Chapter XI. Trade Relations of Hispanic America and the United States.
1. Origins of trade.2. Development of trade during the 19th century:a. Comparative predominance of United States to about 1850.b. Disruption of trade during War of Secession.c. Increased European competition after Franco-Prussian war.3. History of trade in the 20th century.4. Volume of contemporary trade, export and import, with United States; with Europe.5. Character of the trade:a. Standard articles imported and exported.b. Non-competitive goods and raw products.c. Competitive goods.6. Purchasing power of Hispanic American countries.7. Misconceptions, current in United States, as to Hispanic-American habits of business.8. Obstacles in the way of trade:a. Lack of merchant marine.b. Established habits and traditions of trade.c. Ignorance of market and the accepted methods of trade:1. Market demands.2. Transportation problems.3. Tariff administrations.d. Long term credits.e. Lack of organization to secure the trade.9. Methods for improvement.10. The Webb-Pomerene Act.11. Effects of the European war of 1914; construction of the Panama Canal.12. Increase of American business interests in Hispanic America.Readings:Atlas America Latina; Verrill,South and Central American Trade Conditions of Today, 168-179; U. S. Sen.Doc. No. 737, 60th Cong., 2d Sess., (Fisher,Ethnography and Commercial Importance of Latin America and the West Indies); House Doc., No. 154, 59 Cong., 2d Sess.; Aughinbaugh,Selling Latin America; Babson,The Future of South America; Bonsal,The American Mediterranean; Chandler,Inter-American Acquaintances; Hough,Practical Exporting; Shepherd, 168-179; ——,Our South American Trade(Pol. Science Quart., Dec., 1909); Filsinger,Exporting to Latin America; Savay,The Science of Foreign Trade; Pepper,American Foreign Trade; Cooper,Understanding South America; Wilson,South America as an Export Field, (Sp. Agt. Ser. No. 81, 1914, Dept. of Com.); South American Supplement, LondonTimes; U. S. consular reports; reports of the Department of Commerce and Labor (now Department of Commerce).
1. Origins of trade.2. Development of trade during the 19th century:a. Comparative predominance of United States to about 1850.b. Disruption of trade during War of Secession.c. Increased European competition after Franco-Prussian war.3. History of trade in the 20th century.4. Volume of contemporary trade, export and import, with United States; with Europe.5. Character of the trade:a. Standard articles imported and exported.b. Non-competitive goods and raw products.c. Competitive goods.6. Purchasing power of Hispanic American countries.7. Misconceptions, current in United States, as to Hispanic-American habits of business.8. Obstacles in the way of trade:a. Lack of merchant marine.b. Established habits and traditions of trade.c. Ignorance of market and the accepted methods of trade:1. Market demands.2. Transportation problems.3. Tariff administrations.d. Long term credits.e. Lack of organization to secure the trade.9. Methods for improvement.10. The Webb-Pomerene Act.11. Effects of the European war of 1914; construction of the Panama Canal.12. Increase of American business interests in Hispanic America.
1. Origins of trade.
2. Development of trade during the 19th century:
a. Comparative predominance of United States to about 1850.b. Disruption of trade during War of Secession.c. Increased European competition after Franco-Prussian war.
a. Comparative predominance of United States to about 1850.
b. Disruption of trade during War of Secession.
c. Increased European competition after Franco-Prussian war.
3. History of trade in the 20th century.
4. Volume of contemporary trade, export and import, with United States; with Europe.
5. Character of the trade:
a. Standard articles imported and exported.b. Non-competitive goods and raw products.c. Competitive goods.
a. Standard articles imported and exported.
b. Non-competitive goods and raw products.
c. Competitive goods.
6. Purchasing power of Hispanic American countries.
7. Misconceptions, current in United States, as to Hispanic-American habits of business.
8. Obstacles in the way of trade:
a. Lack of merchant marine.b. Established habits and traditions of trade.c. Ignorance of market and the accepted methods of trade:1. Market demands.2. Transportation problems.3. Tariff administrations.d. Long term credits.e. Lack of organization to secure the trade.
a. Lack of merchant marine.
b. Established habits and traditions of trade.
c. Ignorance of market and the accepted methods of trade:
1. Market demands.2. Transportation problems.3. Tariff administrations.
1. Market demands.
2. Transportation problems.
3. Tariff administrations.
d. Long term credits.
e. Lack of organization to secure the trade.
9. Methods for improvement.
10. The Webb-Pomerene Act.
11. Effects of the European war of 1914; construction of the Panama Canal.
12. Increase of American business interests in Hispanic America.
Readings:Atlas America Latina; Verrill,South and Central American Trade Conditions of Today, 168-179; U. S. Sen.Doc. No. 737, 60th Cong., 2d Sess., (Fisher,Ethnography and Commercial Importance of Latin America and the West Indies); House Doc., No. 154, 59 Cong., 2d Sess.; Aughinbaugh,Selling Latin America; Babson,The Future of South America; Bonsal,The American Mediterranean; Chandler,Inter-American Acquaintances; Hough,Practical Exporting; Shepherd, 168-179; ——,Our South American Trade(Pol. Science Quart., Dec., 1909); Filsinger,Exporting to Latin America; Savay,The Science of Foreign Trade; Pepper,American Foreign Trade; Cooper,Understanding South America; Wilson,South America as an Export Field, (Sp. Agt. Ser. No. 81, 1914, Dept. of Com.); South American Supplement, LondonTimes; U. S. consular reports; reports of the Department of Commerce and Labor (now Department of Commerce).
Readings:Atlas America Latina; Verrill,South and Central American Trade Conditions of Today, 168-179; U. S. Sen.Doc. No. 737, 60th Cong., 2d Sess., (Fisher,Ethnography and Commercial Importance of Latin America and the West Indies); House Doc., No. 154, 59 Cong., 2d Sess.; Aughinbaugh,Selling Latin America; Babson,The Future of South America; Bonsal,The American Mediterranean; Chandler,Inter-American Acquaintances; Hough,Practical Exporting; Shepherd, 168-179; ——,Our South American Trade(Pol. Science Quart., Dec., 1909); Filsinger,Exporting to Latin America; Savay,The Science of Foreign Trade; Pepper,American Foreign Trade; Cooper,Understanding South America; Wilson,South America as an Export Field, (Sp. Agt. Ser. No. 81, 1914, Dept. of Com.); South American Supplement, LondonTimes; U. S. consular reports; reports of the Department of Commerce and Labor (now Department of Commerce).
Chapter XII. Hispanic America and the World War.
1. Economic and political influences of the war.2. Hispanic-American products necessary in the prosecution of the war.3. Efforts to secure sympathy for one or the other group of belligerents; policies of neutrality; cultural factors in the situation: Germany as a menace.4. Improvement in the financial situation; development of Pan Americanism: the financial congresses.5. Growth of anti-German sentiment in certain countries; Ruy Barbosa's indictment of Germany; the Luxburg and Zimmermann dispatches.6. Effect of the entrance of the United States into the war.7. Hispanic America in the war:a. Nations which declared war: Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama.b. Nations which severed relations with Germany: Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, Santo Domingo, Uruguay.c. The neutral countries: Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Salvador, Venezuela, Paraguay.d. Services of Brazil and Cuba.8. Hispanic America and the Peace Conference; the prominent part played by Brazil.9. The Tacna-Arica question in a new phase.10. Attitude toward the League of Nations; Brazil as a member of the Supreme Council; the states which joined the league.11. The Monroe Doctrine during the war; projects for an inter-American league of states.12. Economic results of the war upon Hispanic America.Readings: Martin,Latin America and the War, (League of Nations, II, No. 4); Kirkpatrick,South America and the War; Rowe,Early Effects of the War upon Finance, Commerce, and Industry of Peru; Ferrara,La doctrine de Monroe y la liga de las naciones; Galliard,Amerique latine et Europe occidentale; Wagner,L'Allemagne et l'Amerique Latine; Quesada, El "peligro Aleman" en sud America; Yearbooks and periodicals.
