[A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W]
Abiesbark,53── tannin,31Acacia barks,34-8── fruits,53── tannin,23-5Acetic acid, examining,102Achromatic condenser,9Acid, digallic,76-8──, dioxysalicylic,69-71──, ellagic,71──, ellagitannic,78──, gallic,69-71──, gallotannic,76-8──, quercitannic,78── solutions, preparing standard,95-7Acids, decomposition of tannins by,68-73──, examination of,101──, free, in tan-liquor, determining,108-11Acorn cups,50-3── galls,27Adipose tissue,8Adjustment for thickness of cover-glasses,11African kino,34Air, capacity for moisture,249Albumen,20Alder bark,54Aleppische Gallen,26-8Aleppo galls,26-8Algarobilla,23Algarrobo,23Alkaline solutions, preparing standard,95-7Allen and Warren sprinkler leck,241Alligator skins,255Alnus tannin,54Alum in tanning,218-22Amboyna kino,33American press leck,241── rocker,169── union splitter,188Ampelopsis hæderacea,67Analysing tannins,118-31──, methods for the tannery,90-131Analysis, indicators,91──, instruments,91-5──, standard solutions,90Anatomical structure of hide,2-16Aphis punctures,28Areca-nut cutch,25Armadillo skins,255Artificial light for microscope,12Ash of leather, estimating,107Aspidosperma wood,39Ass skins,255Australian kino,34Babultannin,53Bahera,38Balance,93Balsamocarpon pods,23Bark, commerce,270── elevators,162── mills,158-61Barkometer,169Bates for dressing leather,184-6Beaming dressing leather,187── hides,151Bengal kino,33Bibliography,272-4Blood vessels,8Bloom, source of,62Bloomers for butts,176Blue-back seal-skins,206Boots and shoes, commerce,265Botany Bay kino,34Breaking the nerve,8Bristol finishing,183Buffalo method of unhairing,144── skins,255Bulls'-eye condenser,12Burettes,92Burning-in strap butts,201Butea kino,33Butts, cleansing lime from,155── defined,155──, striking,179Cachou,23-5── jaune,29-31Cæsalpinia pods,25,54Calf kid,223── skins,256Camata valonia,52Camatina valonia,52Cascalote tannin,54Castanea extract,23Catechin,79-81Catechol,67Catechu,23-5Catechutannic acid,81Cellular structure of hide, examining,12Chagrin,258Chamada valonia,52Chamois leather,210-2Charcala valonia,52Chemical composition of hide,17-22Chemistry of tannins,57-82Chestnut extract,23── ── for sole leather,158Chinese galls,28Chlorine in water, estimating,98Chromic and osmic acids for hardening and staining hide sections,14Churco bark,55Cleaning drains in tannery,240Climax scourer,200Commerce,255-71Commercial tanning materials,23-56Composition, chemical, of hide,17-22Comptonia tannin,54Condense-water trap,251Connective tissue,7── ──, nature of,18Constitution of tannins,76-82Construction of tanneries,231-42Conveyors for bark,162Coriaria tannin,54Coriin,19── in lime-liquors, determining,104Corium,2,7Cork-tree bark,38Cover-glasses,11──, screwing objective down on,11Cow skins,261Crown leather,213-7Crust roans,206Curried leather, measuring,202Currying,193-202── crown leather,217── defined,1Cutch,23-5──, commerce,271Cutting hide-sections,12-5Cynips punctures,26Decompositionof phlobaphenes by fusion with caustic alkali,73-5── ── tannins by acids,68-73── ── ── by heat,65── ── ──, products of,65-8Deer skins,256Dégras,211Depilatories, various,150Derma,2Dhak kino,33Diffuseur for exhausting tan,167Digallic acid,76-8Dioxysalicylic acid,69-71Diplolepis punctures,26Disintegrators,158-61Dissolving extracts,168Dividing hides,155Divi-divi,25── ── for sole leather,157Dog skins,256Drainage