[1600]Cod ThVIII2 § 3. By long use the word had become quite official. Cfinopes ac vagiin TacannIV4, etc.[1601]Cod JustXII33 § 6.[1602]De Coulanges pp 168-9 points out that in the early Middle Age we findingenui=coloni.[1603]temonaria functio.See Dirksen undertemo. Cod ThXI16 §§ 14, 15, 18, cfVII13 § 7,VI26 § 14.[1604]WallonIII149, 476.[1605]Cod ThVII13 § 7, where occur the wordscum corpora postulanturopposed toaurum. For the money-commutation (adaeratio) often accepted from the landlords see MommsenGes SchrVIp 254Das Röm Militärwesen seit Diocletian. Also Rostowzew in theJournal of Roman StudiesvolVIIIonSynteleia tironon, and Wagner on AmmianusXIX11 § 7.[1606]Cf Vegetiusrei militI7, of the disasters caused by slovenly recruiting,dum indicti possessoribus tirones per gratiam aut dissimulationem probantium tales sociantur armis quales domini habere fastidiunt.[1607]Cod ThIV13 §§ 2, 3, kept with variants in cod JustIV61 § 5.[1608]Cod ThXI8.[1609]Cod ThXI16 § 10, 17 §§ 2-4.[1610]For the special position of imperial senators see Dill pp 126, 166, 196, 218 foll.[1611]Cod ThXI11, kept with some omissions in cod JustXI55 § 2.[1612]Cod ThXI16 § 4, cod JustXI48 § 1.[1613]SeeckI, chapter ondie Ausrottung der Besten.[1614]PlinyNHXVIII296. PalladiusVII2.[1615]hoc compendio.Pall.[1616]Orat50. I take the date given by Förster.[1617]For such properties see cod ThX3.[1618]φιλανθρωπότατε βασιλεῦ.[1619]§ 36 γράμμασι, which I take to be =indictiones.[1620]In cod Th the titleXI24 isde patrociniis vicorum, and the laws range from 360 to 415. Cod JustXI54 shews that the evil was still in existence in 468.[1621]Orat47 §§ 8-10. Zulueta (see below) points out that the protection given by the patrons was exerted quite as much by improper influence on judges as by use of force.[1622]§ 6 τοῦτο καὶ λῃστὰς γεωργοὺς ἑποίησε.[1623]§ 11 ἀλλὰ καὶ οἷς εἷς ὁ δεσπότης.[1624]§§ 19-21.[1625]§ 24 ὦν εἰσιν (οἱ γεωργοί).[1626]§§ 17, 18.[1627]§ 34.[1628]§§ 36-8 δὸς δὴ νεῦρα τῷ νόμῳ καὶ ποίησον αὐτὸν ὡς ἀληθῶς νόμον ἀντὶ ψιλῆς προσηγορίας ... etc.[1629]Cod ThXI24 § 2 (Valens).[1630]Note that the law Cod ThXII1 § 128, sternly forbiddingmilitares virito interfere withcurialesor to use any violence to leading men in the municipalities, is dated 392 July 31. Also that it is retained in Cod JustX32 § 42. Zuluetade patrociniis vicorumpp 38-40 concludes that it is uncertain to what emperor Libanius is appealing, and places the date in 386-9AD. He finds the reference in Cod ThV17 § 2 (Theodosius), not inXI24 § 2.[1631]The leading authority on Symmachus is O Seeck. In particular the dating of many of the letters in his great edition (MGH, Berlin 1883) is often helpful.[1632]SeeepistII6, 7, 52,IV5 (4), 18, 21,IX14, 114 (124),X2, 21,relat3 §§ 15-18, 9 § 7, 18, 35, 37.[1633]epistIII55, 82,IV54, 74,VII38, 68,relat18.[1634]epistII6,III55, 82,IX42,VII68,relat9, 18, 37.[1635]epistVII66,IX10,relat18.[1636]epistII55,IV68.[1637]epistVI15 (14).[1638]epistVI15 (14),VII18, 68. Seeck,V284, 555.[1639]epistI5ut rus quod solebat alere nunc alatur. Cf cod ThXI1 § 4.[1640]epistVI82 (81).[1641]nihilque iam colonis superest facultatum quod aut rationi opituletur aut cultui.[1642]epistVII56cum sit colonus agrorum meorum atque illi debita magis quam precaria cura praestetur.[1643]epistIX6. CfIX11.[1644]epistIX47 (50).[1645]epistIX140 (X18).[1646]epistVIII2. PlinepistI6,V6 § 46.[1647]Amm MarcXXVIII4 § 18alienis laboribus venaturi.[1648]epistII22.[1649]epistV18.[1650]epistII52. Cf the cases contemplated in DigXIX2 §§ 13⁷, 15².[1651]epistVII38.[1652]epistIX45 (48).[1653]epistVI11.[1654]epistIX27 (30).[1655]epistVII66,IX49 (52). In the law of 414 Cod ThXVI5 § 54 we have theseconductores privatorum opposed to conductores domus nostraein Africa. See above, chapter onthe African inscriptions.[1656]epistVI12.[1657]Inqualitythe Apulian wheat was thought excellent. VarroRRI2 § 6.[1658]epistIX29.[1659]epistVII126res ... non tam reditu ampla quam censu.[1660]epistIX11sed maior opitulatio ex tui arbitrii favore proveniet, cum causae eius etiam iustitia non desit.[1661]epistIX37 (40).[1662]ut perspiciatur in discretione iudicium.[1663]epistIX47 (50).[1664]epistIX10.[1665]epistVI59 (58), 65 (64).[1666]epistIV74.[1667]epistII7.[1668]quanto nobis odio provinciarum constat illa securitas.