AbsentSubm.++++++TotalNo. %No. %No. %No. %No. %Total sample731 9040 330 412 10 0813Interior122 8012 812 87 50 0153East112 933 34 31 10 0120Coast194 9310 54 21 00 0209N.W.72 911 13 43 40 079
The lack of age correlations also limits the value of data on baldness, but some meaning can nevertheless be extracted. Regardless of age, with an incidence of pronounced baldness of 1 per cent among all adult males and of 4 per cent for a moderate condition, it is a clear indication that Fijians are not prone to loss of head hair.
AbsentSubm.++++++TotalNo. %No. %No. %No. %No. %Total sample0 0234 29370 44208 261 .01813Interior0 022 1467 4464 420 0153East0 045 3859 4916 130 0120Coast0 060 2994 4554 261 0209N.W.0 022 2830 3827 340 079Fiji IIcheeks27 212 244 3446 3512 9131skin9 70 052 4056 4314 10131Solomonscheeks21 250 042 4922 260 085chin7 80 053 6225 290 085Tongachin0 00 190 3150 00 00lower chk.0 40 370 1840 00 00
Moderate beard quantity is shown by 44 per cent of Fijians; the remainder are fairly evenly divided between the submedium and pronounced categories. Howells' series, which records beard quantity for the cheeks and chin separately, shows a higher frequency of pronounced and very pronounced designations. However, his data includes many individuals who have no beards at all. Both series are doubtless influenced by the fact that they contain a preponderance of young adult; a greater proportion of older men would have greatly raised the incidence of the pronounced categories.
Nearly all modern Fijians have adopted the Western practice of shaving. Examination of earlier pictures and written description of Fijians leaves no doubt that the majority of mature men possess luxurious beards when nature is unrestrained.
The natives of the Solomon Islands, according to Howells, are a little less bearded than the Fijians.
The Tongans are a little more heavily bearded than the Fijians.
Some geographical variation is indicated by my data. The interior people of Fiji have the highest incidence of face hair; 42 per cent are recorded as pronounced. Least endowed are the eastern Fijians, where 13 per cent have pronounced beards and 38 per cent are submedium. The coastal and northwestern series conform more closely to the overall distribution.
AbsentSubm.++++++TotalNo. %No. %No. %No. %No. %Total sample0 0243 30328 40162 2080 10813Interior0 031 2056 3741 2725 16153East0 055 4645 3814 126 5120Coast0 057 2782 3946 2224 11209N.W.0 016 2036 4619 248 879Tonga0 023 290 260 220 00
The body hair endowment is also not unimpressive. Forty per cent show a moderate condition, 20 per cent are pronounced, and 10 per cent very pronounced; none are totally devoid of body hair; 30 per cent are submedium. Chest hair among the Tongans is somewhat less in evidence; although the majority range from submedium to pronounced, 23 per cent are described as hairless.
The provincial distribution in Fiji follows that of face hair: the interior groups are hairiest and the eastern people least so.
The anatomical distribution of body hair deserves some comment, even though specific observations were made on the chest. Not infrequently the hair is heavier on the upper legs than on the chest. Occasionally, too, the back of the shoulders is quite hairy as well as the belly.
AbsentSubm.++++++TotalNo. %No. %No. %No. %No. %Total sample621 7682 1082 1028 33 3813Interior80 5237 2419 1217 110 0153East91 7613 1116 130 00 0120Coast176 8414 717 82 10 0209N.W.60 768 109 112 30 079
AbsentSubm.++++++TotalNo. %No. %No. %No. %No. %Total sample610 7561 890 1152 60 0813Interior72 4730 2020 1331 200 0153East89 749 818 154 30 0120Coast178 858 421 102 10 0209N.W.60 766 811 142 30 079
Grayness of the hair data without corresponding age incidence is not particularly significant. It is clear, nevertheless, that premature grayness is not common. I would hazard the judgment that on the whole the Fijians show less tendency to grayness than do Caucasians.
The higher incidence of grayness of the interior sample of Fijians is likely due to a larger number of older men in that series.
