Γαλλαὶ μη|τρὸς ὀρείης| φιλόθυρσοι|δρομάδεςand in English:—“Perished many a maid and matron, many a valorous legionary,Fell the colony, city and citadel, London, Verulam, Camuloduné.”(Tennyson).2717.Horace (3,12) employs a system of ten pure Ionicsā minōre, e.g.:—Miserā́rum (e)st | nequ(e) amṓrī | dare lū́dum | neque dúlcīmala vīnō | laver(e) aút ex animā́rīmetuéntīs | patruaé ver|bera línguae.There is generally a diaeresis after each foot.Lyric Metres of Horace.2718.The following is a list of the Horatian lyric metres:—2719.(1.) TheIambic Trimeter(see2592ff.).Epode17.2720.(II.) TheIambic Strophe, an iambic trimeter (2592) followed by an iambic dimeter acatalectic (2617):—⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑͐ ‖ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇Epodes1-10.So in Archilochus, e.g.:—Ὦ Ζεῦ πάτερ, Ζεῦ, σὸν μὲν οὐρανοῦ κράτος,σὺ δ’ ἔργ’ ἐπ’ ἀνθρώπων ὁρᾷς.(Fr. 88, Bergk).2721.(III.) TheHipponacteanorTrochaic Strophe, a trochaic dimeter catalectic (2644) followed by an iambic trimeter catalectic (2601):—–́ ⏑ | –̇ ⏑ | –́ ⏑ | –̇ ⌃⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑͐ ‖ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑ ⏗́ –̇C.2, 18.2722.(IV.) TheFirst Pythiambic Strophe, a dactylic hexameter (2556) followed by an iambic dimeter acatalectic (2617):—–́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́ ‖ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ –⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇Epodes14and15.So in Archilochus, e.g.:—ἄψυχος, χαλεπῇσι θεῶν ὀδυνῇσιν ἕκητιπεπαρμένος δι’ ὀστέων.(Fr. 84, Bergk).2723.(V.) TheSecond Pythiambic Strophe, a dactylic hexameter (2556) followed by a pure iambic trimeter (2594):—–́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́ ‖ ⏔ | –́ ⏔[breve over bracketed long]| –́ –⏑ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑ ‖ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑ –́ | ⏑ –̇Epode16.So the Greek epigrammatists, e.g.:—Οἶνός τοι χαρίεντι πέλει ταχὺς ἵππος ἀοιδῷ;ὕδωρ δὲ πίνων οὐδὲν ἂν τέκοι σοφόν.(Nicaenetus).2724.(VI.) TheAlcmanian Strophe, a dactylic hexameter (2556) followed by a dactylic tetrameter catalectic (2578):—–́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́‖ ⏔ | –́ ⏔[breve over bracketed long]| –́ ––́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔[breve over bracketed long]| –́ ⏑⌃C. 1, 7, 28;Epode12.2725.(VII.) TheFirst Archilochian Strophe, a dactylic hexameter (2556) followed by a Lesser Archilochian (2579):—–́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́ ‖ ⏔ | –́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ ––́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ ⌅C.4, 7.2726.(VIII.) TheSecond Archilochian Strophe, a dactylic hexameter (2556) followed by an iambelegus (2678):—–́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –‖ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ –⏑͐⁞–́ ⏑ | –́ ⏑͐ | –́ ⏑ | –̇ ⌃ # –́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ ⌅Epode13.2727.(IX.) TheThird Archilochian Strophe, an iambic trimeter (2592) followed by an elegiambus (2680):—⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑͐ ‖ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇–́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ ⌅ # ⏑͐ ⁞ –́ ⏑ | –̇ ⏑͐ | –́ ⏑ | –̇ ⌃Epode11.Compare Archilochus fr. 85, Bergk (elegiambus; the trimeter is lost):—ἀλλά μ’ ὁ λυσιμελής, ὦ ’ταῖρε, δάμναται πόθος.2728.(X.) TheFourth Archilochian Strophe, a Greater Archilochian (2677) followed by an iambic trimeter catalectic (2601):—–́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́ ‖ ⏔ | –́ ⏑ ⏑ # –́ ⏑ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⏑⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑͐ ‖ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑ ⏗́ –̇C.1, 4.So Archilochus, e.g.:—τοῖος γὰρ φιλότητος ἔρως ὑπὸ καρδίην ελυσθεὶςπολλὴν κατ’ ἀχλὺν ὀμμάτων ἔχευεν(Fr. 103, Bergk).See, however,2677ad fin.2729.(XI.) TheLesser Asclepiadean Metre, a series of Lesser Asclepiadeans (2669) employed stichically (2546):—–́ > | –́ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃C.1, 1; 3, 30; 4, 8.So Alcaeus, e.g.:—ἦλθες ἐκ περάτων γᾶς ἐλεφαντίνανλάβαν τῶ ξίφεος χρυσοδέταν ἔχων(Fr. 33, Bergk).2730.