TABLE OF CONTENTS.THE REFERENCES ARE TO SECTIONS.Parts of Latin Grammar,1.PART FIRST: WORDS,2-1022.Parts of Speech,2-15.(A.) SOUND,16-179.Alphabet,16-30.Sources of our Pronunciation,31.Vowels,32-46.Long and Short,33-36. Pronunciation,37-42. Classification,43-46.Diphthongs,47-50.Nature and Kinds,47,48. Pronunciation,49,50.Consonants,51-81.Pronunciation,51-72. Classification,73-81.Syllabic and Unsyllabic Function,82,83.Accent,84-98.Nature,84. Marks of Accent,85. The Classical Accent,86-88. Earlier Recessive Accent,89-91. Proclitics and Enclitics,92-94.Change of Sound,95-174.Vowel Change: Of Diphthongs,95-101;108. Of Simple Vowels,102-107. Loss,110-113. Hiatus,114-116. Synizesis,117. Contraction,118. Elision,119. Combination into Diphthongs,120. Lengthening,121-123. Shortening,124-132. Transfer of Quantity,133. Variation,134. Quantitative Vowel Gradation,135. Qualitative Vowel Changes,136-143. Assimilation,144. Qualitative Vowel Gradation,145.Consonant Change: Disappearance or Change of Single Consonants,146-161. Change in Consonant Groups,162-179. Assimilation,163-166. Consonantal Glides,167. Disappearance,168-171. Development of Anaptyctical Vowel,172. Dissimilation,173. Changes within Compounds,174.Syllables,175-179.Defined,175,176. Length of Syllables,177,178. Loss,179.(B.) FORMATION,180-396.Definitions,180-198.Roots,183-189. Present Stems as Roots,190-194. Stems,195-197. Primitives and Denominatives,198.Formation of the Noun,199-364.Without a Formative Suffix,199. Formative Suffixes,200-203.Formation of the Substantive: Primitives,204-245. Denominatives,246-279.Formation of the Adjective: Primitives,280-297. Denominatives,298-341. Comparison,342-364.Formation of Denominative Verbs,365-375.Composition,376-396.Of Nouns,379-390. Of Verbs,391-396.(C.) INFLECTION,397-1022.Definition,397.(A.)INFLECTION OF THE NOUN,398-712.General Principles,398-431.Case Endings,398. The Stem,399-401. Gender,402-413. Number,414-418. Case,419-431.The Substantive,432-607.Stems in-ā-(The First Declension),432-445. Stems in-o-(The Second Declension),446-466. Consonant Stems (The Third Declension),467-512. Stems in-i-(The Third Declension),513-569. Gender of Consonant Stems and-i-Stems,570-584. Stems in-u-(The Fourth Declension),585-595. Stems in-ē-(The Fifth Declension),596-607.The Adjective,608-643.Stems in-o-and-ā-,613-620. Consonant Stems,621-626. Stems in-i-,627-636. Numeral Adjectives,637-643.The Pronoun,644-695.Personal and Reflexive,644-651. Personal and Reflexive Possessive,652-655. Other Pronouns,656-659. Demonstrative,660-670. Determinative,671-675. Pronoun of Identity,676-678. Intensive,679-680. Relative, Interrogative, and Indefinite,681-694. Correlative Pronouns,695.The Adverb, Conjunction, and Preposition,696-712.Nouns as Adverbs,696-698. Accusative,699-702. Ablative,703-707. Locative,708-709. Other Endings,710. Correlative Adverbs,711. Sentences as Adverbs,712.(B.)INFLECTION OF THE VERB,713-1022.General Principles,713-742.The Stem,714-720. The Person Ending,721-731. Nouns of the Verb,732. Principal Parts,733-735. Designation of the Verb,736-737. Theme,738-740. Classes of Verbs,741-742.Primitive Verbs,743-791.Root Verbs,743-744. Inflection ofsum,745-750.possum,751-753.dō,754-757.bibō,serō,sistō,758.inquam,759-761.eō,762-767.queōandnequeō,768.edō,769-771.volō,nōlō,mālō,772-779.ferō,780-781. Verbs in-ere(The Third Conjugation),regō,782-783. Verbs in-iō,-ere,784-791.capiō,784-785.