluī——sorbeō,suck upsorbēresorbuī——The perfect system of the simple verb is rare:sorbuit,sorbuerint(Plin.); also (823)sorpsit(Val. Max.);ab-sorbeōandex-sorbeōhave-sorbuī; butab-sorpsī(Plin., Luc., Macr.),ex-sorpsī(Sen.).studeō,am eagerstudērestuduī——stupeō,am dazedstupērestupuī——timeō,feartimēretimuī——valeō,am strongvalērevaluī——vigeō,feel strongvigēreviguī——1007.Foraudeō,gaudeō, andsoleō, see801; forlubetorlibet,licet,miseret,oportet,paenitet,piget,pudet,taedet, see815and816.DEPONENTS IN-ērī.1008.(1a.) The following deponent in-ērīhas the perfect participle in-tus:reor,reckon,thinkrērīratus1009.(1b.) The following deponents in-ērīhave the perfect participle in-tus, which is preceded by a shorti(910):liceor,bidlicērīlicitusmisereor,pitymiserērīmiseritusPerfect participle alsomisertus(Val. Max., Sen., Curt.). Active forms are:miserēte,miserērent(Enn.),misereās(Ter.),miseret(Lucr.),miserent(Val. Fl.). Passive forms are sometimes used impersonally (724): as,miserētur, &c.tueor,look to,protecttuērītuituslateForms in-īalso occur in verse (821). As perfect participle, generallytūtātus.vereor,am awed atverērīveritus1010.(2.) One deponent in-ērīhas the perfect participle in-sus(912):fateor,confessfatērīfassusCompounds haveiandefora: as,cōn-fiteor,cōn-fessus.(3.) VERBS IN-īre.(A.) PERFECT STEM WITHOUT A SUFFIX.1011.(1a.) The following verb in-īrehas a reduplicated perfect stem (861), and the perfect participle in-tus:re-periō,findre-perīrere-pperīre-pertus1012.(1b.) The following verb in-īrehas no reduplication in the perfect stem, and the perfect participle in-tus:com-periō,find outcom-perīrecom-perīcom-pertusAs deponent:com-periar(Ter.),com-perior(Sall., Tac.).1013.(2.) The following verb in-īrehas a perfect stem consisting of a consonant root with a long vowel (862), and the perfect participle in-tus:veniō,comevenīrevēnīventum,-ventusForē-venunt,ē-venat,ē-venant,ad-venat,per-venat, see822.(B.) PERFECT STEM IN-s-, OR IN-v-OR-u-.PERFECT STEM IN-s-.1014.(1.) The following verbs in-īrehave the perfect stem in-s-(868), and the perfect participle in-tus:farciō,stufffarcīrefarsīfartusCompounds have usuallyeforathroughout.fulciō,propfulcīrefulsīfultushauriō,drainhaurīrehausīhaustusA perfect subjunctivehaurierintis quoted from Varro (823).saepiō,hedge insaepīresaepsīsaeptussanciō,hallowsancīresānxīsānctusadjectivePerfect participle rarelysancītus(Lucr., Liv.). A pluperfectsancieratis quoted from Pomponius Secundus (823).sarciō,patchsarcīresarsīsartusvinciō,bindvincīrevīnxīvīnctus1015.(2.) The following verb in-īrehas the perfect stem in-s-(868), and the perfect participle in-sus(912):sentiō,feelsentīresēnsīsēnsusThe compound withadis generally deponent (800).PERFECT STEM IN-v-.1016.(1a.) The following verb in-īrehas the perfect stem in-v-(869), and the perfect participle in-tus, both preceded by a longīof the root:sciō,knowscīrescīvīscītus1017.(1b.) The following verb in-īrehas the perfect stem in-v-(869), and the perfect participle in-tus:sepeliō,burysepelīresepelīvīsepultus1018.(1c.) Most verbs in-īrehave the perfect stem in-v-(869), and the perfect participle in-tus, both preceded by a form of the present stem in long-ī-: as,audiō,hearaudīreaudīvīaudītusPERFECT STEM IN-u-.1019.