FOOTNOTES:

Expedition, an undertaking or journey.Onslaught, a violent attack.Tunic, a loose outer garment.Dominions, territories.

Expedition, an undertaking or journey.

Onslaught, a violent attack.

Tunic, a loose outer garment.

Dominions, territories.

XLV.—Page 193.

Disdain, to scorn, to hate.Commendations, praises.Do homage, to yield obedience.Apprehend, to take prisoner.Devise, to plan.Confer, to take counsel.Battle-harness, battle dress with arms.Apparel, clothes.Passport, permission in writing to pass from one country to another.Subscribe, to write one's name.Servitor, one in the king's service.Furniture:i.e.the furniture of a ship—oars, sails, cordage, &c.Ensample, old form ofexample.

Disdain, to scorn, to hate.

Commendations, praises.

Do homage, to yield obedience.

Apprehend, to take prisoner.

Devise, to plan.

Confer, to take counsel.

Battle-harness, battle dress with arms.

Apparel, clothes.

Passport, permission in writing to pass from one country to another.

Subscribe, to write one's name.

Servitor, one in the king's service.

Furniture:i.e.the furniture of a ship—oars, sails, cordage, &c.

Ensample, old form ofexample.

XLVI.—Page 197.

Evil plight, miserable state.Council, a number of men kept by the king to help him with their advice.Enterprise, an undertaking.Perilous, dangerous.Peer, an equal, a match.Stalworth, strong, stout, brave.Knightly, like a knight, valiant and stout-hearted.Seemly, proper, decent.

Evil plight, miserable state.

Council, a number of men kept by the king to help him with their advice.

Enterprise, an undertaking.

Perilous, dangerous.

Peer, an equal, a match.

Stalworth, strong, stout, brave.

Knightly, like a knight, valiant and stout-hearted.

Seemly, proper, decent.

XLVII.—Page 200.

Lists, the enclosed ground where a single combat was to be fought.Obeisance, courtesy, saluting, bowing to.Banquet, a feast.Reverence, great respect.Deeming, believing, thinking. [Entry copied from XVI.—Page 80.Intently, with attention, closely.Grim, very fierce and angry.

Lists, the enclosed ground where a single combat was to be fought.

Obeisance, courtesy, saluting, bowing to.

Banquet, a feast.

Reverence, great respect.

Deeming, believing, thinking. [Entry copied from XVI.—Page 80.

Intently, with attention, closely.

Grim, very fierce and angry.

XLVIII.—Page 203.

Baron, a lord of the lowest rank. The ranks are:—baron, viscount, earl, marquis, duke.Independent, not under the authority of anyone.Goodly presence, a noble or fine appearance.Appease, to pacify.Hobby, a middle-sized horse of Irish breed, much valued.Adversary, an opponent, an enemy.Discord, disagreement, quarrelling.Jars, wrangles, quarrels.Chapter house, a house or room in a cathedral where the clergy meet.Trice, a very short time, as long as one would take to count three.Outface, to dare him up to his face.Green wound, a fresh wound.Devise, to plan.Bungerlie, in a bungling manner.

Baron, a lord of the lowest rank. The ranks are:—baron, viscount, earl, marquis, duke.

Independent, not under the authority of anyone.

Goodly presence, a noble or fine appearance.

Appease, to pacify.

Hobby, a middle-sized horse of Irish breed, much valued.

Adversary, an opponent, an enemy.

Discord, disagreement, quarrelling.

Jars, wrangles, quarrels.

Chapter house, a house or room in a cathedral where the clergy meet.

Trice, a very short time, as long as one would take to count three.

Outface, to dare him up to his face.

Green wound, a fresh wound.

Devise, to plan.

Bungerlie, in a bungling manner.

XLIX.—Page 208.

Cultivate, to study, practise, and improve.Colonists, persons who leave their native land and settle in some distant country.Dirge, a mournful or funeral song.Dialogue, two people speaking in turn, conversation between two.Interrupt, to stop for a time.Placid, quiet, gentle, peaceful.Resume, to take up again.Clansmen, the men belonging to a clan.National music, music that has grown up gradually among the people of a country.Originally, in the beginning.

Cultivate, to study, practise, and improve.

Colonists, persons who leave their native land and settle in some distant country.

Dirge, a mournful or funeral song.

Dialogue, two people speaking in turn, conversation between two.

Interrupt, to stop for a time.

Placid, quiet, gentle, peaceful.

Resume, to take up again.

Clansmen, the men belonging to a clan.

National music, music that has grown up gradually among the people of a country.

Originally, in the beginning.

THE END.

