CHAPTER XXV.

Chapters XXIV-XXVII are taken fromTravels in North America(seeSourcessection).Ellipses (....) represent longer omissions, generally two or more full sentences; shorter omissions are retained. In particular,Alidaomits all passages having to do with either American Indians or religious communities. Aside from omitted material, most quotations are verbatim except for changes of person (from “I” or “we” to “Alida” or “the group”).The dramatic date of these chapters is summer 1815, or ten years before Karl Bernhard’s visit. Note in particular the references to the Erie Canal and to the Superintendent of West Point.NY Weekly:The School of Nature (introductory poem: Theodosia)There she mightreadinnature’spage the wonders ofCreation,almighty power, infinite wisdom and unboundedmight. Theretruths that entertain,reward the searching mind, and onward lead inquiring thought.The curiouswondersstill unfold, and rise upon the view. The mind rejoicing, comments as she reads, and raises still to the Almighty Power increasing homage.“——————NaturespreadsAn open volume; where, in ev’rypage,Wereadthe wonders of Almighty Pow’r,Infinite Wisdom, and unboundedLove.Here sweet instruction,entertaining truths,Reward the searching mind, and onward leadEnquiring Thought:new beautiesstill unfold,Andop’ningwondersrise upon the view.The Mind, rejoicing, comments as she reads;While through th’ inspiring page Conviction glows,And warms to praise her animated pow’rs.”The summer was past its meridian, and had shed abroad its warmest influences, and enriched the various scenes of nature with the luxuriance and beauty of its foliage. In the meantime, Alida departed again from her father’s house for the city, to join a party composed of gentlemen and matrons, Albert her brother, with several young ladies, who all left the port of New-York for the Falls of Niagara. Her pensive mind became cheered and animated as the gallant steamer left the shores of the city and moved majestically over the smooth face of the Hudson. The morning was extremely beautiful, and she surveyed with a new and alleviating pleasure, the various and extensive prospect of the surrounding country. The scenery on the river at this season surpassed all description, and exhibited a landscape worthy to relate in history. The borders of the river beautifully interspersed with cottages, villages, and large flourishing towns, elegant country-seats,with grounds tastefully laid out, which afforded to the eye of the traveller a novel and enchanting appearance.Travels(chapter V)They arrivedabout sunsetatthe cityof Albany, andtook lodgings at Cruttenden’s boarding-house, on an eminence near the Capitol or State-house..... At the village of Greenbush, near Albany, we crossed the Hudson or North river in a horse-boat, andupon our arrival inthe city took lodgings at Cruttenden’s boarding-house, on an eminence near the capitol or state-house.This city, whichis situatedonthe right bank of the Hudson, andstandswestward upona rising ground, received its name,when inpossession of the English, in honour of James II., who was the duke of York and Albany.On the following morning they took a walk through the city.In consequence of its vicinity to the Ballston, Saratoga, and New Lebanon Springs,inthe fashionable season the hotel was so full of strangers thatno more could be accommodated.Albany contains about fifteen thousand inhabitants.Itis situateduponthe right bank of the Hudson, andextendswestward uponan eminence.It was built by the Dutch in 1614, under the name of Fort Orange, andreceived itspresentnameafter it came into thepossession of the English, in honour ofthe afterwards unfortunate KingJames II. who was then duke of York and Albany. Some of the Dutch houses are still standing, and several of the streets retain their original names.At the tavern we met with a Mr. Jackson, from New York, who had arrived at the same time, and who was accompanied by his sister and his son, Columbus, a sensible lad about ten years of age. Mr. J. is a teacher.In consequence of the vicinity to the Ballston, Saratoga, and New Lebanon springs,andthe fashionable season, the hotel was so full of strangers, thatI was obliged to sleep with Mr. Tromp, in a small chamber....Albany has received a new impulse, an increase of commerce, and expects to reap the most happy results from the Erie canal, which commences here, and runs a distance of three hundred and sixty-two miles to Lake Erie.The companytook a walk to the new basin, into which the canal empties. It is separated from the Hudson by a dam which runs parallel with the river.Albany has received a new impulse, an increase of commerce, and expects to reap the most happy results from the Erie Canal, whichhas been lately established, and whichcommences here, and runs a distance of three hundred and sixty-two miles to Lake Erie....We... took a walk to the new basin, into which the canal empties. It is separated from the Hudson by a dam which runs parallel with the river.......The Erie Canal was begun in 1817 and completed in 1825.Travels(chapter VI begins)On the morning of the 14th of Augusttheytook passage on boardofthe Albany, one of the canal packet-boats, for Lake Erie. This canal,whichis three hundred and sixty-two miles in length, witheighty-three locks between the Hudsonriverand Lake Erie, which lies six hundred and eighty-eight feet above the level of the former river.On the morning of the 14th of August,wetook passage on board the Albany, one of the canal packet-boats, for Lake Erie. This canal.... is three hundred and sixty-two miles in length, with eighty-three locks, between the Hudson and Lake Erie, which lies six hundred and eighty-eight feet above the level of the former river....The packet-boat took them from thence to Schenectady. It was covered, and contained a spacious cabin. On account of the great number of the locks, the progress of their journey was but slow. The boat was drawn by three horses, that walked upon a narrow path leading along the canal, and beneath the numerous bridges which are thrown over it.The packet-boat which took us to Schenectady, was seventy feet long, fourteen feet wide, and drew two feet water. It was covered, and contained a spacious cabin, with a kitchen, and was very neatly arranged. On account of the great number of locks, the progress of our journey was but slow:our packet-boat went only at the rate of three miles an hour, being detained at each lock, on an average, four minutes. The locks are fourteen feet wide above the surface, and have a fall from seven to twelve feet.The packet-boat was drawn by three horses, which walked upon a narrow tow-path leading along the canal, and beneath the numerous bridges which are thrown over it....The distance from Albany to Schenectady by land is only fifteen miles, and persons are enabled to travel it in a very short time inastage coach, but astheywere anxious to see the canal, they preferred going by water twenty-eight miles.The distance from Albany to Schenectady, by land, is only fifteen miles, and persons are enabled to travel it in a very short time inthestagecoach; but aswewere anxious to see the canal,and get leisure to complete our journals,wepreferred going by water, twenty-eight miles.The city ofTroy, five miles and a halfaboveAlbany, is pleasantly situated on the left bank of the river, at the foot of several tolerably high mountains, one of which is called Mount Ida.Thereis a branch canal, which has two locks, and establishes a communication with Troy.They soonarrived at a place where therewereno less than nine locks, with an ascent of seventy-eight feet. In front, and to the right of this, is another canal, which unites with the Hudson and the canal from Lake Champlain.AtTroy, five miles and a halffromAlbany,is the government arsenal, which appears to be a large establishment. As far as this place, the canal runs nearly parallel with the Hudson. Troy, whichis very pleasantly situated on the left bank of the river, at the foot of several tolerably high mountains, one of which is called Mount Ida,appears, if we may be permitted to judge from the large store-houses and the good appearance of the dwellings, to be a wealthy place.Hereis a branch canal which has two locks, and establishes a communication with Troy.Shortly after, wearrived at a place where thereareno less than nine locks, with an ascent of seventy-eight feet. In front, and to the right of this, is another canal, which unites with the Hudson and the canal from Lake Champlain.At this placetheyleft the Hudson, and directedtheircourse along theMohawk river. Duringtheirride,theyobserved a covered wooden bridge, which extends over the latter river, a short distance from its mouth, and is about six hundred feet in length, supported by fifteen wooden piers.There was a fine view ofthe famous Cohoes Falls of the Mohawk river, seventy-eight feet in height, and about four hundred feet wide. In the spring, when these falls extend over the entire bed of the Mohawk, they are said to be extremely magnificent. Duringthis season ofdry weather, they presented a handsome appearance, though they were very small, the riverbeingalmost completely dried up.At this placeweleft the Hudson and directedourcourse along the Mohawk river. Duringourrideweobserved a covered wooden bridge, which extends over the latter river, a short distance from its mouth, and is about six hundred feet in length, supported by fifteen wooden piers.Here we sawthe famous Cohoes Falls of the Mohawk river, seventy-eight feet in height and about four hundred feet wide. In the spring, when these falls extend over the entire bed of the Mohawk, they are said to be extremely magnificent; duringthe presentdry weather, they presented averyhandsome appearance, though they were very small. The riverwasalmost completely dried up....Finding great difficulty in continuing the canal on the right bank of the Mohawk, they were obliged here to carry it to the opposite sideof the riverby means of an aqueduct bridge one thousand one hundred and eighty-eight feet in length. This bridge is supported by twenty-six stone columns, onwhich accountthey have placed a chevaux-de-frieze to keep off the ice in the river. The canal is cut through the rocks almost the whole distance, where it runs along the left bank of the Mohawk, and presents a very handsome appearance.Finding great difficulty in continuing the canal on the right bank of the Mohawk, they were obliged here to carry it to the opposite side by means of an aqueduct-bridge, one thousand one hundred and eighty-eight feet in length. This bridgeis of wood, andis supported by twenty-six stone columns, onaccount of which, they have placed achevaux-de-frise, to keep off the ice in the riverabout one hundred yards off.... The canal is cut through the rocks, almost the whole distance, where it runs along the left bank of the Mohawk, and presents a very handsome appearance.Twelve miles further on, it returns again to the right bank of theriver, by a similar aqueduct, supported by sixteen piers. Four miles farther on is Schenectady, wheretheyarrivedafter sunset. Between this town and Albanytheypassed no less than twenty-seven locks.Twelve miles farther on, it returns again to the right bank of theMohawkby a similar aqueduct,seven hundred and forty-eight feet in length andsupported by sixteen piers.Above this aqueduct, which is also protected by achevaux-de-frise, there is a common wooden bridge thrown over the river, for wagons.Four miles farther on is Schenectady, wherewearrived after sunset. Between this town and Albany,wepassed no less than twenty-seven locks....At this placetheyleft the packet-boat, and found excellent lodgings at Given’s hotel, which, after the great heattheyhad endured during the day, was exceedingly agreeable. Early on the next morningtheywalked through the town, and visited Union College, which consists of two large buildings situatedata short distance from the town, upon a little eminence. From this buildingthere isa beautiful view of the town and of the Mohawk valley.At this placeweleft the packet-boat,in order to proceed to Utica next morning in another boat,and found excellent lodgings at Given’s hotel, which, after the great heatwehad endured during the day, was exceedingly agreeable.Its inhabitants are, in part, descendants of the Lower Saxons, and some of them whom I saw at the tavern conversed with me in bad Dutch.Early on the next morningwewalked through the town, and visited Union College, which consists of two large buildings situated a short distance from the town upon a little eminence.It was the time of vacation, and consequently it was perfectly silent. From its decaying appearance, I should judge the college was not in a very prosperous condition.From this buildingyou havea beautiful view of the town, and of the Mohawk valley,which appears here to be well settled. In the town we observed a peculiar windmill, with a horizontal wheel, whose sails, about twenty in number, stand perpendicularly.Theyleft Schenectady early in the morning on board the packet-boat, which had engaged to takethemto Utica, eighty miles distant, by an early hour the next day. The canal again ran along the well cultivated valley of the Mohawk, and theprospect ofthe country, on account of the foliage of the trees upon the heights, was beautiful.Weleft Schenectady early in the morning on board the packet-boatSamuel Young, which had engaged to takeusto Utica, eighty miles distant, by an early hour the next day.It was a large boat, and, as the passengers are obliged to spend the night on board, is provided with separate apartments for the ladies.The canal again ran along the well-cultivated valley of the Mohawk, and the country, on account of the foliage of the trees upon the heights was beautiful.The village of Amsterdam consists of a few neat houses. The canal is carried over two rivers, called Schoharie, Canajoharie, from which it receives the most of its water. At this place the horses were conveyed to the opposite side of the two rivers by means of a ferry-boat. At the first ferry is a small village, called Fort Hunter, whereat the time ofthe revolution there had been a fort, or rather a redoubt of the same name. Towardseveningtheypassed through a valley, which is formed by two rocky mountains.The village of Amsterdam consists of a few neat houses; and opposite, on the right bank of the Mohawk, is Rotterdam. On our way we passed several small aqueducts, the longest of which rest only upon three piers, and extend over small brooks, which, as well as the small rivulets, are distinguished by the Indian appellation of “creek.”The canal is carried over two rivers, called SchoharieandCanajohariecreeks, from which it receives the most of its water. At this place the horses are conveyed to the opposite side of the two rivers by means of ferryboats. At the first ferry is a small village, called Fort Hunter, where,beforethe revolution, there had been a fort, or rather a redoubt of the same name. Towards eveningwepassed through a valley, which is formed by two rocky mountains,one of which is called Anthony’s Nose. The houses we saw on our route, had generally a handsome appearance; to-day and yesterday I observed also some saw-mills.There aretwentylocks between Schenectady and Utica. The day was intolerably warm, andthecompany verymuch oppressed by the heat,but in the evening fortunatelythere wasa thunder-shower, which cooled the air.Theypassedoveran aqueduct bridgeduring the night, which stands over a solace called Little Falls.There aretwenty-sixlocks between Schenectady and Utica. The day was intolerably warm, andourcompanywasverynumerous. I confined myself to writing, the whole day, as much as possible;but,in consequence of the heat, I could not avoid sleeping.In the eveningwefortunatelyhada thunder-storm, which cooled the air....During the nightwepassed an aqueduct bridge, which stands over a solace, called Little Falls.Towards morningtheypassed through a well-cultivated region called German Flats, which was settled by some Germans during the time of Queen Anne. At aboutten o’clock theyarrived at Utica, which is intersected by the canal,andis alarge, flourishing town.Towards morningwepassed through a well-cultivated region,with some neat houses,called German flats,andwhich was settled by some Germans during the time of Queen Anne. At abouttwelve o’clock at noon wearrived at Utica,nine miles from the place where we passed a lock, which is the last that occurs in the next seventy