(2.) The following verbs in-īrehave the perfect stem in-u-(874), and the perfect participle, when used, in-tus:am-iciō,donam-icīream-icuīam-ictusPerfect rare: onceam-icuī(Brut.), onceam-ixī(Varr.).ap-eriō,openap-erīreap-eruīap-ertusop-eriō,cover overop-erīreop-eruīop-ertussaliō,leapsalīresaluī——Compounds haveiforathroughout: as,īn-siliō. A perfect system in-v-(823,893), asex-silīvī, occurs in late writers (Col., Sen., Plin., &c.).DEPONENTS IN-īrī.1020.(1a.) The following deponents in-īrīhave the perfect participle in-tus:ex-perior,tryex-perīrīex-pertusop-perior,wait forop-perīrīop-pertusPerfect participle onceop-perītus(Plaut.).1021.(1b.) The following deponents in-īrīhave the perfect participle in-ītus:blandior,am agreeableblandīrīblandītuslargior,showerlargīrīlargītusmentior,tell liesmentīrīmentītusmōlior,work hardmōlīrīmōlītuspartior,sharepartīrīpartītussortior,draw lotssortīrīsortītus1022.(2.) The following deponents in-īrīhave the perfect participle in-sus(912):mētior,measuremētīrīmēnsusōrdior,beginōrdīrīōrsus
Often with a present system in-ere(821).
998.(3.) The following verbs in-ērehave a perfect stem ending in two consonants (866), and the perfect participle, when used, in-sus(912):
Sometimes with forms in-ere(821) in verse. The perfect system is rare.
(B.) PERFECT STEM IN-s-, OR IN-v-OR-u-.
PERFECT STEM IN-s-.
999.(1a.) The following verbs in-ērehave the perfect stem in-s-(868), and the perfect participle, when used, in-tus:
1000.(1b.) The following verbs in-ērehave the perfect stem in-s-(868), and the perfect participle, when used, in-sus(912):
The perfectscō-nīxī(Turp.),cō-nīvī(Crass.), occur once each.
Forms of the present in-ere(821) occur in verse:fulgit(Pomp., Lucil., Lucr.),fulgere(Pac., Acc., Lucil., Lucr., Verg.);ef-fulgere(Verg., Claud.).
In old Latin,IOVBEO, afterIOVSI(IVSI); lateriussī,iussus, afteriubeō.
Perfect participleper-mulsusrare (Cornif., Varr.).
For forms in-erein the present, astergit, &c. (Varr., Prop., Stat., Col.), see821.
Of the perfect system,turserat(Enn.).
PERFECT STEM IN-v-OR-u-.
PERFECT STEM IN-v-.
1001.(1a.) The following verbs in-ērehave the perfect stem in-v-(869), and the perfect participle in-tus, both preceded by a long-ē-of the root:
Forneunt(Tib.), see837.
1002.(1b.) The following verb in-ērehas the perfect stem in-v-(869), preceded by long-ī-, and the perfect participle in-tus, preceded by short-i-of the root:
Somewhat defective; also with a form in-īre(821). For the perfect participle of compounds, see919.
1003.(1c.) The following verb in-ērehas the perfect stem in-v-(869), and the perfect participle in-itus(910):
PERFECT STEM IN-u-.
1004.(2a.) Most verbs in-ērehave the perfect stem in-u-(874), and the perfect participle, when used, in-tus, which is usually preceded by a shorti(910): as,
So alsopost-habeō; other compounds haveifora: as,pro-hibeō,pro-hibēre,pro-hibuī,pro-hibitus; twice contracted,prōbet,prōbeat(Lucr.). Compounds withdēandpraeare regularly contracted,dēbeō,praebeō, &c.: but in Plautus oncede-hibuistī, and regularlyprae-hibeō, &c., throughout.
Often deponent (800):mereor,merērī,meritus.
The present stem is an extension of the suffix-sco|e-(834);-sc-of the present runs over into the perfect.
So the compoundscom-placeōandper-placeō;dis-pliceōhasiforathroughout.
The compoundre-ticeōhasiforaand no perfect participle.
Compounds haveiforein the present and perfect: as,dē-tineō,dē-tinuī,dē-tentus.