FOOTNOTES:[1]It is necessary to know the substance of this first sketch in order to understand the rest of the book.[2]Inisfail, one of the old names of Ireland.[3]Miled, pronouncedMee-lĕ(two syllables).[4]The Anglo-Norman Invasion will be found described at page175.[5]Demons of the air were evil spirits who were supposed to live, not in underground places like fairies, but in the air. They were very much dreaded and hated.[6]Among the ancient Irish Romantic Tales, three are specially known as "The Three Sorrowful Stories of Erin," viz. "The Fate of the Children of Lir," "The Fate of the Sons of Turenn," both of which relate to the Dedannans; and "The Fate of the Sons of Usna," referring to the Milesian people. The greater part of the "Children of Lir" and the whole of the "Sons of Usna" are given in this book, translated from the Gaelic. "The Fate of the Sons of Turenn" is translated in full in "Old Celtic Romances."[7]Lake Darvra, now Lough Derravaragh, in Westmeath.[8]The sea between Erin and Alban (Ireland and Scotland) was anciently called the Sea of Moyle, from the Moyle, or Mull, of Cantire.[9]Inish Glora; a small island, about five miles west from Belmullet, in the county Mayo, still known by the same name.[10]The Taillkenn, a name given by the druids to St. Patrick.[11]Three hundred years: the Dedannans were regarded as gods and lived an immensely long time.[12]Carricknarone, the "Rock of the Seals": probably the Skerry rock near Portrush in Antrim: but the old name is now forgotten.[13]Short Irish poems often began and ended in the same words, as seen in the above translation.[14]In Ireland, in old times, the dead were often buried standing up in the grave. It was in this way Finola and her brothers were buried.[15]Ogham, a sort of writing often used on tombstones to mark the names of the persons buried. It consisted of lines and points generally cut on the edges of the stone.[16]Clonard, in Meath, on the Boyne. Bangor, in the Co. Down.[17]St. Augustine came to England in the year 596—having been sent by Pope Gregory—and converted to Christianity those of the English who had not been already converted.[18]Quelna or Cooley, the ancient name of the hilly peninsula lying between the bays of Carlingford and Dundalk: the name Cooley is still retained.[19]The translation that follows is quite new, and is now published for the first time. On this fine story is founded the poem of "Deirdre" by Robert Dwyer Joyce, M.D.[20]Ulaid (pron.Ulla), Ulster.[21]The druids professed to be able to foretell by observing the stars and clouds.[22]"Deirdre" is said to mean "alarm."[23]That is 1665. This inverted method of enumeration was often used in Ireland. But they also used direct enumeration like ours.[24]This and the other places named in Deirdre's Farewell are all in the west of Scotland.[25]Irish nameDrum-Sailech; the ridge on which Armagh was afterwards built.[26]These champions, as well as their wives, took care never to show any signs of fear or alarm even in the time of greatest danger: so Naisi and Deirdre kept playing quietly as if nothing was going on outside, though they heard the din of battle resounding.[27]The "ThreeTonnsor Waves of Erin" were the Wave of Tuath outside the mouth of the river Bann, off the coast of Derry; the Wave of Rury in Dundrum Bay, off the county Down; and the Wave of Cleena in Glandore Harbour in the south of Cork. In stormy weather, when the wind blows from certain directions, the sea at those places, as it tumbles over the sandbanks, or among the caves andfissuresof the rocks, utters a loud andsolemnroar, which in old times was believed to forebode the death of some king.The legends also tell that the shield belonging to a king moaned when the person who wore it in battle—whether the king himself or a member of his family—was in danger of death: the moan was heard all over Ireland; and the "Three Waves of Erin" roared inresponse. See "Irish Names of Places," Vol. II., Chap. XVI.[28]Slieve Cullinn, now Slieve Gullion mountain in Armagh.[29]The Red Branch Knights were all pagans; and besides, what they meant here by revenge was merely punishment for a great crime.[30]The Brehon Law: that is, the old law of Ireland.[31]Van Helmont.[32]Fena, spelledFiannain Irish, and pronouncedFeena.[33]The above account of how the Fena hunted, cooked, ate, and slept is fromKeating, who took it from old Irish books.[34]"The Pursuit of the Gilla Dacker and his horse" is ahumorousstory, of which only a few incidents are given here. The Gilla Dacker was really Mannanan Mac Lir, the Pagan Irish sea-god, who came in disguise to play a trick—a sort of practical joke—on the Fena. The whole story is given in "Old Celtic Romances."[35]Knockainey: a hill celebrated in story, rising over the village of Knockainey, in the Co. Limerick.[36]Fomor, a gigantic warrior, a giant: its real meaning is "a sea-robber," commonly called a Fomorian.[37]Gilla Dacker means "a slothful fellow"—a fellow hard to move, hard to manage, hard to have anything to do with.[38]The ancient Irish used drinking vessels of various forms and with several names. A "Drinking-horn" (called acorn: pronouncedcurn) was usually made of a bullock's horn, hollowed out, cut into shape, and often highly ornamented with silver rim, precious stones, carvings, and otherdecorations. A beautiful drinking-horn will be found figured in the "Child's History of Ireland," p. 26. Another kind of drinking vessel—the mether—has been already noticed here (page17above).