Lycophron speaks of ApolloΖωστηριος, and a promontoryΖωστηριον, εν ᾡ ἱερον Ζοστηριου Απολλωνος.Schol. ad v. 1278.[898]Schol. Apollon. l. 4. v. 272. Syncellus joins him with Serapis. p. 91.[899]Herodotus. l. 2. c. 144.Ουπω τειρεα παντα κ. τ. λ.Apollon. Argonaut. l. 4. v. 261. See the whole, and Schol. ibid.[900]Canon. Chronic. Sec. 10. p. 238, 239.[901]Quis igitur Sesonchosis ille, qui, Menen antevertens annis amplius 5000, inter Semideos locum habere videatur? Marsham. Canon Chronic. Sec. 10. p. 238.Sesostris in XII. Africani Dynastiâ (quæ Eusobiani Canonis epocham antevertit) ex Scaligeri calculis regnavit anno Per. Jul. 1392: quo ratiocinio Sesostris factus est annos 2355 ipso Sesostre senior. Nam ex S. literis (suo loco) apparebit, Sesostrim expeditionem suscepisse in Asiam, et Hierosolyma cepisse Anno Per. Jul. 3747. Ibid. p. 239.[902]Antiq. l. 8. c. 10. p. 449. and 450.[903]He came merely as a confederate to Jeroboam, in favour of the kingdom of Israel; and his intention was to ruin Judah: but his cruel purpose was averted by the voluntary submission both of the king and people; and by the treasures they gave up to him, which were the purchase of their security.[904]Hercules is said to have commanded the armies of Osiris. Diodorus. Sicul. l. 1. p. 15.[905]L. 2. c. 106. Concerning the interpretation of these emblems, see Joan Pierii Hieroglyph. l. 34. c. 20.[906]Pausan. l. 1. p. 101. The Statue remains to this day. In like manner it was reported that Dionusus raised Pillars. Strabo. l. 3. p. 260.Ενθα τε και Στηλαι Θηβαιγενεος Διονυσου. Dionys. Perieg. v. 623.Hercules erected the like. All which was done by people styled Dionysians and Herculeans.[907]Joshua. c. 12. v. 24. Adonibezek had threescore and ten vassal princes at his feet; if the headman of every village may be so called. Judges. c. 1. v. 7.[908]Benhadad of Damascus was attended with thirty-two kings, when he invaded Samaria. 1 Kings. c. 20. v. 1.[909]The people plowed, and sowed, and had fruits, and pastures, within their walls.[910]2 Kings. c. 17. v. 6. and c. 18. v. 11. and v. 34. Isaiah. c. 10. v. 9. c. 37. v. 13.[911]Diodorus Sicul. l. 2. p. 90.[912]Diodorus Sicul. l. 1. p. 91.[913]Ibid. p. 92.[914]Ἁυτη μεν απεδεξατο χωματα ανα το πεδιον εοντα αξιοθεητα.Herod. l. 1. c. 184.Suchχωματαwere raised by the Amonians in all places where they settled, calledταφοι.Four such were in Troas.Εισι μεν ουν λοφοι τετταρες, Ολυμπιοι καλουμενοι.Strabo. l. 10. p. 720. There were such also of the Amazons in Mauritania.[915]She carried back but twenty men, according to Strabo. l. 15. p. 1051.[916]Chron. Paschale. p. 36. Semiramis was, we find, Rhea: and Rhea was the same as Cybele, the mother of the Gods:την Ῥεαν, Κιβελην, και Κυβην, και Δινδυμηνην.Strabo. l. 10. p. 721.[917]Cononis narrationes apud Phot. p. 427.[918]Herodot. l. 1. c. 184. five ages (γενεαι) before Nitocris the mother of Labynitus, whom Cyrus conquered.It may be worth while to observe the different opinions of authors about the time, when Semiramis is supposed to have lived.Years.According to Syncellus she lived before Christ2177Petavius makes the term2060Helvicus2248Eusebius1984Mr. Jackson1964Abp. Usher1215Philo Biblius from Sanchoniathon (apud Euseb. Præp. Evang. l. 1. p. 31.) about1200Herodotus about713What credit can be given to the history of a person, the time of whose life cannot be ascertained within 1535 years? for so great is the difference of the extremes in the numbers before given.See Dionys. Perieg. Schol. in v. 1006.[919]Diodorus Sicul. l. 1. p. 90.[920]Herodotus. l. 1. c. 98.[921]Diodorus Sicul. l. 1. p. 92.[922]Strabo. l. 15. p. 1007.[923]Arrian. Hist. Ind. p. 318.[924]Josephus cont. Ap. l. 1. c. 19. p. 451.[925]Steph. Byzant.Βαβυλων.[926]Suidas:Σεμιραμις.[927]Pliny. l. 7. p. 417.