defeated,427.Southern fire-eaters, threats of disunion, ii.261;reward for heads of Rep. leaders,264-5.Southern press, criticism of New York City, 1861, iii.10.Southwick, Solomon, character and gifts of, i.154;career,154,192-3;connection with Bank of America,191,193-4;indicted and acquitted,194;becomes postmaster,239;opposes Tompkins for President,230;runs for gov., 1822,316;strange career of,316-7;without support,319;without votes,320;nominated for gov., 1828,364;defeated,368.Spaulding, Elbridge G., career of, ii.188;nominated treas. of state,188;"father of the greenback,"188;elected state treas.,189;at birth of Rep. party,214;presents petition for peace,350.Member of Ways and Means com., iii.32;drafts legal tender act,32;opposed by Conkling,32;aided by sec. of treas.,33;bill becomes a law,33;defeated for Congress, 1876,350.Spencer, Ambrose, appearance of, i.55-6;asst. atty.-gen.,70;changes his politics,87;reasons for,88;relative of Chancellor Livingston,88;member of Council of Appointment,107;atty.-gen.,117;on Supreme Court,117;appointment alarms Federalists,117;reasons for,117-8;character of,118;attack on Foote,120;assailed by Van Ness,125;opposes the Merchants' Bank,148;votes for Clinton for President,167;opposes charter of Merchants' Bank,189;and Bank of America,195;breaks with DeWitt Clinton,197;opposes him for President,202-4;denounced by Clinton,204;friend of Armstrong,216;distrusted by Tompkins,216-7;opposes Van Buren for atty.-gen.,232;relations with Tompkins strained,233;favours Armstrong for U.S. Senate,233;becomes a candidate,233;beaten by Van Buren,233;breaks with Tompkins,237;relations renewed with Clinton,245;brother-in-law of,245;declares for him for gov.,246;forces a broader party caucus,250;work in constitutional con., 1821,299-310;Yates' treatment of,322;later career and death,322-3.Spencer, Daniel C., nominated for canal com., 1876, iii.339;defeated,350.Spencer, John C., son of Ambrose Spencer, i.263;gifts, character, and career of,263-5;likeness to Calhoun,264;home at Canandaigua,264;DeWitt Clinton's opinion of,264;candidate for U.S. Senate,266-7;defeated,267;fails to become atty.-gen.,274;speaker of Assembly,276;opposes Tompkins' accounts,276;headed electoral ticket, 1832,393.Seward's reliance upon, ii.34;sec. of state,36;ambitious to go to U.S. Senate,38;sec. of war,48;breaks with Weed,48;with Scott at Albany,176.Spencer, Joshua A., defeated for U.S. Senate, ii.38.Spinner, Francis B., nominated for state comp., 1874, iii.325;defeated,331;nominated for sec. of state, 1877,384;defeated,387."Stalwarts," title of faction in Rep. party, 1880, iii.429;use of regretted,482.Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, daughter of Daniel Cady, i.169;gifts of,169.Starin, John H., aspires to be gov., 1879, iii.414;career of,414and note;name presented for gov., 1882,492;defeated,494.State debt, Hoffman's estimate of, 1846, ii.108-9.Steam navigation, history of its inception, i.75-6.Stephens, Alexander H., predicts civil war, ii.279.Stevens, Samuel, ancestry and career of, i.376;nominated for lt.-gov.,376;defeated,377;energy of,390;renominated for lt.-gov., 1832,393.Stevens, Thaddeus, approves legal tender act, iii.32;dislike of Johnson,132;opposes his policy,137;defeats Raymond,141.Stewart, Alvan, nominated for gov., ii.82;character and career of,82-3;defeated,89;increasing strength,89.Stewart, William, brother-in-law of George Clinton, i.117;made asst. atty.-gen.,117.Stillwell, Silas M., nominated for lt.-gov., i.402;character and career of,402;defeated,404.Stranahan, Ferrand, member of Council, i.231.Stroud, Reuben W., nominated for canal com., 1872, iii.296;elected,302;renominated, 1874,315;defeated,319.Suffrage, restrictions of under first constitution, i.9.Sumner, Charles, assaulted by Brooks, ii.225;Seward on,225;excitement in North,226;leads radicals in U.S. Senate, iii.14;opposes President Johnson,128;removed from Com. on Foreign Affairs,278.Sutherland, Jacob, appointed Supreme Court judge, i.322."Swallow-tails," faction of Tam., iii.325;history of name,325.Swartwout, John, dist.