Triton variegatus.T. nodiferus.T. Australis.T. lampas.T. scrobiculator.T. Spengleri.T. corrugatus.T. succinctus.T. pilearis.T. lotorium.T. femoralis.T. subdistortus.T. cancellatus.T. maculosus.T. clandestinus.T. pyrum.T. cynocephalum.T. tripus.T. canaliferus.T. retusus.T. clavator.T. tuberosus.T. vespaceus.T. chlorostomus.T. anus.T. clathratus.T. rubecula.T. cutaceus.T. dolarius.T. Tranquebaricus.T. undosus.
Triton variegatus.T. nodiferus.T. Australis.T. lampas.T. scrobiculator.T. Spengleri.T. corrugatus.T. succinctus.T. pilearis.T. lotorium.T. femoralis.T. subdistortus.T. cancellatus.T. maculosus.T. clandestinus.T. pyrum.T. cynocephalum.T. tripus.T. canaliferus.T. retusus.T. clavator.T. tuberosus.T. vespaceus.T. chlorostomus.T. anus.T. clathratus.T. rubecula.T. cutaceus.T. dolarius.T. Tranquebaricus.T. undosus.
Triton variegatus.T. nodiferus.T. Australis.T. lampas.T. scrobiculator.T. Spengleri.T. corrugatus.T. succinctus.T. pilearis.T. lotorium.T. femoralis.T. subdistortus.T. cancellatus.T. maculosus.T. clandestinus.T. pyrum.T. cynocephalum.T. tripus.T. canaliferus.T. retusus.T. clavator.T. tuberosus.T. vespaceus.T. chlorostomus.T. anus.T. clathratus.T. rubecula.T. cutaceus.T. dolarius.T. Tranquebaricus.T. undosus.
Triton variegatus.
T. nodiferus.
T. Australis.
T. lampas.
T. scrobiculator.
T. Spengleri.
T. corrugatus.
T. succinctus.
T. pilearis.
T. lotorium.
T. femoralis.
T. subdistortus.
T. cancellatus.
T. maculosus.
T. clandestinus.
T. pyrum.
T. cynocephalum.
T. tripus.
T. canaliferus.
T. retusus.
T. clavator.
T. tuberosus.
T. vespaceus.
T. chlorostomus.
T. anus.
T. clathratus.
T. rubecula.
T. cutaceus.
T. dolarius.
T. Tranquebaricus.
T. undosus.
T. variegatus.The trumpet Triton. Pl.26, fig. 5.
The smoothest species, oblong, ventricose, tubiform; aperture dilated; suture of the spire crenulated; pillar lip grooved obliquely; colour pale purple, clouded and spotted with brown.
T. cutaceus.The rough-skin Triton.
Species with spire rather short, always very tuberculated, often umbilicated; a sinus at the posterior junction of the two edges.
T. anus.The grinning Triton.
Species similar to the T. cutaceus, but having the aperture surrounded by a thin dilated membrane and irregular teeth.
FAMILY XVII.Alata.Three genera.
Lamarck formed this genus from the Strombus of Linnæus on account of having a sinus in the lower part of the right margin contiguous to the canal. The beak is generally curved, and short in comparison to the length of the spire, but sometimes it is straight, and equal in length to the other part of the shell.
The R. rectirostris is one of the most rare shells known.
Shell sub-depressed, turreted, with spire produced and pointed; aperture oval by the excavation of the columellar edge; the right margin dilating by age, and having a sinus contiguous to the pointed canal which terminates the shell.
Rostellaria curvirostris.R. rectirostris.R. pes-Pelicani.
Rostellaria curvirostris.R. rectirostris.R. pes-Pelicani.
Rostellaria curvirostris.R. rectirostris.R. pes-Pelicani.
Rostellaria curvirostris.
R. rectirostris.
R. pes-Pelicani.
R. curvirostris.The curved beak Rostellaria. Pl.27, fig. 2.
Species with the right edge digitated.
R. pes-Pelicani.The Pelican’s foot Rostellaria.
Species turreted, with four digitations on the right edge; body and volutions ribbed longitudinally and crowned with papillæ; flesh-coloured or white.
Formed from the Strombus, being distinct from it by not having the canal at the base shortened or truncated. It greatly resembles the Rostellaria, but the sinus of the right margin is distant from the body. From its digitation or long recurved claws it has often been called the Spider Shell.
Shell oblong-ovate, ventricose, canal elongated, attenuated, and often closed; right margin dilating by age into an expanded, digitated wing, attached to and covering a shortspire, with a sinus in the lower part not contiguous to the body.
Pteroceras truncata.P. lambis.P. millepeda.P. pseudoscorpio.P. scorpio.P. aurantia.P. chiragra.
Pteroceras truncata.P. lambis.P. millepeda.P. pseudoscorpio.P. scorpio.P. aurantia.P. chiragra.
Pteroceras truncata.P. lambis.P. millepeda.P. pseudoscorpio.P. scorpio.P. aurantia.P. chiragra.
Pteroceras truncata.
P. lambis.
P. millepeda.
P. pseudoscorpio.
P. scorpio.
P. aurantia.
P. chiragra.
P. chiragra.The Devil’s Claw. Pl.28, fig. 3.
Tuberculated, with six digitated, canaliculated rays, closed in the adult shell; outer lip internally striated.
P. scorpio.The Scorpion Pteroceras.
Species with digitations on the external edge, varying in number from six to ten.
As now defined and characterized by Lamarck, is easily distinguished by not having the winged aperture on the right side dentated or digitated, and the sinus therein always separated from the canal.
In some species the exterior is variously striated, smooth, wrinkled longitudinally, or tuberculated; the interior presents vivid and beautiful colours.
These shells frequently attain a large size and great solidity.
Shell thick, sub-involute, diconic, or ventricose, terminated like a cone before and behind; aperture very long, narrow, terminated anteriorly by a canal more or less elongated, recurved; the edges parallel; the external dilating with age, offering behind a gutter at its attachment to the spire, and before a sinus more posterior than the canal, through which passes the head of the animal; operculum horny, long, and narrow, with elements as if imbricated; the summit terminal.
