The Dative of Relation.
1217.The dative may denote the person viewing or judging: as,
eris mihi magnus Apollō, V.E.3, 104,thou shalt to me the great Apollo be.Quīntia fōrmōsa est multīs, mihi candida, longa, rēcta est, Cat. 86, 1,in many eyes is Quintia fair, to me she’s bonny, tall, and straight. From Caesar on, participles are often used to denote the person viewing or judging: as,est urbe ēgressīs tumulus, V. 2, 713,there is, as you get out of town, a mound.in ūniversum aestimantī, Ta.G.6,looking at it generally.
1218.In imitation of a Greek idiom,volēns,cupiēns, orinvītus, is used by Sallust and Tacitus in agreement with a dative dependent on a form ofsum, the combination being equivalent to a subject with a form ofvolō,cupiō, orinvītus sum, respectively: as,cēterīs remanēre volentibus fuit, Ta.H.3, 43, i.e.cēterī remanēre voluērunt,the rest were minded to bide where they were. Once in Livy.
The Dative of Tendency or Result.
1219.(1.) Certain datives are used with a form ofsumto denote what a thing tends to, proves, or is. This dative is generally accompanied by a dative of the person interested: as,
auxiliō īs fuit, Pl.Am. prol.92,he was a help to them.odiō sum Rōmānīs, L. 35, 19, 6,I am an abomination in the eyes of Rome.potestne bonum cuiquam malō esse?Par.7,can good prove bad for any human being?L. Cassius identidem quaerere solēbat, cui bonō fuisset,RA.84,Cassius used to ask for ever and ever, who the person benefited was, orwho the gainer was.nēminī meus adventus labōrī aut sūmptuī fuit,V.1, 16,my visit did not prove a bother or an expense to a soul.rēs et fortūnae tuae mihī̆ maximae cūrae sunt,Fam.6, 5, 1,your money-matters are an all-absorbing interest to me.
1220.There are many of these datives, mostly abstracts and all singular, some of the commonest arecūrae,ūsuī,praesidiō,cordī,odiō,auxiliō,impedīmentō,salūtī,voluptātī. The adjectivesmagnus,maior,maximus, ortantusandquantus, are sometimes used in agreement with them; and the dativefrūgīsometimes hasbonae.
1221.Instead of the dative of tendency, a predicative nominative or accusative is rarely used: thus,possessiōnem līberam Dardaniae sōlāciō fore, L. 40, 57, 9,that the unrestricted occupancy of Dardania would prove comforting, but,domestica quiēs sōlācium fuit, L. 6, 30, 9,the peace that prevailed at home was a solid comfort. Prepositional expressions withprōandinalso occur.
1222.(2.) The dative is also used with a few verbs of considering or accounting to denote what a thing is accounted.
So with such verbs asdō,dūcō,habeō,tribuō, andvertō: as,vitiō mihī̆ dant, quod mortem hominis necessāriī graviter ferō, Matius inFam.11, 28, 2,the world scores it against me that I take the murder of a near and dear friend to heart.postquam paupertās probrō habērī coepit, S.C.12, 1,after lack of wealth began to count as a stigma.
The Dative of Purpose or Intention.
1223.A few datives are used to denote what a thing is intended to be. This dative is generally accompanied by a dative of the person interested.
So (a.)dōnōandmūnerī: as,ēmit eam dōnō mihī̆, T.Eu.135,he bought her as a gift for me.centum bovēs mīlitibus dōnō dedit, L. 7, 37, 3,he gave the soldiers a hundred oxen as a present. Also (b.)auxiliō,praesidiō, andsubsidiō, used of military operations, chiefly with verbs of motion: as,iī, quī praesidiō contrā castra erant relictī, subsidiō suīs iērunt, 7, 62, 8,the men that had been left as a protection against the camp, went as a reinforcement to their own side.
1224.For the dativesdōnōandmūnerī, a predicative nominative or accusative is sometimes used: as,corōnam Iovī dōnum in capitōlium mittunt, L. 2, 22, 6,they send a crown to the capitol as a present for Jupiter. Prepositional expressions are also used forauxiliō, &c.:as,ad praesidium, L. 3, 5, 3,in praesidium, L. 31, 16, 7,for protection,auxiliī causā, L. 2, 24, 4,to help.
