I
iambographer,a writer of iambic verses. Shirley, Maid’s Revenge, i. 2 (Montenegro). Gk. ἰαμβογράφος.
idlesse, ydlesse,idleness. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 2. 31; Greene, Alphonsus, Prol. 11.
idol,a phantom. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xxiii. 94; Od. iv. 1074; an image, Bussy D’Ambois, iv. 1 (Bussy);idole, image, reflection, likeness, Spenser. F. Q. ii. 2. 41. Gk. εἴδωλον, an image, a phantom (Homer).
igniferent,fire-producing, flaming. Birth of Merlin, iv. 5. 95. L.igniferens.
ilke,an ‘elk’, a wild swan. Drayton, Pol. xxv. 86, where it is remarked that it is ‘of Hollanders so term’d’. Seeelk.
illecebrous,enticing. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 7, § 2; W. Webbe. Eng. Poetry (ed. Arber, p. 45). From L.illecebra, enticement;illicere, to entice.
illect,to entice, allure. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 7, § 4. From the pp. stem ofillicere, to allure.
ill-mewed,kept in confinement without proper attention. Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the Country, iii. 3 (Jaques). Seemew(2).
ill-part,playing an evil part; ‘King John, that ill part personage’, Death of E. of Huntington, i. 3 (Friar); see NED. (s.v. Ill, iv. 8. B).
illustrate,to render illustrious; ‘Matter to me of glory, whom their hate Illustrates’, Milton, P. L. v. 739; ‘Good men are the stars, the planets of the ages wherein they live, and illustrate the times’, B. Jonson, Discoveries, lxxxvi (p. 751). L.illustrare, to make famous.
imbibition,treatment with a liquid, which was absorbed. B. Jonson, Alchem. ii. 1 (Subtle).
imboss,to take refuge. Butler, Elephant in the Moon, 130. See below.
imbost,driven to an extremity, like a hunted animal. Beaumont and Fl., Mons. Thomas, iv. 2 (Launcelot); exhausted, Drayton, Pol. xiii. 135. Seeembost.
imbosture,embossed ornament, raised work; ‘There nor wants Imbosture nor embroidery’, Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, iv. 3 (Rufinus). Seeemboss.
imbrangle,to confuse, mix up, entangle. Butler, Hud. ii. 3. 19. A Cheshire word: ‘An imbrangled affair’ (EDD.); cp. ‘brangled’, in prov. use: ‘His accounts are so brangled I could make nothing of ’em’ (Northampton); see EDD. (s.v. Brangle, vb. 2). OF.branler, to shake, brandish (a lance) (Ch. Rol. 3327).
imbrayde,to upbraid. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 12, § 3. Seeembraid.
imbroccato,a pass or thrust in fencing. B. Jonson, Every Man, iv. 7 (or4) (Bobadil);imbrocatas, pl., Cynthia’s Revels, v. 2 (Amorphus). Ital.imbroccata, ‘a thrust at fence, or a venie giuen ouer the dagger’ (Florio);imbroccare, to thrust. Seeembrocata.
immane,huge, great in size. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xxi. 296; Odyssey, ix. 268. L.immanis.
immoment,of no moment, Ant. and Cl. v. 2. 166.
imp,offspring, child. 2 Hen. IV, v. 5. 47; Hen. V, iv. 1. 45; ‘Thou most dreaded impe of highest Jove’, Spenser, F. Q., Introd. 3; i. 9. 6; i. 10. 60; i. 11. 5; ‘The King preferred eighty noble imps to the order of knighthood’, Stow Annals, 1592 (Trench, Sel. Gl.). The orig. mg. ofimpwas a graft, scion, or young shoot. ME.impe: ‘of feble trees ther comen wrecched impes’ (Chaucer, C. T.B.3146); OE.impe, a shoot, graft;impian, to graft. Med. L.impotus, a graft (Lex Salica); Gk. ἔμφυτος, engrafted (N.T. James i. 21).
imp,to engraft new feathers on to a hawk’s wing; to supply it with new feathers. Richard II, ii. 1. 292; Beaumont and Fl., Custom of the Country, v. 5 (Guiomar); Rule a Wife, ii. 1. 6.
impacable,unappeasable. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 9. 22; Ruines of Time, 395. L.pacare, to appease.
impale,to encircle, as with a pale, to surround. 3 Hen. VI, iii. 3; Rowley, All’s Lost, ii. 2. 7; Chapman, tr. of Odyssey, v. 308.
impassible,incapable of suffering. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 24, § 2; Dryden, Hind and Panther, i. 95. Patristic L.impassibilis(Tertullian).
impeach,to hinder. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 28; Spenser, Virgil’s Gnat, 576. Seeempeach.
impechement,hindrance. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 15 (end). Seeempesshement.
imperance,commanding quality, command. Hero and Leander, iii. 392. L.imperare, to command.
impertinent,not pertinent, irrelevant. Bacon, Essay 26; Tempest i. 2. 138.
impeticos,to pocket. Twelfth Nt. ii. 3. 27; a burlesque word coined by the fool; it seems to suggestpetticoat.
implore,entreaty. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 5. 37.
imply,to enfold. Spenser, F. Q. i. 4. 31; i. 6. 6; to involve as a necessary consequence, Pericles, iv. 1. 82.