Strombus gigas.S. accipitrinus.S. latissimus.S. tricornis.S. Canarium.S. Isabella.S. vittatus.S. epidromis.S. gallus.S. bituberculatus.S. cristatus.S. dilatatus.S. bubonius.S. lentiginosus.S. auris-Dianæ.S. pugilis.S. pyrulatus.S. gibberulus.S. Luhuanus.S. Mauritianus.S. colomba.S. succinctus.S. troglodytes.S. tridentatus.S. urceus.S. plicatus.S. Floridus.S. papilio.S. lineatus.S. marginatus.S. turritus.S. cancellatus.
Strombus gigas.S. accipitrinus.S. latissimus.S. tricornis.S. Canarium.S. Isabella.S. vittatus.S. epidromis.S. gallus.S. bituberculatus.S. cristatus.S. dilatatus.S. bubonius.S. lentiginosus.S. auris-Dianæ.S. pugilis.S. pyrulatus.S. gibberulus.S. Luhuanus.S. Mauritianus.S. colomba.S. succinctus.S. troglodytes.S. tridentatus.S. urceus.S. plicatus.S. Floridus.S. papilio.S. lineatus.S. marginatus.S. turritus.S. cancellatus.
Strombus gigas.S. accipitrinus.S. latissimus.S. tricornis.S. Canarium.S. Isabella.S. vittatus.S. epidromis.S. gallus.S. bituberculatus.S. cristatus.S. dilatatus.S. bubonius.S. lentiginosus.S. auris-Dianæ.S. pugilis.S. pyrulatus.S. gibberulus.S. Luhuanus.S. Mauritianus.S. colomba.S. succinctus.S. troglodytes.S. tridentatus.S. urceus.S. plicatus.S. Floridus.S. papilio.S. lineatus.S. marginatus.S. turritus.S. cancellatus.
Strombus gigas.
S. accipitrinus.
S. latissimus.
S. tricornis.
S. Canarium.
S. Isabella.
S. vittatus.
S. epidromis.
S. gallus.
S. bituberculatus.
S. cristatus.
S. dilatatus.
S. bubonius.
S. lentiginosus.
S. auris-Dianæ.
S. pugilis.
S. pyrulatus.
S. gibberulus.
S. Luhuanus.
S. Mauritianus.
S. colomba.
S. succinctus.
S. troglodytes.
S. tridentatus.
S. urceus.
S. plicatus.
S. Floridus.
S. papilio.
S. lineatus.
S. marginatus.
S. turritus.
S. cancellatus.
S. polyfasciatus.The many-banded Strombus. Pl.28, fig. 2.
Species distinguished by its bands, and by having the margin of the outer lip thickened.
S. auris-Dianæ.Diana’s Ear Strombus.
Oblong-ovate; spire acute, tuberculated, and transversely striated; base recurved, outer lip thick, anterior lobe with a finger-like termination.
S. pugilis.The fighting, or thick-spined Strombus.
Anterior lip prominent, rounded, smooth; spire crowned with spines, the outermost whorl cancellate; columella much reflected; beak three-lobed, obtuse, flesh-coloured, and polished within.
Marine shell, sometimes confounded with the Cassis, but distinguished by the canal which terminates the aperture being ascendant, very little arched, and not suddenly recurved.
Shell sub-globular, ventricose, tuberculated, or fluted; spire short and pointed; aperture long, oval, sub-canaliculated anteriorly; the right edge effuse and folded back; thecolumella covered over with a broad, smooth callosity, uniting behind to the right edge; operculum horny.
Cassidaria echinophora.C. Tyrrhena.C. cingulata.C. striata.C. oniscus.
Cassidaria echinophora.C. Tyrrhena.C. cingulata.C. striata.C. oniscus.
Cassidaria echinophora.C. Tyrrhena.C. cingulata.C. striata.C. oniscus.
Cassidaria echinophora.
C. Tyrrhena.
C. cingulata.
C. striata.
C. oniscus.
C. echinophora.The tuberculated Cassidaria. Pl.27, fig. 5.
Species oval, sub-globular, canal sub-ascendant, with tuberculated belts or ribs.
C. Tyrrhena.The Tyrrhenian Cassidaria.
Species ovate, grooved transversely, volutions convex; apex with one tubercle; tawny colour.
This genus was formed from the Buccinum, from which it is easily distinguished; the latter having only a notch at the base, and the Cassis with a canal abruptly turned towards the back of the shell.
Shell inflated oval, sub-involute, spire very little projecting; aperture long, oval, sometimes very narrow, terminated anteriorly by a very short canal, sloped and recurved obliquely towards the back; the right edge more or less concave, reflected backward, and often dentated within; the columella covered with a large callosity, denticulated or wrinkled in all its length; operculum horny.
Cassis cornuta.C. tuberosa.C. Madagascariensis.C. flammea.C. fascinata.C. glauca.C. rufa.C. pennata.C. testiculus.C. achatina.C. crumena.C. plicaria.C. areola.C. zebra.C. decussata.C. abbreviata.C. sulcosa.C. granulosa.C. saburon.C. canaliculata.C. pyrum.C. Ceylanica.C. semigranosa.C. vibex.C. erinaceus.
Cassis cornuta.C. tuberosa.C. Madagascariensis.C. flammea.C. fascinata.C. glauca.C. rufa.C. pennata.C. testiculus.C. achatina.C. crumena.C. plicaria.C. areola.C. zebra.C. decussata.C. abbreviata.C. sulcosa.C. granulosa.C. saburon.C. canaliculata.C. pyrum.C. Ceylanica.C. semigranosa.C. vibex.C. erinaceus.
Cassis cornuta.C. tuberosa.C. Madagascariensis.C. flammea.C. fascinata.C. glauca.C. rufa.C. pennata.C. testiculus.C. achatina.C. crumena.C. plicaria.C. areola.C. zebra.C. decussata.C. abbreviata.C. sulcosa.C. granulosa.C. saburon.C. canaliculata.C. pyrum.C. Ceylanica.C. semigranosa.C. vibex.C. erinaceus.
Cassis cornuta.