miles. The land appeared to be marshy, and consisted of sand and pebbles.Utica, which is intersected by the canal, is a flourishing town,of about four thousand inhabitants....In fact it is only here that a person begins to admire the great improvements in cultivation, and gets perfectly new ideas of the works of man and of his enterprising genius. Utica, on the right bank of the Mohawk, has two banksandfour churches. It has also several taverns, the largest of which called Shepherd’s hotel, they found excellent accommo­dations.There were besides manylarge and convenient stores, a bookstore, and printing office. The number of travellers this summerwereunusually great, especially from the southern states.In fact, it is only here that a person begins to admire the great improvements in cultivation, and gets perfectly new ideas of the works of man, and of his enterprising genius! Utica, on the right bank of the Mohawk, has two banks, four churches,an academy, andlarge and convenient stores, a bookstore, and printing-office. It has also severalale-houses, and three finetaverns,atthe largest of which, called Shepherd’s hotel, we found excellent accommo­dations.In this house there are always more than seventy beds for the accommodation of strangers; and these, on some occasions, are barely sufficient.The number of travellers this summer,is said to have beenunusually great, especially from the southern states....CHAPTER XXV.When first beside the lake thy turrets rose,Extending far around in simple pride,A novel beauty o’er the landscape throws,Where gentle waters softly murmuring glide.Travels(chapter VI continues)At Uticathe gentlemenhired a stage to visit the Falls of Trenton, distant fourteen miles.They were accom­panied in this route by a number ofpassengers from New-York and North Carolina.Theycrossed the Mohawk upon a covered wooden bridge. After thistheroad gradually ascended to a forest, which was in part cleared for new fields. At alittledistance from the falls is a tavern,where theyleft the carriage, and went on foot through thick woods, from which a pair of stairsconductedto the falls.At Utica,seven of usfor nine dollarshired a stage to visit the Falls of Trenton, distant fourteen miles.Ourpassengerswere partlyfrom New York, andpartly from the state ofNorth Carolina.Wecrossed the Mohawk upon a covered wooden bridge,built in a bad and awkward manner, on which I observed an advertisement, “that all persons who pass this bridge on horseback or wagon faster than a walk, shall be fined one dollar.”After this,ourroad gradually ascended to a forest, which was,however,in part cleared for new fields.The timber is so much neglected here, that they will very probably feel the want of it in less than fifty years.At ashortdistance from the falls of West Canada Creek is anewtavern,which is situated in a lately cleared forest, and is built entirely of wood.At this tavern weleft the carriage, and went on foot through thick woods, from which a pair of stairsconductto the falls....Thebeautiful mass of greenaround, the azure sky, the large and variegated rocks, and the three falls, produce a most happy effect. The rocksofthese falls are so excavated by the water, that they have the form of a common kettle. The upper falls, which are about ninety feet high, are the grandest.They dinedat the tavern, and towards evening returned to Utica.Thisbeautiful mass of green, the azure sky, the large and variegated rocks, and the three falls, produce a most happy effect. The rocksatthese falls,which, on account of the great heat, scarcely extended over half the river,are so excavated by the water, that they have the form of a common kettle. The upper falls, which are about ninety feet high, are the grandest....At the tavern where we had put up,we found a tolerably good dinner, and towards evening returned to Utica.The day was fine and pleasant.Theyregretted that it was too late, upontheirreturnthither, to visita hydrostatic lock designed to weigh the boats which pass on the canal.The day was fine and pleasant.The thunder-storm of yesterday, had done some good.Iregretted that it was too late uponourreturnto Utica, to visit a hydrostatic lock, designed to weigh the boats which pass on the canal.Having seen enough of the canal, and being anxious to see the newly-settled country between this place and Niagara,they continued theirjourney the next day in the stage coach. With this intentiontheyleft Utica at four o’clock in the morning, and the same day arrived at Auburn, distant seventy-three miles.They passed through twelvevillageson their route fromUticatoAuburn.Having seen enough of the canal, and being anxious to see the newly-settled country between this place and Niagara,we determined to continue ourjourneyonthe next day in the stage-coach. With this intentionweleft Utica at 4 o’clock in the morningof the 17th of August, and the same day arrived at Auburn, distant seventy-three miles....ThevillagesbetweenUticaandAuburnwere New Hartford, four miles, Manchester, five miles, Vernon, eight miles, Oneida, five miles, Lenox, four miles, Sullivan, eight miles, Manlius, six miles, Jamesville, five miles, Onandago Hollow, five miles, Onandago Hill, two miles, Marcellus, eight miles, and Skeneatelass, six miles.Between Manchester and Vernon day dawned, andtheyfoundthemselvesin a rather wild country, in the midst of a wilderness.Between Manchester and Vernon day dawned, andwefoundourselvesin a rather wild country, in the midst of a wilderness.BehindthevillageofOneida, the road led along a considerable hill, from whichtheyhad a beautiful view of Oneida lake, which presented the appearance of a large stream. Herethere werea number of extensive prospects, which, however, asthere wasbut little cultivated land and few houses,wererather uniform.Oneidais an Indian settlement, and....Behindthisvillage the road led along a considerable hill, from whichwehad a beautiful view of Oneida Lake, which presented the appearance of a large stream. Hereyou havea number of extensive prospects, which, however, asyou seebut little cultivated land and few houses,israther uniform.Somethingfurther on,after they had left Oneida,they came toa small lake, called Salt Lake, which is in the midst of a forest, and has on its banks three picturesquely situated towns, Liverpool, Salina, and Syracuse. At Salina are rich salt springs, the water of which is collected in reservoirs, and it is evaporated by the heat of the sun to procure the salt. Beyond Sullivantheypassed through the village of Chitteningo. A branch of the Erie canalforms a kind of harbour at this place.Farther onwe sawa small lake called Salt Lake, which is in the midst of a forest, and has on its banks three picturesquely situated towns, Liverpool, Salina, and Syracuse. At Salina are rich salt springs, the water of which is collected in reservoirs, and it is evaporated by the heat of the sun to procure the salt. Beyond Sullivanwepassed through the village of Chitteningo.It contains several mills, a cotton factory, anda branch of the Erie Canal,whichforms a kind of harbour,and serves as a landing place for articles manufactured here, and for the plaster and lime which are procured in the neighbourhood. This lime becomes hard under water, so that it is excellently adapted to waterworks.Theydined at Manlius, a new village. From the canal, which forms an angle here,theydrove in a southerly direction in order to keep on the plains. The two Onondago villages are pleasant places.Wedined at Manlius, a new village.... From the canal which forms an angle here,wedrove in a southerly direction, in order to keep on the plains,as the main road, which is nearer, leads over a hill.The two Onondago villagesappear to be flourishing manufacturing places, andare pleasantly situated.Beyond Marcellus the night unfortunately closed in, which preventedtheirseeing Skaneateles Lake, as well as the town of the same name. About nine o’clock in the eveningtheyarrived at Auburn, and found good accommodations at one of the public houses.Beyond Marcellus the night unfortunately closed in, which preventedme fromseeing Skeneatelass Lake, as well as the town of the same name,which is said to be extremely pleasantly situated on one of its banks.About nine o’clock in the eveningwearrived at Auburn, and found good accommodations at one of the public houses.At four o’clock next morningtheyagainset out in the stage coach for Rochester, distant sixty-nine miles.This town contains upwards of one hundred and fifty houses, a court-house and penitentiary, which is said to be managed in a very excellent manner. To my regret I saw none of them; forat four o’clockthenext morning,18th of August,weset out in the stage-coach for Rochester, distant sixty-nine miles....It was just day-light whentheyarrived in the vicinity of Cayuga, on the lake of the same name. This lake empties into the Seneca river, which afterwards unites with the Mohawk.Theycrossed the lake, not far from its mouth, on a wooden bridge one mile in length.It was just daylight aswearrived in the vicinity of Cayuga, on the lake of the same name,which is about twenty miles long, and from one to three wide.This lake empties into the Seneca river, which afterwards unites with the Mohawk.Wecrossed the lake not far from its mouth, on a wooden bridge, one mile in length,eighteen yards wide, and built in a very rough and careless manner: the planks are loose and thechevaux-de-friseis in a bad condition.On the opposite side of the lake is a large toll-house. At a short distance from thistheyarrived at Seneca Falls, so called in consequence of the little falls of the Seneca river, which are close by, and are chiefly formed by a mill-dam.On the opposite side of the lake is a large toll-house. At a short distance from thiswearrived at Seneca Falls, so called in consequence of the little falls of the Seneca river, which are close by, and are chiefly formed by a mill-dam.At the tavern we met an Indian and his wife....Beyond Waterloo the road in some placeswasmade of logs, so thatthe passengerswere very disagreeably jolted. Geneva is situated at the north point of Seneca Lake. The townderives its name from its similarity of situation to Geneva in Switzerland. The Franklin hotel, situated on the bank of the lake, is both spacious and beautiful.....The countrybeyond Waterloowasboggy, andthe road in some places made oflargelogs, so thatwewere very disagreeably jolted. Geneva is situated at the north point of Seneca Lake,which is between fifty and sixty miles long and about five wide.The town derives its name from its similarity of situation to Geneva in Switzerland.It is also quite new, and contains about four thousand inhabitants. It has two churches and several large stone and brick houses, of whichthe Franklin Hotel, situated on the bank of the lake, isthemost spacious and beautiful....Canandaigua, which lies on the north point of the lake of the same name, is an extremely pleasant town. The court was sitting here, and there was a large collection of people, so that the town exhibited a very lively appearance.Canandaigua, which lies on the north point of the lake of the same name,which is about twenty miles long,is an extremelybeautiful andpleasant town,that has been but lately settled....The court was sitting, and there was a large collection of people, so that the town exhibited a very lively appearance.At this place the road separates, the left goes through Batavia and several small villages to Buffalo on Lake Erie; the right to Rochester, and thence to Lake Ontario and the Falls of Niagara. And as this road again approaches the Erie canal, itwassaid to be the most interesting; on this accountit was giventhe preference, though the longest route.At this place the road separates, the left goes through Batavia and several small villages to Buffalo on Lake Erie; the right, to Rochester, and thence to Lake Ontario and the Falls of Niagara: and as this road again approaches the Erie canal, itissaid to be the most interesting. On this accountwe gave itthe preference, although the longest route.Theyleft Canandaigua in the afternoon, and rode through Victor, Mendon, and Pittsford, to Rochester.Weleft Canandaigua in the afternoon, and rode through Victor, Mendon, and Pittsford, to Rochester.On this route we observed nothing particularly interesting....Theyarrived at Rochester at half-past eight o’clock in the evening, and took lodgings at the Eagle tavern.Theycrossed the Genessee river, which divides Rochester into two parts, on a wooden bridge built firmly and properly,andthe next morning walked through the town.Wearrived at Rochester at half past eight o’clock in the evening, and took lodgings at the Eagle Tavern.Wecrossed the Genesee river, which divides Rochester into two parts, on a wooden bridge,the first that we had hitherto met in the United States that wasbuilt firmly and properly.It rests upon stone piers, and is made of solid beams, with thick and well fastened planks.The next morningwewalked through the town,and were pleased with its rapid increase. In 1812, there was not a single house here; nothing but a wilderness; and the land could be purchased at one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre.Several hundred yards below the bridge the Genessee river is about two hundred yards wide, and has a fall of ninety-five feet. Above the falls is a race which conducts the water to several mills,and it again flowsupinto the river below the falls, where it forms three beautiful cascades.Rochester is one of the most flourishing towns in the state of New-York.At present,Rochester is one of the most flourishing towns in the state of New York.... Several hundred yards below the bridge the Genesee river is about two hundred yards wide, and has a fall of ninety-five feet,which at present, however, did not appear to much advantage.Above the falls is a race which conducts the water to several mills, and it again flows into the river below the falls, where it forms three beautiful cascades,which reminded me of the Villa di Macen, at Tivoli.Atthis placethe Erie canal is carried over the Genessee river by a stone aqueduct bridge. This aqueduct, which is about onehundredyards above theGenesseeFalls, rests upon a slate rock, and is seven hundred and eighty feet long.AtRochesterthe Erie canal is carried over the Genesee river by a stone aqueduct bridge,and resembles that of the Bridgewater canal at Manchester, in England.This aqueduct, which is about onethousandyards above the falls, rests upon abase ofslate rock, and is seven hundred and eighty feet long....Alidawas written after the Erie Canal was enlarged and the Rochester aqueduct relocated. So “one hundred” and “one thousand” may both be correct, apart from the underlying anachronism.The partynowleft Rochester at nine o’clock,and wenton board the canal packet-boat Ohio. The canal, between Lockport and Rochester, runsthedistance of sixty-three miles through a tolerably level country, and north of the Rochester ridge. This ridge consists of a series of rocks, which form the chain of mountains which commences north of Lake Erie, stretches eastward to the Niagara river, confines it, and forms its falls; then continues its course, and forms the different falls which are north of Lake Ontario, and is at length lost in the neighbourhood of the Hudson.Weleft Rochester at nine o’clock, on board the canal packet-boat Ohio,Captain Storch.The canal, between Lockport and Rochester, runsadistance of sixty-three miles, through a tolerably level country, and north of the Rochester ridge. This ridge consists of a series of rocks, which form the chain of the mountains which commences north of Lake Erie, stretches eastward to the Niagara river, confines it, and forms its falls, then continues its course, and forms the different falls which are north of Lake Ontario, and is at length lost in the neighbourhood of the Hudson.The canalruns a distancethrough sombre forests,whentheyreached Lockport on the 20th of August, aboutseveno’clock in the morning.It has only been within the last year that this part ofthe canalhas been passable; its course isthrough dense sombre forests....Wereached Lockport on the 20th of August, about7o’clock in the morning.At this place the canal is carried over the ridge by five large locks, through which the water is raised to the height of seventy-six feet. The locks are ten in number, being arranged in twoparallel rows, so that while the boats ascend in one row, they may descend at the same time in the other.At this