[928]Semiramis teneros mares castravit omnium prima. Marcellinus. l. 14. c. 6.[929]Σεμιραμις λαγνος γυνη, και μιαιφονος.Athenag. Legatio. p. 307.[930]Claudian. in Eutrop. l. 1. v. 339.[931]This is the reason that we find these kingdoms so often confounded, and the Babylonians continually spoken of as Assyrians, and sometimes as Persians.Βαβυλων Περσικη πολις. Steph. Byz.[932]Strabo. l. 16. p. 1071.[933]These mounds were high altars, upon which they sacrificed to the Sun. By Ctesias they are supposed to have been the tombs of her lovers, whom she buried alive. Syncellus. p. 64.[934]They built Babylon itself; which by Eupolemus was said to have been the work of Belus, and the Giants. Euseb. Præp. l. 9. c. 17. p. 418. Quint. Curt. l. 5. c. 1. Abydenus apud Euseb. Præp. l. 9. c. 15. Syncellus. p. 44.[935]Clemens Alexand. Strom. l. 1. p. 364.[936]He ordered it to be inscribed upon his tomb,ὁτι και Μαγικων γενοιτο διδασκαλος. Porph. de Abstin. l. 4. p. 399.[937]By Zoroaster was denoted both the Deity, and also his priest. It was a name conferred upon many personages.[938]Zerdûsht, seu, ut semel cum vocali damna scriptum vidi, Zordush't, idem est, qui Græcis sonatΖωροαστρης. Hyde Relig. Vet. Persar. c. 24. p. 312.[939]L. 30. c. 1. p. 523.[940]Arnobius. l. 1. p. 31.[941]Clemens. l. 1. p. 399.[942]Ibid. l. 5. p. 711.Ταδε συνεγραφεν Ζοροαστρης ὁ Αρμενιου το γενος Παμφυλος. κλ. Εν αδῃ γενομενος εδαην παρα Θεων.[943]Clemens. l. 1. p. 357. Apuleius Florid. c. 15. p. 795, mentions a Zoroaster after the reign of Cambyses.[944]Justin. l. 1. c. 1.[945]Syncellus. p. 167.[946]P. 315. It is also taken notice of by Huetius. Sinam recentiores Persæ apud Indos degentes faciunt (Zoroastrem). D.E. Prop. 4. p. 89.[947]Sed haud mirum est, si Europæi hoc modo dissentiant de homine peregrino, cum illius populares orientales etiam de ejus prosapiâ dubitent. At de ejus tempore concordant omnes, unum tantum constituentes Zoroastrem, eumque in eodem seculo ponentes. p. 315.[948]Plures autem fuere Zoroastres ut satis constat. Gronovius in Marcellinum. l. 23. p. 288. Arnobius and Clemens mention more than one. Stanley reckons up six. See Chaldaic Philosophy.[949]P. 312.[950]Zoroaster may have been called Zerdusht, and Zertoost: but he was not Zerdusht the son of Gustasp, who is supposed to have lived during the Persian Monarchy. Said Ebn. Batrick styles him Zorodasht, but places him in the time of Nahor, the father of Terah, before the days of Abraham. vol. 1. p. 63.[951]Diogenes Laert. Proœm. p. 3.[952]Προ των Τρωικων ετεσι φ' Ζωροαστρης.[953]Laertius Proœm. p. 3.[954]Pliny. l. 30. c. 1.[955]Ζωροαστρις ὁ Μαγος, ὁν πεντακισχιλιοις ετεσιν των Τρωικων γεγονεναι πρεσβυτερον ἱστορουσιν.Isis et Osir. p. 369.[956]Zoroastrem hunc sex millibus annorum ante Platonis mortem. Pliny. l. 30. c. 1.[957]P. 16. and p. 47.[958]Euseb. Chron. p. 32. Syncellus. p. 167.[959]Pliny. l. 30. c. 1. p. 524.[960]Ουκ ειναι μαθειν ποτερον Δαρειου πατηρ, ειτε και αλλος κ λ.He owns, that he could not find out, when Zoroaster lived.Ὁπηνικα μεν (ὁ Ζωροαστρης) ηχμασε την αρχην, και τους νομους εθετο, ουκ ενεστι σαφως διαγνωναι.l. 2. p. 62.[961]Pliny. l. 30. c. 1.[962]Huetii Demons. Evan. Prop. 4. p. 88. 89.[963]See Huetius ibid.[964]Αστρονομιαν πρωτοι Βαβυλωνιοι εφευρον δια Ζωροαστρου, μεθ' ὁν Οστανης·—αφ' ὡν Αιγυπτιοι και Ἑλληνες εδεξαντο.Anon. apud Suidam.Αστρον.[965]Primus dicitur magicas artes invenisse. Justin. l. 1. c. 1.[966]Diog. Laertius Proœm. p. 6.[967]Την Μαγειαν την Ζωροαστρου του Ωρομαζου.Plato in Alcibiade l. 1. p. 122.Agathias calls him the son of Oromasdes. l. 2. p. 62.[968]Pliny. l. 7. c. 16. Risit eodem, quo natus est, die. See Lord's account of the modern Persees in India. c. 3. It is by them said, that he laughed as soon as he came into the world.[969]Hermippus apud Plinium. l. 30. c. 1.[970]Dio. Chrysostom. Oratio Borysthenica. 38. Fol. 448. Euseb. Præp. l. 1. p. 42. See also Agathias just mentioned.[971]Θυειν ευκταια και χαριστηρια.Plutarch Is. et Osir. p. 369.[972]Primus dicitur artes magicas invenisse, et mundi principia, siderumque motus diligentissime spectâsse. Justin. l. 1. c. 1.[973]Ζαραδης· διττη γαρ επ' αυτῳ επωνυμια.Agath. l. 2. p. 62.[974]Ζαρητις, Αρτεμις, Περσαι.Hesych.Zar-Ades signifies the Lord of light: Zar-Atis and Atish, the Lord of fire.[975]L. 1. c. 5. p. 16. Of the title Zar-Ovanus, I shall treat hereafter.[976]Plutarch. Is. et Osiris. p. 369.[977]See Agathias. l. 2. p. 62.[978]Plutarch says, that Zoroaster lived five thousand years before the Trojan war. Plutarch above.[979]Ὁυτος (ὁ Θεος) εστιν ὁ πρωτος, αφθαρτος, αϊδιος, αγεννητος, αμερης, ανομοιοτατος, ἡνιοχος παντος καλου, αδωροδοκητος, αγαθων αγαθωτατος, φρονιμων φρονιμωτατος. Εστι δε και πατηρ ευνομιας, και δικαιοσυνης, αυτοδιδακτος, φυσικος, και τελειος, και σοφος, και ἱερου φυσικου μονος ἑυρετης.Euseb. P. E. l. 1. p. 42.[980]Clemens. l. 5. p. 711.[981]Εν ᾁδη γενομενος εδαην παρα Θεων.Ibid.[982]Dion. Chrysostom. Oratio Borysthenica. p. 448.[983]Hyde. p. 312.[984]Abulfeda. vol. 3. p. 58. See Hyde. p. 312.[985]Hesych.Μαγον.[986]Suidas.Μαγοι.[987]Oratio Borysthen. p. 449.Μαγοι, ὁι περι το θειον σοφοι.Porph. de Abst. l. 4. p. 398.Apuleius styles Magia—Diis immortalibus acceptam, colendi eos ac venerandi pergnaram, piam scilicet et diviniscientem, jam inde a Zoroastre Oromazi, nobili Cælitum antistite. Apol. 1. p. 447. so it should be read. See Apuleii Florida. c. 15. p. 793. l. 3.Τους δε Μαγους περι τε θεραπειας θεων διατριβειν κλ.Cleitarchus apud Laertium. Proœm. p. 5.[988]Diodorus Sic. l. 2. p. 94.[989]Marcellinus. l. 23. p. 288.[990]Ibidem. It should be Regis prudentissimi; for Hystaspes was no king.[991]Rerum Franc. l. 1. He adds, Ab hoc etiam ignem adorare consueti, ipsum divinitus igne consumptum, ut Deum colunt.[992]Αστρον ζωον. Clemens Recognit. l. 4. c. 28. p. 546. Greg. Turonensis supra. Some have interpreted the nameαστροθυτης.[993]Προσαγορευουσι και Συριον. Pr. Evan. l. 1. p. 27. Some would change it toΣειριον: but they are both of the same purport; and indeed the same term differently expressed. PersæΣυρηDeum vocant. Lilius Gyrald. Synt. 1. p. 5.[994]Joshua. c. 15. v. 58.[995]1 Maccab. c. 4. v. 61. called Beth-Zur. 2 Chron. c. 11. v. 7. There was an antient city Sour, in Syria, near Sidon. Judith. c. 2. v. 28. it retains its name at this day.[996]Βηθσουρ. Antiq. l. 8. c. 10.The Sun was termed Sehor, by the sons of Ham, rendered Sour, Surius,Σειριοςby other nations.Σειριος, ὁ Ἡλιος. Hesych.Σειριος ονομα αστερος, η ὁ Ἡλιος.Phavorinus.[997]Βεδσουρ—εστι νυν κωμη Βεθσορων. In Onomastico.[998]Bethsur est hodie Bethsoron. In locis Hebræis.[999]Lilius Gyraldus Syntag. 13. p. 402.[1000]Jovi. O. M. et Deæ Suriæ: Gruter. p. 5. n. 1.D. M. SYRIÆ sacrum. Patinus. p. 183.[1001]Apud Brigantas in Northumbriâ. Camden's Britannia. p. 1071.[1002]See Radicals. p. 42. of Zon.[1003]Chron. Paschale. p. 43. Servius upon Virg. Æneid. l. 6. v. 14.[1004]Lycophron. v. 1301.[1005]Zor and Taur, among the Amonians, had sometimes the same meaning.[1006]See the engraving of the Mneuis, called by Herodotus the bull of Mycerinus. Herod. l. 2. c. 130. Editio Wesseling. et Gronov.[1007]See the Plates annexed, which are copied from Kæmpfer's Amœnitates Exoticæ. p. 312. Le Bruyn. Plate 158. Hyde. Relig. Vet. Pers. Tab. 6. See also plate 2. and plate 4. 5. vol. 1. of this work. They were all originally taken from the noble ruins at Istachar, and Naki Rustan in Persia.[1008]Huetii Prop. 4. p. 92.Lord, in his account of the Persees, says, that Zertoost (so he expresses the name) was conveyed by an Angel, and saw the Deity in a vision, who appeared like a bright light, or flame. Account of the Persees. c. 3.[1009]See Stanley's Chaldaic Philos. p. 7. and p. 11. They were by Damascius styledΖωνοιandΑζωνοι: both terms of the same purport, though distinguished by persons who did not know their purport.[1010]See Plates annexed.[1011]Martianus Capella. l. 1. c. 17. Ex cunctis igitur Cœli regionibus advocatis Diis, cæteri, quos Azonos vocant, ipso commonente Cyllenio, convocantur. Psellus styles themΑζωνοι, andΖωναιοι. See Scholia upon the Chaldaic Oracles.[1012]Arnobius. l. 1. p. 31.[1013]The Sun was styled both Zon, and Azon; Zan and Azan: so Dercetis was called Atargatis: Neith of Egypt, Aneith. The same was to be observed in places. Zelis was called Azilis: Saba, Azaba: Stura, Astura: Puglia, Apuglia: Busus, Ebusus: Damasec, Adamasec. Azon was therefore the same as Zon; and Azon Nakis may be interpreted Sol Rex, vel Dominus.[1014]Antholog. l. 3. p. 269.[1015]See Huetius. Demons. Evang. prop. 4. p. 129.[1016]In Theolog. Platonis. l. 1. c. 4.[1017]Ουδε τι φαρμακονΘρησσαις εν σανισι,Τας Ορφειη κατεγραψε γηρυς.Alcestis. v. 968.[1018]Plato de Repub. l. 2. p. 364.[1019]Lactant. de F. R. l. 1. p. 105.[1020]Scholia in Alcestin. v. 968.Concerning Orpheus, see Diodorus. l. 1. p. 86. Aristoph. Ranæ. v. 1064. Euseb. P. E. lib. 10. p. 469.[1021]L. 22. See Natalis comes. l. 7. p. 401.[1022]L. 9. p. 768.[1023]V. 41.[1024]Ibid. v. 99.[1025]L. 6. p. 505.[1026]Apollon. Rhod. l. 1. v. 23.[1027]Scholia. ibid.[1028]Natalis Comes. l. 7. p. 400.[1029]De Repub. l. 2. p. 364. Musæus is likewise, by the Scholiast upon Aristophanes, styledὑιος Σεληνης. Ranæ. v. 106. Schol.[1030]Lucian. Astrologus.[1031]See Lilius Gyraldus de Poetarum Hist. Dialog. 2. p. 73.Ορφευς, φορμικτας αοιδαν πατηρ.Pindar. Pyth. Ode. 4. p. 253.[1032]Clementis Cohort. p. 12. Diog. Laert. Proœm. p. 3. Herodotus. l. 2. c. 49. Diodorus. l. 1. p. 87. l. 3. p. 300. Apollodorus. l. 1. p. 7.[1033]Linus was the son of Apollo and Calliope. See Suidas,Λινος.[1034]There were, in like manner, different places where he was supposed to have been buried.[1035]Proœm. p. 5. Antholog. l. 3. p. 270. In like manner Zoroaster was said to have been slain by lightning.[1036]Suidas,Ορφευς.[1037]Tzetzes makes him live one hundred years before the war of Troy. Hist. 399. Chil. 12.[1038]Ορφευς.[1039]Vossius de Arte Poet. c. 13. p. 78.[1040]Cicero de Nat. Deor. l. 1. c. 38. See also Ælian. Var. Hist. l. 8. c. 6.[1041]C. 24. p. 84.[1042]Through the whole of this I am obliged to dissent from a person of great erudition, the late celebrated Professor I. M. Gesner, of Gottingen: to whom, however, I am greatly indebted, and particularly for his curious edition of the Orphic poems, published at Leipsick, 1764.[1043]All the Orphic rites were confessedly from Egypt. Diodorus above. See Lucian's Astrologus.[1044]Suidas.[1045]Maximus Tyrius. c. 37. p. 441.[1046]Scholia upon the Hecuba of Euripides. v. 1267. See also the Alcestis. v. 968.[1047]Plato de Repub. l. 10. p. 620.[1048]Diodorus. l. 4. p. 282. The history of Aristæus is nearly a parody of the histories of Orpheus and Cadmus.[1049]Ovid. Metamorph. l. 10. v. 81. The like mentioned of the Cadmians. See Æschylus.Ἑπτ' επι Θηβαις.Proœm. Ælian. Var. Hist. l. 13. c. 5.[1050]Hecatæus apud Steph. Byzant.Λημνος.The first inhabitants are said to have been Thracians, styledΣιντιες και Σαπαιοι; the chief cities Myrina, and Hephaistia.[1051]Philostrati Heroica. p. 677.εν κοιλῃ τη γῃ χρησμωδει.[1052]Steph Byz.Χαλδαιος.[1053]Pocock's Travels. vol. 2. p. 159.[1054]Pausan. l. 6. p. 505.[1055]See Huetii Demonst. Evang. pr. 4. p. 129.[1056]
Lycophron speaks of ApolloΖωστηριος, and a promontoryΖωστηριον, εν ᾡ ἱερον Ζοστηριου Απολλωνος.Schol. ad v. 1278.
[898]Schol. Apollon. l. 4. v. 272. Syncellus joins him with Serapis. p. 91.
[899]Herodotus. l. 2. c. 144.
Ουπω τειρεα παντα κ. τ. λ.Apollon. Argonaut. l. 4. v. 261. See the whole, and Schol. ibid.
[900]Canon. Chronic. Sec. 10. p. 238, 239.
[901]Quis igitur Sesonchosis ille, qui, Menen antevertens annis amplius 5000, inter Semideos locum habere videatur? Marsham. Canon Chronic. Sec. 10. p. 238.
Sesostris in XII. Africani Dynastiâ (quæ Eusobiani Canonis epocham antevertit) ex Scaligeri calculis regnavit anno Per. Jul. 1392: quo ratiocinio Sesostris factus est annos 2355 ipso Sesostre senior. Nam ex S. literis (suo loco) apparebit, Sesostrim expeditionem suscepisse in Asiam, et Hierosolyma cepisse Anno Per. Jul. 3747. Ibid. p. 239.
[902]Antiq. l. 8. c. 10. p. 449. and 450.
[903]He came merely as a confederate to Jeroboam, in favour of the kingdom of Israel; and his intention was to ruin Judah: but his cruel purpose was averted by the voluntary submission both of the king and people; and by the treasures they gave up to him, which were the purchase of their security.
[904]Hercules is said to have commanded the armies of Osiris. Diodorus. Sicul. l. 1. p. 15.
[905]L. 2. c. 106. Concerning the interpretation of these emblems, see Joan Pierii Hieroglyph. l. 34. c. 20.
[906]Pausan. l. 1. p. 101. The Statue remains to this day. In like manner it was reported that Dionusus raised Pillars. Strabo. l. 3. p. 260.
Ενθα τε και Στηλαι Θηβαιγενεος Διονυσου. Dionys. Perieg. v. 623.
Hercules erected the like. All which was done by people styled Dionysians and Herculeans.
[907]Joshua. c. 12. v. 24. Adonibezek had threescore and ten vassal princes at his feet; if the headman of every village may be so called. Judges. c. 1. v. 7.
[908]Benhadad of Damascus was attended with thirty-two kings, when he invaded Samaria. 1 Kings. c. 20. v. 1.
[909]The people plowed, and sowed, and had fruits, and pastures, within their walls.
[910]2 Kings. c. 17. v. 6. and c. 18. v. 11. and v. 34. Isaiah. c. 10. v. 9. c. 37. v. 13.
[911]Diodorus Sicul. l. 2. p. 90.
[912]Diodorus Sicul. l. 1. p. 91.
[913]Ibid. p. 92.
[914]Ἁυτη μεν απεδεξατο χωματα ανα το πεδιον εοντα αξιοθεητα.Herod. l. 1. c. 184.
Suchχωματαwere raised by the Amonians in all places where they settled, calledταφοι.
Four such were in Troas.Εισι μεν ουν λοφοι τετταρες, Ολυμπιοι καλουμενοι.Strabo. l. 10. p. 720. There were such also of the Amazons in Mauritania.
[915]She carried back but twenty men, according to Strabo. l. 15. p. 1051.
[916]Chron. Paschale. p. 36. Semiramis was, we find, Rhea: and Rhea was the same as Cybele, the mother of the Gods:την Ῥεαν, Κιβελην, και Κυβην, και Δινδυμηνην.Strabo. l. 10. p. 721.
[917]Cononis narrationes apud Phot. p. 427.
[918]Herodot. l. 1. c. 184. five ages (γενεαι) before Nitocris the mother of Labynitus, whom Cyrus conquered.
It may be worth while to observe the different opinions of authors about the time, when Semiramis is supposed to have lived.
What credit can be given to the history of a person, the time of whose life cannot be ascertained within 1535 years? for so great is the difference of the extremes in the numbers before given.
See Dionys. Perieg. Schol. in v. 1006.
[919]Diodorus Sicul. l. 1. p. 90.
[920]Herodotus. l. 1. c. 98.
[921]Diodorus Sicul. l. 1. p. 92.
[922]Strabo. l. 15. p. 1007.
[923]Arrian. Hist. Ind. p. 318.
[924]Josephus cont. Ap. l. 1. c. 19. p. 451.
[925]Steph. Byzant.Βαβυλων.
[926]Suidas:Σεμιραμις.
[927]Pliny. l. 7. p. 417.
[928]Semiramis teneros mares castravit omnium prima. Marcellinus. l. 14. c. 6.
[929]Σεμιραμις λαγνος γυνη, και μιαιφονος.Athenag. Legatio. p. 307.
[930]Claudian. in Eutrop. l. 1. v. 339.
[931]This is the reason that we find these kingdoms so often confounded, and the Babylonians continually spoken of as Assyrians, and sometimes as Persians.Βαβυλων Περσικη πολις. Steph. Byz.
[932]Strabo. l. 16. p. 1071.
[933]These mounds were high altars, upon which they sacrificed to the Sun. By Ctesias they are supposed to have been the tombs of her lovers, whom she buried alive. Syncellus. p. 64.