[39]In books he is often called Columba; but in Ireland he is best known by the name Columkille. This is derived fromcolum[pron.collum] a dove, andcill, orkill, a church: the "Dove of the church." This name was given him when a boy from his gentle, affectionate disposition, and because he was so fond of praying in the little church of Tullydouglas, near where he was born: so that the little boys who were accustomed to play with him used often to ask: "Has our littleColumyet come from the church?"The sketch given here is taken chiefly, but not altogether, from Adamnan's "Life of St. Columba." Adamnan was a native of Tirconnell or Donegal, like Columba himself. He died in the year 703. He was the ninth abbot of Iona, of which Columba was the first. His "Life of St. Columba" is a very beautiful piece of Latin composition.[40]Glastonbury, a town in Somersetshire, in England, where in old times there was a celebrated monastery, much reported to by Irish students.[41]This simple and beautiful narrative of the last days of St. Columkille, including the two pleasing little stories about the crane and the old white horse, with the affecting account of the saint's death, is taken altogether from Adamnan's Life. The circumstances of Columkille's death are, in some respects, very like those attending the death of the Venerable Bede, as recorded in the tender and loving letter of his pupil, the monk Cuthbert. But Adamnan's narrative was written more than forty years before that of Cuthbert.Baithen was St. Columkille's first cousin and his most beloved disciple, and succeeded him as abbot of Iona.[42]This Alfred must be distinguished from Alfred the Great who lived two centuries later.[43]Meath, one of the five Kingdoms into which Ireland was divided. Ben-Edar, the old name of Howth, near Dublin.[44]It was translated very exactly into prose in 1832 by the great Irish scholar Dr. John O'Donovan: the Irish poet James Clarence Mangan turned this prose with very little change into verse, part of which is given here.[45]Cruachan or Croghan in the north of the present Co. Roscommon, the ancient palace of the kings of Connaught: see page52.[46]Slewmargy, now Slievemargy, a low range of hills in Queen's County.[47]Only a few of his adventures are given here: but the whole story of the voyage is in "Old Celtic Romances": see page164, farther on.[48]Thomond, North Munster, namely the present county Clare and parts of Tipperary and Limerick.[49]Curragh, a boat made of basket or wicker work, covered with hides. Curraghs were generally small and light: but some, intended for long voyages, were large and strong, and covered with two, or three, layers of hide one outside another. Sometimes the hides were tanned into leather to give additional strength.[50]For the Book of the Dun Cow and the Yellow Book of Lecan, see p.118.[51]St. Brendan of Clonfert in Kerry, commonly called Brendan the Navigator: born in Kerry in 484. He sailed from near Brandon mountain in Kerry (which is named from him) on his celebrated voyage of seven years on the Atlantic, in which it is related he saw many wonderful things—quite as wonderful as those of Maildune.[52]The Isle of Finn: i.e. of Finn Mac Cumaill: Ireland (see p.92).[53]Fiesole in Tuscany, Italy: pronounced in four syllables: Fee-ess'-o-lĕ.[54]In the "Child's History of Ireland" there is a picture of the round tower and church ruins on this little island.[55]I.e.enrolled in books under the name of Scotia. The natives always called it Erin.[56]Ireland had mines of gold in old times; and silver was also found. Great numbers of Irish gold ornaments, found from time to time in the earth, are now preserved in Museums.[57]Pearls were then found in many Irish rivers; as they are, sometimes, to this day.[58]The Venerable Bede, a great English historian, writing in the eighth century, calls Ireland "a land flowing with milk and honey."[59]Ireland was noted for the plenty and goodness of its wool.[60]Ireland had great warriors, and many learned men and skilful artists (see pp.20,47, and117).[61]There are no venomous reptiles in Ireland. There were then no frogs: but these were afterwards introduced from England.[62]Cong in Mayo, between Lough Corrib and Lough Mask; the remains of an abbey are there still.[63]Knockmoy in Galway, six miles from Tuam: the ruins of the abbey still remain.[64]Mangan wrote many poetical translations from the Irish, as well as from the German and other languages. The "Vision of Connaught" is, however, an original poem, not a translation.[65]Irish,Ceann[can], meaning 'head,' one of the Gaelic titles for a chief.[66]Prince Arthur, the rightful heir to the English throne, was cast into prison by John: he was soon after murdered, which, it was believed, was done by John's orders.[67]At this time the kings of England had a large territory in France so that quarrels often arose between them and the French kings.[68]A further account of the Great Earl, and of some of his proceedings, will be found in the "Child's History of Ireland."