place the canal is carried over the ridge by five large locks, through which the water is raised to the height of seventy-six feet. The locks are ten in number, being arranged in two parallel rows, so that while the boats ascend in one row, they may descend at the same time in the other.Through this arrangement the navigation is greatly facilitated, and the whole work, hewn through and surrounded by large rocks, presents an imposing aspect.Lockport is an extremelypleasantplace, and is situated just above the locks.Lockport,to which we repaired, while the boat was left in the basin at the foot of the locks,is an extremelyinterestingplace, and is situated just above the locks....At Lockporttheytook a dearborn for Buffalo, wheretheywere anxious to go, in order to see the union of the canal with Lake Erie. Though a good stage runs between Lockport and the Falls of Niagara,theywent in this bad vehicle five miles to the navigable part of the canal.They then took passage in a boat atCottensburgh. At this place also, the canal is cut through a rock to the depth of about thirty feet. About two or three miles farther on it terminates in the Tonawanta creek, which serves as a canal for twelve miles.At Lockportwetook a dearborn for Buffalo, wherewewere anxious to go, in order to see the union of the canal with Lake Erie. Though a good stage runs between Lockport and the Falls of Niagara,wewent in this bad vehicle five miles, to the navigable part of the canal....The village where we went on board, is calledCottensburgh,and is quite a new settlement.At this place also the canal is cut through rocks to the depth of about thirty feet. About two or three miles farther on, it terminates in the Tonnawanta Creek, which serves as a canal for twelve miles....The creek is about fifty yards wide, and runs through a dense and beautiful forest.The creekitselfis about fifty yards wide, and runs through a dense and beautiful forest,which has never been touched by the axe, except along the canal, where they have been obliged to make a tow-path....Atthe new town of Tonawanta, the creek unites with the Niagara river, where the sluice leads off. At this place alsoAlida and her companyhad the first view of the Niagara river, which conveys the waters of Lake Erie into Lake Ontario, from the other extremity of which flows the St. Lawrence. Inthisrivertheyobserved Grand Island..... not far from this junction was the site forthe new town of Tonnawanta.A few small houses and a saw-mill were already erected; the inhabitants appeared also to suffer much from the intermittent fever. HeretheTonnawantaCreek, unites with the Niagara, where the sluice whichwehave just mentioned leads off. At this place alsowehad the first view of the Niagara river, which conveys the waters of Lake Erie into Lake Ontario, from the other extremity of which flows the St. Lawrence. Intheriverweobserved Grand Island....During the late war, the Niagara, it is well known, formed the boundary line betweenthe United Statesand the British provincesinUpper Canada, and this island bore testimony of the conflict.during the late warbetween England and the United States, the Niagara, it is well known, formed the boundary line betweenthemand the British provincesofUpper Canada, and this island bore testimony of thebloodyconflict.CHAPTER XXVI.From war’s dread ravages again is seen,A spacious town, and Buffalo the name,Now rising from its ashes, spreads around.Various new structures fill the empty ground.Travels(chapter VI continues)From Tonawanta to Buffalo is eight miles, five of whichtheytravelled on the canalwhichruns along the bank of the Niagarariveras far as Black Rock.From this place, the canalruns along the bank of the Niagara,from which it is separated only by a small bank, built rather carelessly, and several feet above the level of the river, which is already somewhat rapid on account of its vicinity to the falls. On the Tonnawanta Creek we saw several canoes which were made by excavating the trunks of trees.From Tonnawanta to Buffaloitis eight miles, five of whichwetravelled on the canal as far as Black Rock....Buffalo was burnt during the late war by the British, but itappeared to be already risingfrom its ashes with increased beauty.Buffalo was burnt during the late war, by the British, but ithas arisenfrom its ashes with increased beauty.Thistown willsoon become an important place,in consequence of its situation near the mouth of the canal, and its harbour.Thetowncontains about five thousand inhabitants, andwill, in consequence of its situation near the mouth of the canaland its harbour, at which they are hard at work,soon become an important place.At the entrance of the harbour is a light-house, and on the lakewere seena number of well-built vessels.A steam-boat called the Superior was ready to run with fifty passengers to Erie, and thence to Detroit.At the entrance of the harbour is a light-house, and on the lakewe observedseveral schooners of about three hundred tons.A steam-boat, called the Superior, was ready to start with fifty passengers to Erie, and thence to Detroit.In the streets, we saw some tolerably well-dressed Indians of the Seneca tribe, who have their wigwam three miles distant. Amongst them were several women, who indeed, but for their complexion, might have been considered handsome.There wasan amusing military spectacle. It consisted of a military parade, consisting of thirty men, including seven officers and two cornets. They were formed like a battalion into six divisions and performed a number of manoeuvres.We also hadan amusing military spectacle. It consisted of a militia parade, consisting of thirty men, including seven officers and two cornets. They were formed, like a battalion, into six divisions, and performed a number of manoeuvres....On the following day, 21st August,the companyleft Buffalo for the small village of Manchester, twenty-three miles distant, and situated on the right bank of the Niagara, near the falls. As far as the village of Tonawanta, the road passes along the canal.On the following day, 21stofAugust,weleft Buffalo for the small village of Manchester, twenty-three miles distant, and situated on the right bank of the Niagara, near the falls. As far as the village of Tonnawanta the road passed along the canal.It was in a very bad condition, cut through the forest, and the trees thrown on the road side. On the lefttheyhad a view of the river and Grand Island. The river is more than a mile wide below the island.It was in a very bad condition, cut through the forest, andno pains have been taken to removethe trees,which arethrown on the road side,and the most beautiful trunks are permitted to spoil in a pitiable manner.On the leftwehad a view of the river and of Grand-Island,thickly studded with timber.The river is more than one mile wide below the island.On the Canada side is the village of Chippewa. From this place, a distance of three miles,theycould already see the rising vapours of the falls. The water, however, indicated no signs of the approach to the precipice. It is only a short distance from Manchester, where you perceive the lofty trees on Goat Island, with its heights situated in the midst of the falls, that the river becomes rocky, and the rapids commence; these form a number of small falls, which are nearly a mile long and the same in breadth, running as far as where the two great falls are separated by Goat Island.On the Canada side is the village of Chippewa. From this place, a distance of three miles,wecould already see the rising vapours of the falls. The water, however, indicated no signs of the approach to the precipice. It is only a short distance from Manchester, where you perceive the lofty trees on Goat-Island with its heights, situated in the midst of the falls, that the river becomes rocky, and the rapids commence; these form a number of small falls, which are nearly a mile long and the same in breadth, running as far as where the two great falls are separated by Goat-Island.At Manchestertheytook lodgings at the Eagle Tavern, and hastened immediately to the Falls;theirsteps were guided bythemighty roaring. In a few minutesAlida and her companystood near the precipice, and saw beforethemthe immense mass of water which rushes with a tremendous noise into the frightful abyss below. It is impossibleto describe the scene, and the pen is too feeble to delineate the simultaneous feelings ofourinsignificanceon the one hand, with those ofgrandeurand sublimity on the other,which agitate the human breast at the sight of this stupendous work of nature,which rivals that of all other countries, in grandeur, beauty and magnificence.We can only gaze, admire and adore. The rocks on both sides are perpendicular, but there is a wooden staircase which leads to the bed of the river.At Manchester,wetook lodgings at the Eagle Tavern, and hastened immediately to the Falls:oursteps were guided bytheirmighty roaring. In a few momentswestood near the precipice, and saw beforeusthe immense mass of water which rushes with a tremendous noise into the frightful abyss below. It is impossible to describe the scene, and the pen is too feeble to delineate the simultaneons feelings of insignificenceandgrandeur which agitate the human breast at the sight of this stupendous work of nature! We can only gaze, admire, and adore. The rocks on both sides are perpendicular, but there is a wooden staircase which leads to the bed of the river.Theydescended, but in conse­quence of the drizzly rain which is produced by the foam of the water,theyhad by no means so fine a prospect from below astheyanticipated. On this account, therefore,theysoonagainascended and satisfiedthemselvesby looking from above upon this sublime and majestic sight. Astheyreturned, full of these mighty impressions, to the Eagle Tavern,theyfound totheirgreat joy a fine opportunityto speakof the grandeur and magnificencetheyhad just beheld.There was another partyjust arrivedfrom New-York,to render homage to this great natural curiosity.Wedescended, but in conse­quence of the drizzly rain which is produced by the foam of the water,wehad by no means so fine a prospect from below asweanticipated. On this account, therefore,wesoon ascended and satisfiedourselvesby looking from above upon this sublime and majestic sight. Aswereturned, full of these mighty impressions, to the Eagle Tavernwefound toourgreat joy a fine opportunityof speakingof the grandeur and magnificencewehad just beheld.Lieutenants De Goer and Van Vloten, of the Pallas, hadjust arrived to render homage to this great natural curiosity.In company with these gentlemenand ladies,theytook a walk to Goat-Island, by a convenient wooden bridge, thrown over the rapids about seven years since. The first bridge leads to a small island called Bath-Island, which contains a bath-house;the second to Goat-Island, which is about one mile in circumference, and overgrown with old and beautiful trees.In company with these gentlemenwetook a walk to Goat-Island, by a convenient wooden bridge, thrown over the rapids about seven years since. The first bridge leads to a small island called Bath-Island, which contains a bath-houseand billiard-room:the second to Goat-Island, which is about one mile in circumference, and overgrown with old and beautiful trees.The Indians who formerly resided in this part of the country....On Bath-Island a person may approach so near the American falls as to look into the abyss below. From the foot of the falls you can see nothing of the abyss, inasmuch as every thing is concealed by the smoke and vapour. On Goat-Island a person may in the same manner approach the Canadian falls in the centre of which is a semi-circular hollow, called the Horse-shoe, and here the noise is still more tremendous than on the other side. The vapour which rises from the Horse-shoe, forms a thick mist, which may be seen at a great distance.On Bath-Island a person may approach so neartothe American falls as to look into the abyss below.The animals in the neighbourhood are so careless of this, that the cows and horses go into the river to drink within five yards of the brink of the precipice.From the foot of the falls you can see nothing of the abyss, inasmuch as every thing is concealed by the foam and vapour. On Goat-Island a person may in the same manner approach the Canadian falls, in the centre of which is a semicircular hollow, called the Horse-shoe, and here the noise is still more tremendous than on the other side. The vapour which rises from the Horse-shoe forms a thick mist, which may be seen at a great distance.To look into the Horse-shoe is awful and horrible. Nor can this be done but at the instant when the vapour is somewhat dissipated. You stand like a petrified being. The level of Lake Erie is said to be five hundred and sixty-four feet above that of the sea, and three hundred and thirty-four feet above the waters of Lake Ontario. Lake Ontario is consequently two hundred and thirty feet above the level of the sea. From Lake Erie to the rapids the water has a fall of fifteen feet, in the rapids fifty-seven feet, and according to a recent measurement, the falls on the American side are one-hundred and sixty-two feet high. From this place toLewistown the river has a fall of one hundred and four feet, and thence to Lake Ontario, of two feet.To look into the Horse-shoe is awful and horrible. Nor can this be done but at the instant when the vapour is somewhat dissipated. You stand like a petrified being. The level of Lake Erie is said to be five hundred and sixty-four feet above that of the sea, and three hundred and thirty-four feet above the waters of Lake Ontario. Lake Ontario is consequently two hundred and thirty feet above the level of the sea. From Lake Erie to the rapids the water has a fall of fifteen feet, in the rapids fifty-seven feet, and according to a recent measurement, the falls on the American side are one hundred and sixty-two feet high. From this place to Lewistown the river has a fall of one hundred and four feet, and thence to Lake Ontario, of two feet.The next morningtheymade another visit to Goat Island.Theyafterwards descended the stairs to the river, whichtheycrossed in a small boat, at a short distance from both falls. The bed of the river is said to be here two hundred and forty-six feet deep. The current passes beneath the surface of the water, and does not again become visible till after a distance of three miles. On the Canada side you have a much better view of the falls than on the American, for you see both falls at the same time. There is on the Canada side a covered wooden staircase, whichtheyascended, and approached the falls, amidst a constant drizzling caused by the falling water.The next morning,22d of August,wemade another visit to Goat-Island.Weafterwards descended the stairs to the river, whichwecrossed in a small boat, at a short distance from both falls. The bed of the river is said to be here two hundred and forty-six feet deep. The current passes beneath the surface of the water, and does not again become visible till after a distance of three miles. On the Canada side you have a much better view of the falls than on the American, for you see both falls at the same time. There is on the Canada side a covered wooden staircase, whichweascended, and approached the falls, amidst a constant drizzling caused by the falling water.The sun threw his rays upon the thick mist and formed a beautiful rainbow. Another winding stair-case leads down the rocks near the falls, under which you may walk to the distance of one hundred and twenty feet; several of the gentlemen went in, but according to their report, they could not see any thing.They werecontented, therefore, to behold the falls from Table rock, which almost overhangs them. A part of this rock gave way several years ago and fell down the precipice, and the remaining part is so much undermined by the water, that it will probably soon follow. The whole distancefrom the American to the British shore is fourteen hundred yards, of which three hundred and eighty belong to the American falls, three hundred and thirty to Goat-Island, and seven hundred to the Canada or Horse-shoe falls.The sun threw his rays upon the thick mist and formed a beautiful rainbow. Another winding staircase leads down the rocks near the falls, under which you may walk to the distance of one hundred and twenty feet; several of the gentlemenpresentwent in, but according to their report they could not see any thing.I wascontented