57. FUNARIA.Schreb.
356.F. Hibernica.Hook. St. ¼–½in.; l. oblong-oval, gradually tapering to an acutely serrate point, nerved nearly to apex; caps. pyriform, longer than in next species, on a seta twisting to left its whole length when dry; lid concave.
Chalky soil. Cork, Matlock, Conway.IV. V.
357.F. Muhlenbergii.Schw. St. shorter than last; l. ovate-lanceolate, suddenly tapering to a long bluntly serrate point, nerved nearly to apex; caps. pyriform, on a seta when dry twisted at base to left, above to right; lid convex obtuse with a reddish border.
Limestone walls, banks, &c.IV. V.
358.F. hygromatrica.Hedw. St. ¼–1in.; l. lower scattered, upper ovate-lanceolate, concave, clustered into a bulb-like tuft, nerved to apex, margins reflexed; caps. broadly pyriform, incurved, mouth oblique, with a corrugate border; lid convex, with a red border.
Banks and walls, old cinder heaps, &c., common,V.—IX.
359.F. microstoma.B. & S. Habit of last, but smaller; l. in a comal bud; caps. pyriform, turgid, not muchfurrowed when dry; mouth very small, with a smooth border; inner perist. very imperfect.
Damp stony places.VIII. IX.
Maresfield, Sussex, 1864 (Mr. Mitten).
360.E. Templetoni.Schw. St. about ¼in.; l. lower distant ovate-acuminate, upper in a rosaceous tuft, obovate, acuminate, not nerved to apex, scarcely serrulate; caps. clavate-pyriform, upright, neck tapering, lid plano-convex.
Crevices of rocks and shady places. E. S. I. W.VII.
361.E. minimum.Hunt. (Mem. Lit. and Sci. Soc., Manchester, vol.V., p. 100, 1871–2.) St. ⅛–¼in. erect, gregarious; l. lower obovate, margin reflexed, nerve thin, not reaching apex; upper oblong, sub-erect, sub-canaliculate, margin recurved, crenulate above, nerve strong, nearly reaching apex; areolæ large elongate hexagonal below, above shorter; caps. obconical when dry, smooth, with a distinct neck and wide mouth; seta erect, ⅛–¼in.; perist. half immersed, of 16 slender linear subulate teeth; dioicous.
Sandstone walls. Glasnevin, Dublin (D. Orr.)VIII.
362.P. ericetorum.De Not. St. ¼in.; l. lower, distant, small, upper in a tuft, larger, obovate-lanceolate, with a thickened distantly serrate margin, not nerved to apex; caps. small, pyriform, erect, lid almost flat.
Heaths, banks, stream sides, &c.III. IV.
363.P. fasciculare.B. & S. St. about ½in. tufted;l. ovate-oblong or lanceolate, pointed serrate, not bordered; caps. obovate or pyriform, tapering at base; lid convex.
Fallow fields.IV.
364.P. pyriforme.B. & S. St. about ¼in., tufted; l. lower distant ovate-lanceolate, above spathulate, pointed, serrate, uppermost longer erect, not nerved to apex; caps. globose-pyriform erect, mouth small, lid conical, calyptra sub-persistent, toothed at base.
Moist banks and ditches.IV.
365.P. sphœricum.B. & S. St. scarcely ¼in.; l. oval-oblong or slightly spathulate, acute, concave, entire; upper ones largest, nerved nearly to apex; caps. sub-globose, mouth large; lid large conical; calyp. lobed below.
Dried-up mud.IX.–XI.
Mere, Cheshire, 1834 (Wils.), J. Whitehead, Oct., 1870.
366.B. Wilsoni.B. & S. St. about ¼in. branched; l. ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, somewhat secund, nerved nearly to or beyond apex, serrulate above; caps. globoso-pyriform, generally pendulous, not striate; lid convex or conical.
Turfy soil on mountains. S. W. I.X.
367.B. stricta.Brid. St. loosely tufted, glaucous green; l. erecto-patent, rigid when dry, lanceolate-subulate, nerve excurrent into a serrate arista; caps. ovate-globosefurrowed when dry, seta four-sided at summit, twisted to right when dry; lid convex or mammillate. [Bry. Eur.,IV., t. 316. Schp. Syn., 417.]
On the ground and stones.Early summer.
Maresfield, Sussex (Mitten), 1862.
368.B. rigida.Bals. & Not. St. ¼–½in.; br. erect or recurved; l. erecto-patent, straight, rigid, lanceolate, finely serrulate, nerve excurrent, cap., large, sub-spherical, furrowed when dry, and cernuous; lid conical pointed; seta erect; inner perist. sometimes imperfect.
Shady banks, mountains.IX. X.
369.B. arcuata.Brid. St. 1–4in., with reddish brown radicles; l. ovate-lanceolate from a broad erect sheathing base, scabrous, serrulate, spreading; caps. sub-globose, almost pendulous, on an arcuate seta, furrowed when dry.
Waterfalls and wet rocks.IX. X.
370.B. (Philonotis) fontana.Brid. Stem 1–6in., with reddish black radicles; l. ovate-acuminate, short and appressed or lanceolate secund, or spreading and longer (generally plicate at base), nerve almost excurrent; perig. l. obtuse, nerveless; caps. sub-globose large, furrowed when dry.
Springs and wet places.VI.
371.B. (Philonotis) cæspitosa.Wils. MS. St. 1–2in. reddish, cæspitose, radiculose below; l. falcato-secund, lanceolate acuminate, gradually tapering from base upwards, concave, margins sub-serrulate not recurved, nerved to apex, areolæ lax, largest at basal angles; perig. l. in a stellate tuft, almost triangular from a very broad base, finely sub-serrulate, nerved to apex.
Walton swamp, Cheshire (Wilson): male plant only.
372.B. (Philonotis) adpressa.Fergusson. “Plant widely cæspitose, erect, 2–3in. either dull, glaucous green, or reddish; l. papillose, erect when moist, with one wide plica on each side of nerve, incurved towards apex, slightly twisted when dry, widely ovate from an amplexicaul base, not acuminate, apex either obtuse or cucullate, with a very slight mucro, or in the more slender forms rather acute, margin denticulate slightly reflexed; nerve very thick continuous; areolæ small, ovoid above, shorter and wider towards the base.” [G. E. Hunt. Mem. Lit. & Sci. Soc., Manchester, vol.V., 102, 1872.]
Glen Prossen, &c., Clova (Fergusson); Glas Mheal, Perthshire 2500 ft. (Hunt).
373.B. (Philonotis) seriata.Mitt.Musc. Ind. Orient.“L. spirally arranged, from a sub-erect base, patent towards apex, ovate acute plicate, margin distinctly reflexed; areolæ linear above, small and ovoid towards base; perig. l. from an erect dilated base, widely spreading, cordatetriangularobtuse, areolæ small obscure elongate-quadrangular, above large linear and reddish at base; nerve thick, indistinct, continuous or vanishing below apex, margin slightly denticulate.” [Hunt. loc. cit., p. 103.]
Springs at head of Clova; Ben-na-Bourd (Gardiner).
374.B. (Philonotis) calcarea.B. & S. St. about 2in.; l. ovate-lanceolate, tapering gradually from middle upwards, concave rigid secund, margin serrulate, not reflexed, strongly nerved to apex; areolæ large oblong, long hexagonal at base; perig. l. acute, triangular from a broad erect base, nerved to apex: caps. sub-globose, inclined or cernuous.
Wet places.VII.
375.B. pomiformis.Hedw. St. ½–2in.; l. spreading linear-lanceolate, not concave, doubly spinuloso-serrate, rough, crisp when dry, nerve slightly excurrent; caps. sub-globose, cernuous, lid small conical.
Dry sandy banks.V.
376.B. Halleriana.Hedw. St. 1–3in., radiculose below; l. spreading or secund, linear-subulate from a broad pale erect sheathing base, rough, serrate, nerve excurrent; caps. sub-globose, on a short curved seta.
Moist alpine and sub-alpine rocks.VI. VII.
* * Synoicous.
377.B. gracilis.Floerke, 1799. (B. Oederi, Swartz, 1800). St. 1–3in.; l. linear-lanceolate, recurved from an erect, not sheathing base, crisped when dry, margins recurved, serrate above, keeled, smooth; caps. small globose, oblique, lid convex.
Moist shady rocks.V.
378.B. ithyphylla.Brid. St. ½–2in.; l. from an erect broad base sharply bent back and lanceolate-subulate, rigid, serrulate, not crisped when dry, broadly nerved to apex; caps. globose, almost erect or cernuous.
Alpine and sub-alpine rocks.VI.
379.C. boreale.Swartz. St. ½–2in. tufted, radiculose; l. imbricate lanceolate acuminate, keeled, serrate, nerve excurrent into a mucro; caps. globose, gibbous, cernuous; lid large beaked.
Summits of Scotch mountains.VIII. IX.
380.C. nigritum.Brid. St. 1in. or more (Wilson says 2–6in. or more), radiculose; l. lanceolate acute, margin reflexed entire, nerved nearly to apex; upper ones largest; caps. small globose, dark-coloured or black, cernuous; lid small conical.
Moist alpine rocks, &c.
Wilson says “fruits March (?)” My specimen from Fife is August.
64. DISCELIUM.Brid.
381.D. nudum.Brid. Stemless; l. few, ovate-lanceolate, entire, concave, round the base of the seta, generally buried; seta ½–1in.; caps. sub-globose reddish, cernuous, small; lid conical acute.
Clay banks and beds.II.–IV.
Near Manchester (Cayley); Todmorden (Hobkirk).
382.S. vasculosum.L. Stem ¼–1in. radiculose; l. roundish ovate, obtuse, or ovate-acuminate, entire, narrow at base, not nerved to apex, areolæ lax; caps. small cylindrical on a large globular apophysis; lid convex: dioicous.
Elevated wet places.VII.
383.S. ampullaceum.L. St. about 1in.; l. lower lanceolate, upper larger obovate or oblong-lanceolate, all serrate or sometimes entire, acuminate, nerved nearly to apex; areolæ lax; seta dilated above into a turbinate apophysis, bearing the small cylindrical caps.; the whole shaped like the ancientampulla; lid conical; mono- or dioicous.
On dung in peaty places.V. VI.
384.S. sphœricum.Hedw. St. ½–1in.; l. roundish obovate, acuminate, scarcely serrate, lower smaller, nerved nearly to apex; apophysis not tapering, roundish ovate, about same width as cylindrical capsule; lid mammillate: dioicous.
Dung in moist peaty places.V. VI.
66. TETRAPLODON. B. & S.
385.T. mnioides.B. & S. St. ½–3in. tufted; l. sub-erect obovate or nearly elliptical, suddenly narrowed into a long piliferous point, concave, entire, nerved to apex; caps. elliptical on a large obovate apophysis of about same width; lid conical obtuse.
Moist mountainous situations, on dung, &c.V.
386.T. angustatus.B. & S. St. ½–2in. tufted; l. sub-erect, ovate-lanceolate concave, narrowed into long tapering points, serrate; caps. ovate on an obconical apophysis; lid conical obtuse.
Dung on mountains, rare.VII. VIII.
387.T. serrata.B. & S. St. scarcely 1in.; l. erecto-patent, recurved above, oblong-obovate, lower ovate-lanceolate acuminate, serrate above, not nerved to apex; caps. oval on a long tapering apophysis; lid convex obtuse.
Normal form not found in Britain—only var. γ on turfy soil on Scotch mountains.VII. VIII.
388.D. Froelichianus.Grev. “St. cæspitose or scattered; l. ovate-oblong obtuse, nerve ceasing below apex; caps. (with apophysis) clavato-pyriform; lid conical; teeth of perist. in pairs.” [Wils. Bry. Brit., 296.]
Doubtful native; said to have been found on Ben High,Aberdeen, by Mr. Dickson, but the specimen in Herb. Turner is not certain.
389.D. splachnoides.Grev. St. 1–4in. radiculose; l. erecto-patent, oval-oblong or lingulate obtuse, margin plane, not nerved to apex; caps. obovate with a short tapering neck; lid conical pointed; columella exserted when dry.
Wet mountainous bogs.Scotland.VIII.
390.Œ. Griffithianum.Schw. St. ¼–½in, tufted; barren often much longer; l. obovate-roundish, obtuse, fringed below, not nerved to apex; caps. obovate or pyriform, neck tapering into a thick succulent seta; lid convex obtuse.
Crevices of mountainous rocks.VII. VIII.
391.S. osmundacea.W. & M. St. ¼–½in.; l. bifarious, insertion vertical, lanceolate, pale green; caps. small, sub-globose, mouth large; lid convex; young plant, when growing in caves, emitting a beautiful golden green light.
Sandstone caves and banks, not rare.III.
392.F. exilis.Hedw. St. ⅛in. simple; l. few, lower small ovate, upper lanceolate-oblong oblique, acute, margin not bordered, serrulate, nerved to apex, dorsal wing notreaching to base of leaf; caps. elliptic-oblong, erect, lid conical obliquely rostrate.
Shady banks and woods, not frequent. E. S. I.I.—III.
393.F. viridulus.L. St. ¼in. about; l. lanceolate acute, entire, bordered, crisped when dry, dorsal wing not reaching to base, nerved nearly to apex; caps. oval-oblong erect; lid conical with a blunt point; perist. immersed; barren fl. on a short branch.
Shady banks, rivulets on stones, &c.VIII. IX.
394.F. incurvus.Schw. St. ¼in. about, ascending from a decumbent base; l. lanceolate oblong apiculate, narrowly margined, nerve ceasing near the serrate apex; caps. oval oblique, curved, rarely erect, lid conical rostellate; perist. not immersed; barren fl. sessile at base of stem. [Schp. Syn. 104.]
Shady banks, Cheshire; Hurst-pier-point.II. III.
var.Lylei.l. scarcely margined, narrow; perist. immersed. Cheshire, rare.
395.F. pusillus.Wils. St. shorter; l. erect, acute, narrow; caps. sub-erect; perist. immersed.
Sandstone rocks.
396.F. crassipes.Wils. St. ¼–¾in.; plant more robust; l. larger, broader, and more numerous; caps. obovate-roundish on a short seta, erect.
Sluices. Sandford, near Oxford.X. XI.
397.F. bryoides.Hedw, St. ¼–½in.; l. lanceolateapiculate, with a thickened margin, dorsal wing reaching to, and broad at, the base, strongly nerved to or beyond apex; caps. elliptical erect, symmetrical; lid conical, acutely rostellate; barren fl. axillary.
Shady banks, frequent.I.—III.
398.F. osmundioides.Hedw. St. 1–2in. tufted, erect, radiculose; l. lower scattered, small, upper larger crowded, ovate-lanceolate obtuse, apiculate, margin not thickened, almost entire, not nerved to apex, the latter sometimes toothed; caps. small oval-oblong, sub-erect; lid large convex rostrate.
Wet mountainous rocks.X. XI.
399.F. asplenioides.Hedw. St. (in var. β. only found in Britain) 3–12in.; l. linear-lanceolate or ligulate entire, obtuse, incurved when dry; caps. sub-erect obovate, slightly incurved; lid rostrate, as long as capsule; barren fl. axillary or terminal.
400.F. adiantoedes.Hedw. St. 1–2in. branched, leafy; l. ovate-lanceolate, finely serrulate below, dentate at apex, nerved almost or quite to apex; border sometimesthickened; caps. oval-oblong, constricted at mouth when dry, cernuous; lid with a long beak: monoicous.
Shady wet rocks and bogs.X.–IV.
401.F. taxifolius.Hedw. St. about ½in. fasciculate from base; l. lanceolate, pointed, not bordered, finely crenulate, nerved almost to apex; caps. almost ovate, inclined on a seta curved at summit, and inserted at base of stem, lid large convex with a long oblique beak: monoicous.
Moist shady banks.XII.—II.
402.F. decipiens.De Not. St. about ½in. fasciculate from base; l. lower distant, coulter-shaped, upper imbricate patulous, oblong-ligulate acute or mucronulate, dorsal wing narrow, nerve strongly excurrent, excavate; the cultriform lobe of the upper leaves obliquely acute, longer than half the leaf, upper part strongly serrate; caps. ovate, somewhat constricted at base, erect or inclined; lid large rounded beaked: dioicous. [De Notaris, Epilogo Briol. Ital. 1869, p. 480.]
Damp rocks and old walls.
403.F. tamarindifolius.Donn. St. about ½in. fasciculate, slender; l. elliptical “sub-falciform apiculate,” with an entire pellucid cartilaginous border, nerved to apex; caps. ovate-oblong curved inclined; lid short conical, with a bluntish point.
Banks, &c.II. III.