C. tuberosa.
C. Madagascariensis.
C. flammea.
C. fascinata.
C. glauca.
C. rufa.
C. pennata.
C. testiculus.
C. achatina.
C. crumena.
C. plicaria.
C. areola.
C. zebra.
C. decussata.
C. abbreviata.
C. sulcosa.
C. granulosa.
C. saburon.
C. canaliculata.
C. pyrum.
C. Ceylanica.
C. semigranosa.
C. vibex.
C. erinaceus.
C. tuberosa.The tuberous Cassis. Pl.28, fig. 5.
Species in which the aperture is long, the external edge almost straight, and the spire with thickened bands.
C. flammea.The flaming Cassis.
Species in which the aperture is sub-oval, and the external edge excavated; spire short, base triangular; columella rugose; outer lip thickened.
C. areola.The draught-board Cassis.
Smooth, shiny, white, with square orange tesselated spots; spire short and conical, with decussated striæ; lower part of columella rugose.
Shell oval or sub-globular, thick, armed with points or tubercles, with a depressed spire; aperture narrow, elongated, notched, sometimes canaliculated anteriorly, and digitated externally; the left edge more or less callous, sometimes denticulated; operculum horny, oval, transverse, with elements slightly imbricated.
Ricinula horrida.R. clathrata.R. arachnoidea.R. miticula.R. digitata.R. pisolina.R. aspera.R. morus.R. mutica.
Ricinula horrida.R. clathrata.R. arachnoidea.R. miticula.R. digitata.R. pisolina.R. aspera.R. morus.R. mutica.
Ricinula horrida.R. clathrata.R. arachnoidea.R. miticula.R. digitata.R. pisolina.R. aspera.R. morus.R. mutica.
Ricinula horrida.
R. clathrata.
R. arachnoidea.
R. miticula.
R. digitata.
R. pisolina.
R. aspera.
R. morus.
R. mutica.
R. horrida.The horrid Ricinula. Pl.26, fig. 2.
Species without a canal; exterior covered with strong, obtuse black tubercles, with the interstices white, striated transversely; interior rich purple colour; outer lip with five triangular grooved radii, between which at their base the margin is crenulated.
R. digitata.The digitated Ricinula.
Species canaliculated; two long palmated digits at the side of the aperture.
This genus has its name from the purple liquid produced by the animal, from which the ancients extracted the Tyrian purple dye. This is the last genus that presents the appearance of a canal at the base of the aperture, and therefore rightly precedes the remaining genera of this family, all of which are without a canal.
Shell oval, thick, generally tuberculated; spire short; the last whorl much greater than all the others united; aperture oval, greatly dilated, terminated anteriorly by a canal short, oblique, and notched at the extremity; the columellar edge almost straight, covered with a callosity pointed anteriorly; operculum horny, flat, almost semicircular, with transverse striæ slightly marked; the summit behind.
Purpura Persica.P. Rudolphi.P. patula.P. collumellaris.P. succincta.P. consul.P. armigera.P. bitubercularis.P. hippocastanum.P. undata.P. hæmastoma.P. manicella.P. bufo.P. callosa.P. neritoides.P. planospira.P. callifera.P. coronata.P. sacellum.P. squamosa.P. rugosa.P. textilosa.P. sertum.P. Francolinus.P. limbosa.P. ligata.P. cruentata.P. lapillus.P. imbricata.P. lagenaria.P. cateracta.P. bicostalis.P. plicata.P. fiscella.P. thiarella.P. rustica.P. carinifera.P. scalariformis.P. hystrix.P. deltoidea.P. unifascialis.P. retusa.P. trochlea.P. semi-imbricata.P. echinulata.P. clavus.P. fasciolaris.P. vexillum.P. bizonalis.P. nucleus.
Purpura Persica.P. Rudolphi.P. patula.P. collumellaris.P. succincta.P. consul.P. armigera.P. bitubercularis.P. hippocastanum.P. undata.P. hæmastoma.P. manicella.P. bufo.P. callosa.P. neritoides.P. planospira.P. callifera.P. coronata.P. sacellum.P. squamosa.P. rugosa.P. textilosa.P. sertum.P. Francolinus.P. limbosa.P. ligata.P. cruentata.P. lapillus.P. imbricata.P. lagenaria.P. cateracta.P. bicostalis.P. plicata.P. fiscella.P. thiarella.P. rustica.P. carinifera.P. scalariformis.P. hystrix.P. deltoidea.P. unifascialis.P. retusa.P. trochlea.P. semi-imbricata.P. echinulata.P. clavus.P. fasciolaris.P. vexillum.P. bizonalis.P. nucleus.
Purpura Persica.P. Rudolphi.P. patula.P. collumellaris.P. succincta.P. consul.P. armigera.P. bitubercularis.P. hippocastanum.P. undata.P. hæmastoma.P. manicella.P. bufo.P. callosa.P. neritoides.P. planospira.P. callifera.P. coronata.P. sacellum.P. squamosa.P. rugosa.P. textilosa.P. sertum.P. Francolinus.P. limbosa.P. ligata.P. cruentata.P. lapillus.P. imbricata.P. lagenaria.P. cateracta.P. bicostalis.P. plicata.P. fiscella.P. thiarella.P. rustica.P. carinifera.P. scalariformis.P. hystrix.P. deltoidea.P. unifascialis.P. retusa.P. trochlea.P. semi-imbricata.P. echinulata.P. clavus.P. fasciolaris.P. vexillum.P. bizonalis.P. nucleus.
Purpura Persica.
P. Rudolphi.
P. patula.
P. collumellaris.
P. succincta.
P. consul.
P. armigera.
P. bitubercularis.
P. hippocastanum.
P. undata.
P. hæmastoma.
P. manicella.
P. bufo.
P. callosa.
P. neritoides.
P. planospira.
P. callifera.
P. coronata.
P. sacellum.
P. squamosa.
P. rugosa.
P. textilosa.
P. sertum.
P. Francolinus.
P. limbosa.
P. ligata.
P. cruentata.
P. lapillus.
P. imbricata.
P. lagenaria.
P. cateracta.
P. bicostalis.
P. plicata.
P. fiscella.
P. thiarella.
P. rustica.
P. carinifera.
P. scalariformis.
P. hystrix.
P. deltoidea.
P. unifascialis.
P. retusa.
P. trochlea.
P. semi-imbricata.
P. echinulata.
P. clavus.
P. fasciolaris.
P. vexillum.
P. bizonalis.
P. nucleus.
P. Persica.The Persian Purpura. Pl.28, fig. 4.
Transversely sulcated and striated between the ridges; colour burnt-umber, ridges yellowish, with dark brown spots; upper ridge and the superior edges of the volutions mucronate; interior sulcated and striated.
