Kepler, star of 160425;solar corona,66missing planets,71cometary decay,91,339comet of 161896physical astronomy,141
Kiaer, comets' tails,348
Kirchhoff, foundation of spectrum analysis,132135-137372;map of solar spectrum,137solar constitution,149151172
Kirkwood, distribution of minor planets,286;grouped orbits,287divisions in Saturn's rings,301302origin of planets,314their mode of rotation,321comets and meteors,333339
Kleiber, Perseid radiants,341
Klein, Hyginus N.,267268
Klinkerfues, comet predicted by,335339;apparitions of Southern comet,350tidal theory of new stars,397
Knobel, cloud effects on Mars,281
Konkoly, spectrum of γ Cassiopeiæ,378;spectroscopic survey, 381note
Kreil, lunar magnetic action,130
Kreutz, period of 1843 comet,105; orbit of 1861 comet,327period of great September comet,361cause of disintegration,363eclipse-comet of 1882362
Krüger, segmentation of great comet,362
Küstner, variation of latitude,258
Kunowsky, spots on Mars,275
Lacaille, southern nebulæ,22;η Carinæ,48
Lagrange, theory of solar system,2;planetary disruption,76
Lahire, diffraction theory of corona,67;distance of the sun,228mountains of Venus,252
Lalande, popularisation of astronomy,5;revolving stars,18Histoire Céleste,31,415nature of sun-spots,53observations of Neptune,83
Lambert, solar motion,10;construction[Pg 480]construction of the universe,14,40missing planets,71
Lamont, magnetic period,127128
Lamp, ashen light on Venus,256
Langdon, mountains of Venus,253
Langley, solar granules,165;corona of 1878176spectroscopic effects of solar rotation,202infra-red spectrum,210223224experiments at Pittsburg,221bolometer,222distribution of energy in spectrum,224225atmospheric absorption,224225276solar constant,225lunar heat-spectrum,269temperature of lunar surface,270age of the sun,312
Laplace, lunar acceleration,2,271;Système du Monde,5nebular hypothesis,25,308309313314322stability of Saturn's rings,85,298solar atmosphere,94,221Lexell's comet,106367solar distance by lunar theory,230origin of meteors,328of comets,370
Lassell, discovery of Neptune's satellite,83;of Hyperion,85Saturn's dusky ring,86observations at Malta,87,434reflectors,114equatoreal mounting,121
Latitude, variation of,258259
Laugier, period of 1843 comet,105;solar rotation,146
Le Chatelier, temperature of the sun,219
Lescarbault, pseudo-discovery of Vulcan,248;halo round Venus,254
Lespiault, orbits of minor planets,285
Le Sueur, spectrum of Jupiter,291
Leverrier, discovery of Neptune,80-82;Lexell's comet,98,367distance of the sun,230240revolutions of Mercury,248supposed transits of Vulcan,249mass of asteroids,287orbit of November meteors,332Perseids and Leonids,333
Lexell, comet of 177098,106367
Liais, supposed transit of Vulcan,249;comet of 1861326division of a comet,339
Librations, of Mercury,247;of Venus,251of the moon,266
Lick, foundation of observatory,434
Light, velocity,38,232241;extinction in space,45refrangibility changed by movement,201
Light-equation,231241
Ligondès, development of solar system,316
Lindsay, Lord, expedition to Mauritius,234
Line of sight, movements in,201386;of solar limbs,202203in prominences,204208of stars,201386387binaries detected by,387-391
Listing, dimensions of the globe,262
Littrow, chromosphere,70;sun-spot periodicity,126
Liveing and Dewar, carbon in the sun,212
Lockyer, solar spectroscopy,156212;theory of sun-spots,159163daylight observations of prominences,169194204205eclipse of 1870171slitless spectroscope,173corona of 1878175glare theory of corona,182eclipse of 1886184chromospheric spectrum,195classification of prominences,196their radial movements,204celestial dissociation,206-210chemistry of sun-spots,207spots on Mars,275meteoritic hypothesis,376402equatoreal Coudé,438