āiō,786-787.fiō,788-790. Others in-iō,-ere,791.Denominative Verbs,792-797.Verbs in-āre(The First Conjugation),laudō,792-793. Verbs in-ēre(The Second Conjugation),moneō,794-795. Verbs in-īre(The Fourth Conjugation),audiō,796-797.Deponent Verbs,798-801.Periphrastic Forms,802-804.Defective Verbs,805-817.Redundant Verbs,818-823.Formation of Stems,824-919.Variable Vowel,824-827.The Present System: Present Indicative Stem,828-840. Present Subjunctive,841-843. Imperative,844-846. Imperfect Indicative,847-848. Imperfect Subjunctive,849-850. Future,851-853.The Perfect System: Perfect Indicative Stem,854-875. Perfect Subjunctive,876-878. Perfect Imperative,879. Pluperfect Indicative,880. Pluperfect Subjunctive,881. Future Perfect,882-884. Short or Old forms of the Perfect System,885-893.Nouns of the Verb: The Infinitive,894-898. Gerundive and Gerund,899. Supine,900. Present Participle,901-903. Future Participle,904-905. Perfect Participle,906-919.List of Verbs arranged according to the Principal Parts,920-1022.PART SECOND: SENTENCES,1023-2299.Definitions,1023-1061.The Simple Sentence,1023-1025. The Subject,1026-1034. The Predicate,1035-1036. Enlargements of the Subject,1038-1047. Enlargements of the Predicate,1048-1054. Combination of Sentences,1055. The Compound Sentence,1056-1057. The Complex Sentence,1058-1061.Agreement,1062-1098.Of the Verb,1062-1076. Of the Substantive,1077-1081. Of the Adjective,1082-1098.THE SIMPLE SENTENCE,1099-1635.(A.)USE OF THE NOUN,1099-1468.Number and Gender,1099-1110.Case,1111-1437.Nominative,1113-1123. Nominative of Title,1114-1116. Of Exclamation,1117. Vocative Nominative and Vocative Proper,1118-1123.Accusative,1124-1174. Of the Object,1132-1139. Emphasizing or Defining,1140-1146. Of the Part Concerned,1147. Of the Thing PutOn,1148. Of Exclamation,1149-1150. Of Space and Time,1151-1156. Of the Aim of Motion,1157-1166. Two Accusatives Combined,1167-1174.Dative,1175-1225.I. The Complementary Dative: (1.) The Essential Complement: With Verbs,1180-1199. With Adjectives,1200-1204. (2.) The Optional Complement: Of the person or thing interested,1205-1210. The Emotional Dative,1211. The Dative of the Possessor,1212-1216. Of Relation,1217-1218.II. The Predicative Dative: Of Tendency or Result,1219-1222. Of Purpose or Intention,1223-1225.Genitive,1226-1295.I. With Substantives: In General,1227-1231. Of the Subject, Cause, Origin, or Owner,1232-1238. Of Quality,1239-1240. Partitive,1241-1254. Of Definition,1255-1259. Objective,1260-1262.II. With Adjectives,1263-1270.III. With Verbs: Of Valuing,1271-1275. With rēfert and interest,1276-1279. With Judicial Verbs,1280-1282. With Impersonals of Mental Distress,1283-1286. With Verbs of Memory,1287-1291. Of Participation and Mastery,1292. Of Fulness and Want,1293-1294.IV. The Genitive of Exclamation,1295.Ablative,1296-1400.I. The Ablative Proper: Of Separation and Want, and of Departure,1302-1311. Of Source, Stuff, or Material,1312-1315. Of Cause, Influence, or Motive,1316-1319. Of Comparison,1320-1330.II. The Locative Ablative: The Locative Proper,1331-1341. The Ablative used as Locative: Of Place in, on, or at which,1342-1349. Of Time at which or within which,1350-1355.III. The Instrumental Ablative: (1.) The Ablative of Attendance: Of Accompaniment,1356-1357. Of Manner,1358-1361. Ablative Absolute,1362-1374. Ablative of Quality,1375. Of the Route Taken,1376. (2.) The Instrumental Proper: Of Instrument or Means,1377-1384. Of Specification,1385. Of Fulness,1386-1387. Of Measure, Exchange, and Price,1388-1392. Of the Amount of Difference,1393-1399. Two or more Ablatives Combined,1400.Use of Cases with Prepositions,1401-1437.In General,1401-1409. With the Accusative,1410-1416. With the Ablative,1417-1421. With the Accusative or the Ablative,1422-1425. Combination of Substantives by a Preposition,1426-1428. Repetition or Omission of a Preposition,1429-1430. Two Prepositions with one Substantive,1431-1432. Position of Prepositions,1433-1437.Use of Adverbs,1438-1453.Use of Degrees of Comparison,1454-1468.