-atty., i.117,121;challenges DeWitt Clinton,127;wounded twice,127;leader of Burrites,152.Sweeny, Peter B., known as Peter Brains Sweeny, iii.177;Tweed's reliance upon,177;begins, 1857, as dist.-atty.,177;the Mephistopheles of Tam.,178;hidden from sight,178;city chamberlain,178;cost of confirmation,178;author of Tweed charter,228;takes position of most lucre,229;exposure of startling crime,246;resigns from office, 1871,247;escapes to Europe with plunder,248;compromises and returns,248, note.Sweet, Sylvanus H., nominated for state eng., 1865, iii.129;defeated,135;renominated, 1873,309;elected,309.Sylvester, Francis, nominated for state comp., 1877, iii.377;defeated,387.Talcott, Samuel A., atty.-gen., i.289;career and appearance of,289-94;genius of,290;compared to Hamilton,290;Chief Justice Marshall on,290;opposed Webster in Snug Harbour case,290;close relations with Butler,291;original member of Albany Regency,293-4;death of,294.Tallmadge, Fred A., elected to state senate, ii.16;nominated for clerk to Court of Appeals, 1862, iii.41, note;elected,51.Tallmadge, James, opposition to Missouri Compromise, i.274;applicant for atty.-gen.,274;hostility to DeWitt Clinton,274;work in constitutional con., 1821,299-310;applicant for state comp.,321;beaten by Marcy,321;supported Adams, 1824,324;voted for Clinton's removal as canal com.,328-9;great mistake,329;nominated for lt.-gov.,331;in constitutional con., 1846, ii.103.Tallmadge, Nathaniel P., opponent of Regency, i.358;sent to Assembly,358;in U.S. Senate, ii.1;attitude toward slavery,11;endorsed Seward for gov.,24-5;nominated for U.S. Senate,38;elected,39;becomes gov. of Wisconsin,92.Tammany Society, early history of, i.181-5;hostility to DeWitt Clinton,181-5;opposes Erie canal,251;opposed Clinton for gov., 1817,251;defeated,252;Clinton dismisses its office-holders,255;Van Buren silences its opposition to canal,261-2;influence in securing the constitutional con., 1821,296;favours Jackson for President,357;trains with the Softs, ii.249;defeats Wood,257.Tammany Hall, defeated, 1861, iii.29;Tweed begins his career,176;boss of,176;his lieutenants,177;forces Hoffman's nomination, 1866,159;fraudulent naturalisations,175;its new building,178;again nominates Hoffman, 1868,205;renominates Hoffman, 1870,231;startling disclosures of Tweed ring,246-9;controls state con., 1871,269-73;dismayed by result of election,275;Kelly succeeds Tweed as its leader,288;reorganises it,289;divided into two factions,325;Morrissey faction rejected,325;Kelly's ticket defeated, 1875,331;Morrissey and Kelly factions unite, 1876,346;ticket elected,350;factions divide, 1877,378;Kelly wins,383;but Morrissey elected to Senate,388;it controls Dem. state con., 1878,392;defeated in election,397;bolts Dem. state con., 1879,423;holds con. of its own,424;nominates Kelly for gov.,424;crushed by defeat,427;refused admission to Dem. state con., 1880,451;holds con. of its own,451;platform stigmatises Tilden,452;refused admission to Dem. nat. con., 1880,457;spectacular reconciliation,458;forces a Dem. state con.,460;has its own way,460;fools Irving Hall on mayoralty,460;opponents organise County Democracy,483;dels. excluded from Dem. state con., 1881,484;local ticket defeated,483;forces way into Dem. state con., 1882,488;divides its vote for gov.,490;finally supports Cleveland,491;joins County Democracy on local ticket,498;elect state and city officials,498."Tammany-Republicans," history of title, iii.250,254,255.Tappan, Abraham B., candidate prison insp., 1861, iii.23, note;elected,29.Tappan, Arthur, early Abolitionist, ii.6;requisition for,6.Tappan, Lewis, early Abolitionist, ii.6;home mobbed,6;nominated for state comp.,216.Taylor, John, career and character of, i.177-8;speech against Platt,178;opposes Bank of America,196;appearance of,196;nominated for lt.