1. Economic and political influences of the war.2. Hispanic-American products necessary in the prosecution of the war.3. Efforts to secure sympathy for one or the other group of belligerents; policies of neutrality; cultural factors in the situation: Germany as a menace.4. Improvement in the financial situation; development of Pan Americanism: the financial congresses.5. Growth of anti-German sentiment in certain countries; Ruy Barbosa's indictment of Germany; the Luxburg and Zimmermann dispatches.6. Effect of the entrance of the United States into the war.7. Hispanic America in the war:a. Nations which declared war: Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama.b. Nations which severed relations with Germany: Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, Santo Domingo, Uruguay.c. The neutral countries: Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Salvador, Venezuela, Paraguay.d. Services of Brazil and Cuba.8. Hispanic America and the Peace Conference; the prominent part played by Brazil.9. The Tacna-Arica question in a new phase.10. Attitude toward the League of Nations; Brazil as a member of the Supreme Council; the states which joined the league.11. The Monroe Doctrine during the war; projects for an inter-American league of states.12. Economic results of the war upon Hispanic America.
1. Economic and political influences of the war.
2. Hispanic-American products necessary in the prosecution of the war.
3. Efforts to secure sympathy for one or the other group of belligerents; policies of neutrality; cultural factors in the situation: Germany as a menace.
4. Improvement in the financial situation; development of Pan Americanism: the financial congresses.
5. Growth of anti-German sentiment in certain countries; Ruy Barbosa's indictment of Germany; the Luxburg and Zimmermann dispatches.
6. Effect of the entrance of the United States into the war.
7. Hispanic America in the war:
a. Nations which declared war: Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama.b. Nations which severed relations with Germany: Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, Santo Domingo, Uruguay.c. The neutral countries: Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Salvador, Venezuela, Paraguay.d. Services of Brazil and Cuba.
a. Nations which declared war: Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama.
b. Nations which severed relations with Germany: Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, Santo Domingo, Uruguay.
c. The neutral countries: Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Salvador, Venezuela, Paraguay.
d. Services of Brazil and Cuba.
8. Hispanic America and the Peace Conference; the prominent part played by Brazil.
9. The Tacna-Arica question in a new phase.
10. Attitude toward the League of Nations; Brazil as a member of the Supreme Council; the states which joined the league.
11. The Monroe Doctrine during the war; projects for an inter-American league of states.
12. Economic results of the war upon Hispanic America.
Readings: Martin,Latin America and the War, (League of Nations, II, No. 4); Kirkpatrick,South America and the War; Rowe,Early Effects of the War upon Finance, Commerce, and Industry of Peru; Ferrara,La doctrine de Monroe y la liga de las naciones; Galliard,Amerique latine et Europe occidentale; Wagner,L'Allemagne et l'Amerique Latine; Quesada, El "peligro Aleman" en sud America; Yearbooks and periodicals.
Readings: Martin,Latin America and the War, (League of Nations, II, No. 4); Kirkpatrick,South America and the War; Rowe,Early Effects of the War upon Finance, Commerce, and Industry of Peru; Ferrara,La doctrine de Monroe y la liga de las naciones; Galliard,Amerique latine et Europe occidentale; Wagner,L'Allemagne et l'Amerique Latine; Quesada, El "peligro Aleman" en sud America; Yearbooks and periodicals.
Chapter XIII. Contemporary History, Problems, and Achievements of Hispanic America.
1. Political:a. Political and governmental stability.b. Politics in practice and principle.c. Modern conventions, platforms, and elections.d. Restrictions of the ballot.e. Professional men in politics.f. Absence of political experience by the masses.g. Necessity of developing public interest in politics and political philosophy.h. Appearance of new political issues.i. Electoral reform: Argentina.j. Civil Service in Hispanic America.k. State or Church control over education.l. Municipal government:1. History of progress.2. Public utilities; fire departments; police system; water works; public sanitation; municipal ownership.m. Social legislation.n. Passing of the South American type of revolution.Readings: Garcia Calderon, 222-248, 365-677; Shepherd, 141-150; Scruggs,The Colombian and Venezuelan Republics; Vera y Gonzalez, Elementos de historia contemporanea deAmerica; Heredia,Memorias sobre las revoluciones de Venezuela; books on individual countries.2. Social and Religious:A. Social:1. Population:a. Census statistics available.b. Population and resources.2. Social types: Spanish; immigrant; Indian, savage and civilized; mixed races; negro.3. Laboring classes and types:"vaquero;" "gaucho;" "llanero;"industrial laborers.4. Labor system and laws.a. Peonage:1. Feudal status of labor in colonies.2. Origin of peonage; inheritance of debt.3. The "inquilino" and "colono"; "cholo."4. Ignorance, wages, and living conditions.5. Peon in government and politics.6. Peonage in Mexico; in South America.b. Labor regulations in general.c. Labor organizations.d. Dearth of labor in certain countries.e. Strikes; radicalism; labor conditions in Argentina, Brazil and Mexico.5. Aristocratic and professional society.6. Language.7. Position of woman:a. In society.b. Family life.c. The matter of divorce.8. Amusements and social customs:a. Sports and games.b. Carnivals and festivals.c. Dress and etiquette.d. Gambling and lotteries.e. Social customs in business.9. Influence of the Basques in Latin America.Readings: Shepherd, 121-141; ——,Psychology of the Latin American(Jour. of Race Devel. 1919); Garcia Calderon, 283-290; Bryce, 432, 528-530; Romero,Mexico and the United States; Bingham,Across South America; books on individual countries and on travel; Bunge,Nuestra America; Colmo,America Latina.B. Religious:1. Prevalence of Roman Catholic Church.2. Church and State; tendency toward separation.3. Clericalism in politics.4. The work of the Church.5. Toleration in Hispanic America.6. Protestant missionary activities.7. Foreign opinion of Hispanic-American morality.Required Readings: Shepherd, 139; Koebel,The South Americans41-44, 91-108, 152-169.Additional Readings: Speer,South American Problems; Brown,Latin America; Neely,South America: Its Missionary Problem; Planchet,La Cuestion religiosa en Mexico.3. Immigration:a. History of immigration in the 19th century:1. Causes of scarcity before 1857; colonial exclusion; revolutions; greater inducements of the United States; economic reasons.2. Increase since 1857.Ideas of Alberdi and Sarmiento on immigration.3. Drift toward the Southern republics.4. Immigration in the North American republics.b. Political and economic effects of immigration.c. Effects on society.d. Spanish, Italian, German, Russian and Polish, English, French, Portuguese, Oriental, Turkish and Assyrian immigration.e. Favorite occupations of aliens.f. The question of assimilation and citizenship.Required Readings: Shepherd, 81-84, 126-129, 169; Koebel,The South Americans, 152-169; Garcia Calderon, 290-298, 323-335.Additional Readings:Atlas America Latina; Koebel,BritishExploits, 481-551; Mulhall,The English in South America; Wintzer,Die Deutschen im tropischen Amerika.4. Financial:a. Monetary systems in Hispanic America.1. Standards and values.2. Paper currency.3. Fluctuations.b. Capital and Banking:1. Number of banks.2. Domestic and foreign control of banking.3. Branch banks:a. European.b. United States.4. Scarcity of capital.c. Hispanic-American finance.1. Credits, exchange, solvency.2. Stock exchanges.3. Bond issues.4. Public debts.5. Sinking funds.6. Insurance.7. Trusts and corporations.d. Foreign influences upon financial policies.e. Business enterprises:1. Habits of business.2. Buying and selling; advertising.f. Tariff systems:1. Tariff for revenue.2. Rates: specific rather thanad valorem.3. Variations and complexity.g. Taxation:1. On personal property.2. On lands and real estate.3. On industries.4. Licenses and concessions.h. Internal improvements and public works.1. History of internal improvements in Latin America.2. Public works; postal service; parcel post.i. Movement for single, Pan-American monetary standard.j. Movement for a Pan-American, standardized tariff system.Readings: Shepherd, 43, 48, 150-153, 173; Wolfe,Foreign Credits, (Sp. Agts. Ser. No. 62, 1913, Department of Commerce); Hurley,Banking and Credit in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Peru, (Sp. Agts. Ser. No. 90, 1914, ibid.); Verrill, Aughinbaugh, and Babson; Crosby,Latin American Monetary System and Exchange Conditions; The South American Year-Book; Consular reports; Reports of the Board of Trade (Eng.); books on individual countries; Roper,The Postal Service and the Latin American Trade.5. Industrial:A. The most important industries:1. Mining:a. Areas of ore fields.b. Facilities.c. Acquisition of mining properties.d. Labor supply.e. Gold, silver, diamonds, copper, tin, nitrate, coal, and other mines.2. Stock-raising:a. Areas adapted.b. Cattle, horse, sheep ranches.c. Stock-yards and slaughter-houses.d. Wool and hides.Readings: Whelpley,Trade Development in Argentina, (Sp. Agts. Ser. No. 43, 1911, Dept. of Commerce and Labor);Atlas America Latina.3. Rubber:a. Areas of growth.b. Processes employed.c. Labor supply; labor scandals; "black gold."4. Agriculture:a. Arable lands and climatic conditions.b. Agriculture in connection with stock-raising.c. Ownership of land.d. The agrarian situation in Hispanic America.e. The "haciendas," "fazendas;" the "chacras" and "potreros."f. Agricultural products: Coffee, cacao yerba, foodstuffs.5. Manufacturing:a. General characteristics: domestic and factory methods.b. Connection with other industries.c. Obstacles in the way.d. Products: foodstuffs, textiles, machinery.B. European and American capital invested in industries.C. Occupations of foreigners in Hispanic America.Readings: Koebel,The South Americans, 132-151, 193-204; books on individual countries; Pearson,The Rubber Country of the Amazon; Gemmingen,Die entwickelung der fabrikindustrie im lateinischen Amerika.6. Commercial:a. History of Hispanic-American commerce.b. Exports and imports:1. Character and value.2. Destination.c. Commercial enterprises.d. Trade marks and their use.e. Customs regulations.f. Modern transportation and communication.1. Development of transportation facilities.2. Survival of colonial methods in certain areas.3. Pack-trains, stage routes, llama trains.4. Roads and highways.5. Land transportation:a. Railroads: trunk lines; short lines.b. International and transcontinental lines.c. Projected lines.d. Horse cars and trolleys; subways.e. Mileage and rates.f. Freight rates.g. Capital and ownership.6. Water transportation:a. River steamers and barges.b. Oceanic lines.c. Harbor facilities.d. Rates.g. Communication:1. Telegraph lines.2. Cable lines.3. Postal service; international service.h. The metric system of weights and measures.i. Concessions and monopolies:1. Procedure in obtaining them.2. Policies of various countries in relation thereto.3. Attitude of the United States toward them.Readings: Shepherd, 168-191; Koebel,The South Americans, 304-358; Domville-Fife,Great States of South America; Atlas America Latina; Sheridan, Transportation Rates to the West Coast of South America(Sp. Agts. report, Ser. 72, 1913. Bur. of For. and Dom. Commerce); Gueydan,Transportation Facilities of Colombia and Venezuela(ibid.);Trade mark registration in Latin America(Tariff series, No. 31,ibid.); Verrill, Aughinbaugh, and Babson; Reports of Bureau of Trade Relations of the State Department; Report of the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce of the Commerce Department; U. S. Federal Trade Com. Rep. on Trade and Tariffs in Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, and Peru;Tariff Systems of South American countries. (Bur. of For and Dom. Com.)7. Educational and Cultural:A. Educational:1. General characteristics.2. Percentages of illiterates in various countries.3. Educational progress.4. Obstacles to popular education.5. Foreign influences in education.a. European teachers in Hispanic-America.b. American teachers in Argentina in 1868; educational reforms of Sarmiento.c. Influence of United States at present.6. Administration of schools.7. Elementary and secondary education.8. Higher education in Hispanic-America.a. Universities:1. Faculties, courses, and equipment.2. Libraries and publications.3. Students.b. Scientific pursuits.1. Observatories and other establishments for study of geography, ethnology, and zoology.2. Schools of medicine and surgery.c. Industrial and technical education.9. Urban and rural education.10. Popular interest in education.11. Non-official efforts for promotion of education:a. Congresses and teachers' associations.b. Private schools and institutions.c. Publications and lectures.12. Educational reforms needed.B. Cultural achievements in general:1. Public charity:a. Control and sources of revenue.b. Societies and institutions for social service.2. Public libraries.3. Journalism:a. Status of the press in various countries.b. Notable newspapers.c. Recent development.d. Magazines and periodicals.4. Literature:a. General characteristics.b. European and particularly French influence.c. Representative literary men and their works.1. Novelists, essayists, poets:Ricardo Palma, Rodo, Alencar,Gonzalvez Diaz, San Martin. Echeverria, Sarmiento, Ruben Dario, Chocano, Blanco Fombona, etc.2. Historians:Alaman, the Amunategui, Barros Arana, Icazbalceta, Vicuña Mackenna, Mitre, Jose Toribio Medina, Oliviera Lima, Zamacois, etc.3. Jurists:Bello, Calvo, Velez Sarsfield, Ambrosio Montt, etc.5. Arts:a. General characteristics.b. Achievements in music; the drama; architecture; painting; and sculpture.Readings: For education: Shepherd, 192-204; ——,Education in South America, (Review of Reviews, May, 1908); ——,Higher Education in South America, (Columbia University Quart., Dec., 1907); Koebel,The South Americans, 109-132; Brandon,Latin-American Universities and Special Schools; Blakslee,Latin-America, 30-46; Monroe,An Encyclopedia of Education(See discussion under the names of each country); see also, Walle,Bolivia, Chap. 6; Eder,Colombia, Chap. 16; Hirst,Argentina, Chap. 14; and Wright's books on Bolivia, Chile, and Peru; Bravo Mejia,Organizacion de las escuelas rurales; Amunategui,Discursos Parliamentarios.For cultural problems: Shepherd, 204-250;La Literatura y el Periodismo; Garcia Calderon,Latin-America, 249-282; Warner,Library of the World's Best Literature, Vol. 15; Blakslee,Latin-America, 299-306; Koebel,The South Americans, 109-130; Goldberg,Studies in Spanish American Literature; Umphrey,Spanish American Poets of Today and Yesterday(Hispania, 1919); Coester,The Literary History of Spanish America; Starr,Readings from Modern Mexican Authors; Lamborn,Mexican Paintings and Painters; Zanelli Lopez,Mujeres Chilenos de letras; Amunategui, LaAlborada, poetica in Chile.
1. Political:a. Political and governmental stability.b. Politics in practice and principle.c. Modern conventions, platforms, and elections.d. Restrictions of the ballot.e. Professional men in politics.f. Absence of political experience by the masses.g. Necessity of developing public interest in politics and political philosophy.h. Appearance of new political issues.i. Electoral reform: Argentina.j. Civil Service in Hispanic America.k. State or Church control over education.l. Municipal government:1. History of progress.2. Public utilities; fire departments; police system; water works; public sanitation; municipal ownership.m. Social legislation.n. Passing of the South American type of revolution.Readings: Garcia Calderon, 222-248, 365-677; Shepherd, 141-150; Scruggs,The Colombian and Venezuelan Republics; Vera y Gonzalez, Elementos de historia contemporanea deAmerica; Heredia,Memorias sobre las revoluciones de Venezuela; books on individual countries.