therefore to behold the falls from Table rock, which almost overhangs them. A part of this rock gave way several years ago and fell down the precipice, and the remaining part is so much undermined by the water that it will probably soon follow. The whole distance from the American to the British shore is fourteen hundred yards, of which three hundred and eighty belong to the American falls, three hundred and thirty to Goat-Island, and seven hundred yards to the Canada or Horse-shoe falls.On the British side, opposite to the falls, are two taverns, in the larger of which, Forsyth’s Hotel,theytook lodgings until the next day. During the late war a bridge was thrown over the river about one mile above this tavern, which, together with a mill, was burnt by the Americans on their retreat from the battle of Lundy’s Lane.On the British side, opposite to the falls are two taverns, in the larger of which, Forsyth’s Hotel,wetook lodgings until the next day,when we intended to pay a visit to the governor of Upper Canada, Sir Peregrine Maitland, who resides at his country seat within a few miles of the falls.During the late war a bridge was thrown over the river about one mile above this tavern, which, together with a mill, was burnt by the Americans on their retreat from the battle of Lundy’s Lane.A few years ago a burning spring was discovered here. It is surrounded by a cask, and contains cold water of a blackish appearance, and of a sulphurous taste. Within this cask is a small vessel which has a pipe attheupper end. If a lighted candle be held within a foot of the mouth of this pipe, it will instantly produce a strong flame, similar to a gas-light.A few years ago a burning spring was discovered here,several of which are said to occur in different parts of the United States.It is surrounded by a cask, and containsacold water of a blackish, slimy appearance, and of a sulphurous taste. Within this cask is a small vessel whichis open at the bottom, andhas a pipe atitsupper end. If a lighted candle be held within a foot of the mouth of this pipe, it will instantly produce a strong flame, similar to a gas-light.If the vessel be taken out, and the candle be held over the surface of the water, it will produce the same effect, but the flame will soon disappear.In the neighbourhood of Forsyth’s Hotel is the only point from which you have a full view of both falls at the same time, which, however, is often interrupted by the ascending vapour.In the neighbourhood of Forsyth’s Hotel is the only point from which you have a full view of both falls at the same time, which, however, is often interrupted by the ascending vapour.Ontheirreturn to the American shore,theyexamined a camera obscura, which is situated at the head of the American stair-case, and was built by a Swiss. This gives a tolerably good view of thefalls. Afterwardstheytook a ride to the Whirlpool, which is three miles down the Niagara, and is formed by a kind of rocky basin where the river runs between narrow rocky banks. It is singular to see this confusion of water, whose appearance cannot be better described than by comparing it with the flowing of melted lead. The lofty rocks which form the banks of the river, are beautifully covered with wood, and present a stately, majestic appearance. In the eveningtheyagain went to Goat-Island in order to view the falls by bright moonlight; in this light they produce a peculiarly beautiful effect, which is greatly heightened by a moon-rainbow.Onourreturn to the American shore,weexamined a camera obscura which is situated at the head of the American staircase, and was built by a Swiss. This gives a tolerably good view of the falls. Afterwardswetook a ride to the Whirlpool, which is three miles down the Niagara, and is formed by a kind of rocky basin where the river runs between narrow rocky banks. It is singular to see this confusion of the water, whose appearance cannot be better described than by comparing it with the flowing of melted lead. The lofty rocks which form the banks of this river, are beautifully covered with wood and present a stately, majestic appearance. In the eveningIagain went to Goat-Island in order to view the falls by bright moonlight: in this light they produce a very peculiarly beautiful effect, which is greatly heightened by a moon-rainbow.The following dayboth partieswent to the other side of the river, and took lodgings at Forsyth’s Hotel.The following day,23d August, all our company departed; my friend Tromp and myself alone remained. Wewent to the other side of the river, and took lodgings at Forsyth’s Hotel....High on Hyria’s rock my muse repose,While I wild nature’s direful scenes disclose,Nor let wing’d Fancy’s bold creative aid,Paint beyond truth what nature’s God has made;Inspir’d by him let every flowing line,Describ’d correctly, through the numbers shine.Fed by a thousand springs and purling rills,Ocean’s internal, the wild torrent fills.Lakes Michigan, Superior, there we see,Concent’ring Huron’s flood with proud Erie:The awful stream its wond’rous course began,Roll’d the rich flood before the date of man.From Buffalo to Chippewa bends its course,Full eighteen miles, with calm and rapid force,By Grand Isle passes, where its stream divides,Whose circling course, majestic, downward glides.Meets then again a verdant island long,Gathers the weeping brook, and swells more strong,Widening the swift high-mounted torrent fliesLike lightning bursting from the thund’ring skies.The time-worn cliffs, retiring to their source,Shews countless ages it has run its course.The Schlosser fall eight hundred ninety-twoWill count the feet how broad this current grew.Two thousand with two hundred crescent lineWill the full breadth of Horse-Shoe Fall define.The little fall, with width of seventy-three,Will tell whence Neptune feeds his hungry sea.Tumbling one hundred sixty feet, they allMake one loud groaning in Niagara Fall.Thick hov’ring mists in mountain vapours rise,Bright colour’d rainbows gild the azure skies.The dazzled eye, fill’d with the novel blazeBeholds, astonished, their refracted rays.Nor ends the awful scene, till down the view,Through the dark gulf, these boiling floods pursue.Their course ’tween mountain rocks, which form the shore,Through which, tremendous raging billows roar.Until they form a bay, where tide-worn trees,In conflicts wild rage round the whirlpool seas:Huge splintered logs here twisting round and round,With many a turn before they quit the ground;At length escaping from the circling tide,Side-long slide off, and with a bouncing glide,Head-long adown through rapid streams are toss’d,Until in wide Ontario’s lake are lost.Neptune thus roused leaves now the wat’ry plain,To seek the source from whence he holds his reign.Full in the view of this tremendous scene,Adjacent here, a table rock is seen;Where love-sick swains in clambering groups repair,Conducting tim’rous nymphs with anxious care:’Dew’d with the spray, thewild’redeye surveys,The rushing waters shout their Maker’s praise.CHAPTER XXVII.Revolving years have since rolled on apace,Since patriots here, convened to form we’re told,The school to train the military band,And Putnam’s fortress still we may behold.Travels(chapter IX begins)Theseason wasnowfar advanced. Alida and her brother felt uneasy at being so long separated from their father. The rest of the party were anxious again to see their friends in the city. After tarrying a few days at Forsyth’s Hotel, they determined to proceed on their way back again toNew-York without delay.As theseason wassofar advanced, I wished to reachNew-York without delay.Theytherefore concluded to travel soon, and visit Lake Champlain to its southern extremity, then to Saratoga, Albany, taking the Catskill mountains by the way, and inspecting the famous military school of West Point.Wetherefore concluded to travel soon, and visit Lake Champlain to its southern extremity, then to Saratoga, Albany,and further down the Hudson to New York,taking the Catskill mountains by the way, and inspecting the famous military school of West Point.......The greatest breadth of Lake Champlain, which contains several large islands, is six miles. The shore on the right, belonging to the state of New-York, is low and covered with trees; the other belongs to Vermont, and is more mountainous. As night approached,theywere prevented from beholding this beautiful part of the country;andwerealso, with regret, prevented from seeing the battle-groundof Plattsburgh, at which town the vessel made a short stay during the night,and then proceeded toBurlington, in Vermont, and towards morning passedbythe ruins of Fort Crown Point, which lie on a hill.The greatest breadth of Lake Champlain, which contains several large islands, is six miles. The shore onourright, belonging to the state of New York, is low and covered with trees; the other belongs to Vermont, and is more mountainous. As night approached,wewere prevented from enjoying this beautiful part of the country;I wasalso with regret prevented from seeing the battle ground of Plattsburgh, at which town the vessel made a short stay during the night.Some American custom-house officers came on board, without, however, inquiring after our baggage, and this was a new and not disagreeable circumstance.The same night we stopped atBurlington in Vermont, andthe Grymes’ family left us here to go to Boston. I expected to meet this interesting family again in New York in fourteen days.Towards morningwepassed the ruins of Fort Crownpoint, which lie on a hill.At this place the Lake is very narrow, and resembles a river. The shores are generally covered with bushes and pine trees, are hilly, and afford a pleasing prospect.At this place the lake is very narrow and resembles a river. The shores are generally covered with bushes and pine trees, are hilly, and afford a pleasing prospect.......They now pursued their journey as far asLake George,and arrived atthe village of Caldwell.The shoresof the Lakeare very hilly, the heights are all covered with trees, and are not above eight hundred feet high. There are several islands in the lake, generally covered with wood,andthe sceneryaroundis very handsome.The level of the lake is about three hundred feet higher than that of Lake Champlain. The stream which flows from the former into the latter lake, forms, in its course, a succession of small cascades.From Ticonderoga we went in a stage three miles further toLake George,through a very hilly country.The level of this lake is about three hundred feet higher than that of Lake Champlain; the stream which flows from the former into the latter lake, forms a succession of small cascades,and turns several saw-mills. We arrived at the northern point of Lake George, and entered the steam-boat Mountaineer, which was ready to depart; it was ninety feet long with a machine of sixteen horse-power.Lake George resembles the Scottish lakes. It is thirty-six miles long, and never more than five miles broad.The shores are very hilly, the heights are all covered with trees, and are not,as it seems to me,above eight hundred feet high. There are several islands in the lake, generally covered with wood.... The scenery is very handsome....At the southern extremity, however, liesthe village of Caldwell,founded about twenty years ago, which, besides a very good and large inn, where we took lodgings, contains several neat houses....Theyleft Caldwell at eight o’clock the next day, in two inconvenient carriages, and passed through a very uninteresting, deep, sandy road, in a hillypart of thecountry, covered with thorny trees, ontheirroute to Saratoga Springs, to which the whole fashionable world of the United States repair in summer,andthe fashionables have here the samemania which prevails in other countries, to visit the baths in summer, whether sick or well. The distance is twenty-seven miles. Ontheirpassagewas seenbut one interesting object, the Hudson falls, which rivertheyhad left at Albany, and reached again nine miles from Caldwell, coming from the west.Weleft Caldwell at eight o’clock the next day,September 11,in two inconvenient carriages, and passed through a very uninteresting, deep, sandy road, in a hilly country, covered with thorny trees, onourroute to Saratoga springs, to which the whole fashionable world of the United States repairs in summer,forthe fashionables have here the same mania which prevails in other countries, to visit the baths in summer, whether sick or well. The distance is twenty-seven miles. Onourpassage,we sawbut one interesting object—the Hudson falls, which riverwehad left at Albany, and reached again nine miles from Caldwell, coming from the west.These falls are, however, under the name of Glenn’s Falls. A village of the same name is built in their vicinity, on the rocky shores of the river. The principal fall is forty feet high.These falls are known under the name of Glenn’s Falls. A village of the same name is built in their vicinity, on the rocky shores of the river....A single rock, on which, also, a saw-mill stands, divides into two parts,the principal fall,whichis forty feet high.But there are, both above and below the principal falls, a number of smaller falls, which we could approach with ease, as the water was very low.These falls are not to be numbered among the largest, but among the handsomestin the United States. A constant mist arises from them, and, as the sun shone very brilliantly, several rainbowswere seenat the same time. In the rock, as at Niagara,weresome remarkable and deep cavities.These falls are notindeedto be numbered among the largest, but among the handsomestfalls which I have seen. A constant mist arises from them, and, as the sun shone very brilliantly,we sawseveral rainbows at the same time. In the rock, as at Niagara,we observedsome remarkable and deep cavities....At the base of the small island which divides the chief fall into two parts, a remarkable cave appears below the falls, leading to the other side of the rock. The Hudson is partly navigable above Glenn’s Falls, and two miles farther up, feeds a navigable canal, with thirteen locks, which runs seven miles north of the Hudson, andtherejoins Champlain canal.At the base of the small island, which divides the chief fall into two parts, a remarkable cave appears below the falls, leading to the other side of the rock.... The Hudson is partly navigable above Glenn’s Falls, and two miles further up, feeds a navigable canal, with thirteen locks, which runs seven miles north of the Hudson, andthenjoins Champlain canal.The partyarrived at Saratoga at two o’clock in the afternoon, and stopped at Congress Hall. The greater part of the company had already departed,amongthose whoremained was the governor of the state of New-York.They wereintroduced to his Excellency.The gentlemen conversed with him freely, and found him intelligible and refined, and scientific in his conversation.Wearrived at Saratoga at two o’clock in the afternoon, and stopped at Congress Hall. The greater part of the company had already departed,so that but forty personsremained;amongthesewas the governor of the state of New York,the celebrated De Witt Clinton.I wasimmediatelyintroduced to his excellency,and very well received by this great statesman.During the period spanned byAlida(1811–1816), the governor of New York was Daniel Tompkins.In the evening the company assemble in the large hall in the lower story, and passawaythe time in music, dancing or conversation,where they witness all the politeness, refinement, and hospitality that characterize the Americans..... In the evening the company assembles in the large halls in the lower story,at this season, alas! by the fire,and pass the time in music, dancing, or conversation....Thewatersofthe different springsaregenerally drank, but baths are also erected. High Rock spring flows from a white conical lime-stone rock, five feet high. The water is seeninthisspringin constant agitation. So much fixed air escapes from it, that an animal held over it, as in the Grotto del Cane, near Naples, cannot live above half a minute.The different springs,which do not lie far from each other in a swampy ground in the same valley, are called Hamilton, Congress, Columbia, Flat Rock, Munroe, High Rock, President, and Red Spring.Thewater isgenerally drank, but baths are also erected. High Rock Spring flows from a white conical limestone rock, five feet high,in which there is a round aperture above, about nine inches in diameter, through whichthe waterinthespringis seen