P. lapillus.The common Purpura.
Species small, white, sometimes banded with yellow or brown, with a scaly surface.
Derived its name from the long, conical-pointed, somewhat recurved tooth in the outer lip, by which alone it can well be distinguished from the Purpura; and with this characteristic difference the description of the shell of the Purpura will answer for this genus.
Monoceros cingulatum.M. imbricatum.M. striatum.M. glabratum.M. crassilabrum.
Monoceros cingulatum.M. imbricatum.M. striatum.M. glabratum.M. crassilabrum.
Monoceros cingulatum.M. imbricatum.M. striatum.M. glabratum.M. crassilabrum.
Monoceros cingulatum.
M. imbricatum.
M. striatum.
M. glabratum.
M. crassilabrum.
M. cingulatum.The belted Monoceras.
Cylindrical, columella not smooth, but irregularly plaited or wrinkled, and the tooth does not extend within the interior of the whorls as in the other species, but appears affixed only to the edge of the lip; volutions flattened in their upper edges; transverse spiral brown bands.
Formerly considered a Patella, but distinct from it on account of having an operculum. It is particularly distinguished by having two teeth at the base of the right side.
Shell wide, rough, oval, spire very short, not projecting; aperture very large, oval, effuse, sloped anteriorly; the edges united; the right or external very thick, dentated; the two teeth which limit the slope are a little larger than the others; muscular impression visible, and almost in form of a horseshoe; operculum horny and rudimentary.
C. Peruvianus.The Peruvian Concholepas. Pl.28, fig. 1.
The type of this genus; exterior dark brown, interior white.
This genus of shells is truly beautiful; it was classed by Linnæus with the Buccinum, but Lamarck considered that they were, for their beauty, worthy of forming a genus by themselves.
Shell oval, inflated, rather thin, with longitudinal parallel ribs, formed by the preservation of the thickening of the right margin; the spire very short, pointed, the last whorl much longer than all the others together; aperture large, ovate, widely notched anteriorly; the right edge much excavated and thickened outwardly; the columella smooth, and terminated in a point anteriorly.
Harpa imperialis.H. ventricosa.H. conoidalis.H. nobilis.H. articularis.H. rosea.H. minor.H. striata.
Harpa imperialis.H. ventricosa.H. conoidalis.H. nobilis.H. articularis.H. rosea.H. minor.H. striata.
Harpa imperialis.H. ventricosa.H. conoidalis.H. nobilis.H. articularis.H. rosea.H. minor.H. striata.
Harpa imperialis.
H. ventricosa.
H. conoidalis.
H. nobilis.
H. articularis.
H. rosea.
H. minor.
H. striata.
H. imperialis.The imperial Harp.
Species in which the number of ribs far exceeds that of any other, and occasions it often to be called the many-ridged harp; a small spiral keel round the summit. A rare and valuable species.
H. nobilis.The noble Harp. Pl.29, fig. 2.
A regular species.
H. rosea.The roseate Harp.
Oblong-ovate; flesh coloured, with roseate interrupted bands; ribs remote; columella of a fine rosy hue.
The shells of this genus are generally large, thin, and globose, with a wide aperture, and toothed or crenated outer lip; they have a brittle and light structure, and although some of them grow to a very large size, they retain their characteristic fragility and thinness.
Shell sub-globular, very ventricose, thin, encircled by decurrent flutings; the spire very short; the last turn much larger than all the others together; aperture oblong, very large, by the great excavation of the right edge, which is crenated through all its length; columella twisted; operculum unknown.
Dolium galea.D. olearium.D. maculatum.D. fasciatum.D. pomum.D. variegatum.D. perdix.
Dolium galea.D. olearium.D. maculatum.D. fasciatum.D. pomum.D. variegatum.D. perdix.
Dolium galea.D. olearium.D. maculatum.D. fasciatum.D. pomum.D. variegatum.D. perdix.
Dolium galea.
D. olearium.
D. maculatum.
D. fasciatum.
D. pomum.
D. variegatum.
D. perdix.
D. perdix.The Partridge Dolium. Pl.29, fig. 4.
Species sub-umbilicated, ovate-oblong, thin, thickly ribbed, and convex; colour reddish brown, clouded and spotted with white.
D. galea.The brown Tun.
Species not umbilicated; sometimes exceeds ten inches in diameter.
Notwithstanding the divisions of the Linnæan Buccinum into so many different genera, it still presents a great variety and diversity of species.
Shell slightly covered with epidermis, oval, elongated; the spire middling elevated; aperture oblong, oval, notched, and sometimes sub-canaliculated anteriorly; the right edge thick, not reflected; columella simple and swelled at theupper part; operculum horny, complete, oval, with sub-concentric elements; the summit slightly marked and marginal.
Buccinum undatum.B. glaciale.B. Anglicanum.B. papyraceum.B. annulatum.B. lævissimum.B. crenulatum.B. reticulatum.B. Tranquebaricum.B. lineatum.B. fuscatum.B. lineolatum.B. maculosum.B. politum.B. suturale.B. mutabile.B. inflatum.B. retusum.B. ventricosum.B. gemmulatum.B. Coromandelianum.B. fasciatum.B. miga.B. lyratum.B. arcularia.B. coronatum.B. Thersites.B. pauperatum.B. neriteum.B. testudineum.B. achatinum.B. glans.B. papillosum.B. olivaceum.B. canaliculatum.B. tricarinatum.B. Brasilianum.B. semiconvexum.B. fasciolatum.B. vinosum.B. tenuiplicatum.B. sub-spinosum.B. Ascanias.B. lævigatum.B. flexuosum.B. aciculatum.B. corniculatum.B. cribrarium.B. grana.B. coccinella.B. zebra.B. dermestoideum.B. aurantium.B. pedicular.B. gibbolusum.B. pullus.B. marginulatum.B. polygonatum.