importable,not to be borne, unendurable. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 35; Chaucer, C. T.B.3792. L.importabilis, unbearable.
importance,import, meaning. Winter’s Tale, v. 2. 20; a matter that concerns, Cymb. i. 4. 45; urgent request, ‘At our importance hither is he come’, King John, ii. 7; Twelfth Nt. v. 371. F.importance, ‘importance, moment, value’ (Cotgr.).
important,urgent. Much Ado, ii. 1. 74; Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s Fortune, iv. 1 (Veramour).
importune,grievous, severe. Spenser, F. Q, i. 12. 16; ii. 6. 29; importunate, Bacon, Essay 9. L.importunus, troublesome.
imposterous, impostorous,deceitful, like an impostor. Beaumont and Fl., Woman-hater, iii. 2 (Duke); Middleton, Mayor of Queenborough, ii. 3 (Horsus).
impostumation,a tumour. Bacon, Essay 15, § 14. Fromimpostume(imposthume).
impotence,want of self-restraint, ungovernable passion. Massinger, A Very Woman, ii. 1 (Antonio).
impotent,unable to restrain oneself, unrestrained. Spenser, F. Q. v. 12. 1; Massinger, Unnatural Combat, iii. 2. 37. L.impotens, powerless. See Trench, Select Glossary (s.v.).
imprest,advance-pay of soldiers or sailors. Dekker, Shoemakers’ Holiday, i. 1 (L. Mayor);imprest money, money advanced, a loan, B. Jonson, Magnetic Lady, iv. 1 (Compass). Ital.impresto, a loan;imprestare, to lend (Florio).
improperation,a reproach, a taunt. Sir T. Browne, Rel. Medici, pt. i, § 3. Deriv. of Late L.improperare, to reproach (Vulgate, Rom. xv. 3).
improve,to use for advantage, to turn to account. Jul. Caesar, ii. 1. 159.
improved,approved. Middleton, The Widow, i. 1 (Brandino).
impuissance,want of power, weakness. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 92).
in;in-and-in, a gambling game for three persons, with four dice;in-and-inwas when there were two doublets, or all four dice alike, which swept all the stakes. B. Jonson, New Inn, Bat Burst, anin-and-inman, i.e. a professed gambler. See Halliwell.In by the week, (?) prepared to go on for a week, Udall, Roister Doister, i. 2. 4.In dock, out nettle, a popular charm, said when rubbing a dock-leaf on the skin, to remove the effects of a sting by a nettle. Hence applied to a change from pain to joy, or to any exhibition of inconstancy or unsteadiness (Nares). Udall, Roister Doister, ii. 3. 8; Heywood, English Proverbs, 54, 133. In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Nettle). ME.Netle in, dokke out(Chaucer, Tr. and Cr. iv. 461). See Skeat, Early English Proverbs, § 187.
incarnadine,to dye red. Macbeth, ii. 2. 62.Incarnadine= F.incarnadin; Ital.incarnadino, carnation colour (Florio); lit. flesh-colour, deriv. ofcarne, flesh.
†incartata,an (assumed) term in fencing. Pl.incartata’s, Nabbes, Microcosmus, ii. 1 (Choler). Nabbes explains it as being one of the ‘terms in our dialect to puzzle desperate ignorance’.
incend,to heat; to inflame, incite.Incended, heated, Sir T. Elyot, Castel of Helth, bk. iii, c. 3; Governour, bk. i, c. 23, § last but one. L.incendere, to set on fire.
incense,to ‘insense’, to make to understand. Hen. VIII, v. 1. 43. ‘To insense’ (also written ‘incense’) is in gen. prov. use in the sense of ‘to cause to understand, to explain’ in Scotland and Ireland, also in England, from the north to Somerset and Cornwall; see EDD. Anglo-F.ensenser, to inspire, persuade (Gower).
incentive,enkindling; ‘Incentive reed . . . pernicious with one touch to fire’ (i.e. the gunner’s match), Milton, P. L. vi. 519.
inceration,a bringing to the consistency of wax. B. Jonson, Alchemist, ii. 1 (Face). Deriv. of L.cera, wax. Cp.ceration.
inchoation,beginning. Bacon, Hen. VII (ed. Lumby, pp. 62, 92). L.inchoatio, beginning (Vulgate, Heb. vi. 1); deriv. ofinchoare, to begin.
inchpin,a name among huntsmen for the sweetbread of a deer; by some explained as ‘the lower gut’, so Cotgrave (s.v.Boyau); Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 219; ‘The sweete gut which some call the Inchpinne’, Turbervile, Hunting, 134; B. Jonson, Sad Sheph. i. 2 (Robin).
incision,blood-letting.To make incision, to let blood, in order to cure, As You Like It, iii. 2. 75; gallants were in the habit of stabbing their arms, to prove their love for a mistress, Merchant of Venice, ii. 1. 6.
incomber,an ‘encumber’, an encumbrance on an estate, a mortgage; ‘Raves hee for bonds and incombers’, Dekker, If this be not a good Play (Lurchall’s last speech), Works, iii. 358.
income,an entrance-fee. Latimer, Seven Sermons before Edw. VI (ed. Arber, p. 50); Chapman, Mons. d’Olive, iii. 1 (Mugeron); a coming in, arrival, Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xvii. 482.