in a state of constant agitation. So much fixed air escapes from it, that an animal held over it, as in the Grotto del Cane, near Naples, cannot live above half a minute....In a few daystheyleft Saratoga Springs, in a convenient stage, to go to Albany, thirty-six miles distant.Theypassed through a disagreeable and sandy country. The uniformity was, however, very pleasingly interrupted by Saratoga Lake, which is eight miles long.The governor had the kindness to give me some letters for New York, and a letter of introduction to the Shakers of New Lebanon. Furnished with these,weleft Saratoga Springs,September 12th, at 9 o’clock,in a convenient stage to go to Albany, thirty-six miles distant.Wepassed through a disagreeable and sandy country. The uniformity was, however, very pleasingly interrupted by Saratoga lake, which is eight miles long.......At the small town of Waterfordtheypassed along the left shore of the Hudson on a long wooden bridge, to avoid a bad bridge over the Mohawk.Theyproceeded ontheirroute in the night on avery good road, and passed through Lansingburgh and Troy. The latter is very handsomely built, and many stores were very well lighted up in the evening. Heretheyreturned to the right shore of the Hudson, and reached Albany atteno’clock at night.At the small town of Waterfordwepassed along the left shore of the Hudson on a long wooden bridge, to avoid a bad bridge over the Mohawk.Weproceeded onourroute in the night on a very good road, and passed through Lansingburg and Troy. The latter is very handsomely built, and many stores are very well lighted up in the evening. Herewereturned to the right shore of the Hudson, and reached Albany at10o’clock at night....At eight o’clock next morning they took passage on board the steam-boat, to go down the river as far as the town of Catskill, at the foot of Pine Orchard. The company ascended the mountain, which is twelve miles high, in stages. They reached Pine Orchard a little before sunset. The building on the mountain for the accommodation of visiters, is a splendid establishment. Alida was truly delighted with the landscape it presented in miniature; where large farms appeared like garden spots, and the Hudson a rivulet, and where sometimes the clouds were seen floating beneath the eye of the spectator.This paragraph does not appear inTravels in North America.TravelsThe next morningtheyagaintookthe steam-boatat Catskill to go toHudson, twenty-seven and a half miles from Albany, whichtheyreached about noon.This cityappearsvery handsome and lively.At ten o’clockwe embarked on boardthe steam-boatRichmond. The banks of the Hudson are very handsome, and here and there well cultivated. From Albany to New York it is one hundred and forty-four miles, and to West Point ninety-six.Hudson,a placetwenty-seven and a half miles from Albany, whichwereached at noon,seems to bevery handsome and lively.We remarked in the harbour several sloops, and on shore some brick stores, five stories high.On the opposite side of the river is Athens, between which and Hudson there seems to be much communi­cation kept up by a team-boat. A very low island in the middle of the stream between the two places, rendered this communi­cation somewhat difficultat first, as vessels were obliged to make a great circuit. To avoid this incon­venience, a canal was cut through the island, through which the team-boat now passes with ease and rapidity.On the opposite side of the river lies Athens, between which and Hudson there seems to be much communi­cation kept up by a team-boat. A very low island in the middle of the stream between the two places rendered this communi­cation somewhat difficult at first, as vessels were obliged to make a great circuit. To avoid this incon­venience, a canal was cut through the island, through which the team-boat now passes with ease and rapidity.This place affords a very fine view of the lofty Catskill mountains.Theyleft the city of Hudson in the afternoon, andarrived at West Pointateleven o’clock at night,on the right side of the Hudson, and landed at a wharf furnished with a sentry-box. An artillerist stood sentinel.This place affords a very fine view of the lofty Catskill Mountains.Abouteleven o’clock at nightwearrived at West Point, on the right side of the Hudson, and landed at a wharf furnished with a sentry-box. An artillerist, who stood sentinel, examined us.I afterwards discovered that this rule was made on account of the visits which the cadets receive.Theywere obliged to ascend a somewhat steep road in order to reach the house which is prepared for the reception of strangers. The building belongs to the government, and is designed for the mess-room of the officers and cadets. The purveyor for this table is bound by contract withthegovernment to keep several chambers with beds in order for the reception of the relations of the cadets.Wewere obliged to ascend a somewhat steep road in order to reach the house, which is prepared for the reception of strangers.A small but very clean room was prepared for us.The building belongs to the government, and is designed for the mess-room of the officers and cadets. The purveyor for this table is bound by contract with government to keep several chambers with beds in order, for the reception of the relations of the cadets,and thus a kind of inn arose.The morning aftertheirarrival,the gentlemenpaid an early visit to lieutenant-colonel Thayer, superintendent of the military school, and were received in a very friendly manner. Hehadpresided over this schoolseveralyears. Colonel Thayer has entirely remodelled this institution,and very much improved it.The morning afterourarrivalwepaid an early visit to lieutenant-colonel Thayer, superintendent of the military school, and were received in a very friendly manner. Hehaspresided over this schooleightyears.It was founded in 1802, during the presidency of Jefferson.Colonel Thayer has entirely remodelled this institution.During his travels in Europe he visited the French military schools, and has endeavoured to make this resemble the polytechnic school. But he will find it difficult to equal this once celebrated school, as with the best will in the world he cannot find in this country such excellent professors as were assembled in that institution.Sylvanus Thayer (1785–1872) was Superintendent of West Point from 1817 to 1833.The cadets, whose number may amount to two hundred and fifty, are divided into four classes forthe purposes of instruction. They are received between the ages of fourteen and twenty, and must undergo an examination before they enter.The cadets, whose number may amount to two hundred and fifty,but at the last examination consisted of two hundred and twenty-one,are divided into four classes for the purposes of instruction. They are received between the ages of fourteen and twenty, undergo an examination before they enter....Instruction is communicated gratuitously to the cadets, each of whom receives monthly eight dollars from government as wages.Instruction is communicated gratuitously to the cadets, each of whom receives monthly eight dollars from government as wages.A public examination of the cadets takes place every year at the end of June, by a commission appointed by the Secretary of War. This commission consists of staff officers from the army and navy, members of Congress, governors of states, learned men and other distinguished citizens. After this examination, the best among those who have finished their course are appointed as officers in the army.A public examination of the cadets takes place every year at the end of June, by a commission, appointed by the secretary of war. This commission consists of staff-officers from the army and navy, members of congress, governors of states, learned men, and other distinguished citizens. After this examination, the best among those who have finished their course are appointed as officers in the army.......The cadets live in two large massive buildings, three stories high,and are dividedintofour companies..... The cadetsare dividedinfour companies, andlive in two large massive buildings, three stories high.......The institution possesses four principal buildings. The two largest serve as barracks for the cadets, a third contains the mess-room, and the fourth the church.The institution possesses four principal buildings. The two largest serve as barracks for the cadets, a third contains the messroomand inn,and the fourth the church,chemical laboratory, library, and the hall for drawing, in which are some of the best drawings of the cadets....A large level space, consisting of several acres, lies in front of the buildings, forming a peninsula, and commanding the navigation of the Hudson, above which it is elevated one hundred and eighty-eight feet. Towards the river it is surroundedbysteep rocks, so that it is difficult to ascend, unless by the usual way.A large level space, consisting of several acres, lies in front of the buildings, forming a peninsula and commanding the navigation of the Hudson, above which it is elevated one hundred and eighty-eight feet. Towards the river it is surroundedwithsteep rocks, so that it would be difficult to ascend, unless by the usual way...........A band of music, paid by the government, belongs exclusively to them, and is said to afford the best military music in the United States.Every one has his taste.......The partynowascended the rocky mountain on whichare to be seenthe ruins of Fort Putnam.Theway led through a handsome forest of oak, beech, chestnut and walnut trees. The fortoccupyingthe summit of the mountain, was erected in an indented form, of strong granite, and is altogether inaccessible on the side next the enemy. It had but a single entrance, with very strong casemates. It was built on private propertyduring the revolution; the owner of the ground claimed it, and government were obliged to restore it. The government afterwards acquired the ground on which West Point stands, as well as the adjoining heights.Notwithstanding my injured side,Iascended the rocky mountain on which the ruins of Fort Putnamlie.Myway led through a handsome forest of oak, beech, chesnut, and walnut trees. The fortoccupiedthe summit of the mountain, was erected in an indented form, of strong granite, and is altogether inaccessible on the side next the enemy. It had but a single entrance, with very strong casemates,and two small powder-magazines.It was builtduring the revolutionon private property; the owner of the ground claimed it, and government were obliged to restore itto him, after which he destroyed the fort.The government afterwards acquired the ground on which West Point stands, as well as the adjoining heights....A very fine viewone may havefrom Fort Putnam of the plains of West Point and of the Hudsonriver. The view to the north is particularly handsome, in which direction Newburgh, lying on the river, is seen in the back ground.A very fine viewis enjoyedfrom Fort Putnam of the plain of West Point, and of the Hudson,which here calls to mind the high banks of the Rhine.The view to the north is particularly handsome, in which direction Newburgh, lying on the river, is seen in the back ground.We saw nothing of the Catskill mountains....A band of music, paid by the government, belongs exclusively to the cadets, and is said to afford the best military music in the United States.The party generally regretted leavingthis agreeable place,where they had been highly gratifiedduring their short stay.They took passageon board the steamboat Consti­tution, boundto New-York, sixty miles distant.I was very sorrythat we were obliged on the third day after our arrivalto leavethis agreeable place,which had so extremely pleased me; but I was obliged to goto New Yorkat last!...Travels(Baltimore chapter)....We wenton board the steam-boat Constitution.TravelsThey were now again on their way to one of themost flourishing citiesin the United States, which attractsa great part of thecommerce of theAmerican nation.Theycame into the vicinityabout sunset,and ateight o’clock in the eveningtheylandedin New-York.....After sundown wecame into the vicinityof New York, the largest cityin the United States, which attractsnearly the wholecommerce of thecountry,and now already numbers one hundred and seventy thousand inhabitants.Welandedabouteight o’clock in the evening....Travels in North Americaends here.Leaving their friends in the city, Albert and his sister took passage in a stage coach next morning, and journeyed in a short time as far as the village of ——, and from thence proceeded on to the residence of their father.CHAPTER XXVIII.Ah! now again all my sensations move to see a parent, and I sigh once more to meet the kind caresses of a father—and weeks seem ages in this separation.The Merchant’s DaughterThefeelingsof Alidawere those of boundless joyto meet again her parents, after an absence from them which appeared long to her.Her firstfeelings were those of boundless joy....Children of the AbbeyShe was grieved to find her father had suffered much from indisposition during her absence. She endeavoured in vain, by every soothing attention, to recall him again to health and happiness. His malady increased daily, and he becamea prey to infirmities, which atlengthconfined him to his room.Lord Dunreath had long beena prey to infirmities, which atthis period generallyconfined him to his room....The gladsome sensations of Albert were changed soon to those of melancholy, when he saw that his father was affected with a serious illness, and dejection supplied the place of more happy and animated feelings.Alida, for several weeks, scarce left the apartment. One morning she perceived that he hadalteredvery materiallyfor the worse. It was only at intervals he could converse withher, andthenhis conversation was calculated togiveher fortitude and resignation, and prepare hermindfor anapproaching melancholy event,which,whenever she receivedthe leasthint of, hergriefwas inexpressible.Her father was considerablyaltered for the worse, and unable to rise, except for a few minutes in the evening, to have his bed made. He complained of no pain or sickness, but seemed sinking beneath an easy and gradual decay.It was only at intervals he could converse withhis daughter.His conversation wasthencalculated tostrengthenher fortitude and resignation, and prepare her for an approaching melancholy event. Whenever she receivedahint ofit,heragonywas inexpressible....Her father observed her emotion. “Alida, my dear child,” said he, “do not be alarmed, as I appear much worse than I am in reality at present;” but she had drawn these words from the physician that morning, that his malady had increased greatly since the day before. Perceiving a visible change in his appearance, she scarcely left the room ofher fathertill a late hour, when he,perceivingher almostfaintingwith fatigue, requested her to retire to rest. Albert supplied the place of his sister, and remained with his father, while the affectionate care of his only surviving son was grateful to the bosom of a fond parent.... her fatherwho sawherill, andalmostsinkingwith fatigue, requested her to retire to rest....The slumbers of Alida were broken, and fearing to leave her father too long, she arose very early next morning to attend him. He was evidently much worse next day, which wasSunday, andintimated that he wished all the family sent for.He then requested Alida to read some passages in the bible, as was his daily custom.It was nowSunday, andhe desired the service of the day to be read. A small bible lay on the table before him, and Amanda complied with his desire.In the first lesson were these words:“‘Leave thy fatherless children to me and I will be their father,’ what words ofconsolationare these,”said he,“what transport do they convey to the heart of a parent, burthened with anxiety. Yes,divineDisposer,” he exclaimed,“I will, with grateful joy, commit my children to thykindcareand protection.”