of tanyard,231Drains from latches and pits,240Dressed leather, commerce,265── skins, commerce,263Dressing leather,184-92Dry raw hides, commerce,264Drying, principles,248-54── -sheds,243-54── sole leather,183Dugong skins,256Dyeing calf kid,224── chamois leather,212── glove kid,229EastIndian kino,33── ── kips,191Écorces de Chêne,38Eichenrinden,38Einbrennen,201Elæocarpus tannin,54Elastic fibres,8── ──, nature of,21Elevators for bark,162Ellagic acid,63,71Ellagitannic acid,78Enamelled leather,203-5── ──, commerce,265Ephreda tannin,54Epidermis of hide,2Epithelial layer of hide,2Erectores pili muscles,2,7Espinillo tannin,54Estimating ash of leather,107── chlorine in water,98── grease in leather,105── hardness of water,97── sulphur in sodium sulphide,104Eucalyptus kino,34── tannin,54Eugenia tannin,54Examination of acids,101── of lime and lime-liquors,102-4── of water,97-100Examining cellular structure of hide,12Exhausting tanning materials,161-8── tannins,117Extracts, commerce,271──, dissolving,168──, preparing,32Fatglands,6Fish skins,256-8Fitzhenry scouring machine,196Flasks,91Fleshing hides,152-5Focus of microscope,10French morocco,206Frizing by hard water,85Fuchsia tannin,54Furnaces for burning tan,164Galläpfel,26-8Galle d'Alep,26-8Gallic acid,69-71Gallotannic acid,76-8Galls,25-9──, commerce,271Galuchat,258Gambia kino,34Gambier,29-31──, commerce,271Gambir,29-31Gammuzza sumach,46Gelatin in lime liquors, determining,104──, nature of,17Gerbersumach,40-50Glands of skin,2,6Glove kid,225-30Gloves, commerce,266Goat skins,258-60Grain of tanned leather,6,8Graining dressing leather,189Grease in leather, estimating,105Grinding tanning materials,158-61Haircuticle,4──, growth,2Handler liquors, table of determinations,111Handlers,169,173Handling hides,169Har,38Hardening hide for cutting,14Hardness of water,84-6── ── ──, estimating,97Harra,38Hartnack's objectives and eye-pieces,10Head required to pass air in pipes,253Heat, decomposition of tannins by,65-8Heating effect of pipes,250── leaches,242── liquors,242Hemlock,31── extract for sole leather,158Henle's layer,5Hide albumen,20──, anatomical structure,2-16──, chemical composition,17-22──, examining cellular structure,12──, hardening, for cutting,14──, holding, for cutting,13──, influence of water in plumping,85──, microscopic examination,9-16──, section,2──, sections, cutting,12-15── ──, mounting,14── ──, rendering transparent,13── ──, simultaneous hardening and staining,14── ──, staining,14── substance in leather, determining,108Hides, beaming,151──, dividing,155──, fleshing,152-5── for sole leather, preparing,132-8──, handling,169──, imports,266-70──, liming,139-45──, preparing for tanning,133-8──, rounding,155──, soaking,133-6──, softening,138──, stocking,136──, sweating,145-7──, unhairing,139-56──, ── by sulphides,147-50High-power objectives,11Hiusache tannin,53Holding hide for cutting,13Holmes' tool carriage,196Horny layer of hide,2── tissues, nature of,21Horse skins,260Hot air pipes,252── water pipes,252Howard scrubber,176Huxley's layer,5Hyaline,6Hydrochloric acid, examining,101Hydrometer,169Hygrometer table,249Hymenæa pods,23Illuminatingapparatus,10── microscope,12Immersion lenses,9Indicators for analysis,91Infusions for Löwenthal's analytical method,130Inga tannin,55Instruments for analysis,91-5Iodina wood,40Iron in tanyards,241Jacksonscouring machine,196Japanese galls,28Japanned leather,203-5── ──, commerce,265Jiggers,207Juchtenleder,208Kamaibark,56Kangaroo skins,260Kát,23-5Keratin,21Kid skins,258-60Kifushi galls,28Kino,32-4Kinoin,81Kiri-hinau tannin,54Kiri-toa-toa bark,55Knoppern galls,27Kut,23-5Lambskins,260Lancashire finish,183Latches, construction,241── for exhausting tan,164-8Laurus tannin,55Layers for butts,176Leaches, heating,242Leather, chemical examination of,105-8──, determining hide substance,108──, estimating ash of,107──, estimating grease in,105──, estimating matters soluble in water,106── manufacture defined,1Lecks for exhausting tan,164-8Levantische Gallen,26-8Levelling glove kid,226Libi-dibi,25Lime, examination of,102── for unhairing,139-45── -liquors, determining gelatin and coriin in,104── ──, examination of,102Liquors, heating,242Literature,272-4Llama skins,261Lockwood automatic scourer,197London finish,183Löwenthal's modified process for analysing tannins,127-31Loxopterygium wood,39Lymph vessels,8Machæriumwood,40Maintenance of tanneries,231-42Malphigia tannin,55Manatee skins,256Mangrove bark,55Manquitta bark,55Measuring curried leather,202Methods of analysis for the tannery,90-131Microscope, artificial light for,12──, choice of,9──, illuminating,12──, price of,10Microscopic examination of hide,9-16Mills for grinding bark,158-61── ── ── sumach leaves,49Mimosa bark,34-8── ── for sole leather,158── tannin,23-5Mineral tanning,218-22Miscellaneous tannins,53-6Mise au vent,194Moëllon,211Molinier's hide-working machine,187Morocco leather,206Mounting hide-sections,14Myrobalans,38──, commerce,271── for sole leather,157Naucitetannin,55Nauclea extract,29-31Nerve, breaking the,8Nitrogen bulb,103Noix de galle,26-8Nut-galls,26-8Oak-barkfor sole leather,157── ── tannin,78── -barks,38── -galls,26-8── -wood extract for sole leather,158Objective, screwing down on cover,11Objectives,8Oiling in currying,195Osmic acid solution, preserving,15── and chromic acids for hardening and staining hide-sections,14Ox skins,261Oxalic acid, examining,102Oxalis tannin,55Oxyphenic acid,67Palaskino,33Pale catechu,29-31Panniculus adiposus,15Pars papillaris,2── reticularis,2Patent leather,203-5Pay-pay pods,55Permanganate process for analysing tannins,128-31Persea bark,55Phlobaphenes,72──, decomposition by fusion with caustic alkali,73-5Phloroglucin,74Phloroglucol,74Phyllocladus bark,55Pipes, heating effect of,250Pipettes,92Pits, construction,238-40Plan of tannery,232-6Plumping hide, influence of water on,85Pokako tannin,54Polygonum leaves,55Pomegranate tannin,55Preller's leather,213-7Preparation of tannins,58Preparing hides for sole leather,132-8Preparing hides for tanning,133-8── standard solutions,95-7Preserving osmic acid solution,15Price of microscope,10Priestman's striking machine,180Prosopis pods,23Protocatechuic acid,75Pterocarpus kinos,33,34Pumps for tannery,241Punica tannin,55Pures for dressing leather,184-6Purification of tannins,58Putz's patent filling,22Pyrocatechin,67Pyrocatechol,67Pyrogallic acid,66Pyrogallol,66Quebrachiawood,40Quebrachitannic acid,82Quebracho,39── catechin,81Quercitannic acid,78Quercus acorn cups,50-3── barks,38Reagentsfor analysing tannins,120-3Rete malpighi,2Retenage,194Rhabdisto valonia,52Rhizophora bark,55Rhus galls,28── leaves,40-50Roble Colorado bark,56Rocker,169Rounding hides,155Rove galls,28Russia leather,208Saltin water, effect of,86Salts for tanning,218-22Sampling tannins,116Sangue del drago,34Schmack,40-50Screwing objective down on cover,11Seal skins,261Sebaceous glands,6Section of hide,2Sections of hide, cutting,12-15Shafting in tannery,236Shagreen,258Shaving dressing leather,187Sheep skins,262Shumac,40-50Site for tannery,231Skins, trade in,255-70Soaking hides,133-6Sod oil,211Sodium sulphide, estimating sulphur in,104Softening hides,138Sole-leather,132-83── ──, preparing hides,132-8── ──, tanning materials,157-68── ──, treatment in the shed,179-83── ──, treatment in the tan-house,169-78── ──, unhairing hides,139-56Soluble matters in leather, estimating,106Splitting dressing leather,188Staining hide-sections,14Standard solutions,90── ──, preparing,95-7── ──, table of,97Statistics,255-71Steam pipes,250── power in tannery,236── trap,251Stieleiche bark,38Stocking hides,136Stretching dressing leather,191Striking butts,179Structure, anatomical, of hide,2-16Stuffing strap-butts,200Sudoriferous glands,6Sulphides for unhairing,147-50Sulphur, estimating, in sodium sulphide,104Sulphuric acid, examining,101Sumach,40-50──, commerce,271── extract,50── mill,49── plantations,40-8Suspender liquors,172── pits,169Sweat glands,6Sweating hides,145-7Sweet-fern tannin,54Table, analyses of spring and river waters,89──, capacity of air for moisture,249──, head for passing air,253──, heating effect of pipes,250──, hygrometric,249──, reactions of tannins,112──, standard solutions,97Tan burning furnaces,164── liquor, determining free acids in,108-11Tanneries, construction,231-42──, maintenance,231-42Tanning defined,1── materials, commerce,270── ──, commercial,23-56── ──, exhausting,161-8── ── for sole leather,157-68── ──, grinding,158-61Tannins, action on gelatin,57──, analysing,118-31──, bloom from,62──, characters,57-8──, chemistry of,57-82──, classification,64──, constitution,76-82──, decomposition by acids,68-73──, ── by heat,65──, exhausting,117──, general chemistry,59-64──, ── methods of examination,65-75──, preparation,58──, products of decomposition by heat,65-8──, purification,58──, qualitative detection,111-4──, quantitative determination,114-31──, reagents for analysing,120-3──, sampling,116──, table of reactions,112Taps for exhausting tan,164-8Tawed leather,223Tawhero towai bark,56Tawing defined,1Tecoma bark,56Terminalia fruits,38Terra japonica,23-5,29-31Tiffany's bate,185Tipuana wood,40Trade in skins,255-70Transparent hide-sections,13Traubeneiche bark,38Turkey galls,26-8Turret driers,245Tutu tannin,54Uncariaextract,29-31Undressed leather, commerce,265── skins, commerce,263Unhairing hides,139-56── ── by lime,139-45── ── by sulphides,147-50── ── by sweating,145-7Valonia,50-3──, commerce,271── for sole leather,157Varnished leather, commerce,265Vélanèdes,50-3Ventilation of drying-sheds,246Virginia creeper,67Wagateapods,56Walrus skins,263Wash leather,210-2Water as used in tanning,83-9──, counteracting chlorides in,87──, detecting various impurities in,99──, dissolved mineral matters in,84──, effect of salt in,86──, estimating chlorine in,98──, ── hardness of,97──, examination of,97-100──, filtering,83──, hardness of,85──, influence on plumping,85──, permanent hardness of,84──, suspended matters in,83──, table of spring and river,89Wattle-bark,34-8── ── plantations,36-7Weinmannia bark,56Wet hides, commerce,263Whawhako tannin,54Whitening in currying,195Wilson's spring butt-roller,181── striking machine,181Wu-pei-tze galls,29