[934]They built Babylon itself; which by Eupolemus was said to have been the work of Belus, and the Giants. Euseb. Præp. l. 9. c. 17. p. 418. Quint. Curt. l. 5. c. 1. Abydenus apud Euseb. Præp. l. 9. c. 15. Syncellus. p. 44.
[935]Clemens Alexand. Strom. l. 1. p. 364.
[936]He ordered it to be inscribed upon his tomb,ὁτι και Μαγικων γενοιτο διδασκαλος. Porph. de Abstin. l. 4. p. 399.
[937]By Zoroaster was denoted both the Deity, and also his priest. It was a name conferred upon many personages.
[938]Zerdûsht, seu, ut semel cum vocali damna scriptum vidi, Zordush't, idem est, qui Græcis sonatΖωροαστρης. Hyde Relig. Vet. Persar. c. 24. p. 312.
[939]L. 30. c. 1. p. 523.
[940]Arnobius. l. 1. p. 31.
[941]Clemens. l. 1. p. 399.
[942]Ibid. l. 5. p. 711.Ταδε συνεγραφεν Ζοροαστρης ὁ Αρμενιου το γενος Παμφυλος. κλ. Εν αδῃ γενομενος εδαην παρα Θεων.
[943]Clemens. l. 1. p. 357. Apuleius Florid. c. 15. p. 795, mentions a Zoroaster after the reign of Cambyses.
[944]Justin. l. 1. c. 1.
[945]Syncellus. p. 167.
[946]P. 315. It is also taken notice of by Huetius. Sinam recentiores Persæ apud Indos degentes faciunt (Zoroastrem). D.E. Prop. 4. p. 89.
[947]Sed haud mirum est, si Europæi hoc modo dissentiant de homine peregrino, cum illius populares orientales etiam de ejus prosapiâ dubitent. At de ejus tempore concordant omnes, unum tantum constituentes Zoroastrem, eumque in eodem seculo ponentes. p. 315.
[948]Plures autem fuere Zoroastres ut satis constat. Gronovius in Marcellinum. l. 23. p. 288. Arnobius and Clemens mention more than one. Stanley reckons up six. See Chaldaic Philosophy.
[949]P. 312.
[950]Zoroaster may have been called Zerdusht, and Zertoost: but he was not Zerdusht the son of Gustasp, who is supposed to have lived during the Persian Monarchy. Said Ebn. Batrick styles him Zorodasht, but places him in the time of Nahor, the father of Terah, before the days of Abraham. vol. 1. p. 63.
[951]Diogenes Laert. Proœm. p. 3.
[952]Προ των Τρωικων ετεσι φ' Ζωροαστρης.
[953]Laertius Proœm. p. 3.
[954]Pliny. l. 30. c. 1.
[955]Ζωροαστρις ὁ Μαγος, ὁν πεντακισχιλιοις ετεσιν των Τρωικων γεγονεναι πρεσβυτερον ἱστορουσιν.Isis et Osir. p. 369.
[956]Zoroastrem hunc sex millibus annorum ante Platonis mortem. Pliny. l. 30. c. 1.
[957]P. 16. and p. 47.
[958]Euseb. Chron. p. 32. Syncellus. p. 167.
[959]Pliny. l. 30. c. 1. p. 524.
[960]Ουκ ειναι μαθειν ποτερον Δαρειου πατηρ, ειτε και αλλος κ λ.He owns, that he could not find out, when Zoroaster lived.Ὁπηνικα μεν (ὁ Ζωροαστρης) ηχμασε την αρχην, και τους νομους εθετο, ουκ ενεστι σαφως διαγνωναι.l. 2. p. 62.
[961]Pliny. l. 30. c. 1.
[962]Huetii Demons. Evan. Prop. 4. p. 88. 89.
[963]See Huetius ibid.
[964]Αστρονομιαν πρωτοι Βαβυλωνιοι εφευρον δια Ζωροαστρου, μεθ' ὁν Οστανης·—αφ' ὡν Αιγυπτιοι και Ἑλληνες εδεξαντο.Anon. apud Suidam.Αστρον.
[965]Primus dicitur magicas artes invenisse. Justin. l. 1. c. 1.
[966]Diog. Laertius Proœm. p. 6.
[967]Την Μαγειαν την Ζωροαστρου του Ωρομαζου.Plato in Alcibiade l. 1. p. 122.
Agathias calls him the son of Oromasdes. l. 2. p. 62.
[968]Pliny. l. 7. c. 16. Risit eodem, quo natus est, die. See Lord's account of the modern Persees in India. c. 3. It is by them said, that he laughed as soon as he came into the world.
[969]Hermippus apud Plinium. l. 30. c. 1.
[970]Dio. Chrysostom. Oratio Borysthenica. 38. Fol. 448. Euseb. Præp. l. 1. p. 42. See also Agathias just mentioned.
[971]Θυειν ευκταια και χαριστηρια.Plutarch Is. et Osir. p. 369.
[972]Primus dicitur artes magicas invenisse, et mundi principia, siderumque motus diligentissime spectâsse. Justin. l. 1. c. 1.
[973]Ζαραδης· διττη γαρ επ' αυτῳ επωνυμια.Agath. l. 2. p. 62.
[974]Ζαρητις, Αρτεμις, Περσαι.Hesych.
Zar-Ades signifies the Lord of light: Zar-Atis and Atish, the Lord of fire.
[975]L. 1. c. 5. p. 16. Of the title Zar-Ovanus, I shall treat hereafter.
[976]Plutarch. Is. et Osiris. p. 369.
[977]See Agathias. l. 2. p. 62.
[978]Plutarch says, that Zoroaster lived five thousand years before the Trojan war. Plutarch above.
[979]Ὁυτος (ὁ Θεος) εστιν ὁ πρωτος, αφθαρτος, αϊδιος, αγεννητος, αμερης, ανομοιοτατος, ἡνιοχος παντος καλου, αδωροδοκητος, αγαθων αγαθωτατος, φρονιμων φρονιμωτατος. Εστι δε και πατηρ ευνομιας, και δικαιοσυνης, αυτοδιδακτος, φυσικος, και τελειος, και σοφος, και ἱερου φυσικου μονος ἑυρετης.Euseb. P. E. l. 1. p. 42.
[980]Clemens. l. 5. p. 711.
[981]Εν ᾁδη γενομενος εδαην παρα Θεων.Ibid.
[982]Dion. Chrysostom. Oratio Borysthenica. p. 448.
[983]Hyde. p. 312.
[984]Abulfeda. vol. 3. p. 58. See Hyde. p. 312.
[985]Hesych.Μαγον.
[986]Suidas.Μαγοι.
[987]Oratio Borysthen. p. 449.
Μαγοι, ὁι περι το θειον σοφοι.Porph. de Abst. l. 4. p. 398.
Apuleius styles Magia—Diis immortalibus acceptam, colendi eos ac venerandi pergnaram, piam scilicet et diviniscientem, jam inde a Zoroastre Oromazi, nobili Cælitum antistite. Apol. 1. p. 447. so it should be read. See Apuleii Florida. c. 15. p. 793. l. 3.
Τους δε Μαγους περι τε θεραπειας θεων διατριβειν κλ.Cleitarchus apud Laertium. Proœm. p. 5.
[988]Diodorus Sic. l. 2. p. 94.
[989]Marcellinus. l. 23. p. 288.
[990]Ibidem. It should be Regis prudentissimi; for Hystaspes was no king.
[991]Rerum Franc. l. 1. He adds, Ab hoc etiam ignem adorare consueti, ipsum divinitus igne consumptum, ut Deum colunt.
[992]Αστρον ζωον. Clemens Recognit. l. 4. c. 28. p. 546. Greg. Turonensis supra. Some have interpreted the nameαστροθυτης.
[993]Προσαγορευουσι και Συριον. Pr. Evan. l. 1. p. 27. Some would change it toΣειριον: but they are both of the same purport; and indeed the same term differently expressed. PersæΣυρηDeum vocant. Lilius Gyrald. Synt. 1. p. 5.
[994]Joshua. c. 15. v. 58.
[995]1 Maccab. c. 4. v. 61. called Beth-Zur. 2 Chron. c. 11. v. 7. There was an antient city Sour, in Syria, near Sidon. Judith. c. 2. v. 28. it retains its name at this day.
[996]Βηθσουρ. Antiq. l. 8. c. 10.
The Sun was termed Sehor, by the sons of Ham, rendered Sour, Surius,Σειριοςby other nations.
Σειριος, ὁ Ἡλιος. Hesych.Σειριος ονομα αστερος, η ὁ Ἡλιος.Phavorinus.
[997]Βεδσουρ—εστι νυν κωμη Βεθσορων. In Onomastico.
[998]Bethsur est hodie Bethsoron. In locis Hebræis.
[999]Lilius Gyraldus Syntag. 13. p. 402.
[1000]Jovi. O. M. et Deæ Suriæ: Gruter. p. 5. n. 1.
D. M. SYRIÆ sacrum. Patinus. p. 183.
[1001]Apud Brigantas in Northumbriâ. Camden's Britannia. p. 1071.
[1002]See Radicals. p. 42. of Zon.
[1003]Chron. Paschale. p. 43. Servius upon Virg. Æneid. l. 6. v. 14.
[1004]Lycophron. v. 1301.
[1005]Zor and Taur, among the Amonians, had sometimes the same meaning.
[1006]See the engraving of the Mneuis, called by Herodotus the bull of Mycerinus. Herod. l. 2. c. 130. Editio Wesseling. et Gronov.
[1007]See the Plates annexed, which are copied from Kæmpfer's Amœnitates Exoticæ. p. 312. Le Bruyn. Plate 158. Hyde. Relig. Vet. Pers. Tab. 6. See also plate 2. and plate 4. 5. vol. 1. of this work. They were all originally taken from the noble ruins at Istachar, and Naki Rustan in Persia.
[1008]Huetii Prop. 4. p. 92.
Lord, in his account of the Persees, says, that Zertoost (so he expresses the name) was conveyed by an Angel, and saw the Deity in a vision, who appeared like a bright light, or flame. Account of the Persees. c. 3.
[1009]See Stanley's Chaldaic Philos. p. 7. and p. 11. They were by Damascius styledΖωνοιandΑζωνοι: both terms of the same purport, though distinguished by persons who did not know their purport.