“Leave thy fatherless children to me, and I will be their father.”The tears gushed from Fitzalan; he laid his hand, which appeared convulsed with agitation, on the book. “Oh!what words ofcomfort,” cried he, “are these; what transport do they convey to the heart of a parent burthened with anxiety! Yes,merciful PowerI will, with grateful joy, commit my children to thy care,for thou art the friend who wilt never forsake them.”When the physician made his morning visit, as he was going to take leave, Alida asked his opinion. He shook his head, and seemed to give no hopes of recovery.A&M(Melissa’s father to Alonzo)Her father requested her to be seated by the bedside. “My child,” said he, “I wish to discourse a little with you. And could I again see Theodore, how gladly would I now receive him.I have deeply injuredhim,” said he, “and my child too; andhave inflicted a wound still deeper in my own bosom.I have often considered his piety and worth. His moral character was all that it should be. Superfluous wealth is not necessary to ensure earthly felicity, but a competency and contentment therewith, is all that is necessary to happiness.”“I haveinjured (said he) my young friend,deeply injuredyou, but in doing this Ihave inflicted a wound still deeper in my own bosom.”Lives of Signers: Samuel Adams of Massachusetts“Do not renew your sorrows, dear father,” said Alida, “what is past is beyond recall. Let usconfide in a just over-ruling Providence, that disposes all material events for the wisest purposes.” Her tears flowed in abundance, as her looks rested upon the visage of her father, and deep distress was depicted in her countenance.He had been accustomed for years, toconfide in a just over-ruling Providence....Children of the Abbey“My dear child,” said her father, “weep not for me, think that rest must now be acceptable totheweary traveller, whose hopes are centred in theRedeemer, (as the only name under Heaven, whereby we can be saved,) and can leave the world in the joyful anticipation of receiving those inestimable blessings, in a life to come, which the Gospel promises to every true believer.”He had scarcely uttered these words, when he sunk almost senseless upon his pillow. The greater part of the family now assembled round him. The physician came and gave no hopes of recovery. He faithfully watched over him the whole evening and a part of the night, and about twelve o’clock his family had the sorrow and misfortune to witness the distressful and trying scene. Their father was no more.The distress, fatigue and agitation of Alida, could no longer be borne with, and for many weeks she was confined to her room. The loss of her parent and the terminating scene, had left her in deep affliction: all repose seemed fled forever, and bitter anguish had succeeded, and taken up its residence in her bosom. Reflections rose in her mind continually, that her situation had been heretofore comparatively happy, to what it at present afforded. An illness of short duration had suddenly deprived her of a very dear father, and she now felt herself a lonely, dejected orphan.my Amanda,weep nottoo bitterlyfor me;like aweary traveller,think that rest must now be acceptableto me.CHAPTER XXIX.Could I trace back the time, a distant date, since my ancestors traversed these fields, and held possession of this wide domain.The melancholy event had taken place, and Albert had lost his father. His heavy and heartfelt affliction could not at this time be alleviated, and his mind was involved in gloom and sadness, which he endeavoured in vain to dissipate.He was now deprived of the kind hand of a parent, who had used his endeavours to lead him in the way he should go, from his infancy: and assisted him with a kindly advice, and supplied him with a timely experience, and in the wisdom of whose salutary council, he could now no longer repose.He felt himself deprived of this kind assistant, whose precepts had been his guide ever since the first dawning irradiations of reason had began to appear, to enlighten his mind, and with the eye of vigilance watched over him, endeavouring to trace out his good or evil propensities, and to point to the particular advantages on the one hand, and the baneful effects on the other, and to train his ideas to whatever was most commend­able, and praiseworthy.Albert had ever evinced a disposition pleasing toparental hopes and wishes, and flattering to a fond father’s most sanguine anticipations. He was ever cheerful in complying with whatever he considered his duty, and conformable to the will of his interested parent.Alidapage 128(chapter XVI)He now revolved in his mind, and reflected what had heretofore been his particular wishes.It had long been the wish of his parent, that he should close his business in New-York, and settle himself on the paternal estate.He, therefore, was diligent in his endeavours to do this, as soon as his spirits would in any wise allow him to attend to these affairs, and at the commence­ment of the ensuing spring, he happily terminated his business in the city, and returned to the country.He had imparted to his son his wish for him to close and settle his mercantile affairs in the city,(as the times were dreary,)and return to the paternal estate.Alidapage 153(chapter XX)He had long wished him to close his affairs of business in the city, and settle himself on the paternal estate.The remembrance of his father for a long interval of time was in every object around and about the mansion, in which he was established, and reminded him of his bereavement, and he was affected with sorrowful meditations, and a borrowed serenity was manifested in his appearance.NY Weekly:Mrs. MordauntHe reflected on his present condition,—he would say,how desultoryis thehappinessof man, he lays plans of permanent felicity, when the whirlwind of affliction arrives, and destroys the towering edifice of creative hope, and hisschemesof contentment are changed to disappointment and wo.How desultoryare theschemesof man, he lays plans of permanent felicity, when the whirlwind of affliction arrives, and destroys the towering edifice of creative hope.Alidapage 13(chapter I)He had taken possession of the paternal estate, which had for some years been the wish of his father. Like him he was fond ofrural pleasures and amusements, andto dissipatecare amid the diversifiedscenes of rustic life, afforded him satisfaction and pleasure.The mind of its owner took particular delight inrural pleasures and amusements; indissipatinga part of his time in the innocentscenes of rustic life, and in attending to the cultivation of his estate, which was large and extensive.NY Weekly:The School of NatureTo contemplate the inimitable works of Creation,wasto himno less pleasing than instructive.Where so manyobjectsarrest the attention, andafford abundance ofentertainment, equally calculated to raise in thehuman breastthe most unfeigned offerings of wonder, gratitude and praiseto the great Dispenser of benefits to mankind, andthe Author of universal existence.Nature presents to the imagination an inexhausted fund of rational amusement.To contemplate the inimitable works of creation,is no less instructive than pleasing.Animate as well as inanimateobjects affordanabundance ofentertaining ideas, equally calculated to raise in thesouls of human beingsthe most unfeigned offerings of wonder, gratitude, and praise.The gaiety of spring, the smiles of summer, the secundity of autumn, and the dreariness of winter, all combine to celebratethe Author of universal existence.Themagnificenceof the celestial, and the curiosity and variety of the vegetable world,thathave properties which, if accuratelyseen, yield inconceivable astonishment tothe eye ofthe beholder,....Themagnificentand wonderful objectsof the celestial, and the curiosity and variety of the vegetable world,as well as the formation of all animals, reptiles, insects, and other productions of Nature,have properties which, if accuratelyviewed, yield inconceivable astonishment to the beholder.NY Weekly:Detractionandconfessalikethe happy influence of the Deity.Itcharmsin all the genialwarmth andsoftness of spring,.... In a word, the whole reignconfessedthe happy influences of the Deity,andcharmedin all the genial softness of the spring.NY Weekly:The School of Naturewhenthe earthteems with a matchless splendour, when its green hues and universal verdure come forth in all their pristine elegance and enchanting attractions, whichconstantlyaffordedthe contemplative mind of Albert,aninexhaustiblevariety ofentertaining anduseful lessons.When spring, for example, returns with all it’s native beauties, as succeeding the gloomy aspect and forbidding horrors of winter;whenitteems with a matchless splendourand magnificence;when its green hues and universal verdure come forth in all their pristine elegance, and enchanting attractions.... whichwouldaffordhimanendlessvariety of usefuland instructivelessons....NY Weekly:Extraordinary Adventure of a Spanish NoblemanIn the meantime his new station in life called himto new responsibilities, and a new field of action, unknown to him before, presented itself, wherein he must act in many different capacities. Hewasnaturallyof a domestic turnof mind, and had alwaysdeclined entering intothe constant routine ofengagements,to which themostpart of the fashionable world, more or less, subject themselves. He avoided all excess and extravagance, in every respect, in which people of this description lose the greater part of their time. He was extremely fond of walking, as he considered gentle exercise the best medicine of life, and he passed much of his time in strolling over the fields or in the forest glen, amid the green wood shade, wrapped up in solitary reflection..... but his grace, whowas of a domestic turn,and averse from the vanities of high life,declined entering intoanyengagementwhich might subject him to the impertinence, folly, and etiquette,to which themajorpart of the fashionable worldseem to abound, either as servile imitators, or involuntary slaves....NY Weekly:The African’s ComplaintWhen the sun wasgildingthe western hemisphere, and the day shone in all the mildness of the season,enveloped inserious thought andreverie,Albertwalked forth among the surrounding shades. “Happy, ye freeborn sons of Columbia,”said he,“liberty and plentynowbless your domestic retirements,—War, devastation and wide-wasting rapine have fled your peaceful shores.Nodreadof destruction to disturb your uninterrupted tranquil­lity; the exercise of laudable industry can again bring home to each family competency and repose.”Phoebus had immersed his flaming forehead in the Western main—smoothly glided the wild zephyrs....enveloped ina pleasingreverie,Iwalked forth amongst the surrounding shades. ——“Happy, ye freeborn sons of Columbia,”exclaimed I, “liberty and plenty bless your domestic retirements; war, devastation, and wide-wasting rapine have fledfrom your peaceful shores—no murderous assassin, or night prowling incendiary, carries the hidden dagger of slaughter, ordreadtorchof destruction to disturb your uninterrupted tranquility....NY Weekly:Extract from a Letter to Miss ****The clear cerulean sky added asoftbeauty to the adjacentlandscapes,as helistlesslywandered alongthe beach. The idle murmuring of the waves upon the sandy shore, the confused gabbling of thewaterfowl,and thenearview of the full-spread vessel majestically advancing over the white-capped billows,that advanced and receded in gentle monotony,tended to soothe thelone bosom to calmness andquietude..... When we sailed gently down the harbour,the clear ceruleanof thesky added asofterbeauty to the adjacent landscapes.... whenlistlesslywandering ontherockybeach, the idle murmuring of the waves upon the sandy shore, the confused gabbling of thesea fowl,and thedistantview of the “full spread vessel majestically advancing over the white cap’d billows,” tended to sooth thesorrows of humanity, and lull the mind toquietude.The day ended, andcalmevening drew on. The silver rays of the full-orbed moon shed a majesty on each surrounding object.The sceneappeared in solemn grandeur; the dusky forest reflected a yellow radiance; and the rolling wonders of theheavensglittered overthe head,while awful stillness reigned, interrupted only by the strains of thenight-bird, whose melodious notesserved tosoothethe heartto harmony.The day ended, andstillevening drew on.Then did nature appear in silent magnificence; whilethe silver rays of the full orbed moon shed a majesty on each surrounding object.The lofty summit of the cloud-topt mountainappeared in solemn grandeur; the dusky forest reflected a yellow radiance; and the rolling wonders of theskiesglittered overour heads:whiletheawful stillnessthatreigned, interrupted only by the lonely strains of thewhip-poor-will,served toexalt the soul, and distendthe heart.NY Weekly:ChearfulnessAlbert returned home with a leisurely step, his feelings were raised in devotional gratitude to that beneficent Being, on whom we depend for everypresent and future felicity,and who had surrounded us with so many blessings, that conspire to compose the mind to calmness and serenity.Indeed, true piety is an invaluable treasure; and happy are they who esteem its salutary tendency. It meliorates the morals and disposition, and promotespresent and future felicity.CHAPTER XXX.Abbé Claude Le Ragois:Instruction sur l’histoire de France et romaine(1737): Proverbes ou SentencesCeux qui ne sont gens de bien qu’en apparence—sont obligés de se contraindre, beaucoup, et de garder de grandes mesures, afin de passer pour se qu’ils ne sont pas.Ceux qui ne sont gens de bien qu’en aparence, sont obligez de se contraindre beaucoup, & de garder de grandes mesures, afin de passer pour ce qu’ils ne sont pas....NY Weekly:Essayist, No. IIAlida ruminated on her lonely situation. She reflected onformer days, and themanyhappyhoursthat had gone by for ever, whenthe roses ofhealthhad arrayed hercheeks, and gay thought had filled her fancy,and every object was decked with the charms of fascination,when herheartwasunacquainted with sorrow, andexperienced serenity and happinesswithout alloy..... To review the transactions offormer days, themanysportivehourswhich have long been past.... ’Twas thenhealthand beauty bloomed upon thecheek, and every object was decked with the charms of fascination.’Twas then theheartignorant of vice andunacquainted with sorrowor misfortune,enjoyed every pleasurewithout alloy.....Hannah More:On DissipationShe deplored the loss of a kind father; in him she was deprived of a friend, who could never be again supplied to her, and in whose societyher mindwasin a constant progressive state of improvement..... She who dedicates a portion of her leisure to useful reading, feelsher mind in a constant progressive state of improvement....This is the only identified passage from Hannah More. The text may have been reprinted in a periodical such as theNew-York Weekly.NY Weekly:Domestic FelicityHis filial affection, his kindness, his watchful endeavours for her welfare, were evinced by a careful anxiety and pains to enlighten her mind with those qualities and acquirements, that would be most conducive to enlarge her sphere of usefulness in life, and furnish her with the means of rational pleasure, andto blend with her personal appearancethe more fascinating charms of a well-improved understanding..... Maria, who has only completed fourteen,to a beautiful countenance, joinsthe more fascinating charms of a well-improved understanding....She mourned his loss at a residence where every object recalled him continually to her remembrance. She was wholly absorbed in melancholy, and amid these sad ideas that agitated her bosom alternately, Bonville arrived from the neighbouring village, and her attention was for a time diverted, and she was relieved from a train of painful reflections. Her brother had a long conversation with him respecting Theodore, and wondered how it happened that his friend Raymond had never received any intelligence from him.Bonville seemed much embarrassed at these observations of Albert, and it was some length of time before he made any reply. Then biting his lips, and putting on an air of displeasure, he said that he had actually thought of going to England himself, to trace him out, and ascertain the cause of his strange conduct. Then assuming a look of insignificance, accom­panied with several speeches in double entendre, he remained in sullen silence.The conduct of Theodore certainly, thought Alida, is mysterious and singular, and his long silence is truly unaccountable, and the idea of ever meeting him again with these different impressions, that at present bore sway over her mind, agitated her greatly. In happier days, when herhopes had rested on him in full confidence, she thought herself sufficiently strong to bear every other evil; but to be assured of his inconstancy, was an idea she could scarcely endure.Although Albert might decidedly be called a person of discernment, still he had not yet fully discovered the