-gov.,213;attacked by Clinton,213;elected,215;renominated for lt.-gov. with Clinton,279.Taylor, John J., nominated for lt.-gov., ii.249-50;career of,250.Taylor, John W., congressman from Saratoga, i.312;brilliant leader,312;twice speaker of national House of Representatives,312, ii.204;refuses nomination for lt.-gov., i.331;defeated for speaker in Twentieth Congress,359.Champion opponent of Missouri Compromise, 1820, ii.204;lived to see principles adopted,204;longer continuous service than any successor,204;character of speeches,204;death of,204.Taylor, Moses, urges Lincoln's renomination, iii.88;attends Saratoga con., 1866,144;approves books of Tweed's city comp.,245.Taylor, William B., candidate for state eng., 1861, iii.23, note;elected,29;renominated, 1863,76;elected,83;renominated, 1869,226;defeated,227;renominated, 1871,264;elected,275;renominated, 1873,308;defeated,309.Temperance vote, 1870, iii.244, note.Thayer, Adin, nominated for canal com., 1874, iii.314;elected,319.Thayer, Francis S., nominated for sec. of state, 1873, iii.308;defeated,309.Third term, talk of it, 1874, iii.317;Grant's letter ends it, 1875,329;Rep. state con., 1875, declares against it,325;Grant becomes an active candidate, 1880,428;efforts of Stalwarts to nominate him,429-42;opposition to,429-42;defeated,442.Thomas, David, career and character of, i.191-2;charged with bribery,193;indicted and acquitted,194.Thomas, Thomas, member of Council of Appointment, 1807, i.156.Thompson, Herbert O., appointed clerk of N.Y. county, 1879, iii.418;an organiser of the County Democracy,483.Thompson, Smith, related to Livingstons, i.155;on Supreme bench,155;refused mayoralty of New York,155;career of,362;learning of,362;sec. of navy under Munroe,362;on bench twenty-five years,362;justice of U.S. Supreme Court,362;nominated for gov., 1828,362;refused to withdraw,363;defeated,368.Thompson, William, caucus nominee for speaker, i.257;character and career of,257;defeated by a bolt,258-9.Thorn, Stephen, an assemblyman, i.149;charged Purdy with bribery,149,190.Throop, Enos T., criticised Morgan's abductors, i.365;home on Lake Owasco,365;nominated for lt.-gov.,366-7;bargain with Van Buren,366;resigned from Supreme Court,366;elected lt.-gov.,368;becomes acting gov.,376;nominated for gov., 1830,376;unpopular manners,376;elected,377;defeated for renomination, 1832,394;nicknamed "Small-light,"394;character of,394.Thurman, Allen G., attitude toward Tilden, iii.354.Tilden, Samuel J., in constitutional con., 1846, ii.104;opposes negro suffrage,107;writes address of Barnburners,131;nominated for atty.-gen.,211;defeated,218.Del. to Dem. nat. con., 1864, iii.108;age and appearance of,108;ability,109;war record,109;becomes wealthy,110;accepted leader at Chicago,110;member com. on res.,110;declares war a failure,110;criticised for his timidity,113;attends Saratoga con., 1866,144;del.-at-large to Philadelphia,144;active in campaign, 1867,186;attends Dem. nat. con., 1868,197;ch'm. New York delegation,197;forces nomination of Seymour,201;study of his methods,203;disclaims any agency,203;his artfulness,203;urges Seymour to accept,204;certain of success,213;denies signing infamous circular,213;fails to denounce forgers,214;calls Dem. state con. to order, 1870,230;has his pocket picked,230;severely criticised,231;prophesies Tweed will die in jail or exile,265;no liking for Rep. party,265-6;begins reform in Dem. party,266-7;rejects Tweed's proposals,267;labours to punish Ring,267;unites anti-Tam. organisations,268;at Dem. state con., 1871,269-74;though defeated, proves its master,273;Tweed arrested on his affidavit,275;absent from Dem. nat con., 1872,287;secures impeachment of Tweed judges,293;at Dem. state con., 1872,297;opposed by Tweed influence,297;nominates Kernan for gov.,298;decides to run for gov.,310;