[1669]relatio40.[1670]quod nihil subsidii decreta dudum oppida conferebant.This seems to imply a previous grant to Tarracina, levied on other towns. Cfrelat37decretae provinciae, referring to supply of Rome.[1671]Capuana legatio.MeaningCampanian, I take it.[1672]Neratius Cerealis, praef annonae 328, praef urbi 352-3, consul 358. Godefroi’s Prosopographia, Wilmanns inscr 1085, and cod ThXIV24. The order is given thus,eum frumenti numerum, quem Cerealis ex multis urbibus Romano populo vindicarat, restitui omnibus.[1673]secretum.[1674]XVI5 §§ 14, 15.[1675]Seeck,Schatzungsordnungp 306, keeps the MS readingcapitulishere. See his remarks, and for the wordcapitulumcf cod ThXI16 § 15 (382)capituli atque temonis necessitas, ibid § 14capitulariae sive ... temonariae functionis.[1676]The title cod ThXI28 isde indulgentiis debitorum.[1677]norat enim hoc facto se aliquid locupletibus additurum, cum constet ubique pauperes inter ipsa indictorum exordia solvere universa sine laxamento conpelli.We shall return to this point in connexion with Salvian.[1678]XVII3.[1679]quicquid in capitatione deesset ex conquisitis se supplere.conquisitaare the sums produced by asuperindictioraising the amount to be levied. Cf cod ThXI1 § 36, and titleXI6de superindicto.[1680]CfXXX5 § 6provisorum, cod ThXII1 § 169tuae provisionis ... incrementis.[1681]indictionale augmentum.[1682]sollemnia ... nedum incrementa.[1683]XVIII1.[1684]quorum patrimonia publicae clades augebant.[1685]XVIII2 § 2 and references in Wagner’s edition. Schiller,KaiserzeitIIp 313.[1686]XXIX5 §§ 10-13.[1687]messes et condita hostium virtutis nostrorum horrea esse.[1688]As when in Pannonia (373) they crossed the Danube andoccupatam circa messem agrestem adortae sunt plebem,XXIX6 § 6.[1689]XXIX5 § 13in modum urbis exstruxit.[1690]XXIX5 § 25muro circumdatum valido. InXXX10 § 4 we findMurocinctaas the name of avillaandTriturritain Rutiliusde redituI527, 615. Cf cases in Caesar’s time,Bell Afr9, 40, 65.[1691]XXVIII6 § 8.[1692]XXX2 § 10negotiis se ruralibus dedit.[1693]There was much jealousy on this score, and a powerful reaction, as after the death of Valentinian in 375, but even then the foreign element prevailed. SchillerII389.[1694]XXXI4 §§ 4, 5.[1695]ex ultimis terris tot tirocinia.CfXIX11 § 7.[1696]et pro militari supplemento, quod provinciatim annuum pendebatur, thesauris accederet auri cumulus magnus.I hope I am right in referring this to thetemonaria functioor obligation of paying thetemo= the price of a recruit. Cod ThXI16 §§ 14, 15.[1697]XXXI6 § 5.[1698]dudum a mercatoribus venundati, adiectis plurimis quos primo transgressu necati inedia vino exili vel panis frustris mutavere vilissimis.[1699]XXXI10 § 17,inventute valida nostris tirociniis permiscenda.[1700]XXVIII5 § 15 of Theodosius defeating Alamanni,pluribus caesis, quoscumque cepit ad Italiam iussu principis misit, ubi fertilibus pagis acceptis iam tributarii circumcolunt Padum. 370AD. CfXXXI9 § 4, 377AD, andXX4 § 1, 360AD.[1701]For instance,in RufinumI200-5,de bello Gildon105-12,de IV cos Honor412-8.[1702]in RufinI380-2.[1703]in RufinI189-92.[1704]metuenda colonis fertilitas.[1705]in EutropI401-9.[1706]de bello Gildon49-74.[1707]See Bury,Later Roman empireI108-9, Seeck,UntergangV379-80, Dill,Roman Societyp 233, Wallon,EsclavageIII276-7. The affair is referred to in cod ThX10 § 25 (Dec 408).[1708]de cos StilichonisII204-7.[1709]in EutropII194-210.[1710]bene rura Gruthungus excolet et certo disponet sidere vites.[1711]quem detinet aequi gloria concessoque cupit vixisse colonus quam dominus rapto.[1712]in EutropI406Teutonicus vomer.[1713]de bell Goth450-68.[1714]non iam dilectus miseri nec falce per agros deposita iaculum vibrans ignobile messor ... sed vera inventus, verus ductor adest et vivida Martis imago.[1715]Cf Vegetiusrei militI7, of disasters in recent times,dum longa pax militem incuriosius legit.[1716]in EutropII370-5.[1717]de bell Goth366-72.[1718]epitoma rei militarisI3.[1719]rei militI5,senos pedes vel certe quinos et denas uncias[has notadfallen out beforesenos?]. In a law of 367, cod ThVII13 § 3in quinque pedibus et septem unciis.[1720]tunc.When? FromI28 it might be inferred that he looks back to the first Punic war. But I do not think so.