AbsentSubm.+++TotalNo. %No. %No. %No. %Fiji I206 25306 38288 3513 2813Interior40 2659 3952 342 1153East54 4555 4611 90 0120Coast47 2284 4073 355 2209N.W.18 2329 3732 410 079Tonga63 5326 2229 250 0118
AbsentSubm.+++TotalNo. %No. %No. %No. %Fiji I517 64184 23109 133 1/2813Interior133 8715 105 30 0153East100 8317 143 30 0120Coast122 5849 2337 181 1209N.W.48 6120 2511 140 079
AbsentSubm.+++TotalNo. %No. %No. %No. %Fiji I798 989 14 1/22 0813Interior153 1000 00 00 0153East120 1000 00 00 0120Coast207 990 01 1/21 1/2209N.W.76 {96}2 30 01 179
Slight and moderate total prognathism characterizes most Fijians.but it is pronounced in only 13 of the 813 subjects. A quarter of the series show no prognathism. The eastern people are least prognathic with a zero incidence of 45 per cent. The other regional sample are close to the general condition.
Mid-facial prognathism has a submedium incidence of 23 per cent and a medium of 13 per cent; the remainder lack the condition, except three individuals who are pronounced.
The coastal and northwestern groups have more frequent medium designations. Alveolar prognathism is almost entirely lacking in all groups.
AbsentSubm.++++++TotalNo. %No. %No. %No. %No. %Fiji I1 02 0264 32543 673 0813Interior0 00 062 4191 590 0153East0 00 025 2195 790 0120Coast0 00 068 33141 670 0209N.W.0 00 028 3550 631 179
AbsentSubm.+++TotalNo. %No. %No. %No. %Fiji I4 1/20 0709 87100 12809Interior0 00 0139 9114 9153East0 00 0103 8617 14120Coast1 00 0181 8727 13209N.W.0 00 067 8512 1579
The facial contours generally include lateral malar projection; two-thirds show a pronounced condition and the balance are medium. The eastern people have high cheek bones oftener than do the others.
Frontal malar projection is also common but more often moderately so; 87 per cent show medium projection and 12 per cent are pronounced.
Sbm.++++++TotalNo. %No. %No. %No. %Fiji I24 3459 56325 405 1813Interior0 097 6355 361 1153East1 165 5454 450 0120Coast7 3110 5390 432 1209N.W.3 449 6227 340 079
ParabolicSm. ULg. USquareTotalNo. %No. %No. %No. %Fiji I493 612 0303 3715 2813Interior94 610 059 390 0153East81 680 038 321 1120Coast131 630 071 347 3209N.W.50 631 127 341 179
A fairly strong tendency to well-developed gonial angles is indicated; 40 per cent show pronounced angles and nearly all the rest are medium. These proportions hold pretty much for all groups.
Palate shape also attests to the well-developed jaws of Fijians; it is a large U in 37 per cent of the subjects; 2 per cent are square and the remainder parabolic.
AbsentSubm.+++TotalNo. %No. %No. %No. %Fiji I2 0164 20593 7354 7813Interior0 036 24110 727 5153East0 025 2189 746 5120Coast0 041 20153 7313 6207N.W.1 111 1455 709 1176
MedianBilateralTotalNo. %No. %Fiji I673 83140 17813Interior130 8523 15153East112 938 7120Coast162 7845 22207N.W.62 8214 1876
A well-developed chin further typifies most Fijian faces; nearly three-quarters have a moderate chin prominence, 7 per cent are pronounced, and the remainder are submedium. This range is much the same in the subgroups.
The chin is commonly median although 17 per cent have the bilateral type. The bilateral chin is least frequent in Lau (7 per cent).
AbsentSubm.+TotalNo. %No. %No. %Fiji I1 0563 69249 31813Interior0 0113 7440 26153East0 070 5850 42120Coast1 0148 7160 29208N.W.0 059 7520 2579
AbsentSubm.+TotalNo. %No. %No. %Fiji I13 2775 9525 3813Interior4 3149 970 0153East0 0116 974 3120Coast3 1193 9213 6209N.W.0 079 1000 079
A narrowness in the temporal part of the head is indicated. Sixty-nine per cent of the subject show submedium temporal fullness, whereas the remainder are moderate. This condition is not marked and may best be described as a discernable tendency.
The back of the head is generally rather flat as the 95 per cent incidence of occipital protrusion indicates. This is a natural condition; no intentional flattening is practiced by Fijians.