deceptive powers of Bonville, whose many evil propensities were in a manner concealed, by a condescending courtesy and affability; though his mind inherited ill-nature and sarcasm in the extreme.The sprightliness of his manners, mingled with a certain degree of humour and generous sentiments, occasionally mingling with his discourse, threw a veil over his imperfections, and excited one’s admiration.Albert thought him ungenerous for many scandalous assertions concerning Theodore, and he still hoped he might again arrive on his native shores, and be able to answer all suggestions to his disadvantage.Alida had never discerned his real character, therefore she reposed full confidence in all he said. His behaviour to her was respectful, and his exterior extremely prepossessing. He appeared all goodness and benevolence, and ever expressed themost generous sentiments towards those he pretended to censure.These deceitful appearances were joined with a semblance of piety; and he could at any time make himself appear to advantage, by the display of a variety of superficial knowledge. He was proud to excess, as if he really possessed qualities to be proud of. One would scarcely suppose that such a person could be capable of true attachment, but so it certainly was; that knowing the many imperfections of his own nature, caused him more deeply to revere the opposite qualities in Alida, and the idea of shortly gaining her hand, carried his senses to such a pitch of enthusiasm, that it would not be thought strange to suppose, that the disappointment of his pride would overwhelm him with lasting dismay.NY Weekly:DetractionThesuperior excellenceof Theodore furnished amark forthecalumnyof Bonville, supposing his own success depended on the disparagement of the other. Thusenvy is usually led to asperse what it cannot imitate;and thelittle mindscandalizesthe pre-eminence of its neighbour, and endeavours to depreciate the good qualities that it cannot attain to.Superior excellenceis the generalmark for calumny;andenvy is usually led to asperse what it cannot imitate.Alittle mindis scandalized atthe pre-eminence of its neighbour, and endeavours to depreciate the virtues which it cannot attain to.Thus the distempered eye is impatient of prevailing brightness, and by attempting to observethe lucid object, inadvertently betrays its own weakness;andpersons oftheirunhappy complexion, regard all praises conferred upon another, as derogatory from their own value.Thus the distempered eye is impatient of prevailing brightness; and, by attempting to observe the lucid object, inadvertently betrays its own weakness.Pride is the fruitful parent of Detraction; and it is the unjust estimate which men set upon themselves, that generates in their minds this ridiculous contempt of greater worth.Persons ofthisunhappy complexion regard all praises conferred upon another as derogatory from their own value.NY Weekly:Moral MaximsAndapersonwithout merit may live without envy; but who would wish to escapeiton these terms!Amanwithout merit may live without envy; but who would wish to escape on these terms?CHAPTER XXXI.May he again return, and with him bringA soft serenity on pleasure’s wing;While anxious fears, and doubt, shall disappear,The heavy mists of gloomy thought to clear.The scenes of solitude were now more pleasing to Alida than ever. She loved to wander through the shady grove and lonely valley, and adapt their retirement to her own particular situation. She would often stray as far as the cottage or the farmhouse, at a little distance, and would sometimes take the winding path through a beautiful piece of wood which led to Raymond’s, where the thick foliage formed a grateful shade.NY Weekly:The Nettle and the RoseThere she would indulge herself in solitary thought. “How changeable are all things terrestrial,” said she, “thevariedyear has its seasons, and winter and summer are constantly in pursuit of each other. The elements are frequently disturbed by storms and tempests, so,in like manner,is thehuman breastat intervals troubledand discomposed,and often remains overshadowed with pensive sadness and cheerless reverie; and these desponding ideas must continue to have influence over the mind,till the sunshine of reasonandreligion kindlydispels the gloom,and awakens anew the feelings of the heart to the rays of hope and more enlivening sensations.” She had just returned home one afternoon from Raymond’s, when her brother, who had been absent on business to the city, drove up the avenue, accom­panied by Mr. More..... Asthe year has its seasons, and winter and summer are constantly in pursuit of each other,so changeable likewise is the condition of mortals; and asthe elements are frequently disturbed by storms,hurricanes,and tempests, so is themind of manfrequently ruffledand discomposed, till the sun-shine of reason andphilosophy bursts forth anddispels the gloom....Albert informed his sister of the arrival of Theodore. She almost fainted at the intelligence, so unexpected: and although she wished of all things, to learn all the circumstances attending his absence, yet she dreaded the event, to behold him again, fearing the truth of Bonville’s suggestions.In the midst of these thoughts and fears, Theodore alighted at the house, and was shown by the servant into the drawing-room.Theodore, regardless of all around him, as soon as he beheld Alida, he grasped her hand, exclaiming with rapture, “Has the period at length arrived, and am I indeed once more so happy as to meet again my much-esteemed and long-lost friend.”Alida gazed on him in silence. He saw her extreme agitation, and after they were seated, he observed more particularly her altered appearance. What surprise and grief was manifest in his countenance, when he saw the paleness of her cheek, and the roses that once spread their healthy hueover them, now seemed fled for ever. In a length of time, she became somewhat more composed; but in what light to consider Theodore, she yet did not know, and former ideas still clouded her imagination.At length she assumed sufficient courage, to ask him, why he had not thought proper to inform any of his friends of the circumstances attending his absence.Theodore could scarcely remain silent while Alida was speaking; he was surprised beyond all description at what he heard. “Can it be possible,” said he, “that you have missed of information concerning me, when I delayed not to inform you of all my movements, every opportunity I had to convey intelligence.” He then informed her that the letters had been sent to Raymond, and those for herself were enclosed, and committed to his care; and through this channel, he had related minutely all the various trials and circumstances attending his unexpected journey, and the cause of his protracted stay. Alida was evidently convinced, and appeared again assured of the truth of her lover. The energy with which he spoke, his agitated feelings, joined to the distress visible in his countenance, convinced her of his sincerity, at least caused her to doubt, what a few moments before appeared soincontestible: and her present happiness fully compensated for the lengthy period of distress and anxiety she had experienced.Albert was delighted at the return of Theodore, and highly gratified in his hopes, to find in his early friend, still the man of honour he had ever considered him. He had never once mentioned his name to Alida during their separation; although his thoughts often revolved on the unhappy result of their acquaintance, and the future welfare of his sister.Mr. More was a silent spectator of this joyful meeting. He now beheld the person who had been so happy as to win the esteem and affections of Alida, a person that he had heard spoken of, though it had appeared that he never expected to see.He witnessed the happy meeting. Sighs and tears from this time were his only companions, while his aspect pourtrayed nought but anguish and utter despair. He looked upon this happy pair as already united. He shed tears of evident anguish, when he took leave of Alida, and his looks told her it must now be forever.A&MThe evening was not far advanced, when Bonville, who was altogether ignorant of Theodore’s arrival, unexpectedly made his appearance. Struck with the utmost conster­nation at seeing him, he involun­tarilyreceded a few paces, then suddenly advancing, as if recollecting himself, he gave him his handwith seeming cordiality.Beauman and Alonzo addressed each otherwithmuchseeming cordiality.The natural politeness and civility of the other supplied the place of a more cordial reception.Ten thousand fears at once agitated the bosom of Bonville, while he appeared half frantic with grief and apprehension. Dismay threw a sudden cloud over his under­standing; he was confused in the extreme. He had intercepted all the letters of Theodore; he secretly reproached himself for his treacherous conduct.He now saw the termination of all his hopes. Disap­pointment he could not brook, his pride could never submit to it with any degree of resig­nation, and the bitterness that pervaded his mind, almost bordered on phrenzy.His conscience reproved him for reiterated misre­presenta­tions and calumnies of Theodore, with which he had harrassed the mind of Alida. He knew that a discovery must now be made of his perfidy, and on his return home to the village, he was confined to his room with a sudden illness, succeeded by a dangerous fever.CHAPTER XXXII.Thomson:Seasons: Spring, last 10 linesO, time!rollon thy wheels, and bring around the period, when social joy shall smile before me; when in thevernal day of life,orevening serene, I grow of one dear objectmore and more enamoured;while my remembrance swellswith many a proof ofinterested friendship.As ceaseless round a jarring world theyroll,Still find them happy; and consenting SpringSheds her own rosy garland on their heads:Tilleveningcomes at last,sereneand mild;When after the longvernal day of life,Enamour’d more,as more remembrance swellsWith many a proof ofrecollected love,Together down they sink in social sleep;Together freed, their gentle spirits flyTo scenes where love and bliss immortal reign.The present situation of Albert was happily independent. The prolific soil of the estate, on which he lived, furnished him with an ample abundance. The prospect that surrounded him was inimitably beautiful, and the peculiar advantages of his eligible situation, was the admiration of the stranger who frequented the vicinity, or resorted in the summer season to the neighbouring village.Albert had descended from an ancient family, he had an estate to preserve, but not an entailed one, as was the case with many of his family, at this time in England.NY Weekly:Baron de LovzinskiHe was a gentleman, placid, humane and generous; altogetherunacquainted withthatambition which sacrifices every thing to the desire of fortune,and the superfluous splendourthat follows in her train.He was unacquaintedwith lovetoo,the supreme power of which absorbs and concentrates all our faculties upon one sole object. That age of innocentpleasure, and of confident credulity, whenthe heartisyet a noviceandfollows the impulse of youthful sensibility, and bestows itself unreservedly upon the object of disinterested affection; then, surely, friendship is not a name.How happy, but how fleeting is that time of life, when one isunacquainted with ambition, which sacrifices every thing to the desire of fortuneand the glorythat follows in her train,andwith love, the supreme power of which absorbs and concentres all our faculties upon one sole object! that age of innocentpleasures, and of confident credulity, when the heart,asyet a novice, follows the impulse of youthful sensibility, and bestows itself unreservedly upon the object of disinterested affection! Then, surely, friendship is not avainname!NY Weekly:A Rural PictureAlbert, during his abode in the city, had associated with ladies of rank, beauty and accom­plishments. He was a general favourite among them; he had been flattered, courted and caressed, but none had the power to fix his attention. Since his return to the country, he had been frequently invited to assemble among the artless villagers, decorated in their own native beauty,assisted sometimes for ornamentwith the spoils of Flora.Health, pleasure and naivette, was in the air of these charmers, and all that was pleasing to win his regard and esteem. These scenes of rural pleasure, these social parties, were adapted to his taste. In comparison of which the gay assemblages of the city had been formerly uninteresting; and he had been heard to say, that whenever his mind should become fixed, his choice would be some lady who resided in the country..... led up their artless charmers, in straw hatsadornedwith the spoils of Flora....Although Albert experienced a degree of happiness and contentment unknown to many, in his present situation, yet he sometimes felt himself very lonely.Alida was anxious that her brother should look out for a suitable companion; if he could be fortunateenough to find one that was amiable and sensible, and whose actions should be under the influence of genuine piety; one who would be ambitious to preserve domestic sunshine, by the goodness and equanimity of her disposition; who would have a tear for distress, a heart for friendship and love, exerted in benevolence and charity, and in the mean time have a care to the good order and arrangement of domestic duties and economy.Albert often descanted in conversation with his friends, on the general neglect of female education, which consisted of a few trifling embellishments, while those of the more substantial order were left out of the question. He thought that young ladies generally were not sufficiently learned in the solid branches, to exercise their mental powers to advantage, or to be agreeable, intelligent companions.NY Weekly:Panegyric on Marriage“If it be true,”said he,“that our pleasures are chiefly of a comparative or reflected kind, how supreme must be theirs, who continually reflect on each other the portraitures of happiness, whose amusementsIf it be true, that our pleasures are chiefly of a comparative or reflected kind—How supreme must be theirs, who continually reflect on each other, the portraitures of happiness—whose amusements—“Though varied still, are still the sameIn infinite progression.”“Tho’ varied still—are still the same—in infinite progression.”“How tranquilmust bethe state of that bosom, which has, as it were, a door perpetually open to thereception of joy or departure of pain, by uninterrupted confidence in, and sympathy with, the object of its affection!” “I know of no part of the single life,”said Albert,“more irksome than the privation we feel by it, of any friendly breastwhereinto pour our delights, or from whence to extract an antidote for whatever may chance todistress us.”How tranquilisthe state of that bosom, which has, as it were, a door perpetually open to the reception of joy, or departure of pain, by uninterrupted confidence in, and sympathy with, the object of its affection! I know of no part of the singleor bachelor’s estate,more irksome than the privation we feel by it, of any friendly breastin whichto pour our delights, or from whence to extract an antidote for whatever may chance togive us pain—“The mind of a good manisrather communicative than torpid. If so, how often may apersonof even the best principles, expose himself to very disagreeable sensations, from sentiments inadvertently dropped, or a confidence improperly reposed. What but silence can be recommended, since, in breaking it, so much danger is incurred among thosewho arelittle interested in our welfare? A good heart, it is true, need not fear the exposition of its amiable contents. But, is it always a security for us, that we mean well, when our expressions are liable to be misconstrued by such as appear to lay in wait only to pervert them to some ungenerous purpose?”The mind of a good man,I believe to berather communicative than torpid:—If so, how often may ayouth, of even the best principles, expose himself to very disagreeable sensations, from sentiments inadvertently dropped, or a confidence improperly reposed!—What, but silence, can be recommendedto them;since, in breaking it: so much danger is incurred, among those little interested in our welfare? A good heart, it is true, need not fear the exposition of its amiable contents:—But,alas,is it always a security for us, that we mean well, when our expressions are liable to be misconstrued by such as appear to lie in wait only to pervert them to some ungenerous purpose?