(B.)USE OF THE VERB,1469-1635.Voice,1469-1492.Active,1469-1471. Passive,1472-1485. Deponents,1486-1492.Mood,1493-1586.The Indicative,1493-1533. In Declarations,1493-1498. In Questions,1499-1533. Yes or No Questions,1502-1510. Positive and Negative Answers,1511-1514. Alternative Questions,1515-1525. Pronoun Questions,1526-1530. Some Applications of Questions,1531-1533.The Infinitive of Intimation,1534-1539.The Subjunctive,1540-1570. The Subjunctive in Declarations:I. Of Desire: Of Wish,1540-1546. Of Exhortation, Direction, Statement of Propriety,1547-1552. Of Willingness, Assumption, Concession,1553.II. Of Action Conceivable,1554-1562. The Subjunctive in Questions,1563-1570.The Imperative,1571-1586. Of Command,1571-1580. Of Prohibition,1581-1586.Tense,1587-1635.Of the Indicative,1587-1633. Present,1587-1593. Imperfect,1594-1601. Perfect,1602-1613. Pluperfect,1614-1618. Future,1619-1625. Future Perfect,1626-1632. The Future Active Participle with sum,1633.Of the Subjunctive,1634-1635.THE COMPOUND SENTENCE, OR COORDINATION,1636-1713.Without a Connective,1637-1642.With a Connective,1643-1692.Conjunctions,1643. Copulative,1644-1666. Disjunctive,1667-1675. Adversative,1676-1686. Other Words as Connectives,1687-1692.
THE REFERENCES ARE TO SECTIONS.
Parts of Latin Grammar,1.
PART FIRST: WORDS,2-1022.
Parts of Speech,2-15.
(A.) SOUND,16-179.
Alphabet,16-30.
Sources of our Pronunciation,31.
Vowels,32-46.
Long and Short,33-36. Pronunciation,37-42. Classification,43-46.
Diphthongs,47-50.
Nature and Kinds,47,48. Pronunciation,49,50.
Consonants,51-81.
Pronunciation,51-72. Classification,73-81.
Syllabic and Unsyllabic Function,82,83.
Accent,84-98.
Nature,84. Marks of Accent,85. The Classical Accent,86-88. Earlier Recessive Accent,89-91. Proclitics and Enclitics,92-94.
Change of Sound,95-174.
Vowel Change: Of Diphthongs,95-101;108. Of Simple Vowels,102-107. Loss,110-113. Hiatus,114-116. Synizesis,117. Contraction,118. Elision,119. Combination into Diphthongs,120. Lengthening,121-123. Shortening,124-132. Transfer of Quantity,133. Variation,134. Quantitative Vowel Gradation,135. Qualitative Vowel Changes,136-143. Assimilation,144. Qualitative Vowel Gradation,145.
Consonant Change: Disappearance or Change of Single Consonants,146-161. Change in Consonant Groups,162-179. Assimilation,163-166. Consonantal Glides,167. Disappearance,168-171. Development of Anaptyctical Vowel,172. Dissimilation,173. Changes within Compounds,174.
Syllables,175-179.
Defined,175,176. Length of Syllables,177,178. Loss,179.
(B.) FORMATION,180-396.
Definitions,180-198.
Roots,183-189. Present Stems as Roots,190-194. Stems,195-197. Primitives and Denominatives,198.
Formation of the Noun,199-364.
Without a Formative Suffix,199. Formative Suffixes,200-203.Formation of the Substantive: Primitives,204-245. Denominatives,246-279.Formation of the Adjective: Primitives,280-297. Denominatives,298-341. Comparison,342-364.
Formation of Denominative Verbs,365-375.
Composition,376-396.
Of Nouns,379-390. Of Verbs,391-396.