[1]It is necessary to know the substance of this first sketch in order to understand the rest of the book.

[1]It is necessary to know the substance of this first sketch in order to understand the rest of the book.

[2]Inisfail, one of the old names of Ireland.

[2]Inisfail, one of the old names of Ireland.

[3]Miled, pronouncedMee-lĕ(two syllables).

[3]Miled, pronouncedMee-lĕ(two syllables).

[4]The Anglo-Norman Invasion will be found described at page175.

[4]The Anglo-Norman Invasion will be found described at page175.

[5]Demons of the air were evil spirits who were supposed to live, not in underground places like fairies, but in the air. They were very much dreaded and hated.

[5]Demons of the air were evil spirits who were supposed to live, not in underground places like fairies, but in the air. They were very much dreaded and hated.

[6]Among the ancient Irish Romantic Tales, three are specially known as "The Three Sorrowful Stories of Erin," viz. "The Fate of the Children of Lir," "The Fate of the Sons of Turenn," both of which relate to the Dedannans; and "The Fate of the Sons of Usna," referring to the Milesian people. The greater part of the "Children of Lir" and the whole of the "Sons of Usna" are given in this book, translated from the Gaelic. "The Fate of the Sons of Turenn" is translated in full in "Old Celtic Romances."

[6]Among the ancient Irish Romantic Tales, three are specially known as "The Three Sorrowful Stories of Erin," viz. "The Fate of the Children of Lir," "The Fate of the Sons of Turenn," both of which relate to the Dedannans; and "The Fate of the Sons of Usna," referring to the Milesian people. The greater part of the "Children of Lir" and the whole of the "Sons of Usna" are given in this book, translated from the Gaelic. "The Fate of the Sons of Turenn" is translated in full in "Old Celtic Romances."

[7]Lake Darvra, now Lough Derravaragh, in Westmeath.

[7]Lake Darvra, now Lough Derravaragh, in Westmeath.

[8]The sea between Erin and Alban (Ireland and Scotland) was anciently called the Sea of Moyle, from the Moyle, or Mull, of Cantire.

[8]The sea between Erin and Alban (Ireland and Scotland) was anciently called the Sea of Moyle, from the Moyle, or Mull, of Cantire.

[9]Inish Glora; a small island, about five miles west from Belmullet, in the county Mayo, still known by the same name.

[9]Inish Glora; a small island, about five miles west from Belmullet, in the county Mayo, still known by the same name.

[10]The Taillkenn, a name given by the druids to St. Patrick.

[10]The Taillkenn, a name given by the druids to St. Patrick.

[11]Three hundred years: the Dedannans were regarded as gods and lived an immensely long time.

[11]Three hundred years: the Dedannans were regarded as gods and lived an immensely long time.

[12]Carricknarone, the "Rock of the Seals": probably the Skerry rock near Portrush in Antrim: but the old name is now forgotten.

[12]Carricknarone, the "Rock of the Seals": probably the Skerry rock near Portrush in Antrim: but the old name is now forgotten.

[13]Short Irish poems often began and ended in the same words, as seen in the above translation.

[13]Short Irish poems often began and ended in the same words, as seen in the above translation.

[14]In Ireland, in old times, the dead were often buried standing up in the grave. It was in this way Finola and her brothers were buried.

[14]In Ireland, in old times, the dead were often buried standing up in the grave. It was in this way Finola and her brothers were buried.

[15]Ogham, a sort of writing often used on tombstones to mark the names of the persons buried. It consisted of lines and points generally cut on the edges of the stone.

[15]Ogham, a sort of writing often used on tombstones to mark the names of the persons buried. It consisted of lines and points generally cut on the edges of the stone.

[16]Clonard, in Meath, on the Boyne. Bangor, in the Co. Down.

[16]Clonard, in Meath, on the Boyne. Bangor, in the Co. Down.

[17]St. Augustine came to England in the year 596—having been sent by Pope Gregory—and converted to Christianity those of the English who had not been already converted.

[17]St. Augustine came to England in the year 596—having been sent by Pope Gregory—and converted to Christianity those of the English who had not been already converted.

[18]Quelna or Cooley, the ancient name of the hilly peninsula lying between the bays of Carlingford and Dundalk: the name Cooley is still retained.

[18]Quelna or Cooley, the ancient name of the hilly peninsula lying between the bays of Carlingford and Dundalk: the name Cooley is still retained.

[19]The translation that follows is quite new, and is now published for the first time. On this fine story is founded the poem of "Deirdre" by Robert Dwyer Joyce, M.D.

[19]The translation that follows is quite new, and is now published for the first time. On this fine story is founded the poem of "Deirdre" by Robert Dwyer Joyce, M.D.

[20]Ulaid (pron.Ulla), Ulster.

[20]Ulaid (pron.Ulla), Ulster.

[21]The druids professed to be able to foretell by observing the stars and clouds.

[21]The druids professed to be able to foretell by observing the stars and clouds.

[22]"Deirdre" is said to mean "alarm."

[22]"Deirdre" is said to mean "alarm."

[23]That is 1665. This inverted method of enumeration was often used in Ireland. But they also used direct enumeration like ours.

[23]That is 1665. This inverted method of enumeration was often used in Ireland. But they also used direct enumeration like ours.

[24]This and the other places named in Deirdre's Farewell are all in the west of Scotland.

[24]This and the other places named in Deirdre's Farewell are all in the west of Scotland.

[25]Irish nameDrum-Sailech; the ridge on which Armagh was afterwards built.

[25]Irish nameDrum-Sailech; the ridge on which Armagh was afterwards built.

[26]These champions, as well as their wives, took care never to show any signs of fear or alarm even in the time of greatest danger: so Naisi and Deirdre kept playing quietly as if nothing was going on outside, though they heard the din of battle resounding.

[26]These champions, as well as their wives, took care never to show any signs of fear or alarm even in the time of greatest danger: so Naisi and Deirdre kept playing quietly as if nothing was going on outside, though they heard the din of battle resounding.

[27]The "ThreeTonnsor Waves of Erin" were the Wave of Tuath outside the mouth of the river Bann, off the coast of Derry; the Wave of Rury in Dundrum Bay, off the county Down; and the Wave of Cleena in Glandore Harbour in the south of Cork. In stormy weather, when the wind blows from certain directions, the sea at those places, as it tumbles over the sandbanks, or among the caves andfissuresof the rocks, utters a loud andsolemnroar, which in old times was believed to forebode the death of some king.The legends also tell that the shield belonging to a king moaned when the person who wore it in battle—whether the king himself or a member of his family—was in danger of death: the moan was heard all over Ireland; and the "Three Waves of Erin" roared inresponse. See "Irish Names of Places," Vol. II., Chap. XVI.

[27]The "ThreeTonnsor Waves of Erin" were the Wave of Tuath outside the mouth of the river Bann, off the coast of Derry; the Wave of Rury in Dundrum Bay, off the county Down; and the Wave of Cleena in Glandore Harbour in the south of Cork. In stormy weather, when the wind blows from certain directions, the sea at those places, as it tumbles over the sandbanks, or among the caves andfissuresof the rocks, utters a loud andsolemnroar, which in old times was believed to forebode the death of some king.

The legends also tell that the shield belonging to a king moaned when the person who wore it in battle—whether the king himself or a member of his family—was in danger of death: the moan was heard all over Ireland; and the "Three Waves of Erin" roared inresponse. See "Irish Names of Places," Vol. II., Chap. XVI.

[28]Slieve Cullinn, now Slieve Gullion mountain in Armagh.

[28]Slieve Cullinn, now Slieve Gullion mountain in Armagh.

[29]The Red Branch Knights were all pagans; and besides, what they meant here by revenge was merely punishment for a great crime.

[29]The Red Branch Knights were all pagans; and besides, what they meant here by revenge was merely punishment for a great crime.

[30]The Brehon Law: that is, the old law of Ireland.

[30]The Brehon Law: that is, the old law of Ireland.

[31]Van Helmont.

[31]Van Helmont.

[32]Fena, spelledFiannain Irish, and pronouncedFeena.

[32]Fena, spelledFiannain Irish, and pronouncedFeena.

[33]The above account of how the Fena hunted, cooked, ate, and slept is fromKeating, who took it from old Irish books.

[33]The above account of how the Fena hunted, cooked, ate, and slept is fromKeating, who took it from old Irish books.

[34]"The Pursuit of the Gilla Dacker and his horse" is ahumorousstory, of which only a few incidents are given here. The Gilla Dacker was really Mannanan Mac Lir, the Pagan Irish sea-god, who came in disguise to play a trick—a sort of practical joke—on the Fena. The whole story is given in "Old Celtic Romances."

[34]"The Pursuit of the Gilla Dacker and his horse" is ahumorousstory, of which only a few incidents are given here. The Gilla Dacker was really Mannanan Mac Lir, the Pagan Irish sea-god, who came in disguise to play a trick—a sort of practical joke—on the Fena. The whole story is given in "Old Celtic Romances."

[35]Knockainey: a hill celebrated in story, rising over the village of Knockainey, in the Co. Limerick.

[35]Knockainey: a hill celebrated in story, rising over the village of Knockainey, in the Co. Limerick.

[36]Fomor, a gigantic warrior, a giant: its real meaning is "a sea-robber," commonly called a Fomorian.

[36]Fomor, a gigantic warrior, a giant: its real meaning is "a sea-robber," commonly called a Fomorian.

[37]Gilla Dacker means "a slothful fellow"—a fellow hard to move, hard to manage, hard to have anything to do with.

[37]Gilla Dacker means "a slothful fellow"—a fellow hard to move, hard to manage, hard to have anything to do with.

[38]The ancient Irish used drinking vessels of various forms and with several names. A "Drinking-horn" (called acorn: pronouncedcurn) was usually made of a bullock's horn, hollowed out, cut into shape, and often highly ornamented with silver rim, precious stones, carvings, and otherdecorations. A beautiful drinking-horn will be found figured in the "Child's History of Ireland," p. 26. Another kind of drinking vessel—the mether—has been already noticed here (page17above).

[38]The ancient Irish used drinking vessels of various forms and with several names. A "Drinking-horn" (called acorn: pronouncedcurn) was usually made of a bullock's horn, hollowed out, cut into shape, and often highly ornamented with silver rim, precious stones, carvings, and otherdecorations. A beautiful drinking-horn will be found figured in the "Child's History of Ireland," p. 26. Another kind of drinking vessel—the mether—has been already noticed here (page17above).

[39]In books he is often called Columba; but in Ireland he is best known by the name Columkille. This is derived fromcolum[pron.collum] a dove, andcill, orkill, a church: the "Dove of the church." This name was given him when a boy from his gentle, affectionate disposition, and because he was so fond of praying in the little church of Tullydouglas, near where he was born: so that the little boys who were accustomed to play with him used often to ask: "Has our littleColumyet come from the church?"The sketch given here is taken chiefly, but not altogether, from Adamnan's "Life of St. Columba." Adamnan was a native of Tirconnell or Donegal, like Columba himself. He died in the year 703. He was the ninth abbot of Iona, of which Columba was the first. His "Life of St. Columba" is a very beautiful piece of Latin composition.

[39]In books he is often called Columba; but in Ireland he is best known by the name Columkille. This is derived fromcolum[pron.collum] a dove, andcill, orkill, a church: the "Dove of the church." This name was given him when a boy from his gentle, affectionate disposition, and because he was so fond of praying in the little church of Tullydouglas, near where he was born: so that the little boys who were accustomed to play with him used often to ask: "Has our littleColumyet come from the church?"