Buccinum undatum.B. glaciale.B. Anglicanum.B. papyraceum.B. annulatum.B. lævissimum.B. crenulatum.B. reticulatum.B. Tranquebaricum.B. lineatum.B. fuscatum.B. lineolatum.B. maculosum.B. politum.B. suturale.B. mutabile.B. inflatum.B. retusum.B. ventricosum.B. gemmulatum.B. Coromandelianum.B. fasciatum.B. miga.B. lyratum.B. arcularia.B. coronatum.B. Thersites.B. pauperatum.B. neriteum.B. testudineum.B. achatinum.B. glans.B. papillosum.B. olivaceum.B. canaliculatum.B. tricarinatum.B. Brasilianum.B. semiconvexum.B. fasciolatum.B. vinosum.B. tenuiplicatum.B. sub-spinosum.B. Ascanias.B. lævigatum.B. flexuosum.B. aciculatum.B. corniculatum.B. cribrarium.B. grana.B. coccinella.B. zebra.B. dermestoideum.B. aurantium.B. pedicular.B. gibbolusum.B. pullus.B. marginulatum.B. polygonatum.
Buccinum undatum.B. glaciale.B. Anglicanum.B. papyraceum.B. annulatum.B. lævissimum.B. crenulatum.B. reticulatum.B. Tranquebaricum.B. lineatum.B. fuscatum.B. lineolatum.B. maculosum.B. politum.B. suturale.B. mutabile.B. inflatum.B. retusum.B. ventricosum.B. gemmulatum.B. Coromandelianum.B. fasciatum.B. miga.B. lyratum.B. arcularia.B. coronatum.B. Thersites.B. pauperatum.B. neriteum.B. testudineum.B. achatinum.B. glans.B. papillosum.B. olivaceum.B. canaliculatum.B. tricarinatum.B. Brasilianum.B. semiconvexum.B. fasciolatum.B. vinosum.B. tenuiplicatum.B. sub-spinosum.B. Ascanias.B. lævigatum.B. flexuosum.B. aciculatum.B. corniculatum.B. cribrarium.B. grana.B. coccinella.B. zebra.B. dermestoideum.B. aurantium.B. pedicular.B. gibbolusum.B. pullus.B. marginulatum.B. polygonatum.
Buccinum undatum.
B. glaciale.
B. Anglicanum.
B. papyraceum.
B. annulatum.
B. lævissimum.
B. crenulatum.
B. reticulatum.
B. Tranquebaricum.
B. lineatum.
B. fuscatum.
B. lineolatum.
B. maculosum.
B. politum.
B. suturale.
B. mutabile.
B. inflatum.
B. retusum.
B. ventricosum.
B. gemmulatum.
B. Coromandelianum.
B. fasciatum.
B. miga.
B. lyratum.
B. arcularia.
B. coronatum.
B. Thersites.
B. pauperatum.
B. neriteum.
B. testudineum.
B. achatinum.
B. glans.
B. papillosum.
B. olivaceum.
B. canaliculatum.
B. tricarinatum.
B. Brasilianum.
B. semiconvexum.
B. fasciolatum.
B. vinosum.
B. tenuiplicatum.
B. sub-spinosum.
B. Ascanias.
B. lævigatum.
B. flexuosum.
B. aciculatum.
B. corniculatum.
B. cribrarium.
B. grana.
B. coccinella.
B. zebra.
B. dermestoideum.
B. aurantium.
B. pedicular.
B. gibbolusum.
B. pullus.
B. marginulatum.
B. polygonatum.
B. undatum.The common Whelk, or waved Buccinum.
Species oval, slightly ventricose, and sub-carinated on the whorls of the spire; sulcated obliquely; striated transversely and longitudinally; volutions convex; aperture white or yellow; covered with a yellowish epidermis.
B. papillosum.The prickly-lip Buccinum. Pl.29, fig. 1.
Species with the spire elevated, more or less tuberculated, the edges of the aperture separated posteriorly by a narrow, rather deep sinus; the right dentated anteriorly.
B. reticulatum.The reticulated Buccinum.
Species short, ventricose, sub-globular.
B. achatinum.The Agathine Buccinum.
Species smooth, the spire rather elevated; the aperture wider anteriorly.
Shell oval or elongated, smooth; the spire pointed, its whorls as if rounded; aperture ovate, elongated, effuse, and widely notched anteriorly; the right margin entire; the columella callous posteriorly, umbilicated, sub-canaliculated at its external or right side.
Eburna glabrata.E. Ceylanica.E. spirata.E. areolata.E. lutosa.
Eburna glabrata.E. Ceylanica.E. spirata.E. areolata.E. lutosa.
Eburna glabrata.E. Ceylanica.E. spirata.E. areolata.E. lutosa.
Eburna glabrata.
E. Ceylanica.
E. spirata.
E. areolata.
E. lutosa.
E. Ceylanica.The Ceylon Eburna. Pl.29, fig. 3.
Species smooth, white, with irregular large purplish spots; apex acute, tipped with blue; sutures with an elevated line; umbilicus filled with spines.
This genus of shells is remarkable for their sharp, lengthened, and spiral form, which obtained for them the common name of Needles.
Shell elongated oval, spire pointed, slightly elevated, or sub-turreted; aperture wide, oval, strongly notched anteriorly; lower end of the columella twisted or oblique.
Terebra maculata.T. flammea.T. crenulata.T. dimidiata.T. striatula.T. chlorata.T. cerithina.T. raphanula.T. muscaria.T. subulata.T. oculata.T. duplicata.T. Babylonia.T. corrugata.T. Senegalensis.T. cærulescens.T. cingulifera.T. myuros.T. scabrella.T. strigilata.T. lanceata.T. aciculina.T. granulosa.T. vittata.
Terebra maculata.T. flammea.T. crenulata.T. dimidiata.T. striatula.T. chlorata.T. cerithina.T. raphanula.T. muscaria.T. subulata.T. oculata.T. duplicata.T. Babylonia.T. corrugata.T. Senegalensis.T. cærulescens.T. cingulifera.T. myuros.T. scabrella.T. strigilata.T. lanceata.T. aciculina.T. granulosa.T. vittata.