[1721]necdum enim civilis pars florentiorem abduxerat iuventutem.SoI7civilia sectantur officia.[1722]The assertion thatMartius calorhas not subsided (I28), accepted by SeeckI413, seems to me rhetorical bravado. Much more likely is the view (ib414) that the improved standard of recruits in the fifth century was due to prevalence of barbarians.[1723]SeeckII88 foll. Hence army service was calledmilitia armata.[1724]mulomedI56 §§ 11-13.[1725]si saepius et cum moderatione animalia sedeantur.Forsedericf § 35sub honesto sessore, Spart Hadr 22 § 6, cod ThIX30 § 3.[1726]servorum impatientia.[1727]neque enim de damno domini cogitant, quod eidem contingere gratulantur.[1728]JulianoratVIIp 232 a-b.[1729]Above,p 393.[1730]de mortibus persecutorum22-3.[1731]For thecensusunder the new system, first in 297 and then every fifth year, see SeeckIIpp 263 foll. It was only concerned with the land and taxation units liable to the levy ofannona. De Coulanges pp 75-85 urges that the system already described by Ulpian in DigL15 §§ 3, 4, is much the same, and points out that monastic records shew it still surviving in the early Middle Age. But practice, rather than principle, is here in question.[1732]hominum capita.In most provinces the taxable unit was fixed by taking account of the number of able-bodied on each estate as well as of the acreage. SeeckII266 foll, alsoSchatzungpp 285-7.[1733]The urban taxation was conducted in each town by the localdecemprimi, aldermen, and was quite distinct.[1734]adscribebantur quae non habebanturmay mean ‘were put on the record as owning what they did not own.’[1735]pecuniae pro capitibus pendebantur.Thecapitahere seem to have a double sense.[1736]De Coulanges pp 75-6 treats it severely on the score of Christian prejudice.[1737]Sulp SevdialII3.[1738]For instance cod ThVII1 § 12,VIII5,XI10, 11.[1739]Cod ThVII20 § 7.[1740]Sulp Sevvita S Martini2 § 5, and cf cod ThVII22, also 1 § 8. See the note of SeeckII490.[1741]This view has been challenged by Dill, pp 118-9. But cf SidoniusepistV19,IX6.[1742]The earlier part of bookVof thede gubernatione Dei, especially §§ 34-50. The rising of the Bagaudae (286) in Gaul is dealt with §§ 24 foll. See SchillerIIpp 124-6.[1743]dediticios se divitum faciunt et quasi in ius eorum dicionemque trascendunt.[1744]addicunt, a technical law term.[1745]possesio ... capitatio.[1746]pervasio= attack, encroachment. Cf cod ThII4 §§ 5, 6.[1747]fundos maiorum expetunt et coloni divitum fiunt.[1748]iugo se inquilinae abiectionis addicunt.See cod ThV18 (10)de inquilinis et colonis, cod JustXI48 § 13.[1749]fiunt praeiudicio habitationis indigenae.That is, by prescription they acquire a neworigo. See cod ThV17 (9) §§ 1, 2, 18 (10), cod JustXI64 § 2, 48 § 16.
[1600]Cod ThVIII2 § 3. By long use the word had become quite official. Cfinopes ac vagiin TacannIV4, etc.
[1600]Cod ThVIII2 § 3. By long use the word had become quite official. Cfinopes ac vagiin TacannIV4, etc.
[1601]Cod JustXII33 § 6.
[1601]Cod JustXII33 § 6.
[1602]De Coulanges pp 168-9 points out that in the early Middle Age we findingenui=coloni.
[1602]De Coulanges pp 168-9 points out that in the early Middle Age we findingenui=coloni.
[1603]temonaria functio.See Dirksen undertemo. Cod ThXI16 §§ 14, 15, 18, cfVII13 § 7,VI26 § 14.
[1603]temonaria functio.See Dirksen undertemo. Cod ThXI16 §§ 14, 15, 18, cfVII13 § 7,VI26 § 14.
[1604]WallonIII149, 476.
[1604]WallonIII149, 476.
[1605]Cod ThVII13 § 7, where occur the wordscum corpora postulanturopposed toaurum. For the money-commutation (adaeratio) often accepted from the landlords see MommsenGes SchrVIp 254Das Röm Militärwesen seit Diocletian. Also Rostowzew in theJournal of Roman StudiesvolVIIIonSynteleia tironon, and Wagner on AmmianusXIX11 § 7.
[1605]Cod ThVII13 § 7, where occur the wordscum corpora postulanturopposed toaurum. For the money-commutation (adaeratio) often accepted from the landlords see MommsenGes SchrVIp 254Das Röm Militärwesen seit Diocletian. Also Rostowzew in theJournal of Roman StudiesvolVIIIonSynteleia tironon, and Wagner on AmmianusXIX11 § 7.
[1606]Cf Vegetiusrei militI7, of the disasters caused by slovenly recruiting,dum indicti possessoribus tirones per gratiam aut dissimulationem probantium tales sociantur armis quales domini habere fastidiunt.