The sketch given here is taken chiefly, but not altogether, from Adamnan's "Life of St. Columba." Adamnan was a native of Tirconnell or Donegal, like Columba himself. He died in the year 703. He was the ninth abbot of Iona, of which Columba was the first. His "Life of St. Columba" is a very beautiful piece of Latin composition.

[40]Glastonbury, a town in Somersetshire, in England, where in old times there was a celebrated monastery, much reported to by Irish students.

[40]Glastonbury, a town in Somersetshire, in England, where in old times there was a celebrated monastery, much reported to by Irish students.

[41]This simple and beautiful narrative of the last days of St. Columkille, including the two pleasing little stories about the crane and the old white horse, with the affecting account of the saint's death, is taken altogether from Adamnan's Life. The circumstances of Columkille's death are, in some respects, very like those attending the death of the Venerable Bede, as recorded in the tender and loving letter of his pupil, the monk Cuthbert. But Adamnan's narrative was written more than forty years before that of Cuthbert.Baithen was St. Columkille's first cousin and his most beloved disciple, and succeeded him as abbot of Iona.

[41]This simple and beautiful narrative of the last days of St. Columkille, including the two pleasing little stories about the crane and the old white horse, with the affecting account of the saint's death, is taken altogether from Adamnan's Life. The circumstances of Columkille's death are, in some respects, very like those attending the death of the Venerable Bede, as recorded in the tender and loving letter of his pupil, the monk Cuthbert. But Adamnan's narrative was written more than forty years before that of Cuthbert.

Baithen was St. Columkille's first cousin and his most beloved disciple, and succeeded him as abbot of Iona.

[42]This Alfred must be distinguished from Alfred the Great who lived two centuries later.

[42]This Alfred must be distinguished from Alfred the Great who lived two centuries later.

[43]Meath, one of the five Kingdoms into which Ireland was divided. Ben-Edar, the old name of Howth, near Dublin.

[43]Meath, one of the five Kingdoms into which Ireland was divided. Ben-Edar, the old name of Howth, near Dublin.

[44]It was translated very exactly into prose in 1832 by the great Irish scholar Dr. John O'Donovan: the Irish poet James Clarence Mangan turned this prose with very little change into verse, part of which is given here.

[44]It was translated very exactly into prose in 1832 by the great Irish scholar Dr. John O'Donovan: the Irish poet James Clarence Mangan turned this prose with very little change into verse, part of which is given here.

[45]Cruachan or Croghan in the north of the present Co. Roscommon, the ancient palace of the kings of Connaught: see page52.

[45]Cruachan or Croghan in the north of the present Co. Roscommon, the ancient palace of the kings of Connaught: see page52.

[46]Slewmargy, now Slievemargy, a low range of hills in Queen's County.

[46]Slewmargy, now Slievemargy, a low range of hills in Queen's County.

[47]Only a few of his adventures are given here: but the whole story of the voyage is in "Old Celtic Romances": see page164, farther on.

[47]Only a few of his adventures are given here: but the whole story of the voyage is in "Old Celtic Romances": see page164, farther on.

[48]Thomond, North Munster, namely the present county Clare and parts of Tipperary and Limerick.

[48]Thomond, North Munster, namely the present county Clare and parts of Tipperary and Limerick.

[49]Curragh, a boat made of basket or wicker work, covered with hides. Curraghs were generally small and light: but some, intended for long voyages, were large and strong, and covered with two, or three, layers of hide one outside another. Sometimes the hides were tanned into leather to give additional strength.

[49]Curragh, a boat made of basket or wicker work, covered with hides. Curraghs were generally small and light: but some, intended for long voyages, were large and strong, and covered with two, or three, layers of hide one outside another. Sometimes the hides were tanned into leather to give additional strength.

[50]For the Book of the Dun Cow and the Yellow Book of Lecan, see p.118.

[50]For the Book of the Dun Cow and the Yellow Book of Lecan, see p.118.

[51]St. Brendan of Clonfert in Kerry, commonly called Brendan the Navigator: born in Kerry in 484. He sailed from near Brandon mountain in Kerry (which is named from him) on his celebrated voyage of seven years on the Atlantic, in which it is related he saw many wonderful things—quite as wonderful as those of Maildune.

[51]St. Brendan of Clonfert in Kerry, commonly called Brendan the Navigator: born in Kerry in 484. He sailed from near Brandon mountain in Kerry (which is named from him) on his celebrated voyage of seven years on the Atlantic, in which it is related he saw many wonderful things—quite as wonderful as those of Maildune.

[52]The Isle of Finn: i.e. of Finn Mac Cumaill: Ireland (see p.92).

[52]The Isle of Finn: i.e. of Finn Mac Cumaill: Ireland (see p.92).

[53]Fiesole in Tuscany, Italy: pronounced in four syllables: Fee-ess'-o-lĕ.

[53]Fiesole in Tuscany, Italy: pronounced in four syllables: Fee-ess'-o-lĕ.

[54]In the "Child's History of Ireland" there is a picture of the round tower and church ruins on this little island.

[54]In the "Child's History of Ireland" there is a picture of the round tower and church ruins on this little island.

[55]I.e.enrolled in books under the name of Scotia. The natives always called it Erin.

[55]I.e.enrolled in books under the name of Scotia. The natives always called it Erin.