(C.) INFLECTION,397-1022.
Definition,397.
(A.)INFLECTION OF THE NOUN,398-712.
General Principles,398-431.
Case Endings,398. The Stem,399-401. Gender,402-413. Number,414-418. Case,419-431.
The Substantive,432-607.
Stems in-ā-(The First Declension),432-445. Stems in-o-(The Second Declension),446-466. Consonant Stems (The Third Declension),467-512. Stems in-i-(The Third Declension),513-569. Gender of Consonant Stems and-i-Stems,570-584. Stems in-u-(The Fourth Declension),585-595. Stems in-ē-(The Fifth Declension),596-607.
The Adjective,608-643.
Stems in-o-and-ā-,613-620. Consonant Stems,621-626. Stems in-i-,627-636. Numeral Adjectives,637-643.
The Pronoun,644-695.
Personal and Reflexive,644-651. Personal and Reflexive Possessive,652-655. Other Pronouns,656-659. Demonstrative,660-670. Determinative,671-675. Pronoun of Identity,676-678. Intensive,679-680. Relative, Interrogative, and Indefinite,681-694. Correlative Pronouns,695.
The Adverb, Conjunction, and Preposition,696-712.
Nouns as Adverbs,696-698. Accusative,699-702. Ablative,703-707. Locative,708-709. Other Endings,710. Correlative Adverbs,711. Sentences as Adverbs,712.
(B.)INFLECTION OF THE VERB,713-1022.
General Principles,713-742.
The Stem,714-720. The Person Ending,721-731. Nouns of the Verb,732. Principal Parts,733-735. Designation of the Verb,736-737. Theme,738-740. Classes of Verbs,741-742.
Primitive Verbs,743-791.
Root Verbs,743-744. Inflection ofsum,745-750.possum,751-753.dō,754-757.bibō,serō,sistō,758.inquam,759-761.eō,762-767.queōandnequeō,768.edō,769-771.volō,nōlō,mālō,772-779.ferō,780-781. Verbs in-ere(The Third Conjugation),regō,782-783. Verbs in-iō,-ere,784-791.capiō,784-785.āiō,786-787.fiō,788-790. Others in-iō,-ere,791.
Denominative Verbs,792-797.
Verbs in-āre(The First Conjugation),laudō,792-793. Verbs in-ēre(The Second Conjugation),moneō,794-795. Verbs in-īre(The Fourth Conjugation),audiō,796-797.
Deponent Verbs,798-801.
Periphrastic Forms,802-804.
Defective Verbs,805-817.
Redundant Verbs,818-823.
Formation of Stems,824-919.
Variable Vowel,824-827.The Present System: Present Indicative Stem,828-840. Present Subjunctive,841-843. Imperative,844-846. Imperfect Indicative,847-848. Imperfect Subjunctive,849-850. Future,851-853.The Perfect System: Perfect Indicative Stem,854-875. Perfect Subjunctive,876-878. Perfect Imperative,879. Pluperfect Indicative,880. Pluperfect Subjunctive,881. Future Perfect,882-884. Short or Old forms of the Perfect System,885-893.Nouns of the Verb: The Infinitive,894-898. Gerundive and Gerund,899. Supine,900. Present Participle,901-903. Future Participle,904-905. Perfect Participle,906-919.
List of Verbs arranged according to the Principal Parts,920-1022.
PART SECOND: SENTENCES,1023-2299.
Definitions,1023-1061.
The Simple Sentence,1023-1025. The Subject,1026-1034. The Predicate,1035-1036. Enlargements of the Subject,1038-1047. Enlargements of the Predicate,1048-1054. Combination of Sentences,1055. The Compound Sentence,1056-1057. The Complex Sentence,1058-1061.
Agreement,1062-1098.
Of the Verb,1062-1076. Of the Substantive,1077-1081. Of the Adjective,1082-1098.
THE SIMPLE SENTENCE,1099-1635.
(A.)USE OF THE NOUN,1099-1468.
Number and Gender,1099-1110.
Case,1111-1437.
Nominative,1113-1123. Nominative of Title,1114-1116. Of Exclamation,1117. Vocative Nominative and Vocative Proper,1118-1123.