AbsentSubm.+TotalNo. %No. %No. %Fiji I754 9332 427 3813Interior153 1000 00 0153East113 945 42 2120Coast188 9013 68 4209N.W.72 913 44 579
AbsentSubm.+TotalNo. %No. %No. %Fiji I809 1002 02 0813Interior153 1000 00 0153East120 1000 00 0120Coast209 1000 00 0209N.W.79 990 01 179
AbsentSubm.+TotalNo. %No. %No. %Fiji I600 74177 2236 4813Interior96 6346 3011 7153East109 9110 81 1120Coast160 7743 216 3209N.W.53 5724 302 379
AbsentSubm.+++TotalNo. %No. %No. %No. %Fiji I17 2413 51381 472 0813Interior1 1130 8522 140 0153East4 366 5550 420 0120Coast6 382 39120 571 0209N.W.1 140 5138 480 079
A median sagittal crest though not striking is recorded in a number of cases. It has a submedium incidence of 22 per cent and pronounced 4 per cent. Among the interior people, the crest is more common. Because of the heavy, bushy, and wiry hair of Fijians it is probable that some instances of this feature were not detected by simple palpation, and the incidence may be higher than the data indicate.
Submedium development of the parietal bosses is rather common occurring in 51 per cent of the series. It is very common in the interior (85 per cent).
AbsentLeftRightTotalNo. %No. %No. %Fiji813 1000 00 0813Interior153 1000 00 0153East119 1000 00 0119Coast208 1000 00 0208N.W.79 1000 00 079
AbsentLeftRightTotalNo. %No. %No. %Fiji806 1001 00 0807Interior153 1000 00 0153East117 980 02 2119Coast206 990 02 1208N.W.78 991 00 079
Cranial and facial assymetry are generally lacking, at least in any marked degree. Normal asymmetries of the face and head were ignored in this description.
AbsentSubm.+++TotalNo. %No. %No. %No. %Fiji804 985 14 10 0813Interior152 990 01 10 0153East119 990 01 10 0120Coast209 991 11 10 0208N.W.78 990 01 10 079
AbsentSubm.+++TotalNo. %No. %No. %No. %Fiji I782 963 1/225 33 1/2813Interior152 990 01 10 0153East108 901 110 81 1120Coast202 971 05 21 0209N.W.78 990 00 01 179
AbsentSubm.+++TotalNo. %No. %No. %No. %Fiji I778 964 030 41 0813Interior151 990 02 10 0153East102 851 117 141 0120Coast203 970 06 30 0209N.W.78 990 01 10 079Fiji II116 897 5-1/27 5-1/20 0130Solomons80 942 2-1/23 3-1/20 085Tonga63 5733 309 86 5111
Eye folds are not a feature of the Fijian facial make-up. The external fold is present in only 2 per cent of the total series. The median fold shows a 96 per cent absence. The eastern groups exceed the other provinces with a 10 per cent occurrence. The internal eye fold has a total presence of 4 per cent and is also commoner in the east (14 per cent).
AbsentSubm.+++TotalNo. %No. %No. %No. %Fiji I251 31358 43201 253 1813Interior92 6046 3014 91 1153East33 2852 3545 380 0120Coast47 22102 4958 282 1209N.W.27 3432 4120 250 079
AbsentSubm.+++TotalNo. %No. %No. %No. %Fiji I0 075 9-1/2737 911 1/2813Interior0 024 16128 841 1153East0 013 11107 890 0120Coast0 09 4200 960 0209N.W.0 07 972 910 079
Some degree of eye obliquity is present in the majority of cases; 43 per cent show a submedium condition; 25 per cent are medium and three individuals have pronouncedly oblique eyes. The remainder, or 31 per cent, have no obliquity. In the east, the natives depart from this total distribution in opposite directions. The interior groups have much less eye obliquity; the eastern people, a great deal more. The other provinces are quite close to the total frequencies.
Eye opening height is preponderately moderate (91 per cent). The remaining 10 per cent with one exception show submedium eye opening. Regional variation is not great. The eastern and interior groups have a little higher frequency in the submedium class.
AbsentSubm.++++++TotalNo. %No. %No. %No. %No. %Fiji I0 0148 19364 44295 366 1813Interior0 016 1069 4564 424 3153East0 028 2342 3550 420 0120Coast0 042 2099 4767 321 0209N.W.0 019 2440 5119 241 179
Brow ridges are a marked feature of Fijians in general. None of them lack some supraorbital development. Forty-four per cent have medium brow ridges, 36 per cent are pronounced, and 1 per cent are very pronounced. The other 19 per cent are small. The interior and eastern groups share a little higher incidence of pronounced brow ridges; the other regions are nearer the total distribution of variations.
AbsentSubm.+++TotalNo. %No. %No. %No. %Fiji I0 0444 55369 450 0813Interior0 090 5963 410 0153East0 068 5752 430 0120Coast0 0110 5399 470 0209N.W.0 046 5833 420 079