Terebra maculata.T. flammea.T. crenulata.T. dimidiata.T. striatula.T. chlorata.T. cerithina.T. raphanula.T. muscaria.T. subulata.T. oculata.T. duplicata.T. Babylonia.T. corrugata.T. Senegalensis.T. cærulescens.T. cingulifera.T. myuros.T. scabrella.T. strigilata.T. lanceata.T. aciculina.T. granulosa.T. vittata.
Terebra maculata.
T. flammea.
T. crenulata.
T. dimidiata.
T. striatula.
T. chlorata.
T. cerithina.
T. raphanula.
T. muscaria.
T. subulata.
T. oculata.
T. duplicata.
T. Babylonia.
T. corrugata.
T. Senegalensis.
T. cærulescens.
T. cingulifera.
T. myuros.
T. scabrella.
T. strigilata.
T. lanceata.
T. aciculina.
T. granulosa.
T. vittata.
T. Buccinoides.The Buccinum-shaped Terebra. Pl.27, fig. 3.
Answers to the above description.
T. vittata.The filleted Terebra.
Species smooth, pale fawn coloured; transversely striated, with transverse purplish fillets.
T. maculata.The spotted Terebra. Pl.27, fig. 1.
Species very long, spire pointed; aperture oval, small, widely notched anteriorly; the external edge thin and sharp, the left with an oblique thickening at its extremity.
The shells of this genus are short, small, and rather thick; found in the seas of hot countries.
The C. mercatoria is very common on the shores of the Atlantic in warm latitudes, and was formerly used as money.
Shell thick, turbinated; spire short, obtuse; aperture narrow, elongated, terminated by a very short canal or notch, rendered narrow by an inflation at the inner side of the right edge, and by some plaits on the columella; a very small horny operculum.
Columbella strombiformis.C. rustica.C. mercatoria.C. Hebræa.C. flavida.C. semipunctata.C. bizonalis.C. reticulata.C. pardalina.C. scripta.C. ovulata.C. nitida.C. zonalis.C. fulgurans.C. mendicaria.C. turturina.C. punctata.C. unifascialis.
Columbella strombiformis.C. rustica.C. mercatoria.C. Hebræa.C. flavida.C. semipunctata.C. bizonalis.C. reticulata.C. pardalina.C. scripta.C. ovulata.C. nitida.C. zonalis.C. fulgurans.C. mendicaria.C. turturina.C. punctata.C. unifascialis.
Columbella strombiformis.C. rustica.C. mercatoria.C. Hebræa.C. flavida.C. semipunctata.C. bizonalis.C. reticulata.C. pardalina.C. scripta.C. ovulata.C. nitida.C. zonalis.C. fulgurans.C. mendicaria.C. turturina.C. punctata.C. unifascialis.
Columbella strombiformis.
C. rustica.
C. mercatoria.
C. Hebræa.
C. flavida.
C. semipunctata.
C. bizonalis.
C. reticulata.
C. pardalina.
C. scripta.
C. ovulata.
C. nitida.
C. zonalis.
C. fulgurans.
C. mendicaria.
C. turturina.
C. punctata.
C. unifascialis.
C. strombiformis.The Strombus-shaped Columbella. Pl.29, fig. 6.
The type of this genus, partly characterized by its name.
C. mercatoria.The merchant Columbella.
Ovate, white, sulcated, transversely clouded with brown or yellow; outer lip dentated internally.
A numerous and elegant genus of shells, separated by Lamarck from the Voluta on account of possessing several strong distinctive characters. The spire is always pointed, and the columellar plaits, diminishing in size, are always transverse and parallel to each other.
The exterior is sometimes most beautifully marked with transverse grooves, striæ, punctures, or granulations; the colour of almost every hue.
Shell turreted, sub-fusiform, and oval; the spire always pointed at the summit; the aperture small, triangular, wider and strongly notched anteriorly; the external edge sharp, almost straight, always longer than the columella, which is formed by a very thin callosity, and marked with oblique parallel plaits, of which those anterior are the shortest.
Mitra episcopalis.M. papalis.M. pontificalis.M. puncticulata.M. millepora.M. cardinalis.M. archiepiscopalis.M. versicolor.M. sanguinolenta.M. pediculus.M. lactea.M. cornicularis.M. lutescens.M. striatula.M. subulata.M. cornea.M. tringa.M. melaniana.M. ferruginea.M. terebralis.M. adusta.M. granulosa.M. crocata.M. casta.M. nexilis.M. olivaria.M. scabriuscula.M. granatina.M. crenifera.M. serpentina.M. tæniata.M. plicaria.M. corrugata.M. costellaris.M. lyrata.M. melongena.M. cinctella.M. vulpecula.M. Caffra.M. sanguisuga.M. stigmataria.M. filosa.M. fissurata.M. arenosa.M. clavulus.M. literata.M. Peronii.M. obliquata.M. oniscina.M. scutulata.M. dactylus.M. fenestrata.M. crenulata.M. texturata.M. conulus.M. limbifera.M. aurantiaca.M. amphorella.M. coronata.M. paupercula.M. cucumerina.M. patriarchalis.M. muriculata.M. torulosa.M. ebenus.M. harpæformis.M. semifasciata.M. retusa.M. microzonias.M. ficulina.M. nucleola.M. unifascialis.M. bacillum.M. conularis.M. plumbea.M. larva.M. pisolina.M. dermestina.M. granulifera.M. tabanula.
Mitra episcopalis.M. papalis.M. pontificalis.M. puncticulata.M. millepora.M. cardinalis.M. archiepiscopalis.M. versicolor.M. sanguinolenta.M. pediculus.M. lactea.M. cornicularis.M. lutescens.M. striatula.M. subulata.M. cornea.M. tringa.M. melaniana.M. ferruginea.M. terebralis.M. adusta.M. granulosa.M. crocata.M. casta.M. nexilis.M. olivaria.M. scabriuscula.M. granatina.M. crenifera.M. serpentina.M. tæniata.M. plicaria.M. corrugata.M. costellaris.M. lyrata.M. melongena.M. cinctella.M. vulpecula.M. Caffra.M. sanguisuga.M. stigmataria.M. filosa.M. fissurata.M. arenosa.M. clavulus.M. literata.M. Peronii.M. obliquata.M. oniscina.M. scutulata.M. dactylus.M. fenestrata.M. crenulata.M. texturata.M. conulus.M. limbifera.M. aurantiaca.M. amphorella.M. coronata.M. paupercula.M. cucumerina.M. patriarchalis.M. muriculata.M. torulosa.M. ebenus.M. harpæformis.M. semifasciata.M. retusa.M. microzonias.M. ficulina.M. nucleola.M. unifascialis.M. bacillum.M. conularis.M. plumbea.M. larva.M. pisolina.M. dermestina.M. granulifera.M. tabanula.