1225.The dativereceptuīis also used in military language to denote purpose: as,Caesar receptuī canī iussit, 7, 47, 1,Caesar ordered the retreat sounded.Quīnctius receptuī canere iussit, L. 34, 39, 13. This dative is sometimes attached immediately to a substantive: as,receptuī sīgnum,Ph.13, 15,the trumpet for retreat.
1226.The genitive is principally used with nouns, less frequently with verbs. Sometimes even when it seems to be dependent on a verb, it really depends on a substantive understood, or on a noun virtually contained or implied in the verb. Some verbs require an accusative also, in addition to the genitive.
1227.A substantive is often limited by another substantive in the genitive.
The things denoted by the two words are usually distinct: as,metus hostium,the fear of the enemy, i.e. either (a.) which they feel (1231), or (b.) which is felt towards them (1260);magnī ponderis saxa,stones of great weight(1239). Sometimes, however, they are more or less the same: as,mīlitum pars,part of the soldiers(1242);magna multitūdō perditōrum hominum,a perfect swarm of desperadoes(1255).
1228.Two or even three genitives expressing different relations, sometimes limit one substantive: as,superiōrum diērum Sabīnī cunctātiō, 3, 18, 6,Sabinus’s dilatoriness in days preceding.eōrum diērum cōnsuētūdine itineris nostrī exercitūs perspectā, 2, 17, 2,studying up the order of march followed by our army in those days.
1229.The limited substantive is often omitted, when it is obvious from the context: as,ventum erat ad Vestae, sc.aedem, H.S.1, 9, 35,to Vesta’s were we come, i.e. to her temple.aberam bīduī, sc.iter,Att.5, 17, 1,I was two days distant. Usually so, when it is expressed with another genitive, which generally precedes: as,quis est, quī possit cōnferre vītam Trebōnī cum Dolābellae?Ph.11, 9,who is there that can compare the life of Trebonius with Dolabella’s?
1230.Instead of the genitive depending on a substantive, an equivalent adjective or a prepositional expression is often used. Such substitutions will be mentioned below in their appropriate places.
1231.The relations expressed by the limiting genitive vary very much according to the context. These relations may be put in classes, as below (1232-1260). But it must be remembered that as the genitive connects substantives in a loose way, the same construction may sometimes be referred to more than one head.
The Genitive of the Subject, Cause, Origin, or Owner.
1232.(1.) The genitive is used to denote that which does the action, or which causes, originates, or possesses the object designated by the substantive it limits: as,
metus hostium, Gell. 9, 12, 13,the fear of the enemy, i.e. which they feel.adventus Caesaris, 6, 41, 4,the arrival of Caesar.bellum Venetōrum, 3, 16, 1,the war with the Venetans.illud Solōnis,CM.50,Solon’s memorable words.Canachī sīgna,Br.70,statues by Canachus.Cupīdinis sīgnum,V.4, 135,the statue representing Cupid.huius sīgnīs,V.3, 9,with statues belonging to this man.pācem Ariovistī, 1, 37, 2,a peaceful policy on Ariovistus’s part.Cannārum pugna, L. 23, 43, 4,the battle of Cannae(1427).abacī vāsa omnia,V.4, 35,all the vessels on the sideboard.prīdiē eius diēī, 1, 47, 2,the day before that day(1413).labrōrum tenus, Lucr. 1, 940,the length of the lips(1420).
1233.Instead of the genitive, an adjective is often used to express such relations; less frequently a prepositional construction: as,
(a.)odium paternum, N. 23, 1, 3,the hatred felt by his father.servīlī tumultū, 1, 40, 5,in the slave insurrection.bellō Cassiānō, 1, 13, 2,in the war with Cassius.illud Cassiānum, cui bonō fuerit,Ph.2, 35,Cassius’s test question, ‘who the gainer was.’erīlis patria, Pl.B.170,my master’s birthplace.intrā domesticōs parietēs,C.2, 1,within the walls of our houses. So usually with names of countries and of towns: as,anus Corinthia, T.Hau.600,an old woman of Corinth.pugna Cannēnsis, L. 22, 50, 1,the battle of Cannae. Often in a generalizing sense: as,paternus māternusque sanguī̆s,RA.66,the blood of a father and of a mother. (b.)ad Cannās pugnam, L. 22, 58, 1,the battle of Cannae.