[1606]Cf Vegetiusrei militI7, of the disasters caused by slovenly recruiting,dum indicti possessoribus tirones per gratiam aut dissimulationem probantium tales sociantur armis quales domini habere fastidiunt.
[1607]Cod ThIV13 §§ 2, 3, kept with variants in cod JustIV61 § 5.
[1607]Cod ThIV13 §§ 2, 3, kept with variants in cod JustIV61 § 5.
[1608]Cod ThXI8.
[1608]Cod ThXI8.
[1609]Cod ThXI16 § 10, 17 §§ 2-4.
[1609]Cod ThXI16 § 10, 17 §§ 2-4.
[1610]For the special position of imperial senators see Dill pp 126, 166, 196, 218 foll.
[1610]For the special position of imperial senators see Dill pp 126, 166, 196, 218 foll.
[1611]Cod ThXI11, kept with some omissions in cod JustXI55 § 2.
[1611]Cod ThXI11, kept with some omissions in cod JustXI55 § 2.
[1612]Cod ThXI16 § 4, cod JustXI48 § 1.
[1612]Cod ThXI16 § 4, cod JustXI48 § 1.
[1613]SeeckI, chapter ondie Ausrottung der Besten.
[1613]SeeckI, chapter ondie Ausrottung der Besten.
[1614]PlinyNHXVIII296. PalladiusVII2.
[1614]PlinyNHXVIII296. PalladiusVII2.
[1615]hoc compendio.Pall.
[1615]hoc compendio.Pall.
[1616]Orat50. I take the date given by Förster.
[1616]Orat50. I take the date given by Förster.
[1617]For such properties see cod ThX3.
[1617]For such properties see cod ThX3.
[1618]φιλανθρωπότατε βασιλεῦ.
[1618]φιλανθρωπότατε βασιλεῦ.
[1619]§ 36 γράμμασι, which I take to be =indictiones.
[1619]§ 36 γράμμασι, which I take to be =indictiones.
[1620]In cod Th the titleXI24 isde patrociniis vicorum, and the laws range from 360 to 415. Cod JustXI54 shews that the evil was still in existence in 468.
[1620]In cod Th the titleXI24 isde patrociniis vicorum, and the laws range from 360 to 415. Cod JustXI54 shews that the evil was still in existence in 468.
[1621]Orat47 §§ 8-10. Zulueta (see below) points out that the protection given by the patrons was exerted quite as much by improper influence on judges as by use of force.
[1621]Orat47 §§ 8-10. Zulueta (see below) points out that the protection given by the patrons was exerted quite as much by improper influence on judges as by use of force.
[1622]§ 6 τοῦτο καὶ λῃστὰς γεωργοὺς ἑποίησε.
[1622]§ 6 τοῦτο καὶ λῃστὰς γεωργοὺς ἑποίησε.
[1623]§ 11 ἀλλὰ καὶ οἷς εἷς ὁ δεσπότης.
[1623]§ 11 ἀλλὰ καὶ οἷς εἷς ὁ δεσπότης.
[1624]§§ 19-21.
[1624]§§ 19-21.
[1625]§ 24 ὦν εἰσιν (οἱ γεωργοί).
[1625]§ 24 ὦν εἰσιν (οἱ γεωργοί).
[1626]§§ 17, 18.
[1626]§§ 17, 18.
[1627]§ 34.
[1627]§ 34.
[1628]§§ 36-8 δὸς δὴ νεῦρα τῷ νόμῳ καὶ ποίησον αὐτὸν ὡς ἀληθῶς νόμον ἀντὶ ψιλῆς προσηγορίας ... etc.
[1628]§§ 36-8 δὸς δὴ νεῦρα τῷ νόμῳ καὶ ποίησον αὐτὸν ὡς ἀληθῶς νόμον ἀντὶ ψιλῆς προσηγορίας ... etc.
[1629]Cod ThXI24 § 2 (Valens).
[1629]Cod ThXI24 § 2 (Valens).
[1630]Note that the law Cod ThXII1 § 128, sternly forbiddingmilitares virito interfere withcurialesor to use any violence to leading men in the municipalities, is dated 392 July 31. Also that it is retained in Cod JustX32 § 42. Zuluetade patrociniis vicorumpp 38-40 concludes that it is uncertain to what emperor Libanius is appealing, and places the date in 386-9AD. He finds the reference in Cod ThV17 § 2 (Theodosius), not inXI24 § 2.
[1630]Note that the law Cod ThXII1 § 128, sternly forbiddingmilitares virito interfere withcurialesor to use any violence to leading men in the municipalities, is dated 392 July 31. Also that it is retained in Cod JustX32 § 42. Zuluetade patrociniis vicorumpp 38-40 concludes that it is uncertain to what emperor Libanius is appealing, and places the date in 386-9AD. He finds the reference in Cod ThV17 § 2 (Theodosius), not inXI24 § 2.
[1631]The leading authority on Symmachus is O Seeck. In particular the dating of many of the letters in his great edition (MGH, Berlin 1883) is often helpful.
[1631]The leading authority on Symmachus is O Seeck. In particular the dating of many of the letters in his great edition (MGH, Berlin 1883) is often helpful.
[1632]SeeepistII6, 7, 52,IV5 (4), 18, 21,IX14, 114 (124),X2, 21,relat3 §§ 15-18, 9 § 7, 18, 35, 37.