incompared,incomparable, matchless. Spenser, Verses to Sir F. Walsingham, l. 1.
incontinent,immediately. Richard II, v. 6. 48; Othello, iv. 3. 12. F.incontinent, ‘incontinently, immediately’ (Cotgr.). Late L.in continenti(tempore), in continuous time, without interval (Tertullian); see Rönsch.
incontinently,immediately. Othello, i. 3. 306.
incony,fine, delicate, pretty; ‘My sweet ounce of man’s flesh, my in-conie Jew’, L. L. L. iii. 1. 136; iv. 1. 144; ‘Thy incony lap’, Marlowe, Jew of Malta, iv. 5 (or6). A cant word, prevalent about 1600, of doubtful meaning and of unascertained origin.
increable,incredible. Caxton, Hist. Troye, leaf 140. 9; lf. 150, back, 6. OF.increable(F.incroyable), incredible.
indagation,investigation. B. Jonson, Discoveries, lxxiv. L.indagatio(Cicero).
inde,blue; seeynde.
indeniz’d into,made to dwell in another body, metamorphosed into; ‘The perverse and peevish Are next indeniz’d into wrinkled apes’, Fisher, True Trojans, ii. 3. 23; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 172. Short forendenizen’d.
indent,to bargain. 1 Hen. IV, i. 3. 87. Lit. to make an indenture or covenant; an indenture being so called because duplicate deeds were cut with notched edges to fit one another. Med. L.indentare, ‘dente infringere, occare’ (Ducange); Law L.indentare, to indent.
indifferent,impartial. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 1; v. 9. 36.
indigne,unworthy, undeserving. Spenser, F. Q. iv. 1. 30. F.indigne.
indignify,to treat with indignity, to scorn. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 1. 30; Colin Clout, 583.
induction,a bringing in; ‘The solemne induction of the Arke into the oracle’,Bible, 2 Chron. v (contents); initial step in an undertaking, 1 Hen. IV, iii. 1. 2. L.inductio, an introduction, leading into (Cicero).
indue,to clothe, usedfig.: ‘Untill ye be indued with power from on high’ (quoadusque induamini virtutem ex alto),Bible, Luke xxiv. 49. L.induo, to put on an article of dress.
indue,to endow. Twelfth Nt. i. 5. 105; Two Gent. v. 4. 153;indued unto, endowed with qualities suited to, Hamlet, iv. 7. 180;indues to, brings to, Othello, iii. 4. 146. Seeendue.
indurance;seeendurance.
inew;seeenew.
infame,to accuse as being infamous. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 7, § 10.Infamed, branded with infamy, Bacon, Essay 19, § 6. Med. L.infamare, ‘accusare, criminari’ (Ducange).
infamous,ill-spoken of, of ill report. Milton, Comus, 424; deserving of infamy, Spenser, F. Q. i. 12. 27.
infant,a youth of noble or gentle birth. Spenser, F. Q. ii. 11. 25 (used of ‘a young knight’ of Prince Arthur); vi. 8. 25 (used of Prince Arthur). OF.enfant, a young aspirant to knightly honours (Ch. Rol. 3196). Cp. the use of ‘Childe’ for a youth trained to arms, in Spenser, F. Q. ii. 8. 7 (see Glossary, ed. C. P.).
infarce,to stuff, cram full. Sir T. Elyot, Castle of Helth, bk. iii, c. 1; id., Governour, bk. i, c. 3 (end). L.infarcire, to stuff.
infausting,a bringing of ill-luck. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 179). From L.infaustus, unlucky.
infer,to bring upon, inflict. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 8. 31; to bring about, Richard III, iv. 4. 343. L.inferre, to bring upon.
infude,to infuse. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, c. 23, § 2; see Croft’s note, ii. 351.
infuse,infusion. Spenser, Hymn of Heavenly Love, 47.
ingate,entrance, ingress. Spenser, View of Ireland, Globe ed., p. 650, l. 22; Ruines of Time, 47. In prov. use in the north country (EDD.). Seegate.
ingenerate,begotten; Chapman, tr. of Iliad, bk. xviii. 323; implanted, Sir T. Elyet, Governour, bk. i, ch. 20, § 1. L.ingeneratus, inborn, implanted.
ingenious,ingenuous. Webster, Duch. of Malfi, i. 1 (Duchess). Conversely,ingenuously= ingeniously, id., Devil’s Law-case, i. 1 (Contarino).
ingine, ingene,ingenuity, quickness of intellect. B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, v. 2 (Tub); Every Man, v. 3 (or1) (Clement). ‘Ingine’ is the usual Scottish form (EDD.). Seeenginous.
ingle,a favourite boy, an intimate associate, darling. B. Jonson, Sil. Woman, i. 1 (Truewit); Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, i. 2 (Viola). A Gloucestershire word, see EDD. (s.v. Ingle, sb.21).
ingle,to wheedle, coax. Middleton, Blurt, Mr. Constable, ii. 2 (Imperia).
ingram,ignorant. Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, v. 1 (Shorthose); Three Lords and Three Ladies of London, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 397; Bullein’s Dialogue, 5 (Halliwell); ‘An ingrame,ignarus’, Levins, Manipulus. A Northumberland word (EDD.).