[56]Ireland had mines of gold in old times; and silver was also found. Great numbers of Irish gold ornaments, found from time to time in the earth, are now preserved in Museums.

[56]Ireland had mines of gold in old times; and silver was also found. Great numbers of Irish gold ornaments, found from time to time in the earth, are now preserved in Museums.

[57]Pearls were then found in many Irish rivers; as they are, sometimes, to this day.

[57]Pearls were then found in many Irish rivers; as they are, sometimes, to this day.

[58]The Venerable Bede, a great English historian, writing in the eighth century, calls Ireland "a land flowing with milk and honey."

[58]The Venerable Bede, a great English historian, writing in the eighth century, calls Ireland "a land flowing with milk and honey."

[59]Ireland was noted for the plenty and goodness of its wool.

[59]Ireland was noted for the plenty and goodness of its wool.

[60]Ireland had great warriors, and many learned men and skilful artists (see pp.20,47, and117).

[60]Ireland had great warriors, and many learned men and skilful artists (see pp.20,47, and117).

[61]There are no venomous reptiles in Ireland. There were then no frogs: but these were afterwards introduced from England.

[61]There are no venomous reptiles in Ireland. There were then no frogs: but these were afterwards introduced from England.

[62]Cong in Mayo, between Lough Corrib and Lough Mask; the remains of an abbey are there still.

[62]Cong in Mayo, between Lough Corrib and Lough Mask; the remains of an abbey are there still.

[63]Knockmoy in Galway, six miles from Tuam: the ruins of the abbey still remain.

[63]Knockmoy in Galway, six miles from Tuam: the ruins of the abbey still remain.

[64]Mangan wrote many poetical translations from the Irish, as well as from the German and other languages. The "Vision of Connaught" is, however, an original poem, not a translation.

[64]Mangan wrote many poetical translations from the Irish, as well as from the German and other languages. The "Vision of Connaught" is, however, an original poem, not a translation.

[65]Irish,Ceann[can], meaning 'head,' one of the Gaelic titles for a chief.

[65]Irish,Ceann[can], meaning 'head,' one of the Gaelic titles for a chief.

[66]Prince Arthur, the rightful heir to the English throne, was cast into prison by John: he was soon after murdered, which, it was believed, was done by John's orders.

[66]Prince Arthur, the rightful heir to the English throne, was cast into prison by John: he was soon after murdered, which, it was believed, was done by John's orders.

[67]At this time the kings of England had a large territory in France so that quarrels often arose between them and the French kings.

[67]At this time the kings of England had a large territory in France so that quarrels often arose between them and the French kings.

[68]A further account of the Great Earl, and of some of his proceedings, will be found in the "Child's History of Ireland."

[68]A further account of the Great Earl, and of some of his proceedings, will be found in the "Child's History of Ireland."

Transcriber's Notes:The following corrections have been made to the text:Page 5, second line from bottom: named Fergus,[missing comma added] Angus, and Lorne.Page 8, last line: sun and moon.[missing period added]Page 13, description of illustration on the right: size of the picture.[missing period added]Page 16, line 1: and not nearly so good[original has goo]Page 17, last line: There was then no whiskey.[missing period added]Page 28, last line: My heart shall know one peaceful hour.[missing period added]Page 31, line 9: The cold and briny spray.[missing period added]Page 49, line 3 of illustration caption: are in the National Museum,[missing comma added]Page 64, fifth line from bottom: three drops of honey in their beaks,[missing comma added]Page 65, line 1: "It denotes the message from Concobar to us,"[close quote added]Page 65, last line: "[open quote added]even though my sway should be greater here."Page 67, line 9: "[open quote added]Kil-Cuan, O Kil-Cuan,Page 68, second line from bottom: "[original has ']Here I have a three-days banquet ready for thee, and I invite thee to come and partake of it."Page 69, fourth line from bottom: accustomed to defend ourselves!"[original has ']Page 70, line 14: "[original has ']Why didst thou tarry, my princess?"Page 82, line 16: "[open quote added]Three generous heroes of the Red Branch,Page 90, sixth line from bottom: More especially I[missing 'I' added] charge them that they do their duty devotedlyPage 94, line 15: never using horses in the chase.[original has ,]Page 94, line 22: beside a stream or lake.[original has ,]Page 94, last line: next another layer of hot stones:[colon added]Page 107, line 11: accounts of her life[original has Life] we are toldPage 108, caption for illustration: ten miles from[original has rom] Cork city.Page 113, last line: ages of darkness and storm."[original has ']Page 132, seventh line from bottom: "[original has ']Surely, Dermot O'Dyna,Page 158, line 2: "Heaven has guided our ship to this place.[missing period added]Page 163, seventh line from bottom: remained here for some days,[missing comma added]Page 164, chapter title: TENNYSON'S "VOYAGE OF MAILDUNE."[original has ']Page 164, line 13: "[original has ']The Voyage of Maildune."Page 177, line 3: and they built splendid abbeys,[missing comma added] churches,Page 210, line 2: in every part of Ireland.[missing period added]Page 210, line 6: i.e., laments, or dirges.[missing period added]Page 213, seventh entry under 'IV.—Page 14.': Establishment, the whole house, and[original has an] all belonging to it.Page 218, third entry under 'XXXIV.—Page 155.': Sack, to plunder and destroy[original has distroy].