[1632]SeeepistII6, 7, 52,IV5 (4), 18, 21,IX14, 114 (124),X2, 21,relat3 §§ 15-18, 9 § 7, 18, 35, 37.
[1633]epistIII55, 82,IV54, 74,VII38, 68,relat18.
[1633]epistIII55, 82,IV54, 74,VII38, 68,relat18.
[1634]epistII6,III55, 82,IX42,VII68,relat9, 18, 37.
[1634]epistII6,III55, 82,IX42,VII68,relat9, 18, 37.
[1635]epistVII66,IX10,relat18.
[1635]epistVII66,IX10,relat18.
[1636]epistII55,IV68.
[1636]epistII55,IV68.
[1637]epistVI15 (14).
[1637]epistVI15 (14).
[1638]epistVI15 (14),VII18, 68. Seeck,V284, 555.
[1638]epistVI15 (14),VII18, 68. Seeck,V284, 555.
[1639]epistI5ut rus quod solebat alere nunc alatur. Cf cod ThXI1 § 4.
[1639]epistI5ut rus quod solebat alere nunc alatur. Cf cod ThXI1 § 4.
[1640]epistVI82 (81).
[1640]epistVI82 (81).
[1641]nihilque iam colonis superest facultatum quod aut rationi opituletur aut cultui.
[1641]nihilque iam colonis superest facultatum quod aut rationi opituletur aut cultui.
[1642]epistVII56cum sit colonus agrorum meorum atque illi debita magis quam precaria cura praestetur.
[1642]epistVII56cum sit colonus agrorum meorum atque illi debita magis quam precaria cura praestetur.
[1643]epistIX6. CfIX11.
[1643]epistIX6. CfIX11.
[1644]epistIX47 (50).
[1644]epistIX47 (50).
[1645]epistIX140 (X18).
[1645]epistIX140 (X18).
[1646]epistVIII2. PlinepistI6,V6 § 46.
[1646]epistVIII2. PlinepistI6,V6 § 46.
[1647]Amm MarcXXVIII4 § 18alienis laboribus venaturi.
[1647]Amm MarcXXVIII4 § 18alienis laboribus venaturi.
[1648]epistII22.
[1648]epistII22.
[1649]epistV18.
[1649]epistV18.
[1650]epistII52. Cf the cases contemplated in DigXIX2 §§ 13⁷, 15².
[1650]epistII52. Cf the cases contemplated in DigXIX2 §§ 13⁷, 15².
[1651]epistVII38.
[1651]epistVII38.
[1652]epistIX45 (48).
[1652]epistIX45 (48).
[1653]epistVI11.
[1653]epistVI11.
[1654]epistIX27 (30).
[1654]epistIX27 (30).
[1655]epistVII66,IX49 (52). In the law of 414 Cod ThXVI5 § 54 we have theseconductores privatorum opposed to conductores domus nostraein Africa. See above, chapter onthe African inscriptions.
[1655]epistVII66,IX49 (52). In the law of 414 Cod ThXVI5 § 54 we have theseconductores privatorum opposed to conductores domus nostraein Africa. See above, chapter onthe African inscriptions.
[1656]epistVI12.
[1656]epistVI12.
[1657]Inqualitythe Apulian wheat was thought excellent. VarroRRI2 § 6.
[1657]Inqualitythe Apulian wheat was thought excellent. VarroRRI2 § 6.
[1658]epistIX29.
[1658]epistIX29.
[1659]epistVII126res ... non tam reditu ampla quam censu.
[1659]epistVII126res ... non tam reditu ampla quam censu.
[1660]epistIX11sed maior opitulatio ex tui arbitrii favore proveniet, cum causae eius etiam iustitia non desit.
[1660]epistIX11sed maior opitulatio ex tui arbitrii favore proveniet, cum causae eius etiam iustitia non desit.
[1661]epistIX37 (40).
[1661]epistIX37 (40).
[1662]ut perspiciatur in discretione iudicium.
[1662]ut perspiciatur in discretione iudicium.
[1663]epistIX47 (50).
[1663]epistIX47 (50).
[1664]epistIX10.
[1664]epistIX10.
[1665]epistVI59 (58), 65 (64).
[1665]epistVI59 (58), 65 (64).
[1666]epistIV74.
[1666]epistIV74.
[1667]epistII7.
[1667]epistII7.
[1668]quanto nobis odio provinciarum constat illa securitas.
[1668]quanto nobis odio provinciarum constat illa securitas.
[1669]relatio40.
[1669]relatio40.
[1670]quod nihil subsidii decreta dudum oppida conferebant.This seems to imply a previous grant to Tarracina, levied on other towns. Cfrelat37decretae provinciae, referring to supply of Rome.
[1670]quod nihil subsidii decreta dudum oppida conferebant.This seems to imply a previous grant to Tarracina, levied on other towns. Cfrelat37decretae provinciae, referring to supply of Rome.
[1671]Capuana legatio.MeaningCampanian, I take it.
[1671]Capuana legatio.MeaningCampanian, I take it.
[1672]Neratius Cerealis, praef annonae 328, praef urbi 352-3, consul 358. Godefroi’s Prosopographia, Wilmanns inscr 1085, and cod ThXIV24. The order is given thus,eum frumenti numerum, quem Cerealis ex multis urbibus Romano populo vindicarat, restitui omnibus.