[1010]See Plates annexed.
[1011]Martianus Capella. l. 1. c. 17. Ex cunctis igitur Cœli regionibus advocatis Diis, cæteri, quos Azonos vocant, ipso commonente Cyllenio, convocantur. Psellus styles themΑζωνοι, andΖωναιοι. See Scholia upon the Chaldaic Oracles.
[1012]Arnobius. l. 1. p. 31.
[1013]The Sun was styled both Zon, and Azon; Zan and Azan: so Dercetis was called Atargatis: Neith of Egypt, Aneith. The same was to be observed in places. Zelis was called Azilis: Saba, Azaba: Stura, Astura: Puglia, Apuglia: Busus, Ebusus: Damasec, Adamasec. Azon was therefore the same as Zon; and Azon Nakis may be interpreted Sol Rex, vel Dominus.
[1014]Antholog. l. 3. p. 269.
[1015]See Huetius. Demons. Evang. prop. 4. p. 129.
[1016]In Theolog. Platonis. l. 1. c. 4.
[1017]
Ουδε τι φαρμακονΘρησσαις εν σανισι,Τας Ορφειη κατεγραψε γηρυς.Alcestis. v. 968.
Ουδε τι φαρμακονΘρησσαις εν σανισι,Τας Ορφειη κατεγραψε γηρυς.Alcestis. v. 968.
Ουδε τι φαρμακον
Θρησσαις εν σανισι,
Τας Ορφειη κατεγραψε γηρυς.Alcestis. v. 968.
[1018]Plato de Repub. l. 2. p. 364.
[1019]Lactant. de F. R. l. 1. p. 105.
[1020]Scholia in Alcestin. v. 968.
Concerning Orpheus, see Diodorus. l. 1. p. 86. Aristoph. Ranæ. v. 1064. Euseb. P. E. lib. 10. p. 469.
[1021]L. 22. See Natalis comes. l. 7. p. 401.
[1022]L. 9. p. 768.
[1023]V. 41.
[1024]Ibid. v. 99.
[1025]L. 6. p. 505.
[1026]Apollon. Rhod. l. 1. v. 23.
[1027]Scholia. ibid.
[1028]Natalis Comes. l. 7. p. 400.
[1029]De Repub. l. 2. p. 364. Musæus is likewise, by the Scholiast upon Aristophanes, styledὑιος Σεληνης. Ranæ. v. 106. Schol.
[1030]Lucian. Astrologus.
[1031]See Lilius Gyraldus de Poetarum Hist. Dialog. 2. p. 73.Ορφευς, φορμικτας αοιδαν πατηρ.Pindar. Pyth. Ode. 4. p. 253.
[1032]Clementis Cohort. p. 12. Diog. Laert. Proœm. p. 3. Herodotus. l. 2. c. 49. Diodorus. l. 1. p. 87. l. 3. p. 300. Apollodorus. l. 1. p. 7.
[1033]Linus was the son of Apollo and Calliope. See Suidas,Λινος.
[1034]There were, in like manner, different places where he was supposed to have been buried.
[1035]Proœm. p. 5. Antholog. l. 3. p. 270. In like manner Zoroaster was said to have been slain by lightning.
[1036]Suidas,Ορφευς.
[1037]Tzetzes makes him live one hundred years before the war of Troy. Hist. 399. Chil. 12.
[1038]Ορφευς.
[1039]Vossius de Arte Poet. c. 13. p. 78.
[1040]Cicero de Nat. Deor. l. 1. c. 38. See also Ælian. Var. Hist. l. 8. c. 6.
[1041]C. 24. p. 84.
[1042]Through the whole of this I am obliged to dissent from a person of great erudition, the late celebrated Professor I. M. Gesner, of Gottingen: to whom, however, I am greatly indebted, and particularly for his curious edition of the Orphic poems, published at Leipsick, 1764.
[1043]All the Orphic rites were confessedly from Egypt. Diodorus above. See Lucian's Astrologus.
[1044]Suidas.
[1045]Maximus Tyrius. c. 37. p. 441.
[1046]Scholia upon the Hecuba of Euripides. v. 1267. See also the Alcestis. v. 968.
[1047]Plato de Repub. l. 10. p. 620.
[1048]Diodorus. l. 4. p. 282. The history of Aristæus is nearly a parody of the histories of Orpheus and Cadmus.
[1049]Ovid. Metamorph. l. 10. v. 81. The like mentioned of the Cadmians. See Æschylus.Ἑπτ' επι Θηβαις.Proœm. Ælian. Var. Hist. l. 13. c. 5.
[1050]Hecatæus apud Steph. Byzant.Λημνος.The first inhabitants are said to have been Thracians, styledΣιντιες και Σαπαιοι; the chief cities Myrina, and Hephaistia.
[1051]Philostrati Heroica. p. 677.εν κοιλῃ τη γῃ χρησμωδει.
[1052]Steph Byz.Χαλδαιος.
[1053]Pocock's Travels. vol. 2. p. 159.
[1054]Pausan. l. 6. p. 505.
[1055]See Huetii Demonst. Evang. pr. 4. p. 129.
[1056]