ingurgitation,a gluttonous swallowing. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 11, § last; id., bk. iii, c. 22, § 2. Late L.ingurgitatio, immoderate eating and drinking; L.gurges, an abyss, usedfig.of an insatiable craving (Cicero).
inhabitable,uninhabitable. Richard II, i. 1. 65; Puttenham, Eng. Poesie, bk. iii, c. 22; p. 266. F.inhabitable, ‘unhabitable’ (Cotgr.). L.inhabitabilis, not habitable (Cicero).
inhabited,not dwelt in, uninhabited. Beaumont and Fl., Thierry, iii. 1 (Thierry). F.inhabité, uninhabited (Cotgr.).
inholder,a tenant. Spenser, F. Q. vii. 7. 17. Not found elsewhere.
iniquity;seevice.
injury,to injure. Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, i. 1 (near the end); Middleton, Your Five Gallants, iii. 2 (Tailby); to abuse with words, ‘We freely give our souldiers libertie to . . . injurie him with all manner of reproaches’, Florio, Montaigne, I. xlvii. F.injurier(Montaigne).
inkle,a kind of tape. Wint. Tale, iv. 4. 208; alsoincle, Shirley, Gamester, iv. 1 (Page). In prov. use, see EDD. (s.v. Inkle, sb.1) .
inlawed,brought under the protection of the law. Bacon, Henry VII (ed. Lumby, p. 16).
inleck,a leak in a ship, letting water in. Stanyhurst, tr. of Aeneid, i. 560. OE.hlec, leaky. Not found elsewhere.
inly,inward. Two Gent. ii. 7. 18;inly, inwardly, Temp. v. 200; intimately, deeply. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 38.
inmew;in Beaumont and Fl., Knight of Malta, ii. 2 (Miranda): ‘As if a Falcon . . . at his pitch inmew the Town below him.’ Probably a misprint forinnew, a spelling ofenew,q.v.
inn,a dwelling-place, abode, lodging. Spenser, F. Q. i. 1. 33; iii. 3 30; vi. iii. 29. ME.in, dwelling (Chaucer, C. T.A.3622). OE.inn, ‘domus’ (Matt. xiii. 36).
innocent,a fool, idiot. Lyly, Euphues (ed. Arber, p. 98); Fletcher, Rule a Wife, iii. 1. 14. In prov. use in the north country (EDD.).
inquest,a quest, search. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 2. 4.
inquisition,inquiry, search. Temp. i. 2. 35; ‘Inquisycion for bloode’, Great Bible, 1539, Ps. ix. 12. L.inquisitio, a judicial inquiry (Vulgate, Acts xii. 19).
in-same,together, in company, in late use, a mere expletive; ‘Lo! my top I drive in-same’, World and Child, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, i. 245; ‘I am seemly-shapen in-same’; id. 247. ME.samen, together (Ormulum, 377);in same, together (used as an expletive), see Wars Alex. 2646.
insecution,close pursuit. Chapman, tr. of Iliad, xi. 524; xxiii. 448. Late L.insecutio, ‘persecutio’ (Ducange).
insense;seeincense.
insignement,teaching, showing. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. ii, c. 12, § 5. Seeenseignement.
insolence,originality of genius (of a poet); ‘Being filled with furious insolence’, Spenser, Colin Clout, 619. See Trench, Sel. Gl. 150.
insolent,unusual, original; ‘Most loftie, insolent, and passionate’, Puttenham. Eng. Poesie, bk. i, c. 31; p. 77. L.insolens, unusual.
instance,urgency; ‘With all instance and supplicacion’ (= Vulgate,in omni instantia et obsecratione), Tyndale, Eph. vi. 18). F.instance, urgency (Cotgr.).
instance,something which urges or impels, a motive, cause. Richard III, iii. 2. 25; All’s Well, iv. 1. 44. Late L.instantia, urgency.
instant,urgent, persevering.Bible, Rom. xii. 12 (AV.);instantly, urgently, earnestly, Luke vii. 4 (Tyndale and AV.). L.instans, persevering (Vulgate, Acts vi. 4).
instate,to endow. Measure for M. v. 1. 429;instate to, make over to, Dekker and Middleton, Witch of Edmonton, i. 2 (O. Thorney).
instaure,to renew, repair. Marston, What you Will, i. 1 (Jacomo). L.instaurare, to renew (Vulgate, Eph. i. 10).
instinction,instigation, inspiration. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, ch. 13, § 4; natural impulse, instinct, id., bk. iii, ch. 3, § 5. Deriv. of L.instinctus, instigated, pp. ofinstinguere.
instop,to stop up or fill up the seams of a ship. Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, st. 147. Du.instoppen, to cram in (Sewel).
intend,to stretch or shoot out (of a dragon’s sting). Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 38. L.intendere.
intend,to attend to; ‘(When Augustus was at the games) he did nothing else but intend the same’, Holland, tr. Suetonius. 60 (Trench, Sel. Gl. 151); ‘Every man profiteth in that he most intendeth’, Bacon, Essay 29; Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, i. 2 (Luce); Massinger, Emperor of the East, i. 2 (Pulcheria).
intendiment,understanding. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 32; Teares of the Muses, 144. Med. L.intendimentum, ‘mens, intelligentia’,intendere, ‘intelligere’ (Ducange).