1005.(2b.) The following verb in-ērehas the perfect stem in-u-(874), and the perfect participle in-sus(912):
1006.(3.) The following verbs in-ērehave the perfect stem in-u-(874), and no perfect participle (907):
The compoundsco-erceōandex-erceōhaveefora, and perfect participlesco-ercitusandex-ercitus.
The compoundind-igeō,ind-igēre,ind-iguī,——, hasifore.
For forms in-erein the present system, see821.
The perfect system of the simple verb is rare:sorbuit,sorbuerint(Plin.); also (823)sorpsit(Val. Max.);ab-sorbeōandex-sorbeōhave-sorbuī; butab-sorpsī(Plin., Luc., Macr.),ex-sorpsī(Sen.).
1007.Foraudeō,gaudeō, andsoleō, see801; forlubetorlibet,licet,miseret,oportet,paenitet,piget,pudet,taedet, see815and816.
DEPONENTS IN-ērī.
1008.(1a.) The following deponent in-ērīhas the perfect participle in-tus:
1009.(1b.) The following deponents in-ērīhave the perfect participle in-tus, which is preceded by a shorti(910):
Perfect participle alsomisertus(Val. Max., Sen., Curt.). Active forms are:miserēte,miserērent(Enn.),misereās(Ter.),miseret(Lucr.),miserent(Val. Fl.). Passive forms are sometimes used impersonally (724): as,miserētur, &c.
Forms in-īalso occur in verse (821). As perfect participle, generallytūtātus.
1010.(2.) One deponent in-ērīhas the perfect participle in-sus(912):
Compounds haveiandefora: as,cōn-fiteor,cōn-fessus.
(3.) VERBS IN-īre.
(A.) PERFECT STEM WITHOUT A SUFFIX.
1011.(1a.) The following verb in-īrehas a reduplicated perfect stem (861), and the perfect participle in-tus:
1012.(1b.) The following verb in-īrehas no reduplication in the perfect stem, and the perfect participle in-tus:
As deponent:com-periar(Ter.),com-perior(Sall., Tac.).
1013.(2.) The following verb in-īrehas a perfect stem consisting of a consonant root with a long vowel (862), and the perfect participle in-tus:
Forē-venunt,ē-venat,ē-venant,ad-venat,per-venat, see822.
(B.) PERFECT STEM IN-s-, OR IN-v-OR-u-.
PERFECT STEM IN-s-.
1014.(1.) The following verbs in-īrehave the perfect stem in-s-(868), and the perfect participle in-tus:
Compounds have usuallyeforathroughout.
A perfect subjunctivehaurierintis quoted from Varro (823).
Perfect participle rarelysancītus(Lucr., Liv.). A pluperfectsancieratis quoted from Pomponius Secundus (823).
1015.(2.) The following verb in-īrehas the perfect stem in-s-(868), and the perfect participle in-sus(912):
The compound withadis generally deponent (800).
PERFECT STEM IN-v-.
1016.(1a.) The following verb in-īrehas the perfect stem in-v-(869), and the perfect participle in-tus, both preceded by a longīof the root:
1017.(1b.) The following verb in-īrehas the perfect stem in-v-(869), and the perfect participle in-tus:
1018.(1c.) Most verbs in-īrehave the perfect stem in-v-(869), and the perfect participle in-tus, both preceded by a form of the present stem in long-ī-: as,
PERFECT STEM IN-u-.
1019.(2.) The following verbs in-īrehave the perfect stem in-u-(874), and the perfect participle, when used, in-tus:
Perfect rare: onceam-icuī(Brut.), onceam-ixī(Varr.).
Compounds haveiforathroughout: as,īn-siliō. A perfect system in-v-(823,893), asex-silīvī, occurs in late writers (Col., Sen., Plin., &c.).
DEPONENTS IN-īrī.
1020.(1a.) The following deponents in-īrīhave the perfect participle in-tus:
Perfect participle onceop-perītus(Plaut.).
1021.(1b.) The following deponents in-īrīhave the perfect participle in-ītus:
1022.(2.) The following deponents in-īrīhave the perfect participle in-sus(912):