1234.The possessive pronoun is regularly used instead of the possessive genitive of a personal or reflexive pronoun (1230): as,
mea domus,RA.145,my own house.in tuā quādam epistolā,Att.9, 10, 3,in a letter of yours. But sometimes, for emphasis, the genitive of the personal or reflexive is used: as,magnō suī cum perīculō, 4, 28, 2,with great personal risk; commonly so withomniumorutriusque: as,voluntātī vestrūm omnium pāruī,DO.3, 208,I yielded to your joint wish; see however 1235.
1235.A word in apposition with the possessive pronoun is put in the genitive: as,meā ūnīus operā,Pis.6,by my sole instrumentality.ad vestram omnium caedem,C.4, 4,for the murder of you all(1230). So particularlyipse,omnis,sōlus, andūnus.
1236.The genitive is often used predicatively with verbs meaningam,belong,become,make,seem,am accounted, &c., &c.: as,
litterāriī ista sunt lūdī, Quint. 1, 4, 27,such questions belong to the infant school.hīc versus Plautī nōn est, hīc est,Fam.9, 16, 4,this line is not Plautus’s, this one is.omnia, quae mulieris fuērunt, virī fīunt,Top.23,everything which was the woman’s becomes the man’s.neque sē iūdicāre Galliam potius esse Ariovistī quam populī Rōmānī, 1, 45, 1,and that he did not think Gaul was any more Ariovistus’s than it was the Romans’.hostiumst potīta, Pl.E.562,into the foemen’s hands she fell.
1237.The possessive genitive of a person or of an abstract is particularly common when the subject of the verb is an infinitive or sentence: as,
(a.)scyphīs pugnāre Thrācum est, H. 1, 27, 1,to fight with bowls is Vandal work.erat āmentis, cum aciem vidērēs, pācem cōgitāre,Lig.28,it was a madman’s act, dreaming of peace when you saw the troops in battalia.temporī cēdere semper sapientis est habitum,Fam.4, 9, 2,shaping your course to circumstance has always passed as the sign of a wise man.mentīrī nōn est meum, T.Hau.549,telling lies is not my style(1234). (b.)nōn est pudōris meī, mē prōpugnātōrem P. Scīpiōnis profitērī,V.4, 80,it is not in keeping with my delicacy to set up as the champion of Scipio.hārum rērum esse dēfēnsōrem magnī animī est,Sest.99,to be the defender of these interests takes heroism.hoc sentīre prūdentiae est, facere fortitūdinis,Sest.86,to think thus shows wisdom, to act thus, courage.negāvit mōris esse Graecōrum, ut in convīviō virōrum accumberent mulierēs,V.1, 66,he said it was not manners among the Greeks to have women at table at a men’s dinner-party.
1238.With the possessive genitive, the limited substantive is sometimes defined bycommūnis,propriusoraliēnus,sacer, ortōtusadded: as,hoc proprium virtūtis exīstimant, 6, 23, 2,this they consider a special characteristic of bravery.omnia quae nostra erant propria,RA.150,everything which was our peculiar property(1234).illa īnsula eōrum deōrum sacra putātur,V.1, 48,that island is considered the hallowed property of those gods.iam mē Pompēī tōtum esse scīs,Fam.2, 13, 2,you are aware that I am become Pompey’s, out and out.
The Genitive of Quality.
1239.(2.) The genitive with an adjective in agreement is used to denote quality, either attributively or predicatively: as,
(a.) Attributively:magnī ponderis saxa, 2, 29, 3,stones of great weight.summae speī adulēscentēs, 7, 63, 9,young men of high promise.diērum vīgintī supplicātiō, 4, 38, 5,a twenty day thanksgiving.bēlua multōrum es capitum, H.E.1, 1, 76,a many-headed beast art thou.eius modī cōnsilium, 5, 29, 5,such a plan.dēmittō auriculās ut inīquae mentis asellus, H.S.1, 9, 20,I drop my ears like Neddy in the sulks(269).vāllō pedumIX, 5, 42, 1,with a nine foot palisade. (b.) Predicatively:magnae habitus auctōritātis, 7, 77, 3,passing for a man of great influence.flūminis erat altitūdō circiter pedum trium, 2, 18, 3,the depth of the river was about three feet. The genitive of quality resembles the ablative of quality (1375); the two are sometimes combined: as,hominem maximī corporis terribilīque faciē, N. 15, 4, 1,a man of gigantic frame and with an awe-inspiring presence. But the genitive is common in designations of size and number.
1240.A substantive expressing quality withaequus,pār,similis, ordissimilisin agreement, is put not in the genitive, but in the ablative, by Cicero, Caesar, Nepos, and Livy.
The Partitive Genitive.
1241.(3.) The partitive genitive denotes a whole of which the limited substantive denotes a part. There are two kinds of partitive genitive, the numerical and the quantitative: as,
(a.)mīlitum pars, 6, 40, 8,part of the soldiers, numerical partitive (1242). (b.)multum aestātis, 5, 22, 4,much of the summer, quantitative partitive (1247).
1242.(a.) The numerical partitive is a plural or a collective, limiting a word expressing part of the number: as,
mīlitum pars, 6, 40, 8,part of the soldiers.pars equitātūs, 4, 16, 2,part of the cavalry.alter cōnsulum, L. 6, 35, 5,one of the two consuls.uter est īnsānior hōrum?H.S.2, 3, 102,which of these two is crazier?eōrum neuter,Pis.62,neither of the two.multae istārum arborum,CM.59,many of the trees you see there.quis omnium mortālium?V.5, 179,who among all the sons of men?nēmō nostrūm,RA.55,not one of us.nihil hōrum,RA.138,none of these things.Stertinius, sapientumoctāvus, H.S.2, 3, 296,Stertinius, of sages eighth.ō maior iuvenum, H.AP.366,O elder of the youths.hōrum omnium fortissimī sunt Belgae, 1, 1, 3,of all these the stoutest fighters are the Belgians. Also with superlative adverbs: as,deōrum maximē Mercurium colunt, Ta.G.9,of the gods, they revere Mercury most.minumē gentium, Pl.Poen.690, T.Eu.625,no, never in the world.
1243.uterque,each,both, often takes the genitive plural of a pronoun: as,quōrum uterque,uterque eōrum,hōrum,nostrūm, &c.; sometimes of a substantive and pronoun combined: as,utriusque hārum rērum,TD.1, 65,of each of these things.quārum cīvitātum utraque,V.5, 56,each of these communities. With a substantive alone, it is oftener attributive: as,uterque dux,Marc.24,each commander; and sometimes with neuter pronouns: as,quod utrumque, Brut. inFam.11, 1, 1, N. 25, 2, 4. The pluralutrīqueis used both ways: as,ab utrīsque vestrūm,Fam.11, 21, 5, andab utrīsque nōbīs, Brut. inFam.11, 20, 3.
1244.The pluralstot,totidem, andquot, are not used partitively, andomnēsandcūnctīonly so by poets and late prose writers.plērīqueis used either way, in agreement, or with the genitive.
1245.The numerical partitive is exceptionally used in poetry with the positive of a descriptive adjective: as,sāncte deōrum, V. 4, 576,thou holy of the gods. And in late prose, particularly with words denoting a class of persons: as,cum dēlēctīs peditum, L. 26, 5, 3,with the pick of the infantry.levīs cohortium, Ta. 3, 39,the light-armed of the cohorts.
1246.Instead of the numerical partitive, a prepositional expression withante,inter, orin, or withexordē, is sometimes used: as,ante aliōs acceptissimus, L. 1, 15, 8,most welcome before others. So particularlyquīdamandūnus,duo,trēs, withexordē: as,quīdam ex hīs, 2, 17, 2,one of these.ūnus dē multīs,Fin.2, 66,one of the common herd. Butūnussometimes has the genitive: as,ūnus multōrum, H.S.1, 9, 71. And usually so in a series, whenūnusis followed byalter,alius,tertius, &c.
1247.(b.) The quantitative partitive is usually a singular, limiting a neuter singular word denoting amount. The limited word is either a nominative, or an accusative without a preposition. This genitive often borders very closely on the genitive of definition (1255): as,
multum aestātis, 5, 22, 4,much of the summer.amplius obsidum, 6, 9, 7,something more extensive in the way of hostages.minus dubitātiōnis, 1, 14, 1,less of hesitation.quam minimum spatiī, 3, 19, 1,as little time as possible.id aetātis,DO.1, 207,at that time of life.id temporis,Fin.5, 1,at that time of day.quid causae est?Ac.1, 10,what earthly reason is there?hoc litterulārum,Att.12, 1, 1,this apology for a letter, orthis hasty line.hoc sibī̆ sōlācī prōpōnēbant, 7, 15, 2,they laid this flattering unction to their souls.
1248.Such neuters are:multum,plērumque,plūrimum,amplius,plūs,paulum,minus,minimum,tantum,quantum,tantundem,nimium; in poetry and late prose, also many other adjectives singular and plural. Furthermore,id,hoc,illud,quod,quid, &c., andnihil; alsoabunde,adfatim,largiter,nimis,partim,parum, andsatis.
1249.A few adjectives of place and time indicating a particular part of an object, are commonly used in immediate agreement with their substantives: as,
summus mōns, 1, 22, 1,the highest part of the mountain, orthe mountain-top.extrēmā hieme, mediā aestāte,IP.35,at the end of the winter, in midsummer. Such are:prīmus,intimus,medius,extrēmus,postrēmus,ūltimus,summus,īnfimus,īmus,reliquus. But the neuter is sometimes used partitively: as,aestātis extrēmum erat, S.I.90, 1,it was the end of summer.summa pectoris,Fam.1, 9, 15,the upper parts of the breast.
1250.The limiting genitive is often the neuter singular of an adjective used substantively: as,
aliquid bonī, T.Andr.398,something good.aliquid malī, T.Eu.999,something bad.numquid tandem novī?Br.10,nothing new, pray?This use is ordinarily confined to stems in-o-; rarely otherwise: as,plūs inānis, Lucr.1,365,more of the void: and usually only when joined with an-o-stem: as,nihil solidī, nihil ēminentis,DN.1, 75,no solidity, no projection.
1251.The partitive construction sometimes extends to the predicate: as,id erit sīgnī mē invītum facere,RA.83,this will be something of an indication that I act with reluctance;sīgnīis here in the predicate, and yet made dependent onid.quid ergō est tuī cōnsulī?Brut. inFam.11, 1, 3,what then is your advice?quid suī cōnsilī sit ostendit, 1, 21, 2,he explains what his plan is.quid est enim huic reliquī?Sull.89,for what is there left for my client?hī mīlitēs nihil reliquī victīs fēcēre, S.C.11, 7,these soldiers left nothing over to the conquered.nihil ad celeritātem sibī̆ reliquī fēcērunt, 2, 26, 5,as for speed, they left no effort unspared.
1252.The accusative with a preposition also sometimes has the genitive, as,in id redāctus sum locī, T.Ph.979,I am reduced to such a strait.ad id locī, S.C.45, 3,to that spot.ad id locōrum, S.I.63, 6,up to that time.in multum diēī, L. 9, 44, 11,till late in the day. In Cicero, also the ablativeseō,eōdem, andquō, withlocī: as,eō locī,Sest.68,in that position. And in later writers, other ablatives, with or without a preposition, also have a genitive.
1253.Some appellatives of place are put in the genitive with adverbs of place: as,ubinam gentium?Pl.Mer.434,C.1, 9,where in the world?nusquam gentium, T.Ad.540,nowhere in the world. Similarly,locīwith adverbs of time or order, as withintereāin Plautus and Terence,postideāin Plautus,posteāin Sallust, andindein Lucretius; alsolocōrumwithadhūcandpostidin Plautus.
1254.In Sallust, Livy, and Tacitus, genitives of abstracts are used with the adverbseō,quō, andhūc: as,eō miseriārum, S.I.14, 3,to that pitch of distress. Ones withut:ut quisque audentiae habuisset, adcurrerent, Ta. 15, 53,they should run up, with a speed commensurate in every case to their daring.
The Genitive of Definition.
1255.(4.) The genitive is used to define that of which a thing consists: as,
magna multitūdō perditōrum hominum, 3, 17, 4,a perfect swarm of desperadoes.innumerābile pondus aurī,Sest.93,a weight of gold too great to count.mīlle numerō nāvium clāssem,V.1, 48,an armada a thousand sail strong.
1256.The genitive of an explicit word containing the leading idea is sometimes used to define a more general word; as,
praedae pecudum hominumque, L. 24, 20, 5,booty consisting of cattle and human beings.pignora coniugum ac līberōrum, L. 2, 1, 5,pledges in the shape of wives and children.cōnfīsus mūnītiōne fossae, Caes.C.1, 42, 3,relying on the defensive works in the shape of a moat. Rarely in poetry and late prose, the proper name of a place, withurbs,prōmunturium, &c.: as,urbem Patavī, V., 1, 247,the city of Patavium(1045). Particularly with the wordsvōx,nōmen,genus, and especiallycausa: as,haec vōx voluptātis,Fin.2, 6,this word ‘pleasure.’nōmen amīcitiae,Fin.2, 78,the name ‘friendship.’Comparenōmen frāternum, 1, 36, 5,the name of brothers(1233).haec īgnōminiae causa,Clu.120,this reason, namely the censor’s stigma.parvulae causae vel falsae suspīciōnis vel terrōris repentīnī, Caes.C.3, 72, 4,insignificant causes, as for instance ungrounded suspicion or a panic.propter eam causam sceleris istīus,V.4, 113,for this reason, namely the crime of the defendant.
1257.The genitive of definition is very common withcausā, less common withgrātiā, to define what the motive or cause is: as,
amīcitiae causā, 1, 39, 2,from motives of friendship. Comparevestrā magis hoc causā volēbam, quam meā,DO.1, 164,I wished this more for your sake than for my own(1234).honestātis amplitūdinisque grātiā,RA.15,in compliment to their respectability and high social standing. So also sometimes withnōmine, and in old or official Latin, withergō.
1258.Conversely, the genitive of a generic word denoting a person is sometimes added to a leading word defining the kind of a person: as,frūstum puerī, Pl.Per.849,thou bit of a boy.mōnstrum hominis, T.Eu.696,thou fiend in human shape.quaedam pestēs hominum,Fam.5, 8, 2,some regular plagues in the shape of men.
1259.quidquid est,quantum est,quod est, orquodcumque est, with a genitive, is equivalent to an emphaticomnis: as,quidquid patrum est, L. 3, 17, 5,whatever there is in the shape of senators, i.e.every single senator.quod est pecūniae, trādit, Caes.C.2, 20, 8,what there is in the-way of money, he hands over. Similarlytantumfortot: as,tantum hominum, Pl.Poen.619,such a mass of men.
The Objective Genitive.
1260.(5.) The objective genitive denotes the object of the action expressed in the limited substantive: as,
metus hostium, Gell. 9, 12, 13,the fear of the enemy, i.e. which is felt towards them.vēnditiō bonōrum,RA.110,sale of the goods.lūctū fīlī,DO.2, 193,from grief for his son. This construction is freely used, even when the parallel verb has a dative, an ablative, or a prepositional expression: as,fīdūciā locī, 7, 19, 2,from confidence in the position.līberātiōnem culpae,Lig.1,acquittal from guilt.mīlitiae vacātiōnem, 6, 14, 1,exemption from military service.opīniōne trium legiōnum dēiectus, 5, 48, 1,disappointed in his hope of three legions.deōrum opīniō,TD.1, 30,a conception of the gods.miserrima est contentiō honōrum,Off.1, 87,a scramble for office is a pitiful thing.
1261.Instead of the objective genitive, a prepositional expression is sometimes used with greater precision: as,
metus ā vī atque īrā deōrum,DN.1, 45,fear of the might and wrath of the gods. So especially the accusative, usually denoting a person, within,ergā, oradversus, combined with substantives denoting feeling: as,odium in hominum ūniversum genus,TD.4, 25,hatred to all mankind.vestra ergā mē voluntās,C.4, 1,your good-will towards me.
1262.A possessive pronoun or adjective is sometimes used for the objective genitive: as,
(a.)odiō tuō, T.Ph.1016,from hate to thee.tuā fīdūciā,V.5, 176,from his reliance on you.aspectūque suō, Lucr. 1, 91,and at the sight of her. (b.)metus hostīlis, S.I.41, 2,fear felt of the enemy.servīlis percontātiō,DO.2, 327,crossquestioning of the servant-girls.firmus adversus mīlitārem largītiōnem, Ta.H.2, 82,dead-set against any largess to the military.
1263.(1.) The genitive is used with many adjectives to denote the object.
Such are chiefly adjectives meaning (a.)desirous, (b.)knowing, orremembering, (c.)participating,controlling, orguilty, (d.)full, and most of their opposites: as, (a.)aurī cupidus, Pl.Poen.179,eager for gold.sapientiae studiōsōs, id est enim philosophōs,TD.5, 9,devotees of wisdom, for that is what ‘philosophers’ means. So alsoaemulus,avidus,fastīdiōsus,invidus. (b.)gnārus rē̆ī pūblicae,Br.228,familiar with government.rē̆ī mīlitāris perītissimus, 1, 21, 4,a master of the art military.hominēs adulēscentulōs, inperītōs rērum, T.Andr.910,mere hobbledehoys, not up in the world’s ways.imperītus mōrum,RA.143,behind the times.immemor beneficiōrum, memor patriae,Ph.2, 27,forgetful of kindnesses, never forgetting his country. So alsocōnscius,cōnsultus,īnscius,īnsolēns,īnsolitus,īnsuētus,iēiūnus,prōvidus,prūdēns,rudis. (c.)praedae participēs, Caes.C.3, 82, 1,sharing in the booty.manifestus tantī sceleris, S.I.35, 8,caught in committing this atrocious crime.expers glōriae,IP.57,without a share in the glory. So alsoadfīnis,compos,cōnsors,exhērēs,potēns,reus. (d.)negōtī plēnus, Pl.Ps.380,full of business.fōns plēnissimus piscium,V.4, 118,a fountain swarming with fish.refertō praedōnum marī,IP.31,when the sea was crammed with corsairs. So alsofertilis,inops,līberālis,nūdus,prōfūsus.
1264.In poetry and late prose, a great many other adjectives of these meanings, besides those mentioned above, are also used with the genitive. Such are principally: (a.)avārus,cūriōsus,incūriōsus,sēcūrus. (b.)nescius,praesāgus,praescius,scītus. (c.)exsors,immūnis,impos,impotēns,innocēns,innoxius,īnsōns,noxius,suspectus. (d.)abundāns,dīves,egēnus,inānis,indigus,largus,parcus,pauper,prōdigus,sterilis,vacuus.
1265.Withcōnsciusand the genitive of a thing, the dative of a person is sometimes added: as,tot flāgitiōrum exercituī meō cōnscius, Ta. 1, 43,a participant with my army in so many outrages. Sometimescōnsciushas the dative of a thing: as,mēns cōnscia factīs, Lucr. 3, 1018,the mind of guilt aware.
1266.(2.) The genitive of the object is often used with present participles which express permanent condition.
These participles are chiefly from verbs which have a transitive use. Not common in old Latin: as,amantem uxōris, Pl.As.857,devoted to his wife,fugitāns lītium, T.Ph.623,inclined to dodge a suit at law. Very common in Cicero: as,semper appetentēs glōriae praeter cēterās gentīs fuistis,IP.7,you have always been more hungry for glory than any other nation. Especially in set expressions: as,homo amantissimus patriae,Sull.34,vir amantissimus rē̆ī pūblicae,C.4, 13,ever a devoted patriot.negōtī gerentēs,Sest.97,business men.aliēnī appetēns,DO.2, 135, S.C.5, 4,always hankering after other people’s things. In Caesar seldom: as,fugiēns labōris,C.1, 69, 3,apt to shirk exertion.