interesse,the being concerned or having part in the possession of anything; ‘interest’, title, or claim; ‘The right title and interesse that they have’, Act 7 Hen. VII, c. 2, § 5; Spenser, F. Q. vii. 6. 33; interest on money, Hen. VIII, Instruct. Orator (NED.). Anglo-F.interesse,A.D.1388 (NED.); Med. L.interesse, ‘usura, foenus, quod ultra sortem solvitur, vel quod quanti alicujus interest’ (Ducange); subst. use of L.interesse, to be between, to be of importance.
interessed,pp., interested; ‘(They) were commonly interessed therein themselves for their own ends’, Bacon, Essay 3 (end); ‘The heathens . . . were nothing interessed in that dispute’, Dryden, Pref. Religio Laici (ed. Christie, Clar. Press, p. 123); Massinger, Duke of Milan, i. 1; speltinterest, invested with a right or share, King Lear, i. 1. 87.
interest,to invest a person with a share in, or title to something; ‘Aurora ravish’d him . . . And interested him amongst the Gods’, Chapman, tr. Odyssey, xv. 326.
interlunar,between two moons; with reference to the period between the waning of the old and the waxing of the new moon; ‘Silent as the moon . . . Hid in her vacant interlunar cave’, Milton, Samson, 89. L.lunaris, relating to the moon.
intrince,intricate, entangled. King Lear, ii. 2. 81; short forintrinsicate, Ant. and Cl. v. 2. 307. Deriv. of L.intrinsecus, inwardly.
intuse,a bruise. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 33. L.intusus, pp. ofintundere, to bruise.
inundant,inundating, overflowing. Heywood, Witches of Lancs. v (Generous), vol. iv, p. 252, l. 4. L.inundare, to inundate.
invect,to inveigh. Beaumont and Fl., Faithful Friends, iii. 3 (M. Tullius). Cp. L.invectio, an attacking with words, deriv. ofinvehere, to inveigh against.
invent,to find. Spenser, F. Q. iii. 5. 10; v. 11. 50.
invest,to enwrap, to enfold; ‘While night Invests the sea’, Milton, P. L. i. 208; iii. 10; vii. 372; to put on, to don, Spenser, F. Q. iv. 5. 18. Linvestire, to clothe.
investion,investiture. Marlowe, 1 Tamburlaine, i. 2 (near the end).
invinced,unconquered; never before conquered. Heywood, Silver Age, A iii (Hercules), vol. iii, p. 131. L.vincere, to conquer. Only found in Heywood’s writings.
invious,pathless, trackless. Butler, Hud. i. 3. 386. Cp. L.invius; fromvia, a way.
inward,intimate, confidential; ‘Inward Counsellours’, Bacon, Essays, 20, § 4; Marston, Malcontent, iv. 1 (Mendoza); an intimate acquaintance, ‘I was an inward of his’, Measure for M. iii. 2. 138.
†iper,a kind of fish, of small value; ‘Amongst fishes, a poor iper’, Webster, Appius, iii. 4 (Corbulo). Only in this passage.
Irish,an old game resembling backgammon. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, v. 4 (Lady); the Irish game, Shirley, St. Patrick (Epilogue). See Cotton’s Compleat Gamester, 1680, p. 109.
irous,wrathful. Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. i, c. 9, § 1. Anglo-F.irous(Gower); from L.ira, anger.
†irpes(?). ‘From Spanish shrugs, French faces, smirks, irpes, and all affected humours, Good Mercury defend us’, B. Jonson, Cynthia’s Revels, v. 3 (Palinode).
Isgrim,the name of the wolf in the story of Reynard the Fox. Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, iii. 3 (Hubert).Isegrimin Caxton’s version;Isengrijnin Willem’s Low German poem;Ysegrimin Leeu’s Low German prose version; see Caxton’s Reynard (ed. Arber, p. ix).
island,a shock-dog, rough dog; lit. ‘Iceland dog’, Shirley, Hyde Park, i. 2 (Mis. Car.); ‘Her Iceland cur’, Massinger, The Picture, v. 1 (Ubaldo).
†iulan,of the first growth of the beard; ‘Iulan down’, Middleton, The Changeling, i. 1 (Vermandero). Gk. ἴουλος, the first growth of the beard. Not found elsewhere.
ivybush,the bush of ivy hung out as a vintner’s sign. Earle, Microcosmographie, § 12; ed. Arber, p. 33. The same asbushin As You Like It (Epilogue).
iwis, ywis,(often writtenI wis), certainly, assuredly. Tam. Shrew, i. 1. 62; Richard III, i. 3. 102;ywis, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 1. 19;i-wusse, B. Jonson, Poetaster, v. 1 (Tucca);wusse, id., Devil an Ass, i. 3 (Fitz). ME.iwis, certainly, truly (Chaucer, Compleint, 48); OE.gewiss, certain.
J
Jack,a lad, fellow, chap, a young knave. Taming Shrew, ii. 1. 290; Middleton, Women beware, i. 2 (Ward); Heywood, Wise Woman of Hogsdon, v. 1 (Sir Harry); a Knave in Cards, Cotton, Complete Gamester, ix; figure of a man striking the bell on the outside of a clock, Richard III, iv. 2. 117; also,Jack o’ the clock, Richard II, v. 5. 60;Jack i’ the clock-house, Beaumont and Fl., Coxcomb, i. 5. 3;jack, the piece of wood with a quill for plucking the strings of the ‘virginal’, Shaks., Sonnet 128;Jack o’ Bethleem, seebedlam;Jack in box, one who deceived tradesmen by substituting empty boxes for boxes full of money, Middleton, Spanish Gipsy, iv. 1 (Sancho’s song), see Dyce, iv. 164;Jack-a-Lent, a small stuffed puppet thrown at during Lent; a butt, Merry Wives, iii. 3. 27; v. 5. 134; Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iv. 4 (Rowland).
jack,a coat of quilted or plated leather, a coat of defence. Drayton, Pol. xxii. 166; ‘His golden-plated Iacke’, Twyne, tr. of Virgil, Aeneid x, 314.
jack,a drinking-measure, pot; said to contain half a pint. Taming Shrew, iv. 1. 51; Tusser, Husbandry, § 85. 10.
jackman;seejarkman.
jack merlin,a male merlin or hawk. Beaumont and Fl., Honest Man’s Fortune, v. 1. 13.
Jacob’s staff;‘A pilgrim’s staff, so called from those who go on pilgrimage to the city of St. Iago, or St. James Compostella in Spain’, Blount, Glossographia; with reference to Gen. xxxii. 10, Spenser, F. Q. i. 6. 35; a cross-staff, an instrument for measuring heights and distances, Marlowe, 2 Tamburlaine, iii. 3 (Techelles); Beaumont and Fl., Elder Brother, ii. 1 (Brisac); Butler, Hudibras, ii. 3. 786; used by astrologers and astronomers, Marmyon’s Fine Companion (Nares).
jaculation,a hurling. Milton, P. L. vi. 665. L.jaculatio.
jade,to over-drive, to pursue to weariness; ‘It is a dull thing to tire, and, as we say, toIadeanything too farre’, Bacon, Essay 32; ‘The ne’er-yet beaten horse of Parthia We have jaded out o’ th’ field’, Ant. and Cl. iii. 1. 34. From ‘jade’, a contemptuous term for a horse; Scot.jaud; Norm. F. *jaude, Icel.jalda, a mare; cp. Scot.yaud, an old worn-out horse, see EDD. (s.v. Jade).
jambeux,leggings, armour for the legs. Dryden, Palamon and Arc., iii. 35; speltgiambeux, Spenser, F. Q. ii. 6. 29. ME.jambeux(Chaucer, C. T.B.2065). See Dict. (s.v. Jamb).
Jane,a small silver coin of Genoa, introduced into England in Chaucer’s time. Phr.many a Jane(i.e. much money), Spenser, F. Q. iii. 7. 58 (borrowed from Chaucer, C. T.B.1925). OF.Janne(s, Genoa.
jane,a twilled cotton cloth, a kind of fustian, ‘jean’; ‘Jane judgments’, coarse, common judgments, Two Noble Kinsmen, iii. 5. 8. Named from Genoa.
jant,to over-tire a horse. Tusser, Husbandry, § 87. 3;jaunt, Cotgrave (s.v. Jancer). Seejaunce.
jant,smart, showy; ‘To Smeton . . . Where were dainty ducks, and jant ones’, Brathwaite, Drunken Barnaby, 119.
janty, jaunty,genteel, elegant, stylish;janty, Parson’s Wedding, i. 3 (Sad); in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xiv. 401 (but speltgantyin ed. 1663);jantee, Shadwell, Timon (epilogue). Anglicized phonetic representation of F.gentil, see NED. (s.v. Jaunty).
jape,to jest, joke. Berners, Froissart, I, ccxxxiii. 324; ‘I dyd but jape with hym’, Palsgrave; a merry tale, a jest, Sir T. Elyot, Governour, bk. iii, ch. 29, § 2; Sir T. Wyatt, Sat. i. 31. ME.jape, vb. (Chaucer, Leg. G. W. 1699; sb. C. T.A.4201). Cp. O. Prov.gap, ‘plaisanterie, raillerie’ (Levy).
jar,to grate; hence, to quarrel, dispute; ‘We will not jar’, Marlowe, Jew of Malta, ii. 2 (Barabas);jarre, Gascoigne, Works, i. 105; l. 16.
jar,a grating noise; the tick of a clock; also, a quarrel, dispute; ‘A jar of the clock’, Wint. Tale, i. 2. 43; ‘fallen at jars’, 2 Hen. VI, i. 1. 253.
jarkman,an educated beggar. (Cant.) Fletcher, Beggar’s Bush, ii. 1.4; ‘A Ia[r]ckeman is he that can write and reade, and somtime speake latin; he vseth to make counterfaite licences which they call Gybes, and sets to Seales, in their language called Iarkes’, Awdeley, Vagabonds, p. 5. SpeltJackman, B. Jonson, Gipsies Metamorphosed (first stage direction).
jasp,a jasper. Spenser, Visions of Bellay, ii. 11. ME.jasp(Wyclif, Isaiah liv. 12), OF.jaspe. L.iaspis. Gk. ἴασπις.