[1672]Neratius Cerealis, praef annonae 328, praef urbi 352-3, consul 358. Godefroi’s Prosopographia, Wilmanns inscr 1085, and cod ThXIV24. The order is given thus,eum frumenti numerum, quem Cerealis ex multis urbibus Romano populo vindicarat, restitui omnibus.
[1673]secretum.
[1673]secretum.
[1674]XVI5 §§ 14, 15.
[1674]XVI5 §§ 14, 15.
[1675]Seeck,Schatzungsordnungp 306, keeps the MS readingcapitulishere. See his remarks, and for the wordcapitulumcf cod ThXI16 § 15 (382)capituli atque temonis necessitas, ibid § 14capitulariae sive ... temonariae functionis.
[1675]Seeck,Schatzungsordnungp 306, keeps the MS readingcapitulishere. See his remarks, and for the wordcapitulumcf cod ThXI16 § 15 (382)capituli atque temonis necessitas, ibid § 14capitulariae sive ... temonariae functionis.
[1676]The title cod ThXI28 isde indulgentiis debitorum.
[1676]The title cod ThXI28 isde indulgentiis debitorum.
[1677]norat enim hoc facto se aliquid locupletibus additurum, cum constet ubique pauperes inter ipsa indictorum exordia solvere universa sine laxamento conpelli.We shall return to this point in connexion with Salvian.
[1677]norat enim hoc facto se aliquid locupletibus additurum, cum constet ubique pauperes inter ipsa indictorum exordia solvere universa sine laxamento conpelli.We shall return to this point in connexion with Salvian.
[1678]XVII3.
[1678]XVII3.
[1679]quicquid in capitatione deesset ex conquisitis se supplere.conquisitaare the sums produced by asuperindictioraising the amount to be levied. Cf cod ThXI1 § 36, and titleXI6de superindicto.
[1679]quicquid in capitatione deesset ex conquisitis se supplere.conquisitaare the sums produced by asuperindictioraising the amount to be levied. Cf cod ThXI1 § 36, and titleXI6de superindicto.
[1680]CfXXX5 § 6provisorum, cod ThXII1 § 169tuae provisionis ... incrementis.
[1680]CfXXX5 § 6provisorum, cod ThXII1 § 169tuae provisionis ... incrementis.
[1681]indictionale augmentum.
[1681]indictionale augmentum.
[1682]sollemnia ... nedum incrementa.
[1682]sollemnia ... nedum incrementa.
[1683]XVIII1.
[1683]XVIII1.
[1684]quorum patrimonia publicae clades augebant.
[1684]quorum patrimonia publicae clades augebant.
[1685]XVIII2 § 2 and references in Wagner’s edition. Schiller,KaiserzeitIIp 313.
[1685]XVIII2 § 2 and references in Wagner’s edition. Schiller,KaiserzeitIIp 313.
[1686]XXIX5 §§ 10-13.
[1686]XXIX5 §§ 10-13.
[1687]messes et condita hostium virtutis nostrorum horrea esse.
[1687]messes et condita hostium virtutis nostrorum horrea esse.
[1688]As when in Pannonia (373) they crossed the Danube andoccupatam circa messem agrestem adortae sunt plebem,XXIX6 § 6.
[1688]As when in Pannonia (373) they crossed the Danube andoccupatam circa messem agrestem adortae sunt plebem,XXIX6 § 6.
[1689]XXIX5 § 13in modum urbis exstruxit.
[1689]XXIX5 § 13in modum urbis exstruxit.
[1690]XXIX5 § 25muro circumdatum valido. InXXX10 § 4 we findMurocinctaas the name of avillaandTriturritain Rutiliusde redituI527, 615. Cf cases in Caesar’s time,Bell Afr9, 40, 65.
[1690]XXIX5 § 25muro circumdatum valido. InXXX10 § 4 we findMurocinctaas the name of avillaandTriturritain Rutiliusde redituI527, 615. Cf cases in Caesar’s time,Bell Afr9, 40, 65.
[1691]XXVIII6 § 8.
[1691]XXVIII6 § 8.
[1692]XXX2 § 10negotiis se ruralibus dedit.
[1692]XXX2 § 10negotiis se ruralibus dedit.
[1693]There was much jealousy on this score, and a powerful reaction, as after the death of Valentinian in 375, but even then the foreign element prevailed. SchillerII389.
[1693]There was much jealousy on this score, and a powerful reaction, as after the death of Valentinian in 375, but even then the foreign element prevailed. SchillerII389.
[1694]XXXI4 §§ 4, 5.
[1694]XXXI4 §§ 4, 5.
[1695]ex ultimis terris tot tirocinia.CfXIX11 § 7.
[1695]ex ultimis terris tot tirocinia.CfXIX11 § 7.
[1696]et pro militari supplemento, quod provinciatim annuum pendebatur, thesauris accederet auri cumulus magnus.I hope I am right in referring this to thetemonaria functioor obligation of paying thetemo= the price of a recruit. Cod ThXI16 §§ 14, 15.
[1696]et pro militari supplemento, quod provinciatim annuum pendebatur, thesauris accederet auri cumulus magnus.I hope I am right in referring this to thetemonaria functioor obligation of paying thetemo= the price of a recruit. Cod ThXI16 §§ 14, 15.
[1697]XXXI6 § 5.
