[46]From the Greek for "three divisions."
[46]From the Greek for "three divisions."
Body, contractile, tapering, compressed.
Buckler, pustulous, indistinctly lobate, with only two small elevated oculiferous tubercles.
Abdomen, with thirteen distinct, double articulations divided into three lobes by a slight longitudinal furrow.
Flanks, or lateral lobes, not so broad as the middle lobe.
Tail, tapering to an obtuse point, pustulous, and marked with ten articulations.
This genus resembles in some respects both the Calymene and Dipleura. The form of the buckler, the position and structure of the oculiferous tubercles, and the scarcely lobate divisions of the abdomen, will readily distinguish it from the Calymenes. The articulations of the tail, not being covered with a shelly crust, is a character too obvious to confound it with the genus Dipleura. There is, we think, a beautiful chain of gradations of resemblances, between the Isotelus, Dipleura, Hemicrypturus and Trimerus. The lobes of the abdomen of the Isotelus are very distinct, and the articulations of the tail are hid by a broad thick shelly crust. Thelobes in the Dipleura are scarcely apparent, the ribs more numerous; and the covering of the tail much smaller. The lobes of the Hemicrypturus are like those of the Isotelus; but the lateral ones only of the tail are covered. In the genus Trimerus the lobes are like those of Dipleura, but the articulations of the tail are exposed.
Clypeo semilunari, antice compresso; oculis minimis, enimentissimis; articulis duplicibus vix lobatis; cauda attenuata; corpore tuberculata.
In the rich cabinet of American fossils in the Albany Institute, there are two fine specimens of this species, and I am indebted to that rising and liberal institution, for the use of them in the present work. Our cast is made from the smaller and more perfect specimen of the two. The outline of the buckler forms an irregular semi-ellipse. The front is convex between the eyes, and very much depressed anteriorly, so as to form a sharp edge. The posterior part of the buckler is marked with a transverse groove parallel with the articulations of the back. The cheeks are small and triangular; the small elevated eye-shaped tubercles being placed in the middle, nearly equidistant from each of the angles. The eyes are not reticulated, the summit of each tubercle only presenting a plain oval foramen. The middlelobe of the abdomen is much broader than the lateral lobes, and has 13 distinct, double articulations. The side lobes are curved, and each costal arch is flattened anteriorly near their lower extremities, no doubt for the purpose of enabling the animal to roll itself into a ball. The tail is tapering, and is composed of ten articulations. The crustaceous covering is here more thickly deposited than on any other part. The entire shell seems to have been covered with minute elevated dots; these are beautifully distinct on the buckler and on the tail. Whole length of the specimen described, not quite two inches.
The other specimen of this species in the cabinet of the Albany Institute, is a large caudal end, three inches and a half long, entirely perfect. Both of these fossils were brought from Williamsville, Niagara county, New York. They occur in a dark shelly limestone, filled with other petrifactions. The calcareous matter which has mineralized the trilobite, in this instance, as in most others, is of a much darker hue than the surrounding rock.
Body, very much depressed, and slightly tapering.
Buckler, scarcely trilobate; cheeks large, flat, with small remote oculiform tubercles; posterior angle of the buckler spinous.
Abdomen, with twelve articulations.
Tail, rounded at the end, but terminating on each side with two slightly curved spines.
The name of this genus is derived from the remarkable spinous projections from the caudal end; this peculiar organization separates it widely from the other genera. TheParadoxides Spinulosusof Wahlenberg, which is supposed to be the oldEntomolithus Paradoxusof Linné, the fossil, with which all the trilobites were for a long time confounded, has not only projecting spines from the tail, but from all the costal arches of the lateral lobes. The presence of eyes or of oculiferous tubercles in theCeraurus, would alone be sufficient to separate it from the genus to which that interesting fossil belongs. In the eighth volume of Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Count Rasoumowsky has figured and described the fragment of a very curious relic, which seems to be an intermediate link between our genus and paradoxides; in addition to a number of filamentous elongations of the costal arches, a curved spine seems to project from the end of the tail, as in theA. limulurus. No name is given to this trilobite, which appears to have been found on the banks of the Yaousa, near Moscow, where it occurs in black, coarse, argillaceous schistus. The Ceraurus is probably a very rare animal remain, as we have only met with it, in the unrivalled cabinet of trilobites belonging to the Albany Institute.
Clypeo postice arcuato, angulo externo in mucronem valde producto; oculis minimis remotis, postabdominein spinam arcuatam acutam utrinque extenso.
Clypeo postice arcuato, angulo externo in mucronem valde producto; oculis minimis remotis, postabdominein spinam arcuatam acutam utrinque extenso.
The exact contour of this species cannot be perfectly ascertained from our specimen; it seems, however, to have been lunate. The horns of the crescent which form the posterior angles, are very distinct, and they project like curved spines, some distance on each side of the head. The middle lobe or front is faintly scalloped on each side along the cheeks. The cheeks are rather large, and are furnished with two small oculiform tubercles, very remote from each other, and quite near to the anterior portion of the buckler. The abdomen is composed of twelve articulations. The lateral lobes of the abdomen are flat, and each of the ribs, at about half their extent, is marked on the upper surface, with an elevated pimple. These little pustules are nearly on a line with the oculiferous tubercles of the buckler, and present two parallel ranges down the body, one on each side of the middle lobe, and are terminated by a curved spine, which projects to some distance beyond the tail of the animal. Length one inch and a fourth.
This remarkable organic relic was found near Newport, in the State of New York. It is embedded in black limestone shale, and so exceedingly depressed is this animal, that a very thin lamen of the slate removed from the surface would destroy every vestige of its appearance. I am indebted to my early friend, Professor T. R. Beck, for the use of this valuable petrifaction, which now belongs to the cabinet of the Albany Institute.
Body, slightly convex; contractile?
Buckler?
Abdomen, with three articulations, side lobes longitudinal, narrow, and wedge-shaped.
Tail, broad, rounded, without any membranaceous expansion.
The name of this genus is derived from the circumstance, that the abdomen has butthreearticulations; an organization which is very peculiar. These curious fossil animals are very abundant in the rocks in which they are found; but though I have examined a multitude of specimens from different localities, no vestige of the head or buckler could, on the most minute examination, be discovered. Whether these animals, during their petrifaction, were so contorted or rolled up, as to bring the extremities of the body together, in such a manner as to present the posterior folded part only to the view; or whether the buckler has been destroyed by the process of mineralization, as appears frequently to happen with the asaphs, we are at a loss to determine.
The animal remains which belong to the genus Triarthrus, differ so much in their' form and general characters from all the other trilobites, that we perhaps ought to regard them as forming another race of beings. They are, however, more nearly allied to this family than the Agnosti of Professor Brongniart.
Cauda subrotunda, bipunctata; articulis abdominis tribus, absque lobis lateralibus consuetis, sed lobo arcuato utrinque apposito.
Cauda subrotunda, bipunctata; articulis abdominis tribus, absque lobis lateralibus consuetis, sed lobo arcuato utrinque apposito.
The only portions of this fossil which have yet been found, are the abdomen and tail. The abdomen is composed of three joints; the first passes from the side lobes completely over the body, and on its upper surface, near the middle of the back, there is often a minute elevated pimple. The other two, pass obliquely from the lateral lobes, and are interrupted in their course over the body. The tail, or posterior portion, is expanded, something like that of the Isotelus or Dipleura, and has a deep puncture on each side, about half the distance between its terminal border and the last articulation of the abdomen. The lateral lobes are unlike those of any other genus. They form narrow cuneiform appendages to the sides; near the first joint of the abdomen they are crossed transversely by an elevated ridge, from which they gradually taper along the sides of the body, and appear to inosculate in a delicate point at the central border of the tail. The abdominal articulations do not pass over these lobes, but just below the last joint, a little transverse furrow, in perfect specimens, may be noticed. The largest specimen of this fragment I have seen is exactly half an inch in length.
This fossil occurs in black shaly limestone, on thecanal near Cahooes Falls, in the State of New York, and at a number of other places in that State.
I have named this species in compliment to my early friend, Professor Theodore Romeyn Beck, M. D., well known both at home and abroad, as the learned author of the work on Medical Jurisprudence. Some time after commencing this little Monograph, I communicated my plan to Dr. Beck, and was surprised and gratified to find that he was also engaged with the same inquiries, and that he was then busy in arranging and examining the unique collection of trilobites belonging to the Albany Institute. Without the smallest hesitation, he placed all his specimens at my disposal, and has facilitated otherwise my undertaking, by every means in his power.
Professor A. Eaton, in his Geological Text Book, has proposed the Genus Nuttainia, to include two remarkable trilobites which could not properly be arranged in any of the previously established genera. The two fossils here grouped together, bear no generic relation to each other. The first species which he calls N. Concentrica, belongs to the genus Cryptolythus, which was proposed before the appearance of his work, and has therefore been noticed in another place.
The genus Nuttainia is thus characterized by its author: "Head in three lobes, the middle one most prominent; the two lateral lobes sub-hemispherical,or sub-quadrantal; the whole head bordered anteriorly with a punctured fillet; body distinctly three lobed, middle lobe sub-cylindric, and not so broad as the side lobes."
Fillet nearly straight in front of the middle lobe of the head, punctures of the fillet scattered irregularly, without any alternating ridges; head compressed, covered with scattered punctures, having its side lobes much smaller than the middle one; middle lobe with straight sides, giving it somewhat the form of a parallelogram.
Found in third grauwacke,[47]or grit slate in Coeymans, sixteen miles south-west of Albany. I have the head of one before me two and a half inches broad, and one and a half long. The whole of the animal must have been six or seven inches in length.
[47]In a manuscript note, Professor Eaton states that the third grauwacke, or grit slate of Coeymans, "alternateswith the underlaying cherty lime rock." This opinion some of our geological friends, familiar with the formation at Coeymans, and with the Professor's nomenclature of rocks, have called in question.
[47]In a manuscript note, Professor Eaton states that the third grauwacke, or grit slate of Coeymans, "alternateswith the underlaying cherty lime rock." This opinion some of our geological friends, familiar with the formation at Coeymans, and with the Professor's nomenclature of rocks, have called in question.
The above account is copied from the "Text Book." Mr. Eaton was kind enough to lend me the only specimen of this curious fossil remain, which has yet been found; from which his description was taken, and of which our cast is an exact copy. His generic characters do not in our opinion at all apply to this fragment. Nothing but the head of thissingular trilobite remains, and it is doubtful whether what is said to be the punctured fillet, "nearly straight infrontof the middle lobe," be not the commencement of the articulations of the abdomen. The whole fragment looks very much like the head of some large Asaph or Ogygia.
Professor Eaton has proposed the name Brongniatia (Brongniartia?) for a genus of trilobites, which we think he has not defined with sufficient accuracy to be of any practical use. TheIsotelus gigasof Dr. Dekay, which has been for a long time so well established, is here ranked merely as a species under the name of B. isotela. The relic which we described before the Geological Text Book appeared as theTriarthrus Beckii, forms the species B. carcinodea—and the trilobite which is supposed to be the Asaphus platycephalus of Stokes, is the only other species mentioned. The A. platycephalus,[48]we know to be identical with the I. gigas, and as the animal remain described by Mr. Eaton is entirely different from Dr. Dekay's fine species, we subjoin the account given in the "Text Book."
[48]For a figure and description of the Asaphus Platycephalus, by Mr. Stokes, see Transactions of the Geological Society. Second Series, vol. i.
[48]For a figure and description of the Asaphus Platycephalus, by Mr. Stokes, see Transactions of the Geological Society. Second Series, vol. i.
Genus Brongniatia—Fore abdomen always, and post abdomen in some cases, longitudinally divided into three lobes, by regular series of undulations traversingthe joints, without grooves; articulations of the side lobes being manifest continuations of those of the middle lobe, and consequently, agreeing in number.
Head and fore abdomen very broad and depressed, the abdomen with ten joints curved forwards at the undulations; post abdomen and tail with about fifteen joints curved backwards at the undulations; the three lobes of the tail more distinctly separated; divisions between the joints of the abdomen double.
The representation of B. platycephala, figure 20, plate 2, of the Geological Text Book, if it be accurately drawn, is certainly of a trilobite never before described. On the buckler, which is without eyes, there is delineated a figure, not unlike some of the leaves of the mulberry tree.
The tail is also very peculiar. In Silliman's Journal, Volume 21st, page 136, Professor Eaton proposed for this curious fossil the temporary name of Ogygies latissimus. It is found, he observes, "in the upper soft slaty variety of the rock which has been so successfully used for the lias cement at Chitteningo, &c. Dr Smith, of Lockport, (N. Y.) sent me two specimens, taken from a continuation of the Chitteningo lias rock, immediately beneath the geodiferous lime rock on which the cherty (cornitiferous) reposes." The whole animal is six inches long, and three broad.