Mitra episcopalis.M. papalis.M. pontificalis.M. puncticulata.M. millepora.M. cardinalis.M. archiepiscopalis.M. versicolor.M. sanguinolenta.M. pediculus.M. lactea.M. cornicularis.M. lutescens.M. striatula.M. subulata.M. cornea.M. tringa.M. melaniana.M. ferruginea.M. terebralis.M. adusta.M. granulosa.M. crocata.M. casta.M. nexilis.M. olivaria.M. scabriuscula.M. granatina.M. crenifera.M. serpentina.M. tæniata.M. plicaria.M. corrugata.M. costellaris.M. lyrata.M. melongena.M. cinctella.M. vulpecula.M. Caffra.M. sanguisuga.M. stigmataria.M. filosa.M. fissurata.M. arenosa.M. clavulus.M. literata.M. Peronii.M. obliquata.M. oniscina.M. scutulata.M. dactylus.M. fenestrata.M. crenulata.M. texturata.M. conulus.M. limbifera.M. aurantiaca.M. amphorella.M. coronata.M. paupercula.M. cucumerina.M. patriarchalis.M. muriculata.M. torulosa.M. ebenus.M. harpæformis.M. semifasciata.M. retusa.M. microzonias.M. ficulina.M. nucleola.M. unifascialis.M. bacillum.M. conularis.M. plumbea.M. larva.M. pisolina.M. dermestina.M. granulifera.M. tabanula.
Mitra episcopalis.
M. papalis.
M. pontificalis.
M. puncticulata.
M. millepora.
M. cardinalis.
M. archiepiscopalis.
M. versicolor.
M. sanguinolenta.
M. pediculus.
M. lactea.
M. cornicularis.
M. lutescens.
M. striatula.
M. subulata.
M. cornea.
M. tringa.
M. melaniana.
M. ferruginea.
M. terebralis.
M. adusta.
M. granulosa.
M. crocata.
M. casta.
M. nexilis.
M. olivaria.
M. scabriuscula.
M. granatina.
M. crenifera.
M. serpentina.
M. tæniata.
M. plicaria.
M. corrugata.
M. costellaris.
M. lyrata.
M. melongena.
M. cinctella.
M. vulpecula.
M. Caffra.
M. sanguisuga.
M. stigmataria.
M. filosa.
M. fissurata.
M. arenosa.
M. clavulus.
M. literata.
M. Peronii.
M. obliquata.
M. oniscina.
M. scutulata.
M. dactylus.
M. fenestrata.
M. crenulata.
M. texturata.
M. conulus.
M. limbifera.
M. aurantiaca.
M. amphorella.
M. coronata.
M. paupercula.
M. cucumerina.
M. patriarchalis.
M. muriculata.
M. torulosa.
M. ebenus.
M. harpæformis.
M. semifasciata.
M. retusa.
M. microzonias.
M. ficulina.
M. nucleola.
M. unifascialis.
M. bacillum.
M. conularis.
M. plumbea.
M. larva.
M. pisolina.
M. dermestina.
M. granulifera.
M. tabanula.
M. episcopalis.The episcopal Mitre. Pl.31, fig. 7.
Species turreted, with spiral whorls very wide and entire; the aperture effuse anteriorly.
M. papalis.The papal Mitre.
Species with coronated whorls.
M. pontificalis.The pontifical Mitre.
Species covered with a yellowish epidermis, beneath which are interrupted fillets of orange coloured spots; spire crowned with tubercles.
M. micozonias.The small white-banded Mitre.
Species sub-ovate, spire very short, generally tubercled.
M. dactylus.The six-plaited Mitre.
Species oval, spire very short, and generally latticed.
M. tæniata.The riband Mitre.
Species flaring, turreted, ribbed; spire more than half the length of the shell; aperture very narrow, long, sub-canaliculated, with one plait.
This genus, as established by Linnæus, included shells of different families, promiscuously blended together, rendering it difficult to determine satisfactorily respecting shells under examination. As arranged and classified by Lamarck, it is still a numerous and beautiful genus, containing some of the most rare and costly shells, particularly V. Junonia or Peacock Volute, of which very few are known. They vary considerably in size; some are very minute, and others large; they are found chiefly in the seas of the torrid zone or southern hemisphere.
Shell oval, more or less ventricose; the first whorls of the spire mamillose; aperture in general much more long than wide, strongly and obliquely notched anteriorly; the right edge a little reflected, entire; the columellar edge excavated, and adorned with great plaits, more or less oblique, and a little variable in number with age.
Voluta nautica.V. diadema.V. armata.V. ducalis.V. tesselata.V. Neptuni.V. cymbium.V. olla.V. proboscidalis.V. porcina.V. Æthiopica.V. melo.V. imperialis.V. pellis-serpentis.V. vespertilio.V. Hebræa.V. musica.V. chlorosina.V. lævigata.V. polyzonalis.V. nodulosa.V. magnifica.V. ancilla.V. Magellanica.V. Pacifica.V. fulminata.V. Junonia.V. scapha.V. Brasiliana.V. mitis.V. nivosa.V. serpentina.V. thiarella.V. carneolata.V. Guinaica.V. fulva.V. sulcata.V. nucleus.V. undulata.V. lapponica.V. vexillum.V. volvacea.V. festiva.V. mitræformis.
Voluta nautica.V. diadema.V. armata.V. ducalis.V. tesselata.V. Neptuni.V. cymbium.V. olla.V. proboscidalis.V. porcina.V. Æthiopica.V. melo.V. imperialis.V. pellis-serpentis.V. vespertilio.V. Hebræa.V. musica.V. chlorosina.V. lævigata.V. polyzonalis.V. nodulosa.V. magnifica.V. ancilla.V. Magellanica.V. Pacifica.V. fulminata.V. Junonia.V. scapha.V. Brasiliana.V. mitis.V. nivosa.V. serpentina.V. thiarella.V. carneolata.V. Guinaica.V. fulva.V. sulcata.V. nucleus.V. undulata.V. lapponica.V. vexillum.V. volvacea.V. festiva.V. mitræformis.