(XII.) TheGreater Asclepiadean Metre, a series of Greater Asclepiadeans (2670) employed stichically (2546):—–́ > | –́ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –⌃C.1, 11, 18; 4, 10.So Alcaeus, e.g.:—μηδὲν ἄλλο φυτεύσῃς πρότερον δένδριον ἀμπέλω(Fr. 44, Bergk).Many editors hold (with Meineke) that the Horatian odes were written in tetrastichs (2545), and hence that this metre and the preceding were employed by Horace in strophes of four lines each. Catullus (30) seems to use the Greater Asclepiadean by distichs, and so apparently Sappho (fr. 69, Bergk). But as to these points there is still much dispute.2731.(XIII.) TheFirst Asclepiadean Strophe, a Glyconic (2660) followed by a Lesser Asclepiadean (2669):—–́ > | –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃–́ > | –́ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃C.1, 3, 13, 19, 36; 3, 9, 15, 19, 24, 25, 28; 4, 1, 3.Cf. Alcaeus:—νῦν δ’ [αὖτ’] οὗτος ἐπικρέτεικινήσαις τὸν ἀπ’ ἴρας πύματον λίθον.(Fr. 82, Bergk).In one instance,C.4, 1, 35, elision occurs at the end of the Glyconic.2732.(XIV.) TheSecond Asclepiadean Strophe, three Lesser Asclepiadeans (2669) followed by a Glyconic (2660):—–́ > | –́ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃–́ > | –́ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃–́ > | –́ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃–́ > | –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃C.1, 6, 15, 24, 33; 2, 12; 3, 10, 16; 4, 5, 12.2733.(XV.) TheThird Asclepiadean Strophe, two Lesser Asclepiadeans (2669), a Pherecratean (2659) and a Glyconic (2660):—–́ > | –́ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃–́ > | –́ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃–́ > | –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑–́ > | –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃C.1, 5, 14, 21, 23; 3, 7, 13; 4, 13.Compare Alcaeus (Pherecratean followed by Glyconic; apparently two Lesser Asclepiadeans preceded, but they are lost):—λάταγες ποτέονταικυλιχνᾶν ἄπο Τηΐαν.(Fr. 43, Bergk).2734.(XVI.) TheGreater Sapphic Strophe, an Aristophanic (2658) followed by a Greater Sapphic (2671):—–́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⏑–́ ⏑ | –́ > | –́ ‖ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | ⏗́ | –́ ⌃C.1, 8.2735.(XVII). TheSapphic Strophe, three Lesser Sapphics (2666) and an Adonic (2655):—–́ ⏑ | –́ > | –́ ‖ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⏑–́ ⏑ | –́ > | –́ ‖ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⏑–́ ⏑ | –́ > | –́ ‖ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⏑–́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑C.1, 2, 10, 12, 20, 22, 25, 30, 32, 38; 2, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 16; 3, 8, 11, 14, 18, 20, 22, 27; 4, 2, 6, 11;Carmen Saeculare. Also in Catullus 11 and 51.So Sappho:—φαίνεταί μοι κῆνος ἴσος θέοισινἔμμεν ὤνερ ὄστις ἐναντίος τοιἰζάνει καὶ πλασίον ἆδυ φωνεύ-σας ὑπακούει(Fr. 2, Bergk).Sappho apparently treated the third Sapphic and the Adonic as continuous; but Horace and Catullus allowsyllaba anceps(and Horace in four cases, 1, 2, 47; 1, 12, 7, and 31; 1, 22, 15, hiatus) at the end of the third line. On the other hand, both Catullus and Horace sometimes join the third line to the fourth (by dividing a word, Hor. 1, 2, 19; 25, 11; 2, 16, 7; Cat. 11, 11; by elision Hor. 4, 2, 23;Car. Saec.47; Cat. 11, 19), and in a few instances the second to the third (Hor, 2, 2, 18; 16, 34; 4, 2, 22; Cat. 11, 22, all by elision) bysynapheia(see2510). In Horace, the last foot of the third line is nearly always an irrational spondee.2736.(XVIII.) TheAlcaic Strophe, two Greater Alcaics (2667), a nine-syllabled Alcaic (2642) and a Lesser Alcaic (2663):—⏑͐ ⁞ –́ ⏑ | –́ > # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃⏑͐ ⁞ –́ ⏑ | –́ > # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃⏑͐ ⁞ –́ ⏑ | –́ > | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⏑–́ ⏖ | –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⏑C.1, 9, 16, 17, 26, 27, 29, 31, 34, 35, 37; 2, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20; 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 17, 21, 23, 26, 29; 4, 4, 9, 14, 15.So Alcaeus:—Ἀσυνέτημι τῶν ἀνέμων στάσιν·τὸ μὲν γὰρ ἔνθεν κῦμα κυλίνδεται,τὸ δ’ ἔνθεν· ἄμμες δ’ἂντὸ μέσσοννᾶϊ φορήμεθα σὺν μελαίνᾳ.(Fr. 18, Bergk).In the Greek poets the last two lines are sometimes joined bysynapheia(2510), and Horace has elision at the end of the third verse in 2, 3, 27; 3, 29, 35. But he frequently admits hiatus in that place.2737.(XIX.) TheIonic System, a system of ten pure Ionicsā minōre(see2717):—⏖ –́ – | ⏖ –́ – | ⏖ –́ – | ⏖ –́ –⏖ –́ – | ⏖ – – | ⏖ –́ – | ⏖ –́ –⏖ –́ – | ⏖ –́ –C.3, 12.Lyric Strophes of Catullus.2738.Catullus in 34 uses a strophe consisting of three Glyconics (2660) followed by a Pherecratean (2659):—[–́ ⏑]– > | –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃[⏑́–][–́ ⏑]–́ > | –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃[⏑́–][–́ ⏑]–́ > | –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃[⏑́–][–́ ⏑]–́ > | –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑[⏑́–]In 61 he employs a strophe consisting offourGlyconics followed by a Pherecratean.2739.Index of Horatian Odes and their Metres.The Roman numerals in the table refer to the numbers assigned to the various strophes in 2719-2737.Book.Ode.Metre.11XI.2XVII.3XIII.4X.5XV.6XIV.7VI.8XVI.9XVIII.10XVII.11XII.12XVII.13XIII.14XV.15XIV.16XVIII.17XVIII.18XII.19XIII.20XVII.21XV.22XVII.23XV.24XIV.25XVII.26XVIII.27XVIII.28VI.29XVIII.30XVII.31XVIII.32XVII.33XIV.34XVIII.35XVIII.36XIII.37XVIII.38XVII.21XVIII.2XVII.3XVIII.4XVII.5XVIII.6XVII.7XVIII.8XVII.9XVIII.10XVII.11XVIII.12XIV.13XVIII.14XVIII.15XVIII.16XVII.17XVIII.18III.19XVIII.20XVIII.Book.Ode.Metre.31-6XVIII.7XV.8XVII.9XIII.10XIV.11XVII.12XIX.13XV.14XVII.15XIII.16XIV.17XVIII.18XVII.19XIII.20XVII.21XVIII.22XVII.23XVIII.24XIII.25XIII.26XVIII.27XVII.28XIII.29XVIII.30XI.41XIII.2XVII.3XIII.4XVIII.5XIV.6XVII.7VII.8XI.9XVIII.10XII.11XVII.12XIV.13XV.14XVIII.15XVIII.CarmenSaeculareXVII.Epodes1-10II.11IX.12VI.13VIII.14IV.15IV.16V.17I.Abbreviations used in Citing the Authors.2740.In Part First, in which authors are occasionally cited, but without direct reference to their works, the usual abbreviations are employed: as Plaut., Ter., Cic., Verg., Hor., &c., &c.2741.In Part Second, the principles adopted are as follows:2742.(1.) A reference consisting of figures alone (as, 2, 2, 3), denotes book, chapter, and section of Caesarde Bello Gallico.2743.(2.) A reference to a work (in italics), without a preceding abbreviation for the author’s name (as,TD.1, 2;Mil.3), denotes the book and section, or the section only, of a work by Cicero. The abbreviations used to denote his works are given in the list below (2745).2744.(3.) A reference made to Vergil (V.), followed by figures alone, is a reference to theAeneid: as, V. 1, 20. Similarly, H. stands alone for theOdesof Horace; O. alone for theMetamorphosesof Ovid; and Ta. alone for theAnnalsof Tacitus.2745.(4.) Roman letters are used in the abbreviations of the names of authors,italicsin the abbreviations of the names of their works, as in the following List:—List of Abbreviations.Abbreviations.Authors and Works.Caes.Caesar.C.dē Bellō Cīvīlī.See2742.dēBellō Gallicō.Cat.Catullus.See2743.Cicero.Ac.Acadēmica.ad Br.ad Brūtum Epistulae.Agr.dē lēge Agrāriā.Arch.prō Archiā.Att.ad Atticum Epistulae.Balb.prō Balbō.Br.Brūtus.C.in Catilīnam.Caec.prō Caecīnā.Caecil.Dīvinātiō in Caecilium.Cael.prō Caeliō.CM.Catō Maior.Clu.prō Cluentiō.D.prō Dēiotarō.Div.dē Dīvinātiōne.DN.dē Deōrum Nātūrā.DO.dē Ōrātōre.Fam.ad Familiārēs Epistulae.Fat.dē Fātō.Fin.dēFīnibus.Fl.orFlacc.prō Flaccō.HR.dē Haruspicum Respōnsīs.IP.dē Imperiō Pompēī.Inv.dē Inventiōne.L.Laelius.LAgr.dē lēge Agrāriā.Leg.dē Lēgibus.Lig.prō Ligāriō.Marc.prō Marcellō.Mil.prō Milōne.Mur.prō Mūrēnā.O.Ōrātor.Off.dē Officiīs.OG.dēOptimō Genere Ōrātōrum.OP.dēŌrātōriā Partītiōne.Par.Paradoxa.PC.dēPrōvinciīs Cōnsulāribus.Ph.Philippicae.Pis.in Pīsōnem.Pl.orPlanc.prō Planciō.Q.orQuint.prō Quīntiō.QFr.ad Quīntum Frātrem Epistulae.RA.prō Rōsciō Amerīnō.RC.prō Rōsciō Cōmoedō.RP.dē Rē Pūblicā.Rab.prō Rabīriō perduelliōnis reō.RabP.prō Rabīriō Posthumō.Scaur.prō Scaurō.Sest.prō Sēstiō.Sull.prō Sūllā.T.orTop.Topica.TD.Tusculānae Disputātiōnēs.Tim.Timaeus.Tul.prō Tulliō.V. a. pr.in Verrem āctiō I.V.in Verrem āctiō II.Corn., Cornif.Cornificius.E.Ennius.Fest.Festus.Gell.Gellius.H.Horace.AP.Ars Poetica.See2744.Carmina.E.Epistulae.Epod.Epōdoi.S.Sermōnēs.J.Juvenal.L.Livy.Lucil.Lucilius.Lucr.Lucretius.Abbreviations.Authors and Works.Macrob.Macrobius.Sat.Sāturnālia.Mart.Martial.N.Nepos.O.Ovid.A.Amōrēs.AA.Ars Amātōria.F.Fāstī.See2744.Metamorphōsēs.Tr.Trīstia.Pl.Plautus.Am.Amphitruō.As.Asināria.Aul.Aululāria.B.Bacchidēs.Cap.Captīvī.Cas.Casina.Cist.Cistellāria.Cu.orCur.Curculiō.E.Epidicus.Men.Menaechmī.Mer.Mercātor.MG.Mīles Glōriōsus.Most.Mostellāria.Per.Persa.Poen.Poenulus.Ps.Pseudolus.R.Rudēns.St.Stichus.Tri.Trinummus.Tru.Truculentus.Vid.Vīdulāria.Plin.Ep.Pliny’sEpistulae.Plin.NH.Pliny’sNātūrālis Historiae.Prop.Propertius.Publil. Syr.Publilius Syrus.Quint. or Quintil.Quintilian.S.Sallust.C.Catilīna.Fr. Lep.Fragmenta Ōrātiōnis Lepidī.Fr. Phil.Fragmenta Ōrātiōnis Phillippī.I.Iugurtha.Sen.Seneca.Ben.dē Beneficiīs.Ep.Epistulae.St.Statius.Th.Thēbais.Suet.Suetonius.Aug.Augustus.Cal.Caligula.Cl.Claudius.Galb.Galba.Iul.Iūlius.Tib.Tiberius.T.Terence.Ad.Adelphoe.Andr.Andria.Eu.Eunūchus.Hec.Hecyra.Hau.Hauton Tīmōrūmenos.Ph.Phormiō.Ta.Tacitus.See2744.Annālēs.A.orAgr.Agricola.D.Dialogus.G.Germānia.H.Historiae.Tib.Tibullus.V.Vergil.See2744.Aenēis.E.Eclogae.G.Geōrgica.
Γαλλαὶ μη|τρὸς ὀρείης| φιλόθυρσοι|δρομάδες
Γαλλαὶ μη|τρὸς ὀρείης| φιλόθυρσοι|δρομάδες
and in English:—
“Perished many a maid and matron, many a valorous legionary,Fell the colony, city and citadel, London, Verulam, Camuloduné.”(Tennyson).
“Perished many a maid and matron, many a valorous legionary,
Fell the colony, city and citadel, London, Verulam, Camuloduné.”(Tennyson).
2717.Horace (3,12) employs a system of ten pure Ionicsā minōre, e.g.:—
Miserā́rum (e)st | nequ(e) amṓrī | dare lū́dum | neque dúlcīmala vīnō | laver(e) aút ex animā́rīmetuéntīs | patruaé ver|bera línguae.
Miserā́rum (e)st | nequ(e) amṓrī | dare lū́dum | neque dúlcī
mala vīnō | laver(e) aút ex animā́rī
metuéntīs | patruaé ver|bera línguae.
There is generally a diaeresis after each foot.
2718.The following is a list of the Horatian lyric metres:—
2719.(1.) TheIambic Trimeter(see2592ff.).Epode17.
2720.(II.) TheIambic Strophe, an iambic trimeter (2592) followed by an iambic dimeter acatalectic (2617):—
⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑͐ ‖ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇Epodes1-10.
⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑͐ ‖ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇
⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇Epodes1-10.
So in Archilochus, e.g.:—
Ὦ Ζεῦ πάτερ, Ζεῦ, σὸν μὲν οὐρανοῦ κράτος,σὺ δ’ ἔργ’ ἐπ’ ἀνθρώπων ὁρᾷς.(Fr. 88, Bergk).
Ὦ Ζεῦ πάτερ, Ζεῦ, σὸν μὲν οὐρανοῦ κράτος,
σὺ δ’ ἔργ’ ἐπ’ ἀνθρώπων ὁρᾷς.(Fr. 88, Bergk).
2721.(III.) TheHipponacteanorTrochaic Strophe, a trochaic dimeter catalectic (2644) followed by an iambic trimeter catalectic (2601):—
–́ ⏑ | –̇ ⏑ | –́ ⏑ | –̇ ⌃⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑͐ ‖ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑ ⏗́ –̇C.2, 18.
–́ ⏑ | –̇ ⏑ | –́ ⏑ | –̇ ⌃
⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑͐ ‖ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑ ⏗́ –̇C.2, 18.
2722.(IV.) TheFirst Pythiambic Strophe, a dactylic hexameter (2556) followed by an iambic dimeter acatalectic (2617):—
–́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́ ‖ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ –⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇Epodes14and15.
–́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́ ‖ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ –
⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇Epodes14and15.
So in Archilochus, e.g.:—
ἄψυχος, χαλεπῇσι θεῶν ὀδυνῇσιν ἕκητιπεπαρμένος δι’ ὀστέων.(Fr. 84, Bergk).
ἄψυχος, χαλεπῇσι θεῶν ὀδυνῇσιν ἕκητι
πεπαρμένος δι’ ὀστέων.(Fr. 84, Bergk).
2723.(V.) TheSecond Pythiambic Strophe, a dactylic hexameter (2556) followed by a pure iambic trimeter (2594):—
–́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́ ‖ ⏔ | –́ ⏔[breve over bracketed long]| –́ –⏑ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑ ‖ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑ –́ | ⏑ –̇Epode16.
–́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́ ‖ ⏔ | –́ ⏔[breve over bracketed long]| –́ –
⏑ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑ ‖ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑ –́ | ⏑ –̇Epode16.
So the Greek epigrammatists, e.g.:—
Οἶνός τοι χαρίεντι πέλει ταχὺς ἵππος ἀοιδῷ;ὕδωρ δὲ πίνων οὐδὲν ἂν τέκοι σοφόν.(Nicaenetus).
Οἶνός τοι χαρίεντι πέλει ταχὺς ἵππος ἀοιδῷ;
ὕδωρ δὲ πίνων οὐδὲν ἂν τέκοι σοφόν.(Nicaenetus).
2724.(VI.) TheAlcmanian Strophe, a dactylic hexameter (2556) followed by a dactylic tetrameter catalectic (2578):—
–́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́‖ ⏔ | –́ ⏔[breve over bracketed long]| –́ ––́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔[breve over bracketed long]| –́ ⏑⌃C. 1, 7, 28;Epode12.
–́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́‖ ⏔ | –́ ⏔[breve over bracketed long]| –́ –
–́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔[breve over bracketed long]| –́ ⏑⌃C. 1, 7, 28;Epode12.
2725.(VII.) TheFirst Archilochian Strophe, a dactylic hexameter (2556) followed by a Lesser Archilochian (2579):—
–́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́ ‖ ⏔ | –́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ ––́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ ⌅C.4, 7.
–́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́ ‖ ⏔ | –́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ –
–́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ ⌅C.4, 7.
2726.(VIII.) TheSecond Archilochian Strophe, a dactylic hexameter (2556) followed by an iambelegus (2678):—
–́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –‖ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ –⏑͐⁞–́ ⏑ | –́ ⏑͐ | –́ ⏑ | –̇ ⌃ # –́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ ⌅Epode13.
–́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –‖ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ –
⏑͐⁞–́ ⏑ | –́ ⏑͐ | –́ ⏑ | –̇ ⌃ # –́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ ⌅Epode13.
2727.(IX.) TheThird Archilochian Strophe, an iambic trimeter (2592) followed by an elegiambus (2680):—
⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑͐ ‖ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇–́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ ⌅ # ⏑͐ ⁞ –́ ⏑ | –̇ ⏑͐ | –́ ⏑ | –̇ ⌃Epode11.
⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑͐ ‖ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇
–́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ ⏑ ⏑ | –́ ⌅ # ⏑͐ ⁞ –́ ⏑ | –̇ ⏑͐ | –́ ⏑ | –̇ ⌃Epode11.
Compare Archilochus fr. 85, Bergk (elegiambus; the trimeter is lost):—
ἀλλά μ’ ὁ λυσιμελής, ὦ ’ταῖρε, δάμναται πόθος.
ἀλλά μ’ ὁ λυσιμελής, ὦ ’ταῖρε, δάμναται πόθος.
2728.(X.) TheFourth Archilochian Strophe, a Greater Archilochian (2677) followed by an iambic trimeter catalectic (2601):—
–́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́ ‖ ⏔ | –́ ⏑ ⏑ # –́ ⏑ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⏑⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑͐ ‖ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑ ⏗́ –̇C.1, 4.
–́ ⏔ | –́ ⏔ | –́ ‖ ⏔ | –́ ⏑ ⏑ # –́ ⏑ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⏑
⏑͐ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑͐ ‖ –́ | ⏑ –̇ | ⏑ ⏗́ –̇C.1, 4.
So Archilochus, e.g.:—
τοῖος γὰρ φιλότητος ἔρως ὑπὸ καρδίην ελυσθεὶςπολλὴν κατ’ ἀχλὺν ὀμμάτων ἔχευεν(Fr. 103, Bergk).
τοῖος γὰρ φιλότητος ἔρως ὑπὸ καρδίην ελυσθεὶς
πολλὴν κατ’ ἀχλὺν ὀμμάτων ἔχευεν(Fr. 103, Bergk).
See, however,2677ad fin.
2729.(XI.) TheLesser Asclepiadean Metre, a series of Lesser Asclepiadeans (2669) employed stichically (2546):—
–́ > | –́ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃C.1, 1; 3, 30; 4, 8.
–́ > | –́ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃C.1, 1; 3, 30; 4, 8.
So Alcaeus, e.g.:—
ἦλθες ἐκ περάτων γᾶς ἐλεφαντίνανλάβαν τῶ ξίφεος χρυσοδέταν ἔχων(Fr. 33, Bergk).
ἦλθες ἐκ περάτων γᾶς ἐλεφαντίναν
λάβαν τῶ ξίφεος χρυσοδέταν ἔχων(Fr. 33, Bergk).
2730.(XII.) TheGreater Asclepiadean Metre, a series of Greater Asclepiadeans (2670) employed stichically (2546):—
–́ > | –́ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –⌃C.1, 11, 18; 4, 10.
–́ > | –́ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –⌃C.1, 11, 18; 4, 10.
So Alcaeus, e.g.:—
μηδὲν ἄλλο φυτεύσῃς πρότερον δένδριον ἀμπέλω(Fr. 44, Bergk).
μηδὲν ἄλλο φυτεύσῃς πρότερον δένδριον ἀμπέλω(Fr. 44, Bergk).
Many editors hold (with Meineke) that the Horatian odes were written in tetrastichs (2545), and hence that this metre and the preceding were employed by Horace in strophes of four lines each. Catullus (30) seems to use the Greater Asclepiadean by distichs, and so apparently Sappho (fr. 69, Bergk). But as to these points there is still much dispute.
2731.(XIII.) TheFirst Asclepiadean Strophe, a Glyconic (2660) followed by a Lesser Asclepiadean (2669):—
–́ > | –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃–́ > | –́ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃C.1, 3, 13, 19, 36; 3, 9, 15, 19, 24, 25, 28; 4, 1, 3.
–́ > | –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃
–́ > | –́ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃C.1, 3, 13, 19, 36; 3, 9, 15, 19, 24, 25, 28; 4, 1, 3.
Cf. Alcaeus:—
νῦν δ’ [αὖτ’] οὗτος ἐπικρέτεικινήσαις τὸν ἀπ’ ἴρας πύματον λίθον.(Fr. 82, Bergk).
νῦν δ’ [αὖτ’] οὗτος ἐπικρέτει
κινήσαις τὸν ἀπ’ ἴρας πύματον λίθον.(Fr. 82, Bergk).
In one instance,C.4, 1, 35, elision occurs at the end of the Glyconic.
2732.(XIV.) TheSecond Asclepiadean Strophe, three Lesser Asclepiadeans (2669) followed by a Glyconic (2660):—
–́ > | –́ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃–́ > | –́ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃–́ > | –́ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃–́ > | –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃C.1, 6, 15, 24, 33; 2, 12; 3, 10, 16; 4, 5, 12.
–́ > | –́ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃
–́ > | –́ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃
–́ > | –́ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃
–́ > | –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃C.1, 6, 15, 24, 33; 2, 12; 3, 10, 16; 4, 5, 12.
2733.(XV.) TheThird Asclepiadean Strophe, two Lesser Asclepiadeans (2669), a Pherecratean (2659) and a Glyconic (2660):—
–́ > | –́ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃–́ > | –́ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃–́ > | –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑–́ > | –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃C.1, 5, 14, 21, 23; 3, 7, 13; 4, 13.
–́ > | –́ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃
–́ > | –́ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃
–́ > | –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑
–́ > | –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃C.1, 5, 14, 21, 23; 3, 7, 13; 4, 13.
Compare Alcaeus (Pherecratean followed by Glyconic; apparently two Lesser Asclepiadeans preceded, but they are lost):—
λάταγες ποτέονταικυλιχνᾶν ἄπο Τηΐαν.(Fr. 43, Bergk).
λάταγες ποτέονται
κυλιχνᾶν ἄπο Τηΐαν.(Fr. 43, Bergk).
2734.(XVI.) TheGreater Sapphic Strophe, an Aristophanic (2658) followed by a Greater Sapphic (2671):—
–́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⏑–́ ⏑ | –́ > | –́ ‖ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | ⏗́ | –́ ⌃C.1, 8.
–́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⏑
–́ ⏑ | –́ > | –́ ‖ ⏖ | ⏗́ # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | ⏗́ | –́ ⌃C.1, 8.
2735.(XVII). TheSapphic Strophe, three Lesser Sapphics (2666) and an Adonic (2655):—
–́ ⏑ | –́ > | –́ ‖ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⏑–́ ⏑ | –́ > | –́ ‖ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⏑–́ ⏑ | –́ > | –́ ‖ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⏑–́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑
–́ ⏑ | –́ > | –́ ‖ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⏑
–́ ⏑ | –́ > | –́ ‖ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⏑
–́ ⏑ | –́ > | –́ ‖ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⏑
–́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑
C.1, 2, 10, 12, 20, 22, 25, 30, 32, 38; 2, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 16; 3, 8, 11, 14, 18, 20, 22, 27; 4, 2, 6, 11;Carmen Saeculare. Also in Catullus 11 and 51.
So Sappho:—
φαίνεταί μοι κῆνος ἴσος θέοισινἔμμεν ὤνερ ὄστις ἐναντίος τοιἰζάνει καὶ πλασίον ἆδυ φωνεύ-σας ὑπακούει(Fr. 2, Bergk).
φαίνεταί μοι κῆνος ἴσος θέοισιν
ἔμμεν ὤνερ ὄστις ἐναντίος τοι
ἰζάνει καὶ πλασίον ἆδυ φωνεύ-
σας ὑπακούει(Fr. 2, Bergk).
Sappho apparently treated the third Sapphic and the Adonic as continuous; but Horace and Catullus allowsyllaba anceps(and Horace in four cases, 1, 2, 47; 1, 12, 7, and 31; 1, 22, 15, hiatus) at the end of the third line. On the other hand, both Catullus and Horace sometimes join the third line to the fourth (by dividing a word, Hor. 1, 2, 19; 25, 11; 2, 16, 7; Cat. 11, 11; by elision Hor. 4, 2, 23;Car. Saec.47; Cat. 11, 19), and in a few instances the second to the third (Hor, 2, 2, 18; 16, 34; 4, 2, 22; Cat. 11, 22, all by elision) bysynapheia(see2510). In Horace, the last foot of the third line is nearly always an irrational spondee.
2736.(XVIII.) TheAlcaic Strophe, two Greater Alcaics (2667), a nine-syllabled Alcaic (2642) and a Lesser Alcaic (2663):—
⏑͐ ⁞ –́ ⏑ | –́ > # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃⏑͐ ⁞ –́ ⏑ | –́ > # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃⏑͐ ⁞ –́ ⏑ | –́ > | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⏑–́ ⏖ | –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⏑
⏑͐ ⁞ –́ ⏑ | –́ > # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃
⏑͐ ⁞ –́ ⏑ | –́ > # –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃
⏑͐ ⁞ –́ ⏑ | –́ > | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⏑
–́ ⏖ | –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⏑
C.1, 9, 16, 17, 26, 27, 29, 31, 34, 35, 37; 2, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20; 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 17, 21, 23, 26, 29; 4, 4, 9, 14, 15.
So Alcaeus:—
Ἀσυνέτημι τῶν ἀνέμων στάσιν·τὸ μὲν γὰρ ἔνθεν κῦμα κυλίνδεται,τὸ δ’ ἔνθεν· ἄμμες δ’ἂντὸ μέσσοννᾶϊ φορήμεθα σὺν μελαίνᾳ.(Fr. 18, Bergk).
Ἀσυνέτημι τῶν ἀνέμων στάσιν·
τὸ μὲν γὰρ ἔνθεν κῦμα κυλίνδεται,
τὸ δ’ ἔνθεν· ἄμμες δ’ἂντὸ μέσσον
νᾶϊ φορήμεθα σὺν μελαίνᾳ.(Fr. 18, Bergk).
In the Greek poets the last two lines are sometimes joined bysynapheia(2510), and Horace has elision at the end of the third verse in 2, 3, 27; 3, 29, 35. But he frequently admits hiatus in that place.
2737.(XIX.) TheIonic System, a system of ten pure Ionicsā minōre(see2717):—
⏖ –́ – | ⏖ –́ – | ⏖ –́ – | ⏖ –́ –⏖ –́ – | ⏖ – – | ⏖ –́ – | ⏖ –́ –⏖ –́ – | ⏖ –́ –C.3, 12.
⏖ –́ – | ⏖ –́ – | ⏖ –́ – | ⏖ –́ –
⏖ –́ – | ⏖ – – | ⏖ –́ – | ⏖ –́ –
⏖ –́ – | ⏖ –́ –
C.3, 12.
2738.Catullus in 34 uses a strophe consisting of three Glyconics (2660) followed by a Pherecratean (2659):—
[–́ ⏑]– > | –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃[⏑́–][–́ ⏑]–́ > | –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃[⏑́–][–́ ⏑]–́ > | –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃[⏑́–][–́ ⏑]–́ > | –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑[⏑́–]
[–́ ⏑]
– > | –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃
[⏑́–]
[–́ ⏑]
–́ > | –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃
[⏑́–]
[–́ ⏑]
–́ > | –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑ | –́ ⌃
[⏑́–]
[–́ ⏑]
–́ > | –́ ⏖ | –́ ⏑
[⏑́–]
In 61 he employs a strophe consisting offourGlyconics followed by a Pherecratean.
The Roman numerals in the table refer to the numbers assigned to the various strophes in 2719-2737.
Book.Ode.Metre.11XI.2XVII.3XIII.4X.5XV.6XIV.7VI.8XVI.9XVIII.10XVII.11XII.12XVII.13XIII.14XV.15XIV.16XVIII.17XVIII.18XII.19XIII.20XVII.21XV.22XVII.23XV.24XIV.25XVII.26XVIII.27XVIII.28VI.29XVIII.30XVII.31XVIII.32XVII.33XIV.34XVIII.35XVIII.36XIII.37XVIII.38XVII.21XVIII.2XVII.3XVIII.4XVII.5XVIII.6XVII.7XVIII.8XVII.9XVIII.10XVII.11XVIII.12XIV.13XVIII.14XVIII.15XVIII.16XVII.17XVIII.18III.19XVIII.20XVIII.Book.Ode.Metre.31-6XVIII.7XV.8XVII.9XIII.10XIV.11XVII.12XIX.13XV.14XVII.15XIII.16XIV.17XVIII.18XVII.19XIII.20XVII.21XVIII.22XVII.23XVIII.24XIII.25XIII.26XVIII.27XVII.28XIII.29XVIII.30XI.41XIII.2XVII.3XIII.4XVIII.5XIV.6XVII.7VII.8XI.9XVIII.10XII.11XVII.12XIV.13XV.14XVIII.15XVIII.CarmenSaeculareXVII.Epodes1-10II.11IX.12VI.13VIII.14IV.15IV.16V.17I.
2740.In Part First, in which authors are occasionally cited, but without direct reference to their works, the usual abbreviations are employed: as Plaut., Ter., Cic., Verg., Hor., &c., &c.
2741.In Part Second, the principles adopted are as follows:
2742.(1.) A reference consisting of figures alone (as, 2, 2, 3), denotes book, chapter, and section of Caesarde Bello Gallico.