Accusative,1124-1174. Of the Object,1132-1139. Emphasizing or Defining,1140-1146. Of the Part Concerned,1147. Of the Thing PutOn,1148. Of Exclamation,1149-1150. Of Space and Time,1151-1156. Of the Aim of Motion,1157-1166. Two Accusatives Combined,1167-1174.
Dative,1175-1225.I. The Complementary Dative: (1.) The Essential Complement: With Verbs,1180-1199. With Adjectives,1200-1204. (2.) The Optional Complement: Of the person or thing interested,1205-1210. The Emotional Dative,1211. The Dative of the Possessor,1212-1216. Of Relation,1217-1218.II. The Predicative Dative: Of Tendency or Result,1219-1222. Of Purpose or Intention,1223-1225.
Genitive,1226-1295.I. With Substantives: In General,1227-1231. Of the Subject, Cause, Origin, or Owner,1232-1238. Of Quality,1239-1240. Partitive,1241-1254. Of Definition,1255-1259. Objective,1260-1262.II. With Adjectives,1263-1270.III. With Verbs: Of Valuing,1271-1275. With rēfert and interest,1276-1279. With Judicial Verbs,1280-1282. With Impersonals of Mental Distress,1283-1286. With Verbs of Memory,1287-1291. Of Participation and Mastery,1292. Of Fulness and Want,1293-1294.IV. The Genitive of Exclamation,1295.
Ablative,1296-1400.I. The Ablative Proper: Of Separation and Want, and of Departure,1302-1311. Of Source, Stuff, or Material,1312-1315. Of Cause, Influence, or Motive,1316-1319. Of Comparison,1320-1330.II. The Locative Ablative: The Locative Proper,1331-1341. The Ablative used as Locative: Of Place in, on, or at which,1342-1349. Of Time at which or within which,1350-1355.III. The Instrumental Ablative: (1.) The Ablative of Attendance: Of Accompaniment,1356-1357. Of Manner,1358-1361. Ablative Absolute,1362-1374. Ablative of Quality,1375. Of the Route Taken,1376. (2.) The Instrumental Proper: Of Instrument or Means,1377-1384. Of Specification,1385. Of Fulness,1386-1387. Of Measure, Exchange, and Price,1388-1392. Of the Amount of Difference,1393-1399. Two or more Ablatives Combined,1400.
Use of Cases with Prepositions,1401-1437.
In General,1401-1409. With the Accusative,1410-1416. With the Ablative,1417-1421. With the Accusative or the Ablative,1422-1425. Combination of Substantives by a Preposition,1426-1428. Repetition or Omission of a Preposition,1429-1430. Two Prepositions with one Substantive,1431-1432. Position of Prepositions,1433-1437.
Use of Adverbs,1438-1453.
Use of Degrees of Comparison,1454-1468.
(B.)USE OF THE VERB,1469-1635.
Voice,1469-1492.
Active,1469-1471. Passive,1472-1485. Deponents,1486-1492.
Mood,1493-1586.
The Indicative,1493-1533. In Declarations,1493-1498. In Questions,1499-1533. Yes or No Questions,1502-1510. Positive and Negative Answers,1511-1514. Alternative Questions,1515-1525. Pronoun Questions,1526-1530. Some Applications of Questions,1531-1533.
The Infinitive of Intimation,1534-1539.
The Subjunctive,1540-1570. The Subjunctive in Declarations:I. Of Desire: Of Wish,1540-1546. Of Exhortation, Direction, Statement of Propriety,1547-1552. Of Willingness, Assumption, Concession,1553.II. Of Action Conceivable,1554-1562. The Subjunctive in Questions,1563-1570.
The Imperative,1571-1586. Of Command,1571-1580. Of Prohibition,1581-1586.
Tense,1587-1635.
Of the Indicative,1587-1633. Present,1587-1593. Imperfect,1594-1601. Perfect,1602-1613. Pluperfect,1614-1618. Future,1619-1625. Future Perfect,1626-1632. The Future Active Participle with sum,1633.
Of the Subjunctive,1634-1635.
THE COMPOUND SENTENCE, OR COORDINATION,1636-1713.
Without a Connective,1637-1642.
With a Connective,1643-1692.
Conjunctions,1643. Copulative,1644-1666. Disjunctive,1667-1675. Adversative,1676-1686. Other Words as Connectives,1687-1692.