The following corrections have been made to the text:

Page 5, second line from bottom: named Fergus,[missing comma added] Angus, and Lorne.Page 8, last line: sun and moon.[missing period added]Page 13, description of illustration on the right: size of the picture.[missing period added]Page 16, line 1: and not nearly so good[original has goo]Page 17, last line: There was then no whiskey.[missing period added]Page 28, last line: My heart shall know one peaceful hour.[missing period added]Page 31, line 9: The cold and briny spray.[missing period added]Page 49, line 3 of illustration caption: are in the National Museum,[missing comma added]Page 64, fifth line from bottom: three drops of honey in their beaks,[missing comma added]Page 65, line 1: "It denotes the message from Concobar to us,"[close quote added]Page 65, last line: "[open quote added]even though my sway should be greater here."Page 67, line 9: "[open quote added]Kil-Cuan, O Kil-Cuan,Page 68, second line from bottom: "[original has ']Here I have a three-days banquet ready for thee, and I invite thee to come and partake of it."Page 69, fourth line from bottom: accustomed to defend ourselves!"[original has ']Page 70, line 14: "[original has ']Why didst thou tarry, my princess?"Page 82, line 16: "[open quote added]Three generous heroes of the Red Branch,Page 90, sixth line from bottom: More especially I[missing 'I' added] charge them that they do their duty devotedlyPage 94, line 15: never using horses in the chase.[original has ,]Page 94, line 22: beside a stream or lake.[original has ,]Page 94, last line: next another layer of hot stones:[colon added]Page 107, line 11: accounts of her life[original has Life] we are toldPage 108, caption for illustration: ten miles from[original has rom] Cork city.Page 113, last line: ages of darkness and storm."[original has ']Page 132, seventh line from bottom: "[original has ']Surely, Dermot O'Dyna,Page 158, line 2: "Heaven has guided our ship to this place.[missing period added]Page 163, seventh line from bottom: remained here for some days,[missing comma added]Page 164, chapter title: TENNYSON'S "VOYAGE OF MAILDUNE."[original has ']Page 164, line 13: "[original has ']The Voyage of Maildune."Page 177, line 3: and they built splendid abbeys,[missing comma added] churches,Page 210, line 2: in every part of Ireland.[missing period added]Page 210, line 6: i.e., laments, or dirges.[missing period added]Page 213, seventh entry under 'IV.—Page 14.': Establishment, the whole house, and[original has an] all belonging to it.Page 218, third entry under 'XXXIV.—Page 155.': Sack, to plunder and destroy[original has distroy].

Page 5, second line from bottom: named Fergus,[missing comma added] Angus, and Lorne.

Page 8, last line: sun and moon.[missing period added]

Page 13, description of illustration on the right: size of the picture.[missing period added]

Page 16, line 1: and not nearly so good[original has goo]

Page 17, last line: There was then no whiskey.[missing period added]

Page 28, last line: My heart shall know one peaceful hour.[missing period added]

Page 31, line 9: The cold and briny spray.[missing period added]

Page 49, line 3 of illustration caption: are in the National Museum,[missing comma added]

Page 64, fifth line from bottom: three drops of honey in their beaks,[missing comma added]

Page 65, line 1: "It denotes the message from Concobar to us,"[close quote added]

Page 65, last line: "[open quote added]even though my sway should be greater here."

Page 67, line 9: "[open quote added]Kil-Cuan, O Kil-Cuan,

Page 68, second line from bottom: "[original has ']Here I have a three-days banquet ready for thee, and I invite thee to come and partake of it."

Page 69, fourth line from bottom: accustomed to defend ourselves!"[original has ']

Page 70, line 14: "[original has ']Why didst thou tarry, my princess?"

Page 82, line 16: "[open quote added]Three generous heroes of the Red Branch,

Page 90, sixth line from bottom: More especially I[missing 'I' added] charge them that they do their duty devotedly

Page 94, line 15: never using horses in the chase.[original has ,]

Page 94, line 22: beside a stream or lake.[original has ,]

Page 94, last line: next another layer of hot stones:[colon added]

Page 107, line 11: accounts of her life[original has Life] we are told

Page 108, caption for illustration: ten miles from[original has rom] Cork city.

Page 113, last line: ages of darkness and storm."[original has ']

Page 132, seventh line from bottom: "[original has ']Surely, Dermot O'Dyna,

Page 158, line 2: "Heaven has guided our ship to this place.[missing period added]

Page 163, seventh line from bottom: remained here for some days,[missing comma added]

Page 164, chapter title: TENNYSON'S "VOYAGE OF MAILDUNE."[original has ']

Page 164, line 13: "[original has ']The Voyage of Maildune."

Page 177, line 3: and they built splendid abbeys,[missing comma added] churches,

Page 210, line 2: in every part of Ireland.[missing period added]

Page 210, line 6: i.e., laments, or dirges.[missing period added]

Page 213, seventh entry under 'IV.—Page 14.': Establishment, the whole house, and[original has an] all belonging to it.

Page 218, third entry under 'XXXIV.—Page 155.': Sack, to plunder and destroy[original has distroy].


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