2743.(2.) A reference to a work (in italics), without a preceding abbreviation for the author’s name (as,TD.1, 2;Mil.3), denotes the book and section, or the section only, of a work by Cicero. The abbreviations used to denote his works are given in the list below (2745).
2744.(3.) A reference made to Vergil (V.), followed by figures alone, is a reference to theAeneid: as, V. 1, 20. Similarly, H. stands alone for theOdesof Horace; O. alone for theMetamorphosesof Ovid; and Ta. alone for theAnnalsof Tacitus.
2745.(4.) Roman letters are used in the abbreviations of the names of authors,italicsin the abbreviations of the names of their works, as in the following List:—
List of Abbreviations.
Abbreviations.Authors and Works.Caes.Caesar.C.dē Bellō Cīvīlī.See2742.dēBellō Gallicō.Cat.Catullus.See2743.Cicero.Ac.Acadēmica.ad Br.ad Brūtum Epistulae.Agr.dē lēge Agrāriā.Arch.prō Archiā.Att.ad Atticum Epistulae.Balb.prō Balbō.Br.Brūtus.C.in Catilīnam.Caec.prō Caecīnā.Caecil.Dīvinātiō in Caecilium.Cael.prō Caeliō.CM.Catō Maior.Clu.prō Cluentiō.D.prō Dēiotarō.Div.dē Dīvinātiōne.DN.dē Deōrum Nātūrā.DO.dē Ōrātōre.Fam.ad Familiārēs Epistulae.Fat.dē Fātō.Fin.dēFīnibus.Fl.orFlacc.prō Flaccō.HR.dē Haruspicum Respōnsīs.IP.dē Imperiō Pompēī.Inv.dē Inventiōne.L.Laelius.LAgr.dē lēge Agrāriā.Leg.dē Lēgibus.Lig.prō Ligāriō.Marc.prō Marcellō.Mil.prō Milōne.Mur.prō Mūrēnā.O.Ōrātor.Off.dē Officiīs.OG.dēOptimō Genere Ōrātōrum.OP.dēŌrātōriā Partītiōne.Par.Paradoxa.PC.dēPrōvinciīs Cōnsulāribus.Ph.Philippicae.Pis.in Pīsōnem.Pl.orPlanc.prō Planciō.Q.orQuint.prō Quīntiō.QFr.ad Quīntum Frātrem Epistulae.RA.prō Rōsciō Amerīnō.RC.prō Rōsciō Cōmoedō.RP.dē Rē Pūblicā.Rab.prō Rabīriō perduelliōnis reō.RabP.prō Rabīriō Posthumō.Scaur.prō Scaurō.Sest.prō Sēstiō.Sull.prō Sūllā.T.orTop.Topica.TD.Tusculānae Disputātiōnēs.Tim.Timaeus.Tul.prō Tulliō.V. a. pr.in Verrem āctiō I.V.in Verrem āctiō II.Corn., Cornif.Cornificius.E.Ennius.Fest.Festus.Gell.Gellius.H.Horace.AP.Ars Poetica.See2744.Carmina.E.Epistulae.Epod.Epōdoi.S.Sermōnēs.J.Juvenal.L.Livy.Lucil.Lucilius.Lucr.Lucretius.Abbreviations.Authors and Works.Macrob.Macrobius.Sat.Sāturnālia.Mart.Martial.N.Nepos.O.Ovid.A.Amōrēs.AA.Ars Amātōria.F.Fāstī.See2744.Metamorphōsēs.Tr.Trīstia.Pl.Plautus.Am.Amphitruō.As.Asināria.Aul.Aululāria.B.Bacchidēs.Cap.Captīvī.Cas.Casina.Cist.Cistellāria.Cu.orCur.Curculiō.E.Epidicus.Men.Menaechmī.Mer.Mercātor.MG.Mīles Glōriōsus.Most.Mostellāria.Per.Persa.Poen.Poenulus.Ps.Pseudolus.R.Rudēns.St.Stichus.Tri.Trinummus.Tru.Truculentus.Vid.Vīdulāria.Plin.Ep.Pliny’sEpistulae.Plin.NH.Pliny’sNātūrālis Historiae.Prop.Propertius.Publil. Syr.Publilius Syrus.Quint. or Quintil.Quintilian.S.Sallust.C.Catilīna.Fr. Lep.Fragmenta Ōrātiōnis Lepidī.Fr. Phil.Fragmenta Ōrātiōnis Phillippī.I.Iugurtha.Sen.Seneca.Ben.dē Beneficiīs.Ep.Epistulae.St.Statius.Th.Thēbais.Suet.Suetonius.Aug.Augustus.Cal.Caligula.Cl.Claudius.Galb.Galba.Iul.Iūlius.Tib.Tiberius.T.Terence.Ad.Adelphoe.Andr.Andria.Eu.Eunūchus.Hec.Hecyra.Hau.Hauton Tīmōrūmenos.Ph.Phormiō.Ta.Tacitus.See2744.Annālēs.A.orAgr.Agricola.D.Dialogus.G.Germānia.H.Historiae.Tib.Tibullus.V.Vergil.See2744.Aenēis.E.Eclogae.G.Geōrgica.