[1697]XXXI6 § 5.
[1698]dudum a mercatoribus venundati, adiectis plurimis quos primo transgressu necati inedia vino exili vel panis frustris mutavere vilissimis.
[1698]dudum a mercatoribus venundati, adiectis plurimis quos primo transgressu necati inedia vino exili vel panis frustris mutavere vilissimis.
[1699]XXXI10 § 17,inventute valida nostris tirociniis permiscenda.
[1699]XXXI10 § 17,inventute valida nostris tirociniis permiscenda.
[1700]XXVIII5 § 15 of Theodosius defeating Alamanni,pluribus caesis, quoscumque cepit ad Italiam iussu principis misit, ubi fertilibus pagis acceptis iam tributarii circumcolunt Padum. 370AD. CfXXXI9 § 4, 377AD, andXX4 § 1, 360AD.
[1700]XXVIII5 § 15 of Theodosius defeating Alamanni,pluribus caesis, quoscumque cepit ad Italiam iussu principis misit, ubi fertilibus pagis acceptis iam tributarii circumcolunt Padum. 370AD. CfXXXI9 § 4, 377AD, andXX4 § 1, 360AD.
[1701]For instance,in RufinumI200-5,de bello Gildon105-12,de IV cos Honor412-8.
[1701]For instance,in RufinumI200-5,de bello Gildon105-12,de IV cos Honor412-8.
[1702]in RufinI380-2.
[1702]in RufinI380-2.
[1703]in RufinI189-92.
[1703]in RufinI189-92.
[1704]metuenda colonis fertilitas.
[1704]metuenda colonis fertilitas.
[1705]in EutropI401-9.
[1705]in EutropI401-9.
[1706]de bello Gildon49-74.
[1706]de bello Gildon49-74.
[1707]See Bury,Later Roman empireI108-9, Seeck,UntergangV379-80, Dill,Roman Societyp 233, Wallon,EsclavageIII276-7. The affair is referred to in cod ThX10 § 25 (Dec 408).
[1707]See Bury,Later Roman empireI108-9, Seeck,UntergangV379-80, Dill,Roman Societyp 233, Wallon,EsclavageIII276-7. The affair is referred to in cod ThX10 § 25 (Dec 408).
[1708]de cos StilichonisII204-7.
[1708]de cos StilichonisII204-7.
[1709]in EutropII194-210.
[1709]in EutropII194-210.
[1710]bene rura Gruthungus excolet et certo disponet sidere vites.
[1710]bene rura Gruthungus excolet et certo disponet sidere vites.
[1711]quem detinet aequi gloria concessoque cupit vixisse colonus quam dominus rapto.
[1711]quem detinet aequi gloria concessoque cupit vixisse colonus quam dominus rapto.
[1712]in EutropI406Teutonicus vomer.
[1712]in EutropI406Teutonicus vomer.
[1713]de bell Goth450-68.
[1713]de bell Goth450-68.
[1714]non iam dilectus miseri nec falce per agros deposita iaculum vibrans ignobile messor ... sed vera inventus, verus ductor adest et vivida Martis imago.
[1714]non iam dilectus miseri nec falce per agros deposita iaculum vibrans ignobile messor ... sed vera inventus, verus ductor adest et vivida Martis imago.
[1715]Cf Vegetiusrei militI7, of disasters in recent times,dum longa pax militem incuriosius legit.
[1715]Cf Vegetiusrei militI7, of disasters in recent times,dum longa pax militem incuriosius legit.
[1716]in EutropII370-5.
[1716]in EutropII370-5.
[1717]de bell Goth366-72.
[1717]de bell Goth366-72.
[1718]epitoma rei militarisI3.
[1718]epitoma rei militarisI3.
[1719]rei militI5,senos pedes vel certe quinos et denas uncias[has notadfallen out beforesenos?]. In a law of 367, cod ThVII13 § 3in quinque pedibus et septem unciis.
[1719]rei militI5,senos pedes vel certe quinos et denas uncias[has notadfallen out beforesenos?]. In a law of 367, cod ThVII13 § 3in quinque pedibus et septem unciis.
[1720]tunc.When? FromI28 it might be inferred that he looks back to the first Punic war. But I do not think so.
[1720]tunc.When? FromI28 it might be inferred that he looks back to the first Punic war. But I do not think so.
[1721]necdum enim civilis pars florentiorem abduxerat iuventutem.SoI7civilia sectantur officia.
[1721]necdum enim civilis pars florentiorem abduxerat iuventutem.SoI7civilia sectantur officia.
[1722]The assertion thatMartius calorhas not subsided (I28), accepted by SeeckI413, seems to me rhetorical bravado. Much more likely is the view (ib414) that the improved standard of recruits in the fifth century was due to prevalence of barbarians.
[1722]The assertion thatMartius calorhas not subsided (I28), accepted by SeeckI413, seems to me rhetorical bravado. Much more likely is the view (ib414) that the improved standard of recruits in the fifth century was due to prevalence of barbarians.
[1723]SeeckII88 foll. Hence army service was calledmilitia armata.
[1723]SeeckII88 foll. Hence army service was calledmilitia armata.
[1724]mulomedI56 §§ 11-13.
[1724]mulomedI56 §§ 11-13.