Voluta nautica.V. diadema.V. armata.V. ducalis.V. tesselata.V. Neptuni.V. cymbium.V. olla.V. proboscidalis.V. porcina.V. Æthiopica.V. melo.V. imperialis.V. pellis-serpentis.V. vespertilio.V. Hebræa.V. musica.V. chlorosina.V. lævigata.V. polyzonalis.V. nodulosa.V. magnifica.V. ancilla.V. Magellanica.V. Pacifica.V. fulminata.V. Junonia.V. scapha.V. Brasiliana.V. mitis.V. nivosa.V. serpentina.V. thiarella.V. carneolata.V. Guinaica.V. fulva.V. sulcata.V. nucleus.V. undulata.V. lapponica.V. vexillum.V. volvacea.V. festiva.V. mitræformis.
Voluta nautica.
V. diadema.
V. armata.
V. ducalis.
V. tesselata.
V. Neptuni.
V. cymbium.
V. olla.
V. proboscidalis.
V. porcina.
V. Æthiopica.
V. melo.
V. imperialis.
V. pellis-serpentis.
V. vespertilio.
V. Hebræa.
V. musica.
V. chlorosina.
V. lævigata.
V. polyzonalis.
V. nodulosa.
V. magnifica.
V. ancilla.
V. Magellanica.
V. Pacifica.
V. fulminata.
V. Junonia.
V. scapha.
V. Brasiliana.
V. mitis.
V. nivosa.
V. serpentina.
V. thiarella.
V. carneolata.
V. Guinaica.
V. fulva.
V. sulcata.
V. nucleus.
V. undulata.
V. lapponica.
V. vexillum.
V. volvacea.
V. festiva.
V. mitræformis.
V. Æthiopica.The Æthiopian Volute. Pl.30, fig. 2.
Species large, oval, convex, ventricose; spire papillary, with whorls coronated with elevated hollow spines.
V. musica.The music Volute.
Species oval, marked like musical notes set in scores on its surface; spire sub-tuberculated.
V. Magellanica.The Magellan Volute.
Species sub-fusiform, elongated, and sub-turreted; no spines or tubercles on the whorls.
Distinguished from the Voluta, from which it was taken, by having the outer lip thickened.
Shell smooth, polished, ovate, oblong, sub-conic, spire short and papillary; aperture narrow, sub-ovate, by a light curve of the right edge, which is inflated or reflected, slightly notched anteriorly; the columellar edge marked with three distinct oblique plaits.
Marginella glabrella.M. radiata.M. quinqueplicata.M. limbata.M. rosea.M. lifasciata.M. faba.M. dentifera.M. dactylus.M. bullata.M. cornea.M. avellana.M. nubeculata.M. cærulescens.M. aurantia.M. bivaricosa.M. longivaricosa.M. muscaria.M. eburnea.M. formicula.M. persicula.M. lineata.M. tessellata.M. interrupta.
Marginella glabrella.M. radiata.M. quinqueplicata.M. limbata.M. rosea.M. lifasciata.M. faba.M. dentifera.M. dactylus.M. bullata.M. cornea.M. avellana.M. nubeculata.M. cærulescens.M. aurantia.M. bivaricosa.M. longivaricosa.M. muscaria.M. eburnea.M. formicula.M. persicula.M. lineata.M. tessellata.M. interrupta.
Marginella glabrella.M. radiata.M. quinqueplicata.M. limbata.M. rosea.M. lifasciata.M. faba.M. dentifera.M. dactylus.M. bullata.M. cornea.M. avellana.M. nubeculata.M. cærulescens.M. aurantia.M. bivaricosa.M. longivaricosa.M. muscaria.M. eburnea.M. formicula.M. persicula.M. lineata.M. tessellata.M. interrupta.
Marginella glabrella.
M. radiata.
M. quinqueplicata.
M. limbata.
M. rosea.
M. lifasciata.
M. faba.
M. dentifera.
M. dactylus.
M. bullata.
M. cornea.
M. avellana.
M. nubeculata.
M. cærulescens.
M. aurantia.
M. bivaricosa.
M. longivaricosa.
M. muscaria.
M. eburnea.
M. formicula.
M. persicula.
M. lineata.
M. tessellata.
M. interrupta.
M. lineata.The lineated Marginella. Pl.30, fig. 3.
Species with aperture as long as the shell; spire not projecting, sometimes sunk or umbilicated.
M. faba.The Bean Marginella.
Species with aperture shorter than the shell, and the spire projecting.
M. cærulescens.The cerulean Marginella.
Species with surface bluish white; spire short and acute; four plaits on the columella; interior lip brownish purple.
The connecting genus between those shells that have a columella and those that are evolved upon their own axis. Distinguished from the Marginella by not having a thickened outer lip. The shells are marine, and generally very small.
Shell cylindrical, convolute; spire obsolete or concealed; aperture narrow, the whole length of the shell, with one or more plaits on the columella at the lower part.
Volvaria monilis.V. pallida.V. triticea.V. oryza.V. miliacea.
Volvaria monilis.V. pallida.V. triticea.V. oryza.V. miliacea.
Volvaria monilis.V. pallida.V. triticea.V. oryza.V. miliacea.
Volvaria monilis.
V. pallida.
V. triticea.
V. oryza.
V. miliacea.
V. monilis.The Necklace Volvaria. Pl.29, fig. 5.
Species greatly involuted; aperture very narrow and verylong; plaits on the anterior part of the columellar edge; the exterior edge thin.
This is the first genus of Lamarck’s arrangement of convoluted shells; it is nearly allied to the Cypræa, but easily distinguished from it by the want of spire, and by not having teeth on the columellar lip; the right lip is reflected inwardly, sometimes wrinkled and sometimes smooth.
Shell oblong, convex, resembling the Cypræa in form, with the two extremities of the aperture notched, and more or less prolonged like a tube; the left margin dentated.