Loewy, constant of aberration,241438;lunar photographs,268director of Paris Observatory,414equatoreal Coudé,436437
Lohrmann, lunar chart,265;Linné,267
Lohse, J. G., spectrum of great comet,364
Lohse, O., daylight coronal photography, 178note;spectral investigations,211twilight on Venus,256red spot on Jupiter,294periodicity of Jupiter's markings,297motion of Sirius,386spectrum of Nova Cygni,393
Louville, nature of corona,67;chromosphere,68
Lowell, rotation of Mercury,248;of Venus,252markings on Venus,255observations of Mars,280281satellites,283
Lyman, atmosphere of Venus,254
McClean, photographs of solar spectrum,211215;helium stars,377oxygen stars,384equipment of Cape Observatory,433
Macdonnell, luminous ring round Venus,254
Maclaurin, eclipse of 173765
Maclear, Admiral, observations during eclipses,172182
Maclear, Sir Thomas, maximum of η Carinæ,49;observation of Halley's comet,102
Mädler, central sun,41;observations[Pg 481]observationsof Venus,253lunar rills,263aspect of Linné,267common proper motions,426
Magellanic clouds,47,422;spiral character,425
Magnetism, terrestrial, international observations,126;periodicity,127128solar relations,128160161163205lunar influence,130
Mann, last observation of Donati's comet,325
Maraldi, solar corona,67;rotation of Mars,274satellite-transits on Jupiter,291spot on Jupiter,295
Marius, Andromeda nebula,21;sun-spots,52
Mars, oppositions,228;solar parallax from,228237240polar spots,274276277280281permanent markings,274-276rotation,274275atmosphere,276277climate,277278canals,278-281photographs,281satellites,282283314320321
Marth, revolutions of Neptune's satellite,305
Maskelyne, components of Castor,18;Astronomer-Royal,27experiment at Schehallien,261comets and meteors,332
Maunder, photographs of corona of 1886185;comparative massiveness of stars,375constitution of nebulæ,403
Maunder, Mrs., coronal photographs,189190
Maury, director of Naval Observatory,7;duplication of Biela's comet,96
Maury, Miss A. C., spectrographic investigations,386;discoveries of spectroscopic binaries,387388
Maxwell, J. Clerk, structure of Saturn's rings,298300
Mayer, C., star satellites,17
Mayer, Julius R., tidal friction,272;meteoric sustentation of sun's heat,310
Mayer, Tobias, stellar motions,10;solar translation,15repeating circle,122solar distance,230satellite of Venus,256lunar surface,263
Mazapil meteorite,340
Meldrum, sun-spots and cyclones,164
Melloni, lunar heat,269
Melvill, spectra of flames,131
Mercury, mass,92;luminous phenomena during transits,244245spectrum,245mountainous conformation,246247rotation,247248theory of movements,248250
Mersenne, reflecting telescope,108
Messier, catalogue of nebulæ,22
Meteoric hypothesis of solar sustentation,310;of planetary formation,311
Meteoritic hypothesis of cosmical constitution,376402
Meteors, origin,327328;relations to comets,327332-334340Leonids,328-334338Perseids,329332333341Andromedes,334-338stationary radiants,341
Meunier, canals of Mars,280
Meyer, divisions of Saturn's rings,302;comet of 1880351cometary refraction,353comet Tewfik,362
Michell, double stars,17;torsion balance,261star systems,426
Michelson, velocity of light,241
Milky Way, grindstone theory,14;clustering power,20,26structure,20,41,45,47,423-425centre of gravity,40,41frequented by Wolf-Rayet, temporary, and helium stars,380399425by gaseous nebulæ,402drawings and photographs,424425
Miller, W. A., spectrum analysis,132136137;stellar chemistry,373
Mira, light changes,10;spectrum,374379
Mitchel, lectures at Cincinnati, 6
Mitchell, photograph of reversing layer,190
Möller, theory of Faye's comet,98
Mohn, origin of comets,370
Moll, transit of Mercury,245
Monck, Perseid meteors,341;new stars,395
Moon, acceleration,2,271272;magnetic influence,130photographs,152153268solar parallax from disturbed motion,230240study of surface,263atmosphere,263-265charts,265-267librations,266superficial changes,267268thermal radiations,269270rotation,272tables,272273origin,316-318
Morinus, celestial chemistry,140
Morstadt, Andromede meteors,332
Mouchez, photographic survey of the heavens,413;death,414
Müller, phases of Mercury,246;of minor planets,288albedo of Mars,283of Jupiter,290of Saturn,303variability of Neptune,305of Pons's comet,366stellar photometry,421
Munich, Optical Institute,28,34
Myer, solar eclipse,183[Pg 482]Myer, solar eclipse,183
Nasmyth, Lassell's reflector,83;solar willow-leaves,164comparative lustre of Mercury and Venus,255condition of Jupiter,289
Nasmyth and Carpenter,The Moon,265
Nebula, Andromeda, early observations,21;new star in,394395photographs,395409structure,396spectrum,402403visibility at Arequipa,435
Nebula, Orion, observed by Herschel,12;mentioned by Cysatus,21apparent resolvability,119suspected variability,403radial movement,405spectrum,407photographs,407408436
Nebulæ, first discoveries,22;catalogues,22,46,50,412distribution,23,48,422composition,24,47,401402resolution,47,117119double,48,412spiral,118410412new stars in,394-396399401spectra,401-403407variability,403404radial movements,405photographs,407-409425
Nebular hypothesis, Herschel's,24,25;Laplace's,25,308309322objections,313-315
Neison, atmosphere of Venus,254;rills on the moon,263The Moon,265
Neptune, discovery,78-83;satellite,83,305density,84comets captured by,98,306365mode of rotation,305313315322
Newall, F., duplicity of Capella,389;stellar radial motions,430
Newall, R. S., 25-inch refractor,430
Newcomb, runaway stars,39;solar translation,40origin of minor planets,76telescopic powers,119corona of 1878176of 1869183distance of the sun,231-233velocity of light,241variation of latitude,259lunar atmosphere,263lunar theory,272273disturbance of Neptune's satellite,305formation of planets,314star catalogue,415structure of Milky Way,423
Newton, H. A., capture of comets by planets,98;falls of aerolites,311November meteors,330331meteors of 1885336337orbits of aerolites,340
Newton, Sir Isaac, founder of theoretical astronomy,1,141;comets subject to gravitation,88first speculum,109solar radiations,216law of cooling,217-219telescopes and atmosphere,434
Niesten, volume of asteroids,287;red spot on Jupiter,293
Nobert, diffraction gratings,439
Noble, observations of Mercury,246;secondary tail of comet,355
Nolan, origin of the moon,317;period of Phobos,320
Norton, expulsion theory of solar appendages, 193note;comets' tails,345347
Nova Andromedæ,394395
Nova Aurigæ,396-399
Nova Cygni,393394398
Nova Persei,400401
Nutation, discovered by Bradley,3,15;a uranographical correction,31
Nyrén, constant of aberration,241
Observatory, Greenwich,3,27,433;Cape of Good Hope, 6,36,433Paramatta, 6,90Harvard College, 7,85Königsberg,30Dorpat,43Pulkowa,44Palermo,72Berlin,90Anclam,149Potsdam,149Kew,153Arequipa,264435436Yerkes,433Lick,435
Occultations of stars by comets,95,105106;by the moon,263by Mars,276of Jupiter by the moon,264
Olbers, Bessel's first patron,29,30;discoveries of minor planets,74,75origin by explosion,75,76career,89,90Biela's comet,95comet of 181199electrical theory of comets,100104324347multiple tails,100comet of 1819101cometary coruscations,105November meteors,329