[1725]si saepius et cum moderatione animalia sedeantur.Forsedericf § 35sub honesto sessore, Spart Hadr 22 § 6, cod ThIX30 § 3.
[1725]si saepius et cum moderatione animalia sedeantur.Forsedericf § 35sub honesto sessore, Spart Hadr 22 § 6, cod ThIX30 § 3.
[1726]servorum impatientia.
[1726]servorum impatientia.
[1727]neque enim de damno domini cogitant, quod eidem contingere gratulantur.
[1727]neque enim de damno domini cogitant, quod eidem contingere gratulantur.
[1728]JulianoratVIIp 232 a-b.
[1728]JulianoratVIIp 232 a-b.
[1729]Above,p 393.
[1729]Above,p 393.
[1730]de mortibus persecutorum22-3.
[1730]de mortibus persecutorum22-3.
[1731]For thecensusunder the new system, first in 297 and then every fifth year, see SeeckIIpp 263 foll. It was only concerned with the land and taxation units liable to the levy ofannona. De Coulanges pp 75-85 urges that the system already described by Ulpian in DigL15 §§ 3, 4, is much the same, and points out that monastic records shew it still surviving in the early Middle Age. But practice, rather than principle, is here in question.
[1731]For thecensusunder the new system, first in 297 and then every fifth year, see SeeckIIpp 263 foll. It was only concerned with the land and taxation units liable to the levy ofannona. De Coulanges pp 75-85 urges that the system already described by Ulpian in DigL15 §§ 3, 4, is much the same, and points out that monastic records shew it still surviving in the early Middle Age. But practice, rather than principle, is here in question.
[1732]hominum capita.In most provinces the taxable unit was fixed by taking account of the number of able-bodied on each estate as well as of the acreage. SeeckII266 foll, alsoSchatzungpp 285-7.
[1732]hominum capita.In most provinces the taxable unit was fixed by taking account of the number of able-bodied on each estate as well as of the acreage. SeeckII266 foll, alsoSchatzungpp 285-7.
[1733]The urban taxation was conducted in each town by the localdecemprimi, aldermen, and was quite distinct.
[1733]The urban taxation was conducted in each town by the localdecemprimi, aldermen, and was quite distinct.
[1734]adscribebantur quae non habebanturmay mean ‘were put on the record as owning what they did not own.’
[1734]adscribebantur quae non habebanturmay mean ‘were put on the record as owning what they did not own.’
[1735]pecuniae pro capitibus pendebantur.Thecapitahere seem to have a double sense.
[1735]pecuniae pro capitibus pendebantur.Thecapitahere seem to have a double sense.
[1736]De Coulanges pp 75-6 treats it severely on the score of Christian prejudice.
[1736]De Coulanges pp 75-6 treats it severely on the score of Christian prejudice.
[1737]Sulp SevdialII3.
[1737]Sulp SevdialII3.
[1738]For instance cod ThVII1 § 12,VIII5,XI10, 11.
[1738]For instance cod ThVII1 § 12,VIII5,XI10, 11.
[1739]Cod ThVII20 § 7.
[1739]Cod ThVII20 § 7.
[1740]Sulp Sevvita S Martini2 § 5, and cf cod ThVII22, also 1 § 8. See the note of SeeckII490.
[1740]Sulp Sevvita S Martini2 § 5, and cf cod ThVII22, also 1 § 8. See the note of SeeckII490.
[1741]This view has been challenged by Dill, pp 118-9. But cf SidoniusepistV19,IX6.
[1741]This view has been challenged by Dill, pp 118-9. But cf SidoniusepistV19,IX6.
[1742]The earlier part of bookVof thede gubernatione Dei, especially §§ 34-50. The rising of the Bagaudae (286) in Gaul is dealt with §§ 24 foll. See SchillerIIpp 124-6.
[1742]The earlier part of bookVof thede gubernatione Dei, especially §§ 34-50. The rising of the Bagaudae (286) in Gaul is dealt with §§ 24 foll. See SchillerIIpp 124-6.
[1743]dediticios se divitum faciunt et quasi in ius eorum dicionemque trascendunt.
[1743]dediticios se divitum faciunt et quasi in ius eorum dicionemque trascendunt.
[1744]addicunt, a technical law term.
[1744]addicunt, a technical law term.
[1745]possesio ... capitatio.
[1745]possesio ... capitatio.
[1746]pervasio= attack, encroachment. Cf cod ThII4 §§ 5, 6.
[1746]pervasio= attack, encroachment. Cf cod ThII4 §§ 5, 6.
[1747]fundos maiorum expetunt et coloni divitum fiunt.
[1747]fundos maiorum expetunt et coloni divitum fiunt.
[1748]iugo se inquilinae abiectionis addicunt.See cod ThV18 (10)de inquilinis et colonis, cod JustXI48 § 13.
[1748]iugo se inquilinae abiectionis addicunt.See cod ThV18 (10)de inquilinis et colonis, cod JustXI48 § 13.
[1749]fiunt praeiudicio habitationis indigenae.That is, by prescription they acquire a neworigo. See cod ThV17 (9) §§ 1, 2, 18 (10), cod JustXI64 § 2, 48 § 16.
[1749]fiunt praeiudicio habitationis indigenae.That is, by prescription they acquire a neworigo. See cod ThV17 (9) §§ 1, 2, 18 (10), cod JustXI64 § 2, 48 § 16.