jaum,to ‘jam’, press, squeeze; to be hard upon, to jeer at. Heywood, Witches of Lancs., A. i (near the end); vol. iv, p. 186. In prov. use in Yorks. and Lincoln, meaning ‘to squeeze’; see EDD. (s.v. Jam).
jaunce,to stir a horse, to make him prance, usedfig.Richard II, v. 5. 94; a weary journey, Rom. and Jul. ii. 5. 53;geances, troublesome journeys, B. Jonson, Tale of a Tub, ii. 1 (Hilts). ‘Jaunce’ is in use in Sussex for a weary or tiring journey, see EDD. (s.v. Jance). F.jancer un cheval, ‘to stirre a horse in the stable till he sweat with-all, or as ourjaunt’ (Cotgr.). See NED.
jaunt;seejant.
jaunts(?); ‘You lead me fair jaunts, sir’, Middleton, Mich. Term, iii. 5 (Shortyard). Perhaps the same word asjaunce, taken as a plural; fromjauntsthus evolved would come ourjaunt. If this explanation be correct, Middleton’s word would mean ‘troublesome journeys’.
javel,a low fellow; ‘He called the fellow ribbalde, villaine, javel’, Robynson, tr. More’s Utopia, 46; Spenser, Mother Hubberd, 309; Appius and Virginia, Hazlitt’s Dodsley, iv. 150;javill, Roper’s Life of Sir Thos. More (in Robynson’s Utopia, p. lv). ME.javel, ‘joppus, joppa’ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 1097).
jawme,a ‘jamb’, side post of a door-way. Speltjame, Golding, Metam. xii. 281; fol. 146, bk. (1603);jawme, id. (1593). ‘Jawm’ (‘Jaum’) is still the prov. form in the north country, see EDD. (s.v. Jamb). F.jambe, ‘the leg, the jaumbe or side-post of a door’ (Cotgr.).
jawn,a chine, fissure, chasm. Marston, Antonio, Pt. II, ii. 1 (Pandulfo). Seechawne.
jerk,to scourge, whip, lash; ‘Fouetter, to scourge, yerke, or jerke’, Cotgrave; a sharp stroke with a whip, Randolph, Muses’ Looking-glass, i. 4 (Satire). Hencejerker, one who lashes severely; Beaumont and Fl., Wit without Money, iv. 3. 3. Seeyerk.
jernie,to utter a profane oath; ‘Although he jernie and blaspheme’, Butler, On our Imitation of the French (near the end); Remains (ed. 1759, i. 84); see NED. F.jerni(jarni), forjarnidieu, i.e.je renie Dieu, I renounce God. See Cotgrave (s.v.Jarnigoy).
jert,to use a whip. Nash, Summer’s Last Will (Harvest), in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, viii. 52. See EDD.
jest,a deed, action; ‘A worthy jest’, Wounds of Civil War, in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vii. 186; ‘in this jest’, in this action, Downfall of E. of Huntingdon, i. 3 (Robin); in Hazlitt, viii. 114. Seegest(e.
jet,to fling about the body, to strut about, Twelfth Nt. ii. 5. 36; ‘I jette,Je me jamboye’, Palsgrave. ‘Jet’ in this sense is a Warwicksh. word, see EDD. (s.v. Jet, 4). F.jetter(jecter), to throw (Cotgr.).
jet upon,to encroach upon, Richard III, ii. 4. 51; Titus Andron. ii. 1. 64.
jetty,to move about briskly. Tusser, Husbandry, § 68. 1.
Jew’s ear,an edible cup-shaped fungus, growing on roots and trunks of trees,HirneolaorExidia Auricula-Judæ. Heywood, Witches of Lancs, iii (Joan), in Wks. iv. 207; ‘Jew’s eares . . . an excrescence about the roots of Elder, and concerneth not the Nation of the Jews, but Judas Iscariot, upon a conceit, he hanged on this tree’, Sir T. Browne, Vulgar Errors, ii. 7. 8 (Pseud. Ep. ii. 6. 101, NED.). See Nares.
jib-crack,a ‘gimcrack’. Fletcher, Woman’s Prize, iv. 1. 7.
jiggumbob,a trifle, toy, knick-knack, thing of slight value.Jiggembobs, Middleton, Women beware Women, ii. 2 (Fabricio);jigambob, Fletcher, Pilgrim, iii. 1. 14;jiggumbobs, Butler, Hud. iii. 1. 108.
jigmaker,a ballad-writer. Hamlet, iii. 2. 131. Dekker, Honest Wh., Pt. I, i. 1 (end).
jimmal-ring,a double ring (sometimes a treble ring), the rings being linked by a hinge. Thejimmall-ring, or True-love-knot, Herrick. Seegimmal.
job,to stab slightly, to peck. Tusser, Husbandry, § 37. 12. In prov. use in the British Isles (EDD.). ME.jobbyn: ‘byllen or iobbyn as bryddys, iobbyn with the byl’ (Prompt.).
jobbernowl,a jocular term for the head, usually connoting stupidity. Butler, Hud. iii. 2. 815; Marston, Scourge of Villanie, ii. 6. 200; a stupid person, a blockhead, ‘Teste de bœuf, a joult-head, jobbernoll, cod’s-head, logger-head, one whose wit is as little as his head is great’, Cotgrave. In prov. use in both senses in the north country and E. Anglia (EDD.).
job-nut,the name of a childish game, in which hazel-nuts are perforated and strung through, in order to be knocked against each other. Lady Alimony, ii. 5 (Fricase). See NED. (s.v.Job, sb. (3)).
John Dory.The name of a popular song, ab. 1609; ‘I’ll have John Dorrie! For to that warlike tune I will be open’d’, Fletcher, The Chances, iii. 2 (Antonio). The legend is, that he was a commander of a French privateer, who undertook to take English prisoners to Paris, but was himself captured in the attempt; ‘Would I had gone to Paris with John Dory’ (ironical), Beaumont and Fl., Knt. of the B. Pestle, ii. 2 (Humphrey). See Nares.
jointer,joint-possessor. Greene, Friar Bacon, iii. 3 (1366); scene 10. 8 (W.); p. 170, col. 1.
jollyhead,jollity, mirth. Spenser, F. Q. vi. 11. 32.
jouissance,pleasure, merriment, mirth. Spenser, Shep. Kal., May, 25; Nov., 2. F.jouissance, an enjoying (Cotgr.).
journall,daily. Spenser, F. Q. i. 11. 31; Cymb. iv. 2. 10. F.journal, ‘journal, daily’ (Cotgr.). L.diurnalis(Ducange).
jovy,‘jovial’, merry. Beaumont and Fl., Wildgoose Chase, iii 1 (Mirabel); B. Jonson, Alchem. v. 3 (Kastril).
jowl, joll,to strike, knock, esp. the head. As You Like It, i. 3. 59; Hamlet, v. 1. 84; ‘I jolleone aboute the eares’, Palsgrave. Beaumont and Fl., Scornful Lady, ii. 1. In prov. use in many parts of England from Lakeland to E. Anglia (EDD.). Deriv. of ME. ‘jolleor heed,caput’ (Prompt. EETS., see note, no. 1112).
judge,the name of the rook or castle in the game of chess. Only in Fitzherbert, Husbandry, Prol. 20. Fitzherbert’s rendering ofjustitiarius, the name applied to the rook in a Latin treatise on chess (c.1400A.D.). See NED.
judgement,a competent critic, a judge. Tr. and Cr. i. 2. 208; Dryden, Prol. to Secret Love, 45; Epil. to Evening Love, 3.
Jug,a familiar substitution for the female name of Joan; ‘Clown[toJoan], Bring him away,Jug! EnterJoan, with a fish’, Rowley, A Woman never vext, i. 1; in Hazlitt’s Dodsley, xii. 115. In Espinasse’s Lancashire Worthies Joan, the daughter of the celebrated Dr. Byrom, is familiarly called ‘Jugg’. See Bardsley’s English Surnames, p. 49 (note). This familiar name was applied to a homely woman, a maid-servant, the sweetheart of a peasant, King Lear, i. 4. 247; ‘A soldier and his jug’, A Knack to know a Knave (Hazlitt’s Dodsley, vi. 511); Preston, K. Cambises (Davies, Gl.).
jugal,conjugal, matrimonial; ‘The jugal knot’, Middleton, A Fair Quarrel, ii. 2 (Jane). Cp. L.vinclum jugale(Virgil).
julio,an Italian coin worth about sixpence. Webster, White Devil (Monticelso), ed. Dyce, p. 23; Shirley, Sisters, iii. 1 (Frapolo). Ital.giulio, named after Pope Julius II (1503-13); a coin by Julius the Pope worth sixpence sterling (Florio).
jument,a beast; properly a beast of burden. Cartwright, The Ordinary, ii. 1 (Slicer). OF.jument, a beast of burden; a mare (Cotgr.). L.jumentum, a yoke-beast.
jump,a kind of short coat for men; ‘Your velvet jumps’, Wycherley, Gent. Dancing-master, Epilogue, 33. In prov. use in various parts of England meaning a loose jacket, a child’s frock, also, a kind of stays, open in front (EDD.).
jump,to hazard, risk, Macbeth, i. 7. 7; Cymbeline, v. 4. 187; hencejump, hazard, venture, Ant. and Cl. iii. 8. 6.
jump with,to agree, tally, coincide with, Merch. Ven. ii. 9. 32; Taming Shrew, i. 1. 194; 1 Hen. IV, i. 2. 78; hence,jump, exactly, precisely, Hamlet, i. 1. 65; Othello, ii. 3. 392. In prov. use both as vb. and adv. (EDD.).
juppon,a close-fitting doublet worn under a hauberk. Dryden, Palamon, iii. 28. F.jupon, a short cassock (Cotgr.).
justle,to ‘jostle’. Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 129.
jut, jutt,to jolt, bump, knock, push. Earle, Microcosmographie, no. 39, Plausible Man;jutte, a bump, push, Udall, Roister Doister, iii. 3. 8. In use in Yorks, Notts, and Linc. (EDD.).
jutty,to project beyond, to overhang. Hen. V, iii. 1. 13; ‘Let their eie-browes juttie over’, Kyd, Spanish Tragedy, iii. 12 a (Appendix, D. 138); ed. Schick, p. 121; the projecting part of a wall or building, Macbeth, i. 6. 6. Compare the Glouc. word ‘jetty’, to protrude (EDD.).