“The charms, then, of social life, and the sweets of domestic conversation, arepre-eminent. What more agreeable than theconverseof an intelligent, amiable, interesting friend;andwho more intelligent than a well educated female? What moreengagingthan gentleness and sensibility itself? Orwhat friend more interesting, than one we have selected from the whole world,as acompanion in every vicissitude of life?”The charms, then, of social life, and the sweets of domestic conversation, areno small incitements to the marriage state.—What more agreeable than theconversationof an intelligent, amiable, and interesting friend?Butwho more intelligent than a well-educated female? What moreamiablethan gentleness and sensibility itself? Or what friend more interesting thansuch aoneaswe have selected from the whole world,to be oursteady companion, in every vicissitudeof seasons orof life?“If eitherpartybe versed in music, what a tide of innocent pleasure must it prove, tobe able tosoothe in adversity, to humanize in prosperity, to compose injargon, and to command serenity in every situation? How charming a relaxation from the necessary avocations of businesson the one hand, and the employmentsat home, indomestic affairs,on the other! And as a finale, to chant the praises of the Almighty in hymns of praise and thanksgiving.”If eitherof these partiesbe versed in music, what a tide of innocent delight must it prove,—to soothe in adversity, to humanize in prosperity, to compose innoise, and to command serenity in every situation.... How charming a relaxation from the necessary avocations of business!——“Of business do you say?”—Yes; for I number this too, among the pleasures of the happily married. Let the lady find agreeable employmentat home, inthe domestic oeconomy of her household,but let the gentleman be pursuing by unremitted and honest industry, new comforts for her, for his children, and for himself.Albert had lately made several visits at some distance from home, where he had told his sister, were several young ladies, who were very agreeable. Alida did not think this of any importance, as she knew her brother heretofore had been difficult to please. She was one day rather surprised, when he wished her to accom­pany him thither. She declined the invitation, however, not thinking he wished it for any particular reason.In the course of a few days he pressed her again to go with him. Alida now thought she would accom­pany him, if it was only out of curiosity. When they arrived at the house of Albert’s new acquaintance, several ladies were introduced one after theother, and Alida soon found, that one of them had arrested the attention of her brother particularly. She, however, thought him rather premature, as he had so recently become acquainted with the family. On their return home, he gave her to understand, that his affections were engaged, and in the course of a few months, she was called on to attend their nuptials.The appearance of Eliza was interesting; she was tall and graceful. Her large dark hazel eyes sparkled beneath a beautiful arched eyebrow, and her transparent complexion was shaded and adorned by profuse locks of dark brown hair.In the meantime Albert appeared perfectly happy, that he had at length found a fair one to please him, and shortly after he returned home with his bride, with sanguine expectations before him, anticipating much future happiness.CHAPTER XXXIII.De Vernage“On punit plus severement un ennemi par le mepris et par l’oubli, que par les chatimens les plus rigorieux: c’est, pour ainsi dire, le reduire au néant.”On punit plus sévèrement un ennemi par le mépris et par l’oubli, que par les châtiments les plus rigoureux. C’est pour ainsi dire le réduire au néant....A&M(Alonzo speaking)The disagreeable facts so long in detail, had now taken a new turn for the better, and Theodore and Alida were again in possession of more than former felicity, after their long separation. Alida soon began to recover in some degree her native cheerfulness, soothingthe bosom ofher loverwith hergrief-dispersing smile.The unpleasant fears that had such a length of time harrassed her mind, were now happily terminated by the return of Theodore and the clearing up of all doubts and suspicions concerning him, to the utter confusion of Bonville. All her corroding anxieties were now removed, and recent events had made her happy in comparison to what she was a few weeks before, and her present consolation fully compensated for all the preceding months of unhappiness..... come in all thy native loveliness, and cheerthe bosom ofwretchednessby thygrief dispersing smile!A&MTheodore was again happy in the society of Alida, thepensive sweetnessof her manner, her innate goodness, and amiability,whichhadattracted and secured theearlyaffections of hisheart,.... thatpensive sweetness,those unrivalled virtues and matchless worth, which he found in Melissa, andwhich attracted, fixed,and secured theyoungestaffections of hissoul?......and madeimpressionsthat couldnever be obliterated..... your ingenuous conduct has leftimpressionsin my bosomwhich cannever be obliterated.......Hegave a minute account of all thathadhappened, from the time they had parted untilthey hadmetagain.Alonzo thengaveMelissaa minute account of all that happenedto himfrom the time of their parting ... untilhemetwith her the day before.A&M(Benjamin Franklin speaking to Alonzo)He had visited the merchants in England with whom his father had been concerned in business, and hefound asheexpected, that he had been overreached by swindlers and sharpers. The pretended failure of the merchants with whom he was in company, was all a sham, as, also, the reported loss of the ships in their employ. The merchants had fled to England;hehad them arrested, and theyhadgiven up their effects to much more than the amount of their debts.Hetherefore procured a reversion ofhisfather’s losses, with costs, damages and interests, when legally stated..... I wrote to my correspondent in England, andfound, asIexpected, that he had been overreached by swindlers and sharpers. The pretended failure of the merchants with whom he was in company, was all a sham, as also the reported loss of the ships in their employ. The merchants fled to England;I havehad them arrested, and theyhavegiven up their effects, to much more than the amount of their debts.I havetherefore procured a reversion ofyour father’slosses,which,with costs, damages, and interests, when legally stated,he will receive of my agent in Philadelphia....A&MTheodore then made his next visit to Raymond’s.Hisfriends were joyfully surprised athisarrival.He stayed the night and related a long narrative to his friend. Early next day he proceeded from thence to his father’s house, where he arrived after a considerable journey.Theodorefound his parentsmore happy than he expected.Withabundantjoy they welcomedhimwhom they had given upforlost.Thefriendsof Alonzo and Melissawere joyfully surprised attheirarrival....Alonzofound his parentsin penurious circumstances indeed, his father having, the preceding summer, been too indisposed to manage his little farm with attention, and being unable to hire labourers, his crops had yielded but a scanty supply, and he had been compelled to sell most of his stock to answer pressing demands.Withgreatjoy they welcomedAlonzo,whom they had given upaslost.Theodorethen related to his father all the incidentsthat had happened in England,minutelyparticularizinghisconductwith regard to the merchants with whom his father had been connected,and then presentedhimwith the reversion of the estate.The oldgentlemanfell on his knees, and with tears streaming down his cheeks, offered devout thanks to the great Dispenser of all mercies..... Alonzothen related to his father all the incidentsof his travels,minutely particularizingthe disinterestedconductof Franklin,and then presentedhis fatherwith the reversion of his estate. The oldmanfell on his knees, and, with tears streaming down his withered cheeks, offered devout thanks to the great Dispenser of all mercies.A&M(earlier)In the meantime, the illness of Bonville had increased to an alarming degree. He sent for Theodore. He thought it his duty to attend the summons. When he arrived at the house of Bonville he was shown immediately into his apartment. He was surprised to see himstretched on a mattrass, his visage pale and emaciated, his countenance haggard, his eyes inexpressive andglaring.He held out his hand and feebly beckoned toTheodore,who immediately approachedthe bed-side..... As he passed along the different apartments he was surprised at hearing his name called by a faint voice. He turned to the place from whence it proceeded, and sawstretched on a mattress,a person who appeared on the point of expiring.His visagewaspale and emaciated, his countenance haggardand ghastly,his eyes inexpressive andglazy.He held out hiswitheredhand, and feebly beckoned toAlonzo,who immediately approachedhim....InAlonzo and Melissa, this episode takes place in an English prison hospital. Beauman has had a leg amputated.“You behold me,Theodore,” said he, “on the verge of eternity. I have but a short time to continue in this world.”He evidently appeared to have suffered much from the remembrance of his ungenerous conduct towards Theodore.“... you behold me on the verge of eternity; I have but a short time to continue in this world.”“I have caused much unhappiness between you and your Alida,” said Bonville, “to which you will scarcely think itpossiblethatIwas designedlyaccessory.” He then confessed to Theodore that he had intercepted his letters, and begged his forgiveness.“I could say muchmoreon the subject would my strengthadmit,” said he, “but it is needless.” Here Bonville ceased. Theodore found he wanted rest; medical aidhad beenapplied, but without effect. Theodore then left him, promising to call againnextmorning.“You are unhappy, Alonzo, [said Beauman] in the death of your Melissa, to which it ispossible Ihave been undesignedlyaccessory. I could say much on the subject, would my strengthpermit;but it is needless—she is gone, and I must soon go also....”Here Beauman ceased. Alonzo found he wanted rest:he enquired whether he was in want of any thing to render him more comfortable; Beauman replied he was not; “for the comforts of this life [said he] I have no relish;medical aidisapplied, but without effect.” Alonzo then left him, promising to call againin themorning.He was startled at the confession of Bonville; he felt at first indignant, and meditated what course to pursue. After due reflection, he at length made the decision.Amelia, or the Faithless BritonHis devotions to Alida he did not wonder at.The pride of parental attachmentand naturehad graced her with everycharm andaccom­plishment.He at length determined to cast a veil of pity over the actions of Bonville, and not to upbraid him, but to treat his past conduct with silent contempt, and endeavour as far as possible, to bury the remembrance of his errors in oblivion.....The pride of parental attachment had graced her with every accom­plishmentthat depends upon tuition....A&MHecalledto see himnext morning; he perceived an alarming alteration inhis appearance. He wascold—a chilling sweat stood upon his face, his respiration was short and interrupted, his pulse weak and intermitting. He took the hand ofTheodoreand feeblypressedit.When Alonzocalled the next morning, he perceived an alarming alteration inBeauman. His extremities werecold, a chillingclammysweat stood upon his face, his respiration was short and interrupted, his pulse weak and intermitting. He took the hand ofAlonzo,and feeblypressingit....Hesoon fell into a stupor; sensation became suspended. Sometimes a partial revival would take place, when he would fall into incoherentmuttering, calling on the names of his deceased father,mother, and Alida.Beaumansoon fell into a stupour; sensation became suspended;his eyes rolled up and fixed.Sometimes a partial revival would take place, when he would fall into incoherentmutterings, calling on the names of his deceased father,hismother and Melissa; his voice dying away in imperfect moanings, till his lips continued to move without sound.Towards night he lay silent, and only continued to breathe with difficulty,whena slight convulsion gavehisfreed spirit to the unknown regions of existence.Theodore attended his funeral, and then journeyed on to the dwelling of Albert. He informed Alida of the death of Bonville, and of his confession.Towards night he lay silent, and only continued to breathe with difficulty,tilla slight convulsion gavethefreed spirit to the unknown regions ofimmaterialexistence.Alonzo followed his remains to the grave; a natural stone was placed at its head, on which Alonzo, unobserved, carved the initials of the deceased’s name, with the date of his death, and left him to moulder with his native dust.A&M(later)At the mention of Bonville’s fate,shesigheddeeply. “It is true,” said she, “he has perplexed mewith many vain fears,by misrepresentation, but could he have lived, I would freely have forgiven him.”At the mention of Beauman’s fate,Melissasighed.“Withhowmany vain fears(said she)was I perplexed,lest, by some means he should discover my existence and place of residence, after he, alas! was silent in the tomb!”He evidently fell a victim to disappointed pride and remorse at the remembrance of his own baseness.CHAPTER XXXIV.In the Almighty Power he placed his trust,Through all the changing scenes of deep distress;His fortune now is better than before;Again the Omniscient Hand has deigned to bless.A&MTheodore’s father was soon in complete re-possession of his former property. The premises from which he had been driven by his creditors, were yielded up without difficulty, to which he immediately removed. He not only recovered the principal of the fortune he had lost, but the damages,withthe interest; so that, although like Job, he had seen affliction, like him, his latter days were better thanthebeginning.Alonzo’s father was soon in complete repossession of his former property. The premises from which he had been driven by hisunfeelingcreditors were yielded up without difficulty,andto which he immediately removed. He not only recovered the principal of the fortune he had lost, but the damagesandthe interest; so that, although like Job he had seen affliction, like him his latter days were better thanhisbeginning.Like him, he reposed faith and confidence in his Maker,who had secretly supported himin his misfortunes;andwho now,like a cheering sun dispersing the surrounding gloom, again gladdened his heart with returning peace and prosperity.Weariedofthebusinessof life, he did not again enter intoits affairs,but placing his money at interest in safe hands,helived retired on hisestate.Butwearied with thebustlesof life, he did not again enter intothe mercantile business,but placing his money at interest in safe hands, lived retired on hislittle farm.Power of Religion: Job.... At length, the goodness of that God whom he served, andwho had secretly supported himunder all his sufferings, broke forth upon him with increased energy; and,like a cheering sun dispersing the surrounding gloom, again gladdened his heart with returning peace and prosperity.It was also the decided choice of Theodore and Alida to reside in the country. The calm and serene pleasures of retirement were particularly interestingto both, and they were now supremely blest in each other’s society.The parents of Theodore rejoiced at their present happiness, and took upon themselves the necessary preparations for their nuptials, which were to take place as soon as all was in readiness for this happy event.A&MNo cross purposes stood ready to intervene, todisturb their repose orinterrupt theirtranquil­lity.It wasat that season whennature was arrayed in her richest ornaments, and adorned with her sweetestfragrance. Silk-winged breezesplayedamidst the flowers,andbirdsof every descriptioncarolledtheir songin varying strains.The air was clear and salubrious, and the scene enchanting.....Nocross purposesstood ready to intervenetheir happiness, no determined rival, no obdurate father, no watchful, scowling aunt,to interrupt theirtransports.It wasthe latter end of May;nature was arrayed in her richest ornaments, and adorned with her sweetestperfumes.The sun blended its mild lustre with the landscapes’ lovely green,silk-winged breezