Caas.SeeCas(e).Cagge(n),v.to tie up,VI152. [Not known; only allit.]Cayre,v.to ride,V52. [ON.keyra.]Calabre,n.calaber (a squirrel fur),VIIIa265. [OFr.Calabre, Calabria.]Calde.SeeColde.Call(e),v.to call (cry, summon, name),I32,IVb47,VI182,X70,XVI126,XVII432, &c.;subj. sg.XVI141;Cald,pp.named,VII70,XVII513. [OE. (late)ceallian, from ON.kalla.]Cam.SeeCom.Cammede,adj.XVh5; ? snub-nosed (cf.Reeve's Tale, 14); ? crooked (fits context better, but see etym.). [Cf. OFr., ME.camus, snub-nosed;cammed, bent (from Welshcam), is not else recorded till later.]Can,v.1I know, know how to, can.Pres. ind. 1, 3 sg.Can,II22, 437,XIIIb38 (knows), &c.;Con,V70, 215,XVc26;Kan(ne),I45,IVa11, 90,XVI74;2 sg.Can(ne),XVI100,XVII229;Canstow(seeÞou),VIIIb12;pl.Can,IX208;Con,VI21;Conen, know,IX185, 208;Conne,VI161;Conneþ,VIIIa116,XIIIa17,b22, 38 (know);Cunne,XIVc101;Kan(e),IVb21, 41, 44, 86;Konne,VIIIa70;Kunnen,XIb153 (know), 275;pres. subj.Conne,VIIIa143;Kun(ne),XIVb90,VIIIa250;pa. t.Couþe,Cowþe,Iintrod.,V115, 205,XIIintrod.,b200, &c.;cowþeȝ(2 sg.) with double constr.,VI124 (note);pa. t. subj.could, might (have),Coude,XIb271,XVII286;Couþe,V276, 353;Cowth,XVII473.Can no other red,XIIb102,seeRed;how I can of, what I can do in the way of,XVII250. It is sometimes difficult to distinguish this verb from the next (e.g.atV205,VI139,XVII468). [OE.can,con;cūþe.]Can,Con,v.2auxil.used with infin. as equivalent of simple pa. t. (con calle= called,V144), and also, by confusion with prec., of a present (con dresse= brings about,VI135);1, 3 sg.Con,V167, 227,VI51, 77, 93, 181, 221, 223, &c.;2 sg.Coneȝ,VI122;pl.Can,X50, 66, 108, 112;Con,VI149, 191;pa. t.did, ?V205 (seeprec.). [Due to confusion in form, and partly also in sense, between Gan (q.v.) and prec.; cf.begouth(s.v.Begynne).]Canell,n.cinnamon,IX158. [OFr.canelle.]Caple,n.horse,V107. [Cf. ON.kapall; seeN.E.D.]Cardinales,n. pl.cardinals,XIVb40, 41. [OFr.cardinal.]Care,Kare,n.woe, misery,IVa18, 44, 60,V316,VI11, &c.;care (of), anxiety (concerning),V311. [OE.caru.]Care,v.to have sorrow,XIVb1. [OE.carian.]Carie,v.to carry,XIIb27. [ONFr.carier.]Caroigne,Caryon,n.dead body, carrion,VIIIa85,XVII502. [ONFr.caroigne; the phonology of the second form is obscure.]Carp,v.to converse,VI21; prate,XVII360. [ON.karpa, brag.]Carpyng,n.narration,Xintrod.[From prec.]Cart,n.cart,VIIIb13,XVII534;v.to cart,VIIIb66;Cartere,n.carter (as a name),XIVd3;Cart-mare,n.draught-mare,VIIIa282. [ON.kart-r, OE.cræt.]Cas,Case,n.chance, general run of events, circumstances, plight,II175,III20,VII25, 73,XIIa49,b194, &c.;Caas,pl.XIIIb40;in cas, it may be,XI101, 105, 216;per cas, by chance,XIIa7,b4. [OFr.cas.]Cast(e),v.;Cast(e),pa. t.V249,XIIb70, &c.;Kest,V207;Casten,pp.IVa60;Icast,XIVc79;Kast,I143;Kest,V174; to cast, throw, put,I143,IVb3,VIIIa61,X33,XIIb103, &c.; (in charity),VIIIa16; to cast off,XVII262;icast out, abandoned,XIVc79; to offer, propose,V174, 207; to scheme,XIb306. [ON.kasta; foreforms beforestcf. Morsbach,ME. Gram.§ 87, n. 2.]SeeKest,n.; Vpcaste.Castel(l),n.castle,II159,X173,XVII349, 538; a tower or raised structure on the deck of a ship (seeTopcastell),XVII272. [OE. (late)castelfrom ONFr.castel.]Catel,Catayll,Catall,n. sg. collect., goods, property,VIIIa86, 141, 214,XIVc75,XVI242,XVII156 (cattle), 326. [ONFr.catel.]Cateractes,n. pl.flood-gates,XVII343, 451 (seeGenesis, vii. 11, viii. 2; Vulgatecataractæ, sluices).Caue,n.cave,V114,XIIa65. [OFr.cave.]Cause(of),n.cause, reason (of),XIa17, 54,XIIIb66,XIVc9;cause þerto, cause for it,XVII102; cause, side in a quarrel, &c.,IX82,XIa50. [OFr.cause.]Cawht.SeeKache.Cerched.SeeSerche.Certayn(e),Certeyn(e),Sarteyn(e)(XVI),adj.certain, sure; fixed, definite,XIb113,XVI225; some particular,IX268;come to no certeyn, came to nothing,I179;nouȝt of certeyne, no definite rule,VIIIa145;adv.assuredly, indeed,I231,XVI94,XVII176, &c. [OFr.certain.]Certes,Certis,adv.certainly, truly,VIIIb22,X134,XIb42, 293. [OFr.certes.]Cesse,Sesse,v.to cease, leave off, come to an end,VIIIa172,XIb205,XVI44, 294;Cest,pp.XVII451;Cessynge,n.ceasing,XIb85. [OFr.cesser.]Chace,n.quarry (in hunting),XIIb7. [OFr.chace.]Chace(n), to pursue, drive,IX167, 229;chace of, drive, oust from,VI83. [OFr.chacier.]Chaffare,v.to engage in trade,VIIIa235,b98. [From ME.chapfare,chaffare, n.;seeChapuare.]Chayngede.SeeChaunge.Chambre(s).SeeChaumber.Chanel,n.channel, river-bed,XIIIa57. [OFr.chanel.]Cf.Kanel.Chapel(le),n.chapel, private oratory (attached to a castle, &c.),V35, 118, &c.;Schapellis,pl.XIb234. [OFr.chapelle.]Chapelleyn,Chaplayn,n.chaplain (a priest serving a 'chapel';seeprec.),VIIIa12,V39. [OFr.chapelain.]Chapman,n.merchant,XIIb179. [OE.cēap-man.]Chapuare,n.trading, bargain,III60. [OE.cēap+faru; cf. ON.kaup-för.]SeeChaffare,v.Charde,pa. t. sg.turned back, ceased to flow,VI248. [OE.cerran.]Charge,n.burden; weight,IVb48;a þing of charge, a weighty, important matter,XIVc52. [OFr.charge.]Seenext.Charge(n),v.to burden,IVb51;charge(n) with, to burden with, to impose as an obligation,XIb150, 198, 199, &c.; to enjoin, order (a person),XIb15, 31, 71, 120, 193; to attach weight, importance, to,XIb104, 106, 184, 188, 225. [OFr.charger.]Charious,adj.burdensome,XIb204. [OFr.chargeous,charjous.]Charité,Charyté,n.charity, christian love (for God or one's fellows),IVb15,VI110,XIb25, &c.;out of ch., not in a state of ch.,XIb26, 89;I will kepe ch., I will not lose my temper,XVII235;par charité,for ch.,for of saynte ch., (formulæ used in prayers, or requests), in the name of (holy) charity,VIIIa250,XVd5,XVII165, 174;amen for ch., a formula of conclusion,XVII558. [OFr.charité;(de) par (sainte) charité.]Charke,v.to creak,XIIa70. [OE.cearcian.]Charnel,n.cemetery,VIIIa50. [OFr.charnel.]Chaste,v.to rebuke, punish,VIIIa53, 318. [OFr.chastier.]Chastice,Chastis(e),Chastyse,v.to punish, chastise, curb,XIVc70,d5,XVII398, 403. [OFr. (rare)chastiser.]Chaud(e),adj.hot,VIIIa306; (Fr. word indicating affectation of manners above labourers' station.)Chaumber,Chambre(XVII),n.room (usually a smaller private room or bedroom),II100, 196, 584,XVII129, 281 (seeChes, and note), &c. [OFr.chambre.]Chaunce,Chance,n.chance, fortune, adventure, event,I22, 25, 28, 135, 221,V331,VII16;for ch. þat may falle, whatever may happen,V64;he cheueȝ þat chaunce, he contrives that event, brings it to pass,V35;per chance,XIIb18, 57. [OFr.ch(e)ance.]Chaunge,Change,v.to alter, change,trans.andintr.,IVa2, 42,XIIa125,XIIIa4, 56,XVa22, &c.;Chayngede,pa. t.XIIIb28;Ychaunged,pp.VIIIb85,XIIIb27.Chaunged his cher,V101,seeChere. [OFr.changier;chaingier.]Chaungyng,n.vicissitudes,VII16;ch. of wit, alteration of sense, mistranslation,XIa47.Chees.SeeChese,v.Cheyne,n.chain,X31. [OFr.chaine.]Chekes,n. pl.cheeks,VIIIa169;maugré Medes (thi) chekes, in Meed's (thy) despite,VIIIa41, 151;seeMaugré. [OE.cēace,cēce.]Chekke,n.ill-luck,V127. [OFr.eschec, checkmate.]Chelde,adj.cold,XVe16. [OE. (WS.)céald.]SeeColde.Chenes,n. pl.fissures,XIIIa8. [OE.cine,cion-.]Chepynge,n.market,VIIIa294. [OE.cēping.]Cher(e),Chiere(XII),n.face,XVc15; looks,XIIa120; demeanour,VI47;mery chere, gladness,XVII463.Chaunged his cher,V101; ? altered the direction in which he faced, turned this way and that (cf.Sir Gaw., 711); but the phrase elsewhere always refers to colour or expression of face. [OFr.chiere,chere.]Cherche,Chirche,Churche,n.church, Church,I3, 21,VIIIa12, 50,b12, 63 (note),XIa62,b178, &c. [OE.cirice,circe.]SeeKirke.Chercheȝerd,n.churchyard,I3, 66, 263;Cherche porche, church porch,I77. [Prec. + OE.géard; OFr.porche.]Cherles.SeeChorle.Cheruelles,n. pl.chervils (a garden pot-herb),VIIIa289. [OE.cerfille.]Ches,Chese(MS. chefe),n.inthre ches(e), three tiers or rows of,XVII129, 281 (followed by sg. noun). [Perhaps a use of ME.ches, chess, as 'rows of squares' (OFr.eschez, pl. ofeschec,seeChekke).]Chese,v.to choose;chese ȝou, choose (for) yourselves,II217;Chees,Ches,pa. t. sg.XIb56,XIIa110; for past pple.seeYcore. [OE.cēosan.]Cheses,n. pl.cheeses,VIIIa276. [OE.cēse.]Chesible,n.chasuble (the outer vestment of a priest when celebrating Mass),VIIIa12. [OFr.chesible.]Chesouns,n. pl.reasons,XIa50. [Shortened from OFr.ache(i)son;seeEnchesone.]Cheualrous,adj.chivalrous,V331. [OFr.chevalerous.]SeeChiualrye.Cheue,v.(to acquire), control, bring about;cheueȝ þat chaunce, brings that event to pass,V35;Cheuyt,pp.brought about,VII16. [OFr.cheverandachever.]SeeAcheue.Cheuentayn,n.chieftain, Lord,VI245. [OFr.chevetaine.]Chibolles,n. pl.chibols, a variety of small onion,VIIIa289. [ONFr.*chiboule, OFr.ciboule.]Chyche,n.niggard,VI245. [OFr.chiche, adj.]Chyde,v. intr.to complain, find fault,VI43,VIIIa307, 314. [OE.cīdan.]Chiere.SeeCher(e).Child,Chylde,n.child,III39,IVa73, &c.,child hys, child's,XIIIb23;Childer,Chylder,pl.XVII327, 527;Childern,Chyldern,XIIIb16, 33, 37, &c.;Children,VIIIa91, &c. [OE.cíld;cildru, pl.]Child-bedde,n.;on child-bedde, in travail,II399. [OE.cíld+bedd.]Chillyng,n.becoming cold, infor chillyng of here mawe, to prevent their stomachs getting cold,VIIIa306. [OE.cilian; but seeN.E.D.]Chirche.SeeCherche.Chiries,n. pl.cherries,VIIIa289. [ONFr.cherise, sg.; cf. OE.cires-bēam.]Chyteryng,n.chattering,XIIIb14. [Echoic.]Chiualrye,n.knighthood, the knights as a body,XIVc42. [OFr.chev-,chivalerie.]SeeCheualrous.Chorle,n.common man,V39;Cherles,pl.VIIIa50. [OE.céorl.]Cité,Cyté,Cytee,Citie,Sité,n.city,II48, 479,VII66, 85,VIIIb94,IX23,XIIIb67, &c. [OFr.cité.]Cytryne,adj.lemon-yellow,IX115. [OFr.citrin.]Clanly,adv.elegantly,VII53. [OE.clǣ̆n-līce.]SeeClene.Clatere,v.to clatter, resound,V133,VII137. [OE.clatrian.]Clateryng,n.clattering,XVh4. [OE.clatrung.]Clause,n.clause (in grammar),XIVc11 (seeConstruwe). [Med.L.clausa, OFr.clause.]Cled,pp.clad;cled in Stafford blew, beaten black and blue,XVII200;seeBlew. [OE.clǣþan(rare).]Cleket,n.trigger,X82. [OFr.cliquet.]Clene,adj.clean,IVb6,V323, 325; unmixed,VIIIa299; pure,VII179,XIb295,XVi7; elegant,VII77; splendid,VII150 (oradv.). [OE.clǣne.]SeeClanly, Clense.Clen(e),Cleane,adv.entirely,VII150 (oradj.),XIVb77,c56, 80. [OE.clǣne.]Clengeȝ,3 sg. pres.clings,V10. [OE.*cléngan.]SeeClingge.Clense,v.to cleanse, clear out,IVa7,VIIIa98. [OE.clǣ̆nsian.]Clepe(n),Clepyn,v.to call (cry, summon, name),Iintrod.,II201,III12, 24,IX27,XIIa76,b16;Cleped,Clept,pp.II49,IX3,XIIa6, &c.;Ycleped,II52,III17, 32. [OE.cleopian.]Clere,adj.clear, bright, glorious, fair,II269, 358,V283,VII107, 123,XVI128, 389; free (from guilt),*XVI356 (MS. clene);adv.clearly,VII77;Clerlych,adv.clearly,XIIIa12. [OFr.cler.]Clerematyn,n.(?lit.'fine morning') appar. name of a fine flour, or bread made from it,VIIIa299. [? OFr.cler matin.]Clerk(e),n.one in holy orders, ecclesiastic (opp. to 'lay'), scholar, writer,II2,VII53,VIIIb56, 58,XIa36, 59,b55, 177,XVI283, &c.;Clerkus,pl.VIIIb65. [OE.cler(i)c; OFr.clerc.]Clete,n.cleat, small (wedge-shaped) piece of wood;ȝaf nouȝt a cl. of= cared not a rap for,XIVc54. [OE.*clēat; cf. OHG.chlōȥ, MDu.cloot.]Cleue,v.to split,V133. [OE.clēofan.]Clyff,n.cliff, rock,V10, 133. [OE.clif.]Clingge,v.XVa8;the clot him clingge, may the earth of the grave cling to him (orwaste him; cf.alþaȝ oure corses in clotteȝ clynge, Pearl 857);Yclongen,pp.withered,II508. [OE.clíngan, shrivel, shrink.]SeeClengeȝ.Clipte,pa. t. sg.clasped,XIIb62. [OE.clyppan.]Cloise.SeeClos.Cloistre,n.monastery,IIIintrod.,VIIIa141. [OFr.cloistre.]Cloke,n.cloak,VIIIa265. [OFr.cloque.]Clomben,pa. t. pl.climbed,V10. [OE.clímban; pa. t. pl.clúmbon.]Cloos,n.enclosure;in cloos, enclosed,IX191. [OFr.clos.]Clos,Cloise(oi = ō,cf.Coyll),adj.closed; secluded, forbidden,VII179; close,VI152 (man hit cl., make it secure);adv.(orpredic. adj.) close, near,VII137. [OFr.clos.]Close,v.to close, enclose,IX172,XIb39;Yclosed,pp.XIIIa24, 40. [From prec.]SeeEnclose.Clot,n.clod,XVa8 (seeClingge);Clottes,pl.lumps,XIIIa5. [OE.clott.]Cloþ,n.a cloth,XVf8; cloth,VIIIa14;Cloþes, &c.,pl.clothes,I165, 236,II408,VII175,VIIIb18,XIb257,XIIIa9, &c. [OEclāþ.]Cloþed,pp.clothed,VIIIb2. [OE. (late)clāþian.]Cloþe-merys,n. pl.? mare-clothers (? contemptuous reference to blacksmiths as fashioning pieces of horse-armour; for similar compoundseeBrenwaterys),XVh21. [Prec. + OE.mēre.]Cloude,n.1clod of earth;under cloude, in the ground,XVb31. [OE.clūd, mass of earth, or rock.]Cloud(e),Clowde,n.2cloud,VII107, 137,XIIa137. [Prob. same as prec.]Clout,n.piece of cloth,XVf8, 11. [OE.clūt.]Cloute,v.to patch;cloute more to, stick more on to it,XIb200;go cloute thi shone, go and cobble your shoes, 'run away and play',XVII353;Yclouted,pp.patched,VIIIa61. [OE.clūtian.]Clowe;clowe gylofres, cloves,IX157. [OFr.clou(nail)de girofle(gilofre).]Clustre,n.bunch,IX153, 160. [OE.cluster.]Cnistes.SeeKnyght(e).Cnowe.SeeKnowe.Coc,Cok,n.cock,XIIa77,XVg33. [OE.cocc.]Coffes,n. pl.mittens, gloves,VIIIa62. [Unknown;cf.Prompt. Parv., 'cuffe, glove or meteyne'.]Coyll,n.lit.cabbage; pottage, cabbage or vegetable soup,XVII389. [OE.cāl;oy=ō(see the rimes).]SeeKoleplantes.Coke,v.to put hay into cocks,VIIIb13. [From (obscure) ME.cocke, hay-cock; seeN.E.D.]Coker,n.a labourer (at haymaking or harvest),VIIIb13. [From prec.;cf.Cath. Angl., 'coker, autumnarius'.]Cokeres,n. pl.leggings,VIIIa62. [OE.cocor, quiver;cf.Prompt. Parv., 'cocur, cothurnus'.]Coket,n.very fine flour next in grade to the finest (wastell),VIIIa299. [Panis de coketoccurs in 14th c. legal Latin; connexion between this and AFr.cokkette, Anglo-L.coketa, cocket, seal of King's Customhouse, has been suggested, but not proved.]Cold(e),adj.cold,I119,VII115, &c.;Calde,IVa82. [OE.cáld.]Cold(e),n.cold,I163,IX31,XVf13;for colde of, to keep the cold from (seeFor,prep.),VIIIa62. [OE.cáld.]SeeChelde.Col(e),n.live coal,IVa13; coal,XVh5. [OE.col, live coal.]Coloppes,n. pl.'collops', eggs fried on bacon,VIIIa280. [SeeN.E.D., s.v.Collop, andCockney.]Colour,n.colour,IX34,XIIa55, &c.; outward appearance,XIb217. [OFr.colour.]Com,Come(n),Cum(X),v.to come,I80, 176,II137,V43,X45, 173,XVII241, &c.;Comest,2 sg.wilt come,XVg5;Commys,3 sg.XVII507;Cam,pa. t.I77,II153,VIIIa294, &c.;Com(e),I32,II91,III3,V107,VI222,VII83, &c.;pa. t. subj.(should come, &c.),VI214, 238,VIIIa108,X29,XVg30;Come(n),pp.I161,II29, 181,IX314, &c.;Comyn,VII40, 102;Comne,IVa23;Cumen,XIVb8, 87;Ycome(n),II203, 319, 404, 422, 478, 592. Withdat. refl. pron.in:foret hym com, forth came,XVg18;in him com ... gon, came (walking) in (cf. OE.cōm inn gān),XVg24;him com,III19.Comen of, descended from,II29. [OE.cuman,cōm,cumen.]Coma(u)nde,Comawnde,Commaund,v.to command,I105,VIIIa16,XIb66,XVi1,XVI341,XVII118, &c.; withto,XIb40; to commend,V343; to entrust, give,XIb222. [OFr.comander.]Com(m)aundement, &c.,n.commandment,IVb15,XIb63, 86, 226;gaf in comm., commanded,XVII32. [OFr.comandement.]SeeMaundement.Comenci(II),Comse(VIII),v.to begin,VIIIa34, 309;pres. subj.II247 (note to l. 57). [OFr.comencer.]SeeComessing.Comendacion,n.'Commendation of Souls', an office for the dead (made a part of daily office) which originally ended with the prayerTibi, Domine, commendamus,XIb132.Comessing,n.beginning,II57.SeeComenci.Comford, &c.SeeConforte,v.Comyng(e),n.coming, advent,XIIa35,XVI315, 363, &c.;hom comynge, homecoming,IX285.SeeCom.Comyn(s).SeeCom, Comun.Comly(ch),adj.fair, beautiful,V343,XVII71. [OE.cȳmlic, influ. in ME. by assoc. withbecomen.]Comlyng,n.stranger, foreigner,XIIIb45. [OE.cuma+-ling.]Commys.SeeCom.Commyxstion,n.intermingling,XIIIb12. [L.commixtiōnem.]Comne.SeeCom.Comounly,adv.usually,IX51; in common,IX60.SeeComun.Compayni,n.company,II462;Company(e),VII150,IX312, &c.;Cumpany(e),X147, &c.;in cumpanye, in the society of men,Iintrod.,IX288. [OFr.compai(g)nie.]Comparison,n.comparison;wiþoute comparison,XIb237. [OFr.comparaison,-eson.]Compelle,v.to compel,XIb51,XIIIb18. [OFr.compeller.]Compilet,pp.compiled, put together,VII53. [OFr.compiler.]Comprehended,pa. t. sg.comprised, embraced,IX300. [L.comprehendere.]Compunccion,n.repentance,XIb180. [OFr.compunction.]Comse.SeeComenci.Comun(e),adj.common (people),XIVb67; assb., the community,VIIIb20, 79;Comunes,Comyns,pl.the common people; the Commons (as an estate of the realm),XIVb67,c73; lay men,XIa39, 59. [OFr.comun; and direct from L.commūnis.]Con(en),Coneȝ.SeeCan,v.1andv.2Concyens,Conscience,n.conscience,IVb15,VIIIb87, &c.; (personified)VIIIb6, &c. [OFr.conscience.]Condicioun,n.nature, quality,XIIa120. [OFr.condicion.]Confederat,adj.allied,XIIIb5. [L.con-fœderātus.]Confesse,v.to confess,XIb143;confessed clene, made clean by confession,V323. [OFr.confesser.]Conforme,v.(refl.), to suit (oneself), make (oneself) suitable,XIIa184. [OFr.conformer.]Confort,Coumforde,n.support, comfort, consolation,VI9,VIIIb79,XIIa151. [OFr.con-,cunfort.]Conforte,Com-,v.to comfort, succour, support,IVa15,VIIIa214;Comford,pa. t. pl.VII173. [OFr.conforter.]Confusyun,n.putting to shame,I203. [OFr.confusion.]Congele,v.to congeal,IX64. [OFr.congeler.]Conig,n.rabbit,XIVb75. [OFr.conin,coning.]Conne,Conneþ, &c.SeeCan,v.1Connynge,n.intelligence,IVb56, 79. [Fromcunn-, old infin. stem of Can,v.1]Conquerour,n.conqueror,XIVc92. [OFr.conquerour.]Conquest,n.the (Norman) Conquest,XIIIb32. [OFr.conqueste.]Consaile(-sale,-seyl,-seille),Counsail(le), (-sayle,-sayll),n.counsel, deliberation, advice,II179,VIIIa309,X15,XIVb40, 43,XVI114, 163,XVII157; prudence,IVb56, 57, 61; council,VIIIa312,IX296, 298. [OFr.conseil,c(o)unseil, counsel, council.]Conseille,v.to advise,VIIIa14;Counsell,imper. sg.XVII472. [OFr.conseillier.]Consente,v.to agree;consented to o wyl, was agreed,I49. [OFr.consentir.]Consider,v.to reflect,XVII291. [OFr.considerer.]Constreyne,v.to force,VIIIb56,XIb248. [OFr.constreign-, stem ofconstreindre.]Construccion,n.construing,XIIIb28. [L.constructiōnem;seenext.]Constru(w)e,v.to construe, interpret,XIIIb18, 34;pres. subj. pl.inȝif ȝe c. wel þis clause, if you see the point of what I say,XIVc11. [L.construere.]Conteyne,v.to contain,IX337,XIIIa20. [OFr.contenir,conteign-, stem of subj.]Contemplacio(u)n,Contemplacyone,n.contemplation (of God),IVb51,XIb11, 308. [OFr.contemplacion.]Contemplatyf,-if,adj.contemplative, devoted to prayer and contemplation of God,VIIIa245,XIb1, 8, &c. [OFr.contemplatif.]Continue,v.to persevere,VIIIb40, 110. [OFr.continuer.]Contynuell,adj.continual,IX32. [OFr.continuel.]Contray(XIII),Contré,-ee,-ey, (IX),Countré(XVII),Cuntray(II),Cuntré(I),Cuntrey(XI),n.country, land, region,I253,II351,IX4, 9, 26, 134, 138,XIa35,XIIIa41,b63,XVII487 (seeSere), &c., asadj.incontray longage, language of the land,XIIIb13. [OFr.contrée,c(o)untrée.]Contrarie(to),adj.opposed (to),XIb54. [OFr.contrarie.]Contrefetes,n. pl.imitations,IX117. [OFr.contrefet, pp., made like.]SeeCounterfete,v.Cop,n.top,XIIIa45. [OE.copp.]Cope,n.long cloak,XIIa53;esp.the out-door cloak of an ecclesiastic,VIIIa182. [OE.*cāpe, from Med.L.cāpa.]Cope,v.to provide with 'copes',VIIIa141. [From prec.]Copuls,3 sg. pres.links,IVa12;Coppled,pp.linked (in rime), Introduction xv;seeKowe. [OFr.copler.]SeeCouple,n.Corage,n.heart,XIIa11; gallantry,XIVc108. [OFr.corage.]Corde,n.cord,XIIb53, 60, &c. [OFr.corde.]Corde(n),v.;corden into on, agree together,XVi6. [Shortened from Acorde,q.v.]Cormerant,n.cormorant,II310. [OFr.cormoran.]Coround(e),pa. t.crowned,VI55;pp.II593,VI120. [OFr.corouner.]SeeCrouned(e).Corouneȝ,n. pl.crowns,VI91. [OFr.coroune.]SeeCroun(e).Corsed(est).SeeCurse.Corseynt,n.shrine of a saint,I239. [OFr.cors saint, holy body.]Cortays(e),Curteys(II),adj.gracious,II28,VI73; assb., gracious lady,V343. [OFr.corteis,curteis.]SeeKort.Cortaysye,Cortaysé,Courtaysye,n.courtesy, grace,VI72, 84, 96, 109, 121 (of cortaysyeprob. only equivalent tocortayse,adj.);of courtaysye,by cortaysye, &c. by especial favour,VI97, 108, 120. [OFr.corteisie,curteisie.]Cortaysly,Curteisly,-lich,adv.courteously,VI21,VIIIa34, 157.SeeCortays.Cosseȝ,Cosses,n. pl.kisses,V283, 292. [OE.coss.]SeeKysse.Cost,n.1border,IX192;Costes,pl.coasts, regions,VII83, 146. [OFr.coste]Cost,n.2expenditure, cost,XIb169; ? means (to meet expense),XIb141. [OFr.cost.]Costen(in),v.to expend (on),XIb234. [OFr.coster.]Costes,n. pl.manners, disposition,V292. [OE. (Nth.)costfrom ON.kost-r.]Costy,adj.costly,XIb228, 234. [From Cost,n.2]Cote,n.1cot, mean dwelling,II489,VIIIb2. [OE.cot.]Cote,n.2coat; here a tunic (cf.'waistcoat') worn beneath the outer gown,XVII262. [OFr.cote.]Coth,n.pestilence,XVII417. [OE.coþu.]Cou,Cow,n.cow,III49, 52, 54,VIIIa282;pl.Ken,III56;Kyȝn,IX256;Kyn(e),VIIIa134,b18. [OE.cū; pl.cȳ(Kt.*cē).]Couaytyng,Coueytynge,n.coveting,IX90; object of coveting (cf.louyng, &c.),IVa23. [From OFr.coveit(i)er.]Couaytise(III),Coueitise(XI),Couetyse(V),Coueteis(XVII),n.covetousness, avarice,III22,V306, 312,XIb55, 256,XVII52. [OFr.coveitise.]Couche,n.bed,XIIa89. [OFr.couche.]Coude.SeeCan,v.Coueyne,n.band (of conspirators),I41. [OFr.cov(a)ine.]Coueitous,adj.covetous,XIb196. [OFr.coveitous.]Couenable,adj.suitable,XIIIa20. [OFr.covenable.]Covenant,Couenaunde,-aunt,n.covenant, agreement,V260, 272,VI202, 203,VIIIa153,XIIb41, 96, 199;pl.terms of the agreement,V174;in c. þat, on condition that,VIIIa28. [OFr.covenant.]Coueryng,n.covering,I177, 184. [From OFr.co(u)vrir.]Coumforde;Counsail(le), &c.SeeConfort; Consaile (-seille).Counted,pa. t.reckoned on (orheeded),VII115;counted nouȝt a bene beo, gave not a bean for,XIVc43. [OFr.cunter.]Counterfete,v.to imitate (fraudulently),IX114; to resemble,VI196 (bad connotation often absent in this use, but possibly here present—'make them unjustly resemble us'). [Formed from ME.counterfete, imitated, OFr.contrefet.]SeeContrefetes.Countes,n.countess,VI129. [OFr.cuntesse.]Countré.SeeContray.Countre note,n.counterpoint, a melody added as an accompaniment to another,XIb137 (note). [OFr.countre+note.]Couple,n.match, pair,II458 (note);Copple, couplet (in verse), Introduction xxxiii. [OFr.couple.]Cours(e),n.course,VII102,XIIIa61, &c.;cours ... about, circuit,X157; flow,VII123; force, rushing,VII115;by course, in due order,VII73. [OFr.cours.]Court(aysye).SeeCortaysye, Kort.Courtpies,n. pl.short jackets,VIIIa182. [Current in 14th and 15th centuries; cf. MDu.korte pie, short coat of coarse woollen stuff.]Couþe,Couthe.SeeCan,v.Couwee,adj.tailed, in(ryme) couwee, rime in pairs followed by a shorter line, or 'tail', tailrime, Introduction xv. [OFr.rime couée.]SeeKowe.Cowardise,Coward(d)yse,n.cowardice,V205, 306, 311. [OFr.couardise.]SeeKowarde.Cowth,Cowþe(ȝ).SeeCan,v.Crache,v.to scratch,II80. [Obscure; cf. MDu., MLG.kratsen.]Cradel,n.cradle,XIIIb22,XVf4. [OE.cradol.]Craft(e),n.craft; industry,VIIIb20; knowledge, into ken all the cr., to know the whole story,VII25. [OE.cræft.]Crafty,adj.skilled in a craft,VIIIa70. [OE.cræftig.]Cragge,n.crag,V115, 153. [Obscure.]Crak,v.to crack,XIVa10;Crakked,pp.XIVa11. [OE.cracian, to crack (sound).]Craue,Crafe(XVII),v.to demand,VIIIa86; to plead for,XVII174;craue aftir, ask for,XVI242. [OE.crafian, demand.]Creatoure,Creatur,n.creature,XVi4,XVII78. [OFr.creature.]Crede,n.the Creed,VI125;sall ken ȝow ȝowre crede= will teach you what you ought to know, a lesson,XIVb4. [OE.crēda, from L.crēdo, I believe (cf.VIIIa83).]Credence,n.credence,IX303. [OFr.credence.]Creem,n.cream,VIIIa277. [OFr.cresme.]Cren,n.crane (machine),X16, 28. [OE.cran(bird); the above are the earliest recorded instances of the transferred sense.]Crepe,v.to creep,XIIb173. [OE.crēopan.]Creuisse,n.fissure,V115. [OFr.crevasse.]Cri(e),Cry,n.lamentation,II114, 220;held in o cri, lamented in the same strain,II95; shouting, clamour,II285,XVh4; a cry, appeal,II511 (seeSette). [OFr.cri.]Crie(n),Crye(n),Cry,v.to cry out (shout, call, lament), proclaim,XIb48,XIIa76, 140,XVI186, 363,XVII384, &c.;pres. subj.XVI141;Crid(e),pa. t.II78,XIIb31, 69;Cryit,X86;Criand,-ende,pres. p.XVI73,XIIb16.Cryen after, shout for,XVh5;crie on, appeal to,XVI107;cry me mercy, cry to me for mercy,XVII384 (the earliest recorded sense in E.). [OFr.crier.]Criere,n.crier, herald,XIb48. [OFr.crier.]Criing,Criyng(e),n.(loud) shouting,XIb133, 249;at o criing, with one voice,II581 (cf.at one cri, Havelok 2773); lamentation,II195. [From Crie(n).]Cristal(l),n.crystal,II358,IX32, 103, &c. [OFr.cristal.]Crystemesse,n.Christmas,I29. [OE.crī̆stmesse.]Cristen(e),Crystene,Crystyn(I),Krysten(VI),adj.Christian,Iintrod., 82,VI101,IX211,XIa37, &c.; assb. pl.VIIIa89. [OE.crī̆sten.]Cristendom,-dam,n.Christian lands,IX214,XIVc19. [OE.crī̆sten-dōm, Christianity.]Croft,n.small field,VIIIa33, 285,b17. [OE.croft.]Croppeth,3 pl. pres.nibble,VIIIa33. [ON.kroppa.]Crouders,n. pl.fiddlers,II522. [From ME.croud,crouþ(Welshcrwth), fiddle.]Croun(e),Crowne,n.crown,II235, 415,VI67, &c.; crown of the head,XIVa10, 11. [OFr.coroune; cf. ON.krúna. In the sense 'crown of head' only thecr-forms appear.]SeeCorouneȝ.Crouned(e),pp.tonsured, admitted to holy orders,VIIIb58, 62, 67. [OFr.corouner.]Seeprec. (which also in ME. had sense 'tonsure'), and Corounde, Vncrouned.Crowe,n.a crow,XIIa75. [OE.crāwe.]Crowe,v.to crow,XVg33 (with pleonastic reflex. pron.); to announce by crowing,XIIa77. [OE.crāwan.]Cruddes,n. pl.curds,VIIIa277. [Obscure.]Cruell,adj.cruel,IX237. [OFr.cruel.]Cubite, (Cubettis,pl.),n.cubit (Biblical length measure = ell),XVII124, 136, 258, 261, 443. [OE.cubit, L.cubitus.]Cultur,n.coulter, iron blade fixed in front of the share in a plough,VIIIa98. [OE. (from L.)culter.]Cum,Cumen.SeeCom.Cumbrit,pp.hampered,VII183. [OFr.(en)combrer.]Cunesmen,n. pl.kinsfolk,XVg6. [OE.cynnes, gen. +mann.]Cunne(s).SeeCan, Kyn.Cuntek,n.contest;yn cuntek, vying with one another,I31. [OFr. (only AFr.)contek, of unknown origin.]Cuntenaunce,n.bearing,II293. [OFr.cuntenance.]Cuntray,-é,-ey.SeeContray.Cuppes,n.cups,IX256. [OE.cuppe.]Curse,v.to curse,I98, 130, &c.;Corsed,Cursed,pp.andadj.V128, 306,IX85, &c.;cursed shrewe,VII183,VIIIa153. [OE. (late)cū̆rsian, from OIr.cúrsagim.]Cursyng,n.cursing,I128, 154, 261. [OE. (late)cū̆rsung.]Curteis,-eys.SeeCortays.Custome,n.custom,IX292,XIb204, 206. [OFr.custume.]
Caas.SeeCas(e).
Cagge(n),v.to tie up,VI152. [Not known; only allit.]
Cayre,v.to ride,V52. [ON.keyra.]
Calabre,n.calaber (a squirrel fur),VIIIa265. [OFr.Calabre, Calabria.]
Calde.SeeColde.
Call(e),v.to call (cry, summon, name),I32,IVb47,VI182,X70,XVI126,XVII432, &c.;subj. sg.XVI141;Cald,pp.named,VII70,XVII513. [OE. (late)ceallian, from ON.kalla.]
Cam.SeeCom.
Cammede,adj.XVh5; ? snub-nosed (cf.Reeve's Tale, 14); ? crooked (fits context better, but see etym.). [Cf. OFr., ME.camus, snub-nosed;cammed, bent (from Welshcam), is not else recorded till later.]
Can,v.1I know, know how to, can.Pres. ind. 1, 3 sg.Can,II22, 437,XIIIb38 (knows), &c.;Con,V70, 215,XVc26;Kan(ne),I45,IVa11, 90,XVI74;2 sg.Can(ne),XVI100,XVII229;Canstow(seeÞou),VIIIb12;pl.Can,IX208;Con,VI21;Conen, know,IX185, 208;Conne,VI161;Conneþ,VIIIa116,XIIIa17,b22, 38 (know);Cunne,XIVc101;Kan(e),IVb21, 41, 44, 86;Konne,VIIIa70;Kunnen,XIb153 (know), 275;pres. subj.Conne,VIIIa143;Kun(ne),XIVb90,VIIIa250;pa. t.Couþe,Cowþe,Iintrod.,V115, 205,XIIintrod.,b200, &c.;cowþeȝ(2 sg.) with double constr.,VI124 (note);pa. t. subj.could, might (have),Coude,XIb271,XVII286;Couþe,V276, 353;Cowth,XVII473.Can no other red,XIIb102,seeRed;how I can of, what I can do in the way of,XVII250. It is sometimes difficult to distinguish this verb from the next (e.g.atV205,VI139,XVII468). [OE.can,con;cūþe.]
Can,Con,v.2auxil.used with infin. as equivalent of simple pa. t. (con calle= called,V144), and also, by confusion with prec., of a present (con dresse= brings about,VI135);1, 3 sg.Con,V167, 227,VI51, 77, 93, 181, 221, 223, &c.;2 sg.Coneȝ,VI122;pl.Can,X50, 66, 108, 112;Con,VI149, 191;pa. t.did, ?V205 (seeprec.). [Due to confusion in form, and partly also in sense, between Gan (q.v.) and prec.; cf.begouth(s.v.Begynne).]
Canell,n.cinnamon,IX158. [OFr.canelle.]
Caple,n.horse,V107. [Cf. ON.kapall; seeN.E.D.]
Cardinales,n. pl.cardinals,XIVb40, 41. [OFr.cardinal.]
Care,Kare,n.woe, misery,IVa18, 44, 60,V316,VI11, &c.;care (of), anxiety (concerning),V311. [OE.caru.]
Care,v.to have sorrow,XIVb1. [OE.carian.]
Carie,v.to carry,XIIb27. [ONFr.carier.]
Caroigne,Caryon,n.dead body, carrion,VIIIa85,XVII502. [ONFr.caroigne; the phonology of the second form is obscure.]
Carp,v.to converse,VI21; prate,XVII360. [ON.karpa, brag.]
Carpyng,n.narration,Xintrod.[From prec.]
Cart,n.cart,VIIIb13,XVII534;v.to cart,VIIIb66;Cartere,n.carter (as a name),XIVd3;Cart-mare,n.draught-mare,VIIIa282. [ON.kart-r, OE.cræt.]
Cas,Case,n.chance, general run of events, circumstances, plight,II175,III20,VII25, 73,XIIa49,b194, &c.;Caas,pl.XIIIb40;in cas, it may be,XI101, 105, 216;per cas, by chance,XIIa7,b4. [OFr.cas.]
Cast(e),v.;Cast(e),pa. t.V249,XIIb70, &c.;Kest,V207;Casten,pp.IVa60;Icast,XIVc79;Kast,I143;Kest,V174; to cast, throw, put,I143,IVb3,VIIIa61,X33,XIIb103, &c.; (in charity),VIIIa16; to cast off,XVII262;icast out, abandoned,XIVc79; to offer, propose,V174, 207; to scheme,XIb306. [ON.kasta; foreforms beforestcf. Morsbach,ME. Gram.§ 87, n. 2.]SeeKest,n.; Vpcaste.
Castel(l),n.castle,II159,X173,XVII349, 538; a tower or raised structure on the deck of a ship (seeTopcastell),XVII272. [OE. (late)castelfrom ONFr.castel.]
Catel,Catayll,Catall,n. sg. collect., goods, property,VIIIa86, 141, 214,XIVc75,XVI242,XVII156 (cattle), 326. [ONFr.catel.]
Cateractes,n. pl.flood-gates,XVII343, 451 (seeGenesis, vii. 11, viii. 2; Vulgatecataractæ, sluices).
Caue,n.cave,V114,XIIa65. [OFr.cave.]
Cause(of),n.cause, reason (of),XIa17, 54,XIIIb66,XIVc9;cause þerto, cause for it,XVII102; cause, side in a quarrel, &c.,IX82,XIa50. [OFr.cause.]
Cawht.SeeKache.
Cerched.SeeSerche.
Certayn(e),Certeyn(e),Sarteyn(e)(XVI),adj.certain, sure; fixed, definite,XIb113,XVI225; some particular,IX268;come to no certeyn, came to nothing,I179;nouȝt of certeyne, no definite rule,VIIIa145;adv.assuredly, indeed,I231,XVI94,XVII176, &c. [OFr.certain.]
Certes,Certis,adv.certainly, truly,VIIIb22,X134,XIb42, 293. [OFr.certes.]
Cesse,Sesse,v.to cease, leave off, come to an end,VIIIa172,XIb205,XVI44, 294;Cest,pp.XVII451;Cessynge,n.ceasing,XIb85. [OFr.cesser.]
Chace,n.quarry (in hunting),XIIb7. [OFr.chace.]
Chace(n), to pursue, drive,IX167, 229;chace of, drive, oust from,VI83. [OFr.chacier.]
Chaffare,v.to engage in trade,VIIIa235,b98. [From ME.chapfare,chaffare, n.;seeChapuare.]
Chayngede.SeeChaunge.
Chambre(s).SeeChaumber.
Chanel,n.channel, river-bed,XIIIa57. [OFr.chanel.]Cf.Kanel.
Chapel(le),n.chapel, private oratory (attached to a castle, &c.),V35, 118, &c.;Schapellis,pl.XIb234. [OFr.chapelle.]
Chapelleyn,Chaplayn,n.chaplain (a priest serving a 'chapel';seeprec.),VIIIa12,V39. [OFr.chapelain.]
Chapman,n.merchant,XIIb179. [OE.cēap-man.]
Chapuare,n.trading, bargain,III60. [OE.cēap+faru; cf. ON.kaup-för.]SeeChaffare,v.
Charde,pa. t. sg.turned back, ceased to flow,VI248. [OE.cerran.]
Charge,n.burden; weight,IVb48;a þing of charge, a weighty, important matter,XIVc52. [OFr.charge.]Seenext.
Charge(n),v.to burden,IVb51;charge(n) with, to burden with, to impose as an obligation,XIb150, 198, 199, &c.; to enjoin, order (a person),XIb15, 31, 71, 120, 193; to attach weight, importance, to,XIb104, 106, 184, 188, 225. [OFr.charger.]
Charious,adj.burdensome,XIb204. [OFr.chargeous,charjous.]
Charité,Charyté,n.charity, christian love (for God or one's fellows),IVb15,VI110,XIb25, &c.;out of ch., not in a state of ch.,XIb26, 89;I will kepe ch., I will not lose my temper,XVII235;par charité,for ch.,for of saynte ch., (formulæ used in prayers, or requests), in the name of (holy) charity,VIIIa250,XVd5,XVII165, 174;amen for ch., a formula of conclusion,XVII558. [OFr.charité;(de) par (sainte) charité.]
Charke,v.to creak,XIIa70. [OE.cearcian.]
Charnel,n.cemetery,VIIIa50. [OFr.charnel.]
Chaste,v.to rebuke, punish,VIIIa53, 318. [OFr.chastier.]
Chastice,Chastis(e),Chastyse,v.to punish, chastise, curb,XIVc70,d5,XVII398, 403. [OFr. (rare)chastiser.]
Chaud(e),adj.hot,VIIIa306; (Fr. word indicating affectation of manners above labourers' station.)
Chaumber,Chambre(XVII),n.room (usually a smaller private room or bedroom),II100, 196, 584,XVII129, 281 (seeChes, and note), &c. [OFr.chambre.]
Chaunce,Chance,n.chance, fortune, adventure, event,I22, 25, 28, 135, 221,V331,VII16;for ch. þat may falle, whatever may happen,V64;he cheueȝ þat chaunce, he contrives that event, brings it to pass,V35;per chance,XIIb18, 57. [OFr.ch(e)ance.]
Chaunge,Change,v.to alter, change,trans.andintr.,IVa2, 42,XIIa125,XIIIa4, 56,XVa22, &c.;Chayngede,pa. t.XIIIb28;Ychaunged,pp.VIIIb85,XIIIb27.Chaunged his cher,V101,seeChere. [OFr.changier;chaingier.]
Chaungyng,n.vicissitudes,VII16;ch. of wit, alteration of sense, mistranslation,XIa47.
Chees.SeeChese,v.
Cheyne,n.chain,X31. [OFr.chaine.]
Chekes,n. pl.cheeks,VIIIa169;maugré Medes (thi) chekes, in Meed's (thy) despite,VIIIa41, 151;seeMaugré. [OE.cēace,cēce.]
Chekke,n.ill-luck,V127. [OFr.eschec, checkmate.]
Chelde,adj.cold,XVe16. [OE. (WS.)céald.]SeeColde.
Chenes,n. pl.fissures,XIIIa8. [OE.cine,cion-.]
Chepynge,n.market,VIIIa294. [OE.cēping.]
Cher(e),Chiere(XII),n.face,XVc15; looks,XIIa120; demeanour,VI47;mery chere, gladness,XVII463.Chaunged his cher,V101; ? altered the direction in which he faced, turned this way and that (cf.Sir Gaw., 711); but the phrase elsewhere always refers to colour or expression of face. [OFr.chiere,chere.]
Cherche,Chirche,Churche,n.church, Church,I3, 21,VIIIa12, 50,b12, 63 (note),XIa62,b178, &c. [OE.cirice,circe.]SeeKirke.
Chercheȝerd,n.churchyard,I3, 66, 263;Cherche porche, church porch,I77. [Prec. + OE.géard; OFr.porche.]
Cherles.SeeChorle.
Cheruelles,n. pl.chervils (a garden pot-herb),VIIIa289. [OE.cerfille.]
Ches,Chese(MS. chefe),n.inthre ches(e), three tiers or rows of,XVII129, 281 (followed by sg. noun). [Perhaps a use of ME.ches, chess, as 'rows of squares' (OFr.eschez, pl. ofeschec,seeChekke).]
Chese,v.to choose;chese ȝou, choose (for) yourselves,II217;Chees,Ches,pa. t. sg.XIb56,XIIa110; for past pple.seeYcore. [OE.cēosan.]
Cheses,n. pl.cheeses,VIIIa276. [OE.cēse.]
Chesible,n.chasuble (the outer vestment of a priest when celebrating Mass),VIIIa12. [OFr.chesible.]
Chesouns,n. pl.reasons,XIa50. [Shortened from OFr.ache(i)son;seeEnchesone.]
Cheualrous,adj.chivalrous,V331. [OFr.chevalerous.]SeeChiualrye.
Cheue,v.(to acquire), control, bring about;cheueȝ þat chaunce, brings that event to pass,V35;Cheuyt,pp.brought about,VII16. [OFr.cheverandachever.]SeeAcheue.
Cheuentayn,n.chieftain, Lord,VI245. [OFr.chevetaine.]
Chibolles,n. pl.chibols, a variety of small onion,VIIIa289. [ONFr.*chiboule, OFr.ciboule.]
Chyche,n.niggard,VI245. [OFr.chiche, adj.]
Chyde,v. intr.to complain, find fault,VI43,VIIIa307, 314. [OE.cīdan.]
Chiere.SeeCher(e).
Child,Chylde,n.child,III39,IVa73, &c.,child hys, child's,XIIIb23;Childer,Chylder,pl.XVII327, 527;Childern,Chyldern,XIIIb16, 33, 37, &c.;Children,VIIIa91, &c. [OE.cíld;cildru, pl.]
Child-bedde,n.;on child-bedde, in travail,II399. [OE.cíld+bedd.]
Chillyng,n.becoming cold, infor chillyng of here mawe, to prevent their stomachs getting cold,VIIIa306. [OE.cilian; but seeN.E.D.]
Chirche.SeeCherche.
Chiries,n. pl.cherries,VIIIa289. [ONFr.cherise, sg.; cf. OE.cires-bēam.]
Chyteryng,n.chattering,XIIIb14. [Echoic.]
Chiualrye,n.knighthood, the knights as a body,XIVc42. [OFr.chev-,chivalerie.]SeeCheualrous.
Chorle,n.common man,V39;Cherles,pl.VIIIa50. [OE.céorl.]
Cité,Cyté,Cytee,Citie,Sité,n.city,II48, 479,VII66, 85,VIIIb94,IX23,XIIIb67, &c. [OFr.cité.]
Cytryne,adj.lemon-yellow,IX115. [OFr.citrin.]
Clanly,adv.elegantly,VII53. [OE.clǣ̆n-līce.]SeeClene.
Clatere,v.to clatter, resound,V133,VII137. [OE.clatrian.]
Clateryng,n.clattering,XVh4. [OE.clatrung.]
Clause,n.clause (in grammar),XIVc11 (seeConstruwe). [Med.L.clausa, OFr.clause.]
Cled,pp.clad;cled in Stafford blew, beaten black and blue,XVII200;seeBlew. [OE.clǣþan(rare).]
Cleket,n.trigger,X82. [OFr.cliquet.]
Clene,adj.clean,IVb6,V323, 325; unmixed,VIIIa299; pure,VII179,XIb295,XVi7; elegant,VII77; splendid,VII150 (oradv.). [OE.clǣne.]SeeClanly, Clense.
Clen(e),Cleane,adv.entirely,VII150 (oradj.),XIVb77,c56, 80. [OE.clǣne.]
Clengeȝ,3 sg. pres.clings,V10. [OE.*cléngan.]SeeClingge.
Clense,v.to cleanse, clear out,IVa7,VIIIa98. [OE.clǣ̆nsian.]
Clepe(n),Clepyn,v.to call (cry, summon, name),Iintrod.,II201,III12, 24,IX27,XIIa76,b16;Cleped,Clept,pp.II49,IX3,XIIa6, &c.;Ycleped,II52,III17, 32. [OE.cleopian.]
Clere,adj.clear, bright, glorious, fair,II269, 358,V283,VII107, 123,XVI128, 389; free (from guilt),*XVI356 (MS. clene);adv.clearly,VII77;Clerlych,adv.clearly,XIIIa12. [OFr.cler.]
Clerematyn,n.(?lit.'fine morning') appar. name of a fine flour, or bread made from it,VIIIa299. [? OFr.cler matin.]
Clerk(e),n.one in holy orders, ecclesiastic (opp. to 'lay'), scholar, writer,II2,VII53,VIIIb56, 58,XIa36, 59,b55, 177,XVI283, &c.;Clerkus,pl.VIIIb65. [OE.cler(i)c; OFr.clerc.]
Clete,n.cleat, small (wedge-shaped) piece of wood;ȝaf nouȝt a cl. of= cared not a rap for,XIVc54. [OE.*clēat; cf. OHG.chlōȥ, MDu.cloot.]
Cleue,v.to split,V133. [OE.clēofan.]
Clyff,n.cliff, rock,V10, 133. [OE.clif.]
Clingge,v.XVa8;the clot him clingge, may the earth of the grave cling to him (orwaste him; cf.alþaȝ oure corses in clotteȝ clynge, Pearl 857);Yclongen,pp.withered,II508. [OE.clíngan, shrivel, shrink.]SeeClengeȝ.
Clipte,pa. t. sg.clasped,XIIb62. [OE.clyppan.]
Cloise.SeeClos.
Cloistre,n.monastery,IIIintrod.,VIIIa141. [OFr.cloistre.]
Cloke,n.cloak,VIIIa265. [OFr.cloque.]
Clomben,pa. t. pl.climbed,V10. [OE.clímban; pa. t. pl.clúmbon.]
Cloos,n.enclosure;in cloos, enclosed,IX191. [OFr.clos.]
Clos,Cloise(oi = ō,cf.Coyll),adj.closed; secluded, forbidden,VII179; close,VI152 (man hit cl., make it secure);adv.(orpredic. adj.) close, near,VII137. [OFr.clos.]
Close,v.to close, enclose,IX172,XIb39;Yclosed,pp.XIIIa24, 40. [From prec.]SeeEnclose.
Clot,n.clod,XVa8 (seeClingge);Clottes,pl.lumps,XIIIa5. [OE.clott.]
Cloþ,n.a cloth,XVf8; cloth,VIIIa14;Cloþes, &c.,pl.clothes,I165, 236,II408,VII175,VIIIb18,XIb257,XIIIa9, &c. [OEclāþ.]
Cloþed,pp.clothed,VIIIb2. [OE. (late)clāþian.]
Cloþe-merys,n. pl.? mare-clothers (? contemptuous reference to blacksmiths as fashioning pieces of horse-armour; for similar compoundseeBrenwaterys),XVh21. [Prec. + OE.mēre.]
Cloude,n.1clod of earth;under cloude, in the ground,XVb31. [OE.clūd, mass of earth, or rock.]
Cloud(e),Clowde,n.2cloud,VII107, 137,XIIa137. [Prob. same as prec.]
Clout,n.piece of cloth,XVf8, 11. [OE.clūt.]
Cloute,v.to patch;cloute more to, stick more on to it,XIb200;go cloute thi shone, go and cobble your shoes, 'run away and play',XVII353;Yclouted,pp.patched,VIIIa61. [OE.clūtian.]
Clowe;clowe gylofres, cloves,IX157. [OFr.clou(nail)de girofle(gilofre).]
Clustre,n.bunch,IX153, 160. [OE.cluster.]
Cnistes.SeeKnyght(e).
Cnowe.SeeKnowe.
Coc,Cok,n.cock,XIIa77,XVg33. [OE.cocc.]
Coffes,n. pl.mittens, gloves,VIIIa62. [Unknown;cf.Prompt. Parv., 'cuffe, glove or meteyne'.]
Coyll,n.lit.cabbage; pottage, cabbage or vegetable soup,XVII389. [OE.cāl;oy=ō(see the rimes).]SeeKoleplantes.
Coke,v.to put hay into cocks,VIIIb13. [From (obscure) ME.cocke, hay-cock; seeN.E.D.]
Coker,n.a labourer (at haymaking or harvest),VIIIb13. [From prec.;cf.Cath. Angl., 'coker, autumnarius'.]
Cokeres,n. pl.leggings,VIIIa62. [OE.cocor, quiver;cf.Prompt. Parv., 'cocur, cothurnus'.]
Coket,n.very fine flour next in grade to the finest (wastell),VIIIa299. [Panis de coketoccurs in 14th c. legal Latin; connexion between this and AFr.cokkette, Anglo-L.coketa, cocket, seal of King's Customhouse, has been suggested, but not proved.]
Cold(e),adj.cold,I119,VII115, &c.;Calde,IVa82. [OE.cáld.]
Cold(e),n.cold,I163,IX31,XVf13;for colde of, to keep the cold from (seeFor,prep.),VIIIa62. [OE.cáld.]SeeChelde.
Col(e),n.live coal,IVa13; coal,XVh5. [OE.col, live coal.]
Coloppes,n. pl.'collops', eggs fried on bacon,VIIIa280. [SeeN.E.D., s.v.Collop, andCockney.]
Colour,n.colour,IX34,XIIa55, &c.; outward appearance,XIb217. [OFr.colour.]
Com,Come(n),Cum(X),v.to come,I80, 176,II137,V43,X45, 173,XVII241, &c.;Comest,2 sg.wilt come,XVg5;Commys,3 sg.XVII507;Cam,pa. t.I77,II153,VIIIa294, &c.;Com(e),I32,II91,III3,V107,VI222,VII83, &c.;pa. t. subj.(should come, &c.),VI214, 238,VIIIa108,X29,XVg30;Come(n),pp.I161,II29, 181,IX314, &c.;Comyn,VII40, 102;Comne,IVa23;Cumen,XIVb8, 87;Ycome(n),II203, 319, 404, 422, 478, 592. Withdat. refl. pron.in:foret hym com, forth came,XVg18;in him com ... gon, came (walking) in (cf. OE.cōm inn gān),XVg24;him com,III19.Comen of, descended from,II29. [OE.cuman,cōm,cumen.]
Coma(u)nde,Comawnde,Commaund,v.to command,I105,VIIIa16,XIb66,XVi1,XVI341,XVII118, &c.; withto,XIb40; to commend,V343; to entrust, give,XIb222. [OFr.comander.]
Com(m)aundement, &c.,n.commandment,IVb15,XIb63, 86, 226;gaf in comm., commanded,XVII32. [OFr.comandement.]SeeMaundement.
Comenci(II),Comse(VIII),v.to begin,VIIIa34, 309;pres. subj.II247 (note to l. 57). [OFr.comencer.]SeeComessing.
Comendacion,n.'Commendation of Souls', an office for the dead (made a part of daily office) which originally ended with the prayerTibi, Domine, commendamus,XIb132.
Comessing,n.beginning,II57.SeeComenci.
Comford, &c.SeeConforte,v.
Comyng(e),n.coming, advent,XIIa35,XVI315, 363, &c.;hom comynge, homecoming,IX285.SeeCom.
Comyn(s).SeeCom, Comun.
Comly(ch),adj.fair, beautiful,V343,XVII71. [OE.cȳmlic, influ. in ME. by assoc. withbecomen.]
Comlyng,n.stranger, foreigner,XIIIb45. [OE.cuma+-ling.]
Commys.SeeCom.
Commyxstion,n.intermingling,XIIIb12. [L.commixtiōnem.]
Comne.SeeCom.
Comounly,adv.usually,IX51; in common,IX60.SeeComun.
Compayni,n.company,II462;Company(e),VII150,IX312, &c.;Cumpany(e),X147, &c.;in cumpanye, in the society of men,Iintrod.,IX288. [OFr.compai(g)nie.]
Comparison,n.comparison;wiþoute comparison,XIb237. [OFr.comparaison,-eson.]
Compelle,v.to compel,XIb51,XIIIb18. [OFr.compeller.]
Compilet,pp.compiled, put together,VII53. [OFr.compiler.]
Comprehended,pa. t. sg.comprised, embraced,IX300. [L.comprehendere.]
Compunccion,n.repentance,XIb180. [OFr.compunction.]
Comse.SeeComenci.
Comun(e),adj.common (people),XIVb67; assb., the community,VIIIb20, 79;Comunes,Comyns,pl.the common people; the Commons (as an estate of the realm),XIVb67,c73; lay men,XIa39, 59. [OFr.comun; and direct from L.commūnis.]
Con(en),Coneȝ.SeeCan,v.1andv.2
Concyens,Conscience,n.conscience,IVb15,VIIIb87, &c.; (personified)VIIIb6, &c. [OFr.conscience.]
Condicioun,n.nature, quality,XIIa120. [OFr.condicion.]
Confederat,adj.allied,XIIIb5. [L.con-fœderātus.]
Confesse,v.to confess,XIb143;confessed clene, made clean by confession,V323. [OFr.confesser.]
Conforme,v.(refl.), to suit (oneself), make (oneself) suitable,XIIa184. [OFr.conformer.]
Confort,Coumforde,n.support, comfort, consolation,VI9,VIIIb79,XIIa151. [OFr.con-,cunfort.]
Conforte,Com-,v.to comfort, succour, support,IVa15,VIIIa214;Comford,pa. t. pl.VII173. [OFr.conforter.]
Confusyun,n.putting to shame,I203. [OFr.confusion.]
Congele,v.to congeal,IX64. [OFr.congeler.]
Conig,n.rabbit,XIVb75. [OFr.conin,coning.]
Conne,Conneþ, &c.SeeCan,v.1
Connynge,n.intelligence,IVb56, 79. [Fromcunn-, old infin. stem of Can,v.1]
Conquerour,n.conqueror,XIVc92. [OFr.conquerour.]
Conquest,n.the (Norman) Conquest,XIIIb32. [OFr.conqueste.]
Consaile(-sale,-seyl,-seille),Counsail(le), (-sayle,-sayll),n.counsel, deliberation, advice,II179,VIIIa309,X15,XIVb40, 43,XVI114, 163,XVII157; prudence,IVb56, 57, 61; council,VIIIa312,IX296, 298. [OFr.conseil,c(o)unseil, counsel, council.]
Conseille,v.to advise,VIIIa14;Counsell,imper. sg.XVII472. [OFr.conseillier.]
Consente,v.to agree;consented to o wyl, was agreed,I49. [OFr.consentir.]
Consider,v.to reflect,XVII291. [OFr.considerer.]
Constreyne,v.to force,VIIIb56,XIb248. [OFr.constreign-, stem ofconstreindre.]
Construccion,n.construing,XIIIb28. [L.constructiōnem;seenext.]
Constru(w)e,v.to construe, interpret,XIIIb18, 34;pres. subj. pl.inȝif ȝe c. wel þis clause, if you see the point of what I say,XIVc11. [L.construere.]
Conteyne,v.to contain,IX337,XIIIa20. [OFr.contenir,conteign-, stem of subj.]
Contemplacio(u)n,Contemplacyone,n.contemplation (of God),IVb51,XIb11, 308. [OFr.contemplacion.]
Contemplatyf,-if,adj.contemplative, devoted to prayer and contemplation of God,VIIIa245,XIb1, 8, &c. [OFr.contemplatif.]
Continue,v.to persevere,VIIIb40, 110. [OFr.continuer.]
Contynuell,adj.continual,IX32. [OFr.continuel.]
Contray(XIII),Contré,-ee,-ey, (IX),Countré(XVII),Cuntray(II),Cuntré(I),Cuntrey(XI),n.country, land, region,I253,II351,IX4, 9, 26, 134, 138,XIa35,XIIIa41,b63,XVII487 (seeSere), &c., asadj.incontray longage, language of the land,XIIIb13. [OFr.contrée,c(o)untrée.]
Contrarie(to),adj.opposed (to),XIb54. [OFr.contrarie.]
Contrefetes,n. pl.imitations,IX117. [OFr.contrefet, pp., made like.]SeeCounterfete,v.
Cop,n.top,XIIIa45. [OE.copp.]
Cope,n.long cloak,XIIa53;esp.the out-door cloak of an ecclesiastic,VIIIa182. [OE.*cāpe, from Med.L.cāpa.]
Cope,v.to provide with 'copes',VIIIa141. [From prec.]
Copuls,3 sg. pres.links,IVa12;Coppled,pp.linked (in rime), Introduction xv;seeKowe. [OFr.copler.]SeeCouple,n.
Corage,n.heart,XIIa11; gallantry,XIVc108. [OFr.corage.]
Corde,n.cord,XIIb53, 60, &c. [OFr.corde.]
Corde(n),v.;corden into on, agree together,XVi6. [Shortened from Acorde,q.v.]
Cormerant,n.cormorant,II310. [OFr.cormoran.]
Coround(e),pa. t.crowned,VI55;pp.II593,VI120. [OFr.corouner.]SeeCrouned(e).
Corouneȝ,n. pl.crowns,VI91. [OFr.coroune.]SeeCroun(e).
Corsed(est).SeeCurse.
Corseynt,n.shrine of a saint,I239. [OFr.cors saint, holy body.]
Cortays(e),Curteys(II),adj.gracious,II28,VI73; assb., gracious lady,V343. [OFr.corteis,curteis.]SeeKort.
Cortaysye,Cortaysé,Courtaysye,n.courtesy, grace,VI72, 84, 96, 109, 121 (of cortaysyeprob. only equivalent tocortayse,adj.);of courtaysye,by cortaysye, &c. by especial favour,VI97, 108, 120. [OFr.corteisie,curteisie.]
Cortaysly,Curteisly,-lich,adv.courteously,VI21,VIIIa34, 157.SeeCortays.
Cosseȝ,Cosses,n. pl.kisses,V283, 292. [OE.coss.]SeeKysse.
Cost,n.1border,IX192;Costes,pl.coasts, regions,VII83, 146. [OFr.coste]
Cost,n.2expenditure, cost,XIb169; ? means (to meet expense),XIb141. [OFr.cost.]
Costen(in),v.to expend (on),XIb234. [OFr.coster.]
Costes,n. pl.manners, disposition,V292. [OE. (Nth.)costfrom ON.kost-r.]
Costy,adj.costly,XIb228, 234. [From Cost,n.2]
Cote,n.1cot, mean dwelling,II489,VIIIb2. [OE.cot.]
Cote,n.2coat; here a tunic (cf.'waistcoat') worn beneath the outer gown,XVII262. [OFr.cote.]
Coth,n.pestilence,XVII417. [OE.coþu.]
Cou,Cow,n.cow,III49, 52, 54,VIIIa282;pl.Ken,III56;Kyȝn,IX256;Kyn(e),VIIIa134,b18. [OE.cū; pl.cȳ(Kt.*cē).]
Couaytyng,Coueytynge,n.coveting,IX90; object of coveting (cf.louyng, &c.),IVa23. [From OFr.coveit(i)er.]
Couaytise(III),Coueitise(XI),Couetyse(V),Coueteis(XVII),n.covetousness, avarice,III22,V306, 312,XIb55, 256,XVII52. [OFr.coveitise.]
Couche,n.bed,XIIa89. [OFr.couche.]
Coude.SeeCan,v.
Coueyne,n.band (of conspirators),I41. [OFr.cov(a)ine.]
Coueitous,adj.covetous,XIb196. [OFr.coveitous.]
Couenable,adj.suitable,XIIIa20. [OFr.covenable.]
Covenant,Couenaunde,-aunt,n.covenant, agreement,V260, 272,VI202, 203,VIIIa153,XIIb41, 96, 199;pl.terms of the agreement,V174;in c. þat, on condition that,VIIIa28. [OFr.covenant.]
Coueryng,n.covering,I177, 184. [From OFr.co(u)vrir.]
Coumforde;Counsail(le), &c.SeeConfort; Consaile (-seille).
Counted,pa. t.reckoned on (orheeded),VII115;counted nouȝt a bene beo, gave not a bean for,XIVc43. [OFr.cunter.]
Counterfete,v.to imitate (fraudulently),IX114; to resemble,VI196 (bad connotation often absent in this use, but possibly here present—'make them unjustly resemble us'). [Formed from ME.counterfete, imitated, OFr.contrefet.]SeeContrefetes.
Countes,n.countess,VI129. [OFr.cuntesse.]
Countré.SeeContray.
Countre note,n.counterpoint, a melody added as an accompaniment to another,XIb137 (note). [OFr.countre+note.]
Couple,n.match, pair,II458 (note);Copple, couplet (in verse), Introduction xxxiii. [OFr.couple.]
Cours(e),n.course,VII102,XIIIa61, &c.;cours ... about, circuit,X157; flow,VII123; force, rushing,VII115;by course, in due order,VII73. [OFr.cours.]
Court(aysye).SeeCortaysye, Kort.
Courtpies,n. pl.short jackets,VIIIa182. [Current in 14th and 15th centuries; cf. MDu.korte pie, short coat of coarse woollen stuff.]
Couþe,Couthe.SeeCan,v.
Couwee,adj.tailed, in(ryme) couwee, rime in pairs followed by a shorter line, or 'tail', tailrime, Introduction xv. [OFr.rime couée.]SeeKowe.
Cowardise,Coward(d)yse,n.cowardice,V205, 306, 311. [OFr.couardise.]SeeKowarde.
Cowth,Cowþe(ȝ).SeeCan,v.
Crache,v.to scratch,II80. [Obscure; cf. MDu., MLG.kratsen.]
Cradel,n.cradle,XIIIb22,XVf4. [OE.cradol.]
Craft(e),n.craft; industry,VIIIb20; knowledge, into ken all the cr., to know the whole story,VII25. [OE.cræft.]
Crafty,adj.skilled in a craft,VIIIa70. [OE.cræftig.]
Cragge,n.crag,V115, 153. [Obscure.]
Crak,v.to crack,XIVa10;Crakked,pp.XIVa11. [OE.cracian, to crack (sound).]
Craue,Crafe(XVII),v.to demand,VIIIa86; to plead for,XVII174;craue aftir, ask for,XVI242. [OE.crafian, demand.]
Creatoure,Creatur,n.creature,XVi4,XVII78. [OFr.creature.]
Crede,n.the Creed,VI125;sall ken ȝow ȝowre crede= will teach you what you ought to know, a lesson,XIVb4. [OE.crēda, from L.crēdo, I believe (cf.VIIIa83).]
Credence,n.credence,IX303. [OFr.credence.]
Creem,n.cream,VIIIa277. [OFr.cresme.]
Cren,n.crane (machine),X16, 28. [OE.cran(bird); the above are the earliest recorded instances of the transferred sense.]
Crepe,v.to creep,XIIb173. [OE.crēopan.]
Creuisse,n.fissure,V115. [OFr.crevasse.]
Cri(e),Cry,n.lamentation,II114, 220;held in o cri, lamented in the same strain,II95; shouting, clamour,II285,XVh4; a cry, appeal,II511 (seeSette). [OFr.cri.]
Crie(n),Crye(n),Cry,v.to cry out (shout, call, lament), proclaim,XIb48,XIIa76, 140,XVI186, 363,XVII384, &c.;pres. subj.XVI141;Crid(e),pa. t.II78,XIIb31, 69;Cryit,X86;Criand,-ende,pres. p.XVI73,XIIb16.Cryen after, shout for,XVh5;crie on, appeal to,XVI107;cry me mercy, cry to me for mercy,XVII384 (the earliest recorded sense in E.). [OFr.crier.]
Criere,n.crier, herald,XIb48. [OFr.crier.]
Criing,Criyng(e),n.(loud) shouting,XIb133, 249;at o criing, with one voice,II581 (cf.at one cri, Havelok 2773); lamentation,II195. [From Crie(n).]
Cristal(l),n.crystal,II358,IX32, 103, &c. [OFr.cristal.]
Crystemesse,n.Christmas,I29. [OE.crī̆stmesse.]
Cristen(e),Crystene,Crystyn(I),Krysten(VI),adj.Christian,Iintrod., 82,VI101,IX211,XIa37, &c.; assb. pl.VIIIa89. [OE.crī̆sten.]
Cristendom,-dam,n.Christian lands,IX214,XIVc19. [OE.crī̆sten-dōm, Christianity.]
Croft,n.small field,VIIIa33, 285,b17. [OE.croft.]
Croppeth,3 pl. pres.nibble,VIIIa33. [ON.kroppa.]
Crouders,n. pl.fiddlers,II522. [From ME.croud,crouþ(Welshcrwth), fiddle.]
Croun(e),Crowne,n.crown,II235, 415,VI67, &c.; crown of the head,XIVa10, 11. [OFr.coroune; cf. ON.krúna. In the sense 'crown of head' only thecr-forms appear.]SeeCorouneȝ.
Crouned(e),pp.tonsured, admitted to holy orders,VIIIb58, 62, 67. [OFr.corouner.]Seeprec. (which also in ME. had sense 'tonsure'), and Corounde, Vncrouned.
Crowe,n.a crow,XIIa75. [OE.crāwe.]
Crowe,v.to crow,XVg33 (with pleonastic reflex. pron.); to announce by crowing,XIIa77. [OE.crāwan.]
Cruddes,n. pl.curds,VIIIa277. [Obscure.]
Cruell,adj.cruel,IX237. [OFr.cruel.]
Cubite, (Cubettis,pl.),n.cubit (Biblical length measure = ell),XVII124, 136, 258, 261, 443. [OE.cubit, L.cubitus.]
Cultur,n.coulter, iron blade fixed in front of the share in a plough,VIIIa98. [OE. (from L.)culter.]
Cum,Cumen.SeeCom.
Cumbrit,pp.hampered,VII183. [OFr.(en)combrer.]
Cunesmen,n. pl.kinsfolk,XVg6. [OE.cynnes, gen. +mann.]
Cunne(s).SeeCan, Kyn.
Cuntek,n.contest;yn cuntek, vying with one another,I31. [OFr. (only AFr.)contek, of unknown origin.]
Cuntenaunce,n.bearing,II293. [OFr.cuntenance.]
Cuntray,-é,-ey.SeeContray.
Cuppes,n.cups,IX256. [OE.cuppe.]
Curse,v.to curse,I98, 130, &c.;Corsed,Cursed,pp.andadj.V128, 306,IX85, &c.;cursed shrewe,VII183,VIIIa153. [OE. (late)cū̆rsian, from OIr.cúrsagim.]
Cursyng,n.cursing,I128, 154, 261. [OE. (late)cū̆rsung.]
Curteis,-eys.SeeCortays.
Custome,n.custom,IX292,XIb204, 206. [OFr.custume.]