1. Political:
a. Political and governmental stability.b. Politics in practice and principle.c. Modern conventions, platforms, and elections.d. Restrictions of the ballot.e. Professional men in politics.f. Absence of political experience by the masses.g. Necessity of developing public interest in politics and political philosophy.h. Appearance of new political issues.i. Electoral reform: Argentina.j. Civil Service in Hispanic America.k. State or Church control over education.l. Municipal government:1. History of progress.2. Public utilities; fire departments; police system; water works; public sanitation; municipal ownership.m. Social legislation.n. Passing of the South American type of revolution.
a. Political and governmental stability.
b. Politics in practice and principle.
c. Modern conventions, platforms, and elections.
d. Restrictions of the ballot.
e. Professional men in politics.
f. Absence of political experience by the masses.
g. Necessity of developing public interest in politics and political philosophy.
h. Appearance of new political issues.
i. Electoral reform: Argentina.
j. Civil Service in Hispanic America.
k. State or Church control over education.
l. Municipal government:
1. History of progress.2. Public utilities; fire departments; police system; water works; public sanitation; municipal ownership.
1. History of progress.
2. Public utilities; fire departments; police system; water works; public sanitation; municipal ownership.
m. Social legislation.
n. Passing of the South American type of revolution.
Readings: Garcia Calderon, 222-248, 365-677; Shepherd, 141-150; Scruggs,The Colombian and Venezuelan Republics; Vera y Gonzalez, Elementos de historia contemporanea deAmerica; Heredia,Memorias sobre las revoluciones de Venezuela; books on individual countries.
2. Social and Religious:A. Social:1. Population:a. Census statistics available.b. Population and resources.2. Social types: Spanish; immigrant; Indian, savage and civilized; mixed races; negro.3. Laboring classes and types:"vaquero;" "gaucho;" "llanero;"industrial laborers.4. Labor system and laws.a. Peonage:1. Feudal status of labor in colonies.2. Origin of peonage; inheritance of debt.3. The "inquilino" and "colono"; "cholo."4. Ignorance, wages, and living conditions.5. Peon in government and politics.6. Peonage in Mexico; in South America.b. Labor regulations in general.c. Labor organizations.d. Dearth of labor in certain countries.e. Strikes; radicalism; labor conditions in Argentina, Brazil and Mexico.5. Aristocratic and professional society.6. Language.7. Position of woman:a. In society.b. Family life.c. The matter of divorce.8. Amusements and social customs:a. Sports and games.b. Carnivals and festivals.c. Dress and etiquette.d. Gambling and lotteries.e. Social customs in business.9. Influence of the Basques in Latin America.Readings: Shepherd, 121-141; ——,Psychology of the Latin American(Jour. of Race Devel. 1919); Garcia Calderon, 283-290; Bryce, 432, 528-530; Romero,Mexico and the United States; Bingham,Across South America; books on individual countries and on travel; Bunge,Nuestra America; Colmo,America Latina.B. Religious:1. Prevalence of Roman Catholic Church.2. Church and State; tendency toward separation.3. Clericalism in politics.4. The work of the Church.5. Toleration in Hispanic America.6. Protestant missionary activities.7. Foreign opinion of Hispanic-American morality.Required Readings: Shepherd, 139; Koebel,The South Americans41-44, 91-108, 152-169.Additional Readings: Speer,South American Problems; Brown,Latin America; Neely,South America: Its Missionary Problem; Planchet,La Cuestion religiosa en Mexico.
2. Social and Religious:
A. Social:1. Population:a. Census statistics available.b. Population and resources.2. Social types: Spanish; immigrant; Indian, savage and civilized; mixed races; negro.3. Laboring classes and types:"vaquero;" "gaucho;" "llanero;"industrial laborers.4. Labor system and laws.a. Peonage:1. Feudal status of labor in colonies.2. Origin of peonage; inheritance of debt.3. The "inquilino" and "colono"; "cholo."4. Ignorance, wages, and living conditions.5. Peon in government and politics.6. Peonage in Mexico; in South America.b. Labor regulations in general.c. Labor organizations.d. Dearth of labor in certain countries.e. Strikes; radicalism; labor conditions in Argentina, Brazil and Mexico.5. Aristocratic and professional society.6. Language.7. Position of woman:a. In society.b. Family life.c. The matter of divorce.8. Amusements and social customs:a. Sports and games.b. Carnivals and festivals.c. Dress and etiquette.d. Gambling and lotteries.e. Social customs in business.9. Influence of the Basques in Latin America.
A. Social:
1. Population:a. Census statistics available.b. Population and resources.2. Social types: Spanish; immigrant; Indian, savage and civilized; mixed races; negro.3. Laboring classes and types:"vaquero;" "gaucho;" "llanero;"industrial laborers.4. Labor system and laws.a. Peonage:1. Feudal status of labor in colonies.2. Origin of peonage; inheritance of debt.3. The "inquilino" and "colono"; "cholo."4. Ignorance, wages, and living conditions.5. Peon in government and politics.6. Peonage in Mexico; in South America.b. Labor regulations in general.c. Labor organizations.d. Dearth of labor in certain countries.e. Strikes; radicalism; labor conditions in Argentina, Brazil and Mexico.5. Aristocratic and professional society.6. Language.7. Position of woman:a. In society.b. Family life.c. The matter of divorce.8. Amusements and social customs:a. Sports and games.b. Carnivals and festivals.c. Dress and etiquette.d. Gambling and lotteries.e. Social customs in business.9. Influence of the Basques in Latin America.
1. Population:
a. Census statistics available.b. Population and resources.
a. Census statistics available.
b. Population and resources.
2. Social types: Spanish; immigrant; Indian, savage and civilized; mixed races; negro.
3. Laboring classes and types:"vaquero;" "gaucho;" "llanero;"industrial laborers.
4. Labor system and laws.
a. Peonage:1. Feudal status of labor in colonies.2. Origin of peonage; inheritance of debt.3. The "inquilino" and "colono"; "cholo."4. Ignorance, wages, and living conditions.5. Peon in government and politics.6. Peonage in Mexico; in South America.b. Labor regulations in general.c. Labor organizations.d. Dearth of labor in certain countries.e. Strikes; radicalism; labor conditions in Argentina, Brazil and Mexico.
a. Peonage:
1. Feudal status of labor in colonies.2. Origin of peonage; inheritance of debt.3. The "inquilino" and "colono"; "cholo."4. Ignorance, wages, and living conditions.5. Peon in government and politics.6. Peonage in Mexico; in South America.
1. Feudal status of labor in colonies.
2. Origin of peonage; inheritance of debt.
3. The "inquilino" and "colono"; "cholo."
4. Ignorance, wages, and living conditions.
5. Peon in government and politics.
6. Peonage in Mexico; in South America.
b. Labor regulations in general.
c. Labor organizations.
d. Dearth of labor in certain countries.
e. Strikes; radicalism; labor conditions in Argentina, Brazil and Mexico.
5. Aristocratic and professional society.
6. Language.
7. Position of woman:
a. In society.b. Family life.c. The matter of divorce.
a. In society.
b. Family life.
c. The matter of divorce.
8. Amusements and social customs:
a. Sports and games.b. Carnivals and festivals.c. Dress and etiquette.d. Gambling and lotteries.e. Social customs in business.
a. Sports and games.
b. Carnivals and festivals.
c. Dress and etiquette.
d. Gambling and lotteries.
e. Social customs in business.
9. Influence of the Basques in Latin America.
Readings: Shepherd, 121-141; ——,Psychology of the Latin American(Jour. of Race Devel. 1919); Garcia Calderon, 283-290; Bryce, 432, 528-530; Romero,Mexico and the United States; Bingham,Across South America; books on individual countries and on travel; Bunge,Nuestra America; Colmo,America Latina.
B. Religious:1. Prevalence of Roman Catholic Church.2. Church and State; tendency toward separation.3. Clericalism in politics.4. The work of the Church.5. Toleration in Hispanic America.6. Protestant missionary activities.7. Foreign opinion of Hispanic-American morality.
B. Religious:
1. Prevalence of Roman Catholic Church.2. Church and State; tendency toward separation.3. Clericalism in politics.4. The work of the Church.5. Toleration in Hispanic America.6. Protestant missionary activities.7. Foreign opinion of Hispanic-American morality.
1. Prevalence of Roman Catholic Church.
2. Church and State; tendency toward separation.
3. Clericalism in politics.
4. The work of the Church.
5. Toleration in Hispanic America.
6. Protestant missionary activities.
7. Foreign opinion of Hispanic-American morality.
Required Readings: Shepherd, 139; Koebel,The South Americans41-44, 91-108, 152-169.
Additional Readings: Speer,South American Problems; Brown,Latin America; Neely,South America: Its Missionary Problem; Planchet,La Cuestion religiosa en Mexico.
3. Immigration:a. History of immigration in the 19th century:1. Causes of scarcity before 1857; colonial exclusion; revolutions; greater inducements of the United States; economic reasons.2. Increase since 1857.Ideas of Alberdi and Sarmiento on immigration.3. Drift toward the Southern republics.4. Immigration in the North American republics.b. Political and economic effects of immigration.c. Effects on society.d. Spanish, Italian, German, Russian and Polish, English, French, Portuguese, Oriental, Turkish and Assyrian immigration.e. Favorite occupations of aliens.f. The question of assimilation and citizenship.Required Readings: Shepherd, 81-84, 126-129, 169; Koebel,The South Americans, 152-169; Garcia Calderon, 290-298, 323-335.Additional Readings:Atlas America Latina; Koebel,BritishExploits, 481-551; Mulhall,The English in South America; Wintzer,Die Deutschen im tropischen Amerika.
3. Immigration:
a. History of immigration in the 19th century:1. Causes of scarcity before 1857; colonial exclusion; revolutions; greater inducements of the United States; economic reasons.2. Increase since 1857.Ideas of Alberdi and Sarmiento on immigration.3. Drift toward the Southern republics.4. Immigration in the North American republics.b. Political and economic effects of immigration.c. Effects on society.d. Spanish, Italian, German, Russian and Polish, English, French, Portuguese, Oriental, Turkish and Assyrian immigration.e. Favorite occupations of aliens.f. The question of assimilation and citizenship.
a. History of immigration in the 19th century:
1. Causes of scarcity before 1857; colonial exclusion; revolutions; greater inducements of the United States; economic reasons.2. Increase since 1857.Ideas of Alberdi and Sarmiento on immigration.3. Drift toward the Southern republics.4. Immigration in the North American republics.
1. Causes of scarcity before 1857; colonial exclusion; revolutions; greater inducements of the United States; economic reasons.
2. Increase since 1857.
Ideas of Alberdi and Sarmiento on immigration.
Ideas of Alberdi and Sarmiento on immigration.
3. Drift toward the Southern republics.
4. Immigration in the North American republics.
b. Political and economic effects of immigration.
c. Effects on society.
d. Spanish, Italian, German, Russian and Polish, English, French, Portuguese, Oriental, Turkish and Assyrian immigration.
e. Favorite occupations of aliens.
f. The question of assimilation and citizenship.
Required Readings: Shepherd, 81-84, 126-129, 169; Koebel,The South Americans, 152-169; Garcia Calderon, 290-298, 323-335.
Additional Readings:Atlas America Latina; Koebel,BritishExploits, 481-551; Mulhall,The English in South America; Wintzer,Die Deutschen im tropischen Amerika.
4. Financial:a. Monetary systems in Hispanic America.1. Standards and values.2. Paper currency.3. Fluctuations.b. Capital and Banking:1. Number of banks.2. Domestic and foreign control of banking.3. Branch banks:a. European.b. United States.4. Scarcity of capital.c. Hispanic-American finance.1. Credits, exchange, solvency.2. Stock exchanges.3. Bond issues.4. Public debts.5. Sinking funds.6. Insurance.7. Trusts and corporations.d. Foreign influences upon financial policies.e. Business enterprises:1. Habits of business.2. Buying and selling; advertising.f. Tariff systems:1. Tariff for revenue.2. Rates: specific rather thanad valorem.3. Variations and complexity.g. Taxation:1. On personal property.2. On lands and real estate.3. On industries.4. Licenses and concessions.h. Internal improvements and public works.1. History of internal improvements in Latin America.2. Public works; postal service; parcel post.i. Movement for single, Pan-American monetary standard.j. Movement for a Pan-American, standardized tariff system.Readings: Shepherd, 43, 48, 150-153, 173; Wolfe,Foreign Credits, (Sp. Agts. Ser. No. 62, 1913, Department of Commerce); Hurley,Banking and Credit in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Peru, (Sp. Agts. Ser. No. 90, 1914, ibid.); Verrill, Aughinbaugh, and Babson; Crosby,Latin American Monetary System and Exchange Conditions; The South American Year-Book; Consular reports; Reports of the Board of Trade (Eng.); books on individual countries; Roper,The Postal Service and the Latin American Trade.
4. Financial:
a. Monetary systems in Hispanic America.1. Standards and values.2. Paper currency.3. Fluctuations.b. Capital and Banking:1. Number of banks.2. Domestic and foreign control of banking.3. Branch banks:a. European.b. United States.4. Scarcity of capital.c. Hispanic-American finance.1. Credits, exchange, solvency.2. Stock exchanges.3. Bond issues.4. Public debts.5. Sinking funds.6. Insurance.7. Trusts and corporations.d. Foreign influences upon financial policies.e. Business enterprises:1. Habits of business.2. Buying and selling; advertising.f. Tariff systems:1. Tariff for revenue.2. Rates: specific rather thanad valorem.3. Variations and complexity.g. Taxation:1. On personal property.2. On lands and real estate.3. On industries.4. Licenses and concessions.h. Internal improvements and public works.1. History of internal improvements in Latin America.2. Public works; postal service; parcel post.i. Movement for single, Pan-American monetary standard.j. Movement for a Pan-American, standardized tariff system.
a. Monetary systems in Hispanic America.
1. Standards and values.2. Paper currency.3. Fluctuations.
1. Standards and values.
2. Paper currency.
3. Fluctuations.
b. Capital and Banking:
1. Number of banks.2. Domestic and foreign control of banking.3. Branch banks:a. European.b. United States.4. Scarcity of capital.
1. Number of banks.
2. Domestic and foreign control of banking.
3. Branch banks:
a. European.b. United States.
a. European.
b. United States.
4. Scarcity of capital.
c. Hispanic-American finance.
1. Credits, exchange, solvency.2. Stock exchanges.3. Bond issues.4. Public debts.5. Sinking funds.6. Insurance.7. Trusts and corporations.
1. Credits, exchange, solvency.
2. Stock exchanges.
3. Bond issues.
4. Public debts.
5. Sinking funds.
6. Insurance.
7. Trusts and corporations.
d. Foreign influences upon financial policies.
e. Business enterprises:
1. Habits of business.2. Buying and selling; advertising.
1. Habits of business.
2. Buying and selling; advertising.
f. Tariff systems:
1. Tariff for revenue.2. Rates: specific rather thanad valorem.3. Variations and complexity.
1. Tariff for revenue.
2. Rates: specific rather thanad valorem.
3. Variations and complexity.
g. Taxation:
1. On personal property.2. On lands and real estate.3. On industries.4. Licenses and concessions.
1. On personal property.
2. On lands and real estate.
3. On industries.
4. Licenses and concessions.
h. Internal improvements and public works.
1. History of internal improvements in Latin America.
1. History of internal improvements in Latin America.
2. Public works; postal service; parcel post.
2. Public works; postal service; parcel post.
i. Movement for single, Pan-American monetary standard.
j. Movement for a Pan-American, standardized tariff system.
Readings: Shepherd, 43, 48, 150-153, 173; Wolfe,Foreign Credits, (Sp. Agts. Ser. No. 62, 1913, Department of Commerce); Hurley,Banking and Credit in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Peru, (Sp. Agts. Ser. No. 90, 1914, ibid.); Verrill, Aughinbaugh, and Babson; Crosby,Latin American Monetary System and Exchange Conditions; The South American Year-Book; Consular reports; Reports of the Board of Trade (Eng.); books on individual countries; Roper,The Postal Service and the Latin American Trade.
5. Industrial:A. The most important industries:1. Mining:a. Areas of ore fields.b. Facilities.c. Acquisition of mining properties.d. Labor supply.e. Gold, silver, diamonds, copper, tin, nitrate, coal, and other mines.2. Stock-raising:a. Areas adapted.b. Cattle, horse, sheep ranches.c. Stock-yards and slaughter-houses.d. Wool and hides.Readings: Whelpley,Trade Development in Argentina, (Sp. Agts. Ser. No. 43, 1911, Dept. of Commerce and Labor);Atlas America Latina.3. Rubber:a. Areas of growth.b. Processes employed.c. Labor supply; labor scandals; "black gold."4. Agriculture:a. Arable lands and climatic conditions.b. Agriculture in connection with stock-raising.c. Ownership of land.d. The agrarian situation in Hispanic America.e. The "haciendas," "fazendas;" the "chacras" and "potreros."f. Agricultural products: Coffee, cacao yerba, foodstuffs.5. Manufacturing:a. General characteristics: domestic and factory methods.b. Connection with other industries.c. Obstacles in the way.d. Products: foodstuffs, textiles, machinery.B. European and American capital invested in industries.C. Occupations of foreigners in Hispanic America.Readings: Koebel,The South Americans, 132-151, 193-204; books on individual countries; Pearson,The Rubber Country of the Amazon; Gemmingen,Die entwickelung der fabrikindustrie im lateinischen Amerika.
5. Industrial:
A. The most important industries:1. Mining:a. Areas of ore fields.b. Facilities.c. Acquisition of mining properties.d. Labor supply.e. Gold, silver, diamonds, copper, tin, nitrate, coal, and other mines.2. Stock-raising:a. Areas adapted.b. Cattle, horse, sheep ranches.c. Stock-yards and slaughter-houses.d. Wool and hides.
A. The most important industries:
1. Mining:a. Areas of ore fields.b. Facilities.c. Acquisition of mining properties.d. Labor supply.e. Gold, silver, diamonds, copper, tin, nitrate, coal, and other mines.2. Stock-raising:a. Areas adapted.b. Cattle, horse, sheep ranches.c. Stock-yards and slaughter-houses.d. Wool and hides.
1. Mining:
a. Areas of ore fields.b. Facilities.c. Acquisition of mining properties.d. Labor supply.e. Gold, silver, diamonds, copper, tin, nitrate, coal, and other mines.
a. Areas of ore fields.
b. Facilities.
c. Acquisition of mining properties.
d. Labor supply.
e. Gold, silver, diamonds, copper, tin, nitrate, coal, and other mines.
2. Stock-raising:
a. Areas adapted.b. Cattle, horse, sheep ranches.c. Stock-yards and slaughter-houses.d. Wool and hides.
a. Areas adapted.
b. Cattle, horse, sheep ranches.
c. Stock-yards and slaughter-houses.
d. Wool and hides.
Readings: Whelpley,Trade Development in Argentina, (Sp. Agts. Ser. No. 43, 1911, Dept. of Commerce and Labor);Atlas America Latina.
3. Rubber:a. Areas of growth.b. Processes employed.c. Labor supply; labor scandals; "black gold."4. Agriculture:a. Arable lands and climatic conditions.b. Agriculture in connection with stock-raising.c. Ownership of land.d. The agrarian situation in Hispanic America.e. The "haciendas," "fazendas;" the "chacras" and "potreros."f. Agricultural products: Coffee, cacao yerba, foodstuffs.5. Manufacturing:a. General characteristics: domestic and factory methods.b. Connection with other industries.c. Obstacles in the way.d. Products: foodstuffs, textiles, machinery.B. European and American capital invested in industries.C. Occupations of foreigners in Hispanic America.
3. Rubber:a. Areas of growth.b. Processes employed.c. Labor supply; labor scandals; "black gold."4. Agriculture:a. Arable lands and climatic conditions.b. Agriculture in connection with stock-raising.c. Ownership of land.d. The agrarian situation in Hispanic America.e. The "haciendas," "fazendas;" the "chacras" and "potreros."f. Agricultural products: Coffee, cacao yerba, foodstuffs.5. Manufacturing:a. General characteristics: domestic and factory methods.b. Connection with other industries.c. Obstacles in the way.d. Products: foodstuffs, textiles, machinery.
3. Rubber:
a. Areas of growth.b. Processes employed.c. Labor supply; labor scandals; "black gold."
a. Areas of growth.
b. Processes employed.
c. Labor supply; labor scandals; "black gold."
4. Agriculture:
a. Arable lands and climatic conditions.b. Agriculture in connection with stock-raising.c. Ownership of land.d. The agrarian situation in Hispanic America.e. The "haciendas," "fazendas;" the "chacras" and "potreros."f. Agricultural products: Coffee, cacao yerba, foodstuffs.
a. Arable lands and climatic conditions.
b. Agriculture in connection with stock-raising.
c. Ownership of land.
d. The agrarian situation in Hispanic America.
e. The "haciendas," "fazendas;" the "chacras" and "potreros."
f. Agricultural products: Coffee, cacao yerba, foodstuffs.
5. Manufacturing:
a. General characteristics: domestic and factory methods.b. Connection with other industries.c. Obstacles in the way.d. Products: foodstuffs, textiles, machinery.
a. General characteristics: domestic and factory methods.
b. Connection with other industries.
c. Obstacles in the way.
d. Products: foodstuffs, textiles, machinery.
B. European and American capital invested in industries.
C. Occupations of foreigners in Hispanic America.
Readings: Koebel,The South Americans, 132-151, 193-204; books on individual countries; Pearson,The Rubber Country of the Amazon; Gemmingen,Die entwickelung der fabrikindustrie im lateinischen Amerika.
6. Commercial:a. History of Hispanic-American commerce.b. Exports and imports:1. Character and value.2. Destination.c. Commercial enterprises.d. Trade marks and their use.e. Customs regulations.f. Modern transportation and communication.1. Development of transportation facilities.2. Survival of colonial methods in certain areas.3. Pack-trains, stage routes, llama trains.4. Roads and highways.5. Land transportation:a. Railroads: trunk lines; short lines.b. International and transcontinental lines.c. Projected lines.d. Horse cars and trolleys; subways.e. Mileage and rates.f. Freight rates.g. Capital and ownership.6. Water transportation:a. River steamers and barges.b. Oceanic lines.c. Harbor facilities.d. Rates.g. Communication:1. Telegraph lines.2. Cable lines.3. Postal service; international service.h. The metric system of weights and measures.i. Concessions and monopolies:1. Procedure in obtaining them.2. Policies of various countries in relation thereto.3. Attitude of the United States toward them.Readings: Shepherd, 168-191; Koebel,The South Americans, 304-358; Domville-Fife,Great States of South America; Atlas America Latina; Sheridan, Transportation Rates to the West Coast of South America(Sp. Agts. report, Ser. 72, 1913. Bur. of For. and Dom. Commerce); Gueydan,Transportation Facilities of Colombia and Venezuela(ibid.);Trade mark registration in Latin America(Tariff series, No. 31,ibid.); Verrill, Aughinbaugh, and Babson; Reports of Bureau of Trade Relations of the State Department; Report of the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce of the Commerce Department; U. S. Federal Trade Com. Rep. on Trade and Tariffs in Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, and Peru;Tariff Systems of South American countries. (Bur. of For and Dom. Com.)
6. Commercial:
a. History of Hispanic-American commerce.b. Exports and imports:1. Character and value.2. Destination.c. Commercial enterprises.d. Trade marks and their use.e. Customs regulations.f. Modern transportation and communication.1. Development of transportation facilities.2. Survival of colonial methods in certain areas.3. Pack-trains, stage routes, llama trains.4. Roads and highways.5. Land transportation:a. Railroads: trunk lines; short lines.b. International and transcontinental lines.c. Projected lines.d. Horse cars and trolleys; subways.e. Mileage and rates.f. Freight rates.g. Capital and ownership.6. Water transportation:a. River steamers and barges.b. Oceanic lines.c. Harbor facilities.d. Rates.g. Communication:1. Telegraph lines.2. Cable lines.3. Postal service; international service.h. The metric system of weights and measures.i. Concessions and monopolies:1. Procedure in obtaining them.2. Policies of various countries in relation thereto.3. Attitude of the United States toward them.
a. History of Hispanic-American commerce.
b. Exports and imports:
1. Character and value.2. Destination.
1. Character and value.
2. Destination.
c. Commercial enterprises.
d. Trade marks and their use.
e. Customs regulations.
f. Modern transportation and communication.
1. Development of transportation facilities.2. Survival of colonial methods in certain areas.3. Pack-trains, stage routes, llama trains.4. Roads and highways.5. Land transportation:a. Railroads: trunk lines; short lines.b. International and transcontinental lines.c. Projected lines.d. Horse cars and trolleys; subways.e. Mileage and rates.f. Freight rates.g. Capital and ownership.6. Water transportation:a. River steamers and barges.b. Oceanic lines.c. Harbor facilities.d. Rates.
1. Development of transportation facilities.
2. Survival of colonial methods in certain areas.
3. Pack-trains, stage routes, llama trains.
4. Roads and highways.
5. Land transportation:
a. Railroads: trunk lines; short lines.b. International and transcontinental lines.c. Projected lines.d. Horse cars and trolleys; subways.e. Mileage and rates.
a. Railroads: trunk lines; short lines.
b. International and transcontinental lines.
c. Projected lines.
d. Horse cars and trolleys; subways.
e. Mileage and rates.
f. Freight rates.g. Capital and ownership.
f. Freight rates.
g. Capital and ownership.
6. Water transportation:
a. River steamers and barges.b. Oceanic lines.c. Harbor facilities.d. Rates.
a. River steamers and barges.
b. Oceanic lines.
c. Harbor facilities.
d. Rates.
g. Communication:
1. Telegraph lines.2. Cable lines.3. Postal service; international service.
1. Telegraph lines.
2. Cable lines.
3. Postal service; international service.
h. The metric system of weights and measures.
i. Concessions and monopolies:
1. Procedure in obtaining them.2. Policies of various countries in relation thereto.3. Attitude of the United States toward them.
1. Procedure in obtaining them.
2. Policies of various countries in relation thereto.
3. Attitude of the United States toward them.
Readings: Shepherd, 168-191; Koebel,The South Americans, 304-358; Domville-Fife,Great States of South America; Atlas America Latina; Sheridan, Transportation Rates to the West Coast of South America(Sp. Agts. report, Ser. 72, 1913. Bur. of For. and Dom. Commerce); Gueydan,Transportation Facilities of Colombia and Venezuela(ibid.);Trade mark registration in Latin America(Tariff series, No. 31,ibid.); Verrill, Aughinbaugh, and Babson; Reports of Bureau of Trade Relations of the State Department; Report of the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce of the Commerce Department; U. S. Federal Trade Com. Rep. on Trade and Tariffs in Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, and Peru;Tariff Systems of South American countries. (Bur. of For and Dom. Com.)
7. Educational and Cultural:A. Educational:1. General characteristics.2. Percentages of illiterates in various countries.3. Educational progress.4. Obstacles to popular education.5. Foreign influences in education.a. European teachers in Hispanic-America.b. American teachers in Argentina in 1868; educational reforms of Sarmiento.c. Influence of United States at present.6. Administration of schools.7. Elementary and secondary education.8. Higher education in Hispanic-America.a. Universities:1. Faculties, courses, and equipment.2. Libraries and publications.3. Students.b. Scientific pursuits.1. Observatories and other establishments for study of geography, ethnology, and zoology.2. Schools of medicine and surgery.c. Industrial and technical education.9. Urban and rural education.10. Popular interest in education.11. Non-official efforts for promotion of education:a. Congresses and teachers' associations.b. Private schools and institutions.c. Publications and lectures.12. Educational reforms needed.B. Cultural achievements in general:1. Public charity:a. Control and sources of revenue.b. Societies and institutions for social service.2. Public libraries.3. Journalism:a. Status of the press in various countries.b. Notable newspapers.c. Recent development.d. Magazines and periodicals.4. Literature:a. General characteristics.b. European and particularly French influence.c. Representative literary men and their works.1. Novelists, essayists, poets:Ricardo Palma, Rodo, Alencar,Gonzalvez Diaz, San Martin. Echeverria, Sarmiento, Ruben Dario, Chocano, Blanco Fombona, etc.2. Historians:Alaman, the Amunategui, Barros Arana, Icazbalceta, Vicuña Mackenna, Mitre, Jose Toribio Medina, Oliviera Lima, Zamacois, etc.3. Jurists:Bello, Calvo, Velez Sarsfield, Ambrosio Montt, etc.5. Arts:a. General characteristics.b. Achievements in music; the drama; architecture; painting; and sculpture.Readings: For education: Shepherd, 192-204; ——,Education in South America, (Review of Reviews, May, 1908); ——,Higher Education in South America, (Columbia University Quart., Dec., 1907); Koebel,The South Americans, 109-132; Brandon,Latin-American Universities and Special Schools; Blakslee,Latin-America, 30-46; Monroe,An Encyclopedia of Education(See discussion under the names of each country); see also, Walle,Bolivia, Chap. 6; Eder,Colombia, Chap. 16; Hirst,Argentina, Chap. 14; and Wright's books on Bolivia, Chile, and Peru; Bravo Mejia,Organizacion de las escuelas rurales; Amunategui,Discursos Parliamentarios.For cultural problems: Shepherd, 204-250;La Literatura y el Periodismo; Garcia Calderon,Latin-America, 249-282; Warner,Library of the World's Best Literature, Vol. 15; Blakslee,Latin-America, 299-306; Koebel,The South Americans, 109-130; Goldberg,Studies in Spanish American Literature; Umphrey,Spanish American Poets of Today and Yesterday(Hispania, 1919); Coester,The Literary History of Spanish America; Starr,Readings from Modern Mexican Authors; Lamborn,Mexican Paintings and Painters; Zanelli Lopez,Mujeres Chilenos de letras; Amunategui, LaAlborada, poetica in Chile.
7. Educational and Cultural:
A. Educational:1. General characteristics.2. Percentages of illiterates in various countries.3. Educational progress.4. Obstacles to popular education.5. Foreign influences in education.a. European teachers in Hispanic-America.b. American teachers in Argentina in 1868; educational reforms of Sarmiento.c. Influence of United States at present.6. Administration of schools.7. Elementary and secondary education.8. Higher education in Hispanic-America.a. Universities:1. Faculties, courses, and equipment.2. Libraries and publications.3. Students.b. Scientific pursuits.1. Observatories and other establishments for study of geography, ethnology, and zoology.2. Schools of medicine and surgery.c. Industrial and technical education.9. Urban and rural education.10. Popular interest in education.11. Non-official efforts for promotion of education:a. Congresses and teachers' associations.b. Private schools and institutions.c. Publications and lectures.12. Educational reforms needed.B. Cultural achievements in general:1. Public charity:a. Control and sources of revenue.b. Societies and institutions for social service.2. Public libraries.3. Journalism:a. Status of the press in various countries.b. Notable newspapers.c. Recent development.d. Magazines and periodicals.4. Literature:a. General characteristics.b. European and particularly French influence.c. Representative literary men and their works.1. Novelists, essayists, poets:Ricardo Palma, Rodo, Alencar,Gonzalvez Diaz, San Martin. Echeverria, Sarmiento, Ruben Dario, Chocano, Blanco Fombona, etc.2. Historians:Alaman, the Amunategui, Barros Arana, Icazbalceta, Vicuña Mackenna, Mitre, Jose Toribio Medina, Oliviera Lima, Zamacois, etc.3. Jurists:Bello, Calvo, Velez Sarsfield, Ambrosio Montt, etc.5. Arts:a. General characteristics.b. Achievements in music; the drama; architecture; painting; and sculpture.
A. Educational:
1. General characteristics.2. Percentages of illiterates in various countries.3. Educational progress.4. Obstacles to popular education.5. Foreign influences in education.a. European teachers in Hispanic-America.b. American teachers in Argentina in 1868; educational reforms of Sarmiento.c. Influence of United States at present.6. Administration of schools.7. Elementary and secondary education.8. Higher education in Hispanic-America.a. Universities:1. Faculties, courses, and equipment.2. Libraries and publications.3. Students.b. Scientific pursuits.1. Observatories and other establishments for study of geography, ethnology, and zoology.2. Schools of medicine and surgery.c. Industrial and technical education.9. Urban and rural education.10. Popular interest in education.11. Non-official efforts for promotion of education:a. Congresses and teachers' associations.b. Private schools and institutions.c. Publications and lectures.12. Educational reforms needed.
1. General characteristics.
2. Percentages of illiterates in various countries.
3. Educational progress.
4. Obstacles to popular education.
5. Foreign influences in education.
a. European teachers in Hispanic-America.b. American teachers in Argentina in 1868; educational reforms of Sarmiento.c. Influence of United States at present.
a. European teachers in Hispanic-America.
b. American teachers in Argentina in 1868; educational reforms of Sarmiento.
c. Influence of United States at present.
6. Administration of schools.
7. Elementary and secondary education.
8. Higher education in Hispanic-America.
a. Universities:1. Faculties, courses, and equipment.2. Libraries and publications.3. Students.b. Scientific pursuits.1. Observatories and other establishments for study of geography, ethnology, and zoology.2. Schools of medicine and surgery.c. Industrial and technical education.
a. Universities:
1. Faculties, courses, and equipment.2. Libraries and publications.3. Students.
1. Faculties, courses, and equipment.
2. Libraries and publications.
3. Students.
b. Scientific pursuits.
1. Observatories and other establishments for study of geography, ethnology, and zoology.2. Schools of medicine and surgery.
1. Observatories and other establishments for study of geography, ethnology, and zoology.
2. Schools of medicine and surgery.
c. Industrial and technical education.
9. Urban and rural education.
10. Popular interest in education.
11. Non-official efforts for promotion of education:
a. Congresses and teachers' associations.b. Private schools and institutions.c. Publications and lectures.
a. Congresses and teachers' associations.
b. Private schools and institutions.
c. Publications and lectures.
12. Educational reforms needed.
B. Cultural achievements in general:
1. Public charity:a. Control and sources of revenue.b. Societies and institutions for social service.2. Public libraries.3. Journalism:a. Status of the press in various countries.b. Notable newspapers.c. Recent development.d. Magazines and periodicals.4. Literature:a. General characteristics.b. European and particularly French influence.c. Representative literary men and their works.1. Novelists, essayists, poets:Ricardo Palma, Rodo, Alencar,Gonzalvez Diaz, San Martin. Echeverria, Sarmiento, Ruben Dario, Chocano, Blanco Fombona, etc.2. Historians:Alaman, the Amunategui, Barros Arana, Icazbalceta, Vicuña Mackenna, Mitre, Jose Toribio Medina, Oliviera Lima, Zamacois, etc.3. Jurists:Bello, Calvo, Velez Sarsfield, Ambrosio Montt, etc.5. Arts:a. General characteristics.b. Achievements in music; the drama; architecture; painting; and sculpture.
1. Public charity:
a. Control and sources of revenue.b. Societies and institutions for social service.
a. Control and sources of revenue.
b. Societies and institutions for social service.
2. Public libraries.
3. Journalism:
a. Status of the press in various countries.b. Notable newspapers.c. Recent development.d. Magazines and periodicals.
a. Status of the press in various countries.
b. Notable newspapers.
c. Recent development.
d. Magazines and periodicals.
4. Literature:
a. General characteristics.b. European and particularly French influence.c. Representative literary men and their works.1. Novelists, essayists, poets:Ricardo Palma, Rodo, Alencar,Gonzalvez Diaz, San Martin. Echeverria, Sarmiento, Ruben Dario, Chocano, Blanco Fombona, etc.2. Historians:Alaman, the Amunategui, Barros Arana, Icazbalceta, Vicuña Mackenna, Mitre, Jose Toribio Medina, Oliviera Lima, Zamacois, etc.3. Jurists:Bello, Calvo, Velez Sarsfield, Ambrosio Montt, etc.
a. General characteristics.
b. European and particularly French influence.
c. Representative literary men and their works.
1. Novelists, essayists, poets:Ricardo Palma, Rodo, Alencar,Gonzalvez Diaz, San Martin. Echeverria, Sarmiento, Ruben Dario, Chocano, Blanco Fombona, etc.2. Historians:Alaman, the Amunategui, Barros Arana, Icazbalceta, Vicuña Mackenna, Mitre, Jose Toribio Medina, Oliviera Lima, Zamacois, etc.3. Jurists:Bello, Calvo, Velez Sarsfield, Ambrosio Montt, etc.
1. Novelists, essayists, poets:
Ricardo Palma, Rodo, Alencar,Gonzalvez Diaz, San Martin. Echeverria, Sarmiento, Ruben Dario, Chocano, Blanco Fombona, etc.
Ricardo Palma, Rodo, Alencar,Gonzalvez Diaz, San Martin. Echeverria, Sarmiento, Ruben Dario, Chocano, Blanco Fombona, etc.
2. Historians:
Alaman, the Amunategui, Barros Arana, Icazbalceta, Vicuña Mackenna, Mitre, Jose Toribio Medina, Oliviera Lima, Zamacois, etc.
Alaman, the Amunategui, Barros Arana, Icazbalceta, Vicuña Mackenna, Mitre, Jose Toribio Medina, Oliviera Lima, Zamacois, etc.
3. Jurists:
Bello, Calvo, Velez Sarsfield, Ambrosio Montt, etc.
Bello, Calvo, Velez Sarsfield, Ambrosio Montt, etc.
5. Arts:
a. General characteristics.b. Achievements in music; the drama; architecture; painting; and sculpture.
a. General characteristics.
b. Achievements in music; the drama; architecture; painting; and sculpture.
Readings: For education: Shepherd, 192-204; ——,Education in South America, (Review of Reviews, May, 1908); ——,Higher Education in South America, (Columbia University Quart., Dec., 1907); Koebel,The South Americans, 109-132; Brandon,Latin-American Universities and Special Schools; Blakslee,Latin-America, 30-46; Monroe,An Encyclopedia of Education(See discussion under the names of each country); see also, Walle,Bolivia, Chap. 6; Eder,Colombia, Chap. 16; Hirst,Argentina, Chap. 14; and Wright's books on Bolivia, Chile, and Peru; Bravo Mejia,Organizacion de las escuelas rurales; Amunategui,Discursos Parliamentarios.
For cultural problems: Shepherd, 204-250;La Literatura y el Periodismo; Garcia Calderon,Latin-America, 249-282; Warner,Library of the World's Best Literature, Vol. 15; Blakslee,Latin-America, 299-306; Koebel,The South Americans, 109-130; Goldberg,Studies in Spanish American Literature; Umphrey,Spanish American Poets of Today and Yesterday(Hispania, 1919); Coester,The Literary History of Spanish America; Starr,Readings from Modern Mexican Authors; Lamborn,Mexican Paintings and Painters; Zanelli Lopez,Mujeres Chilenos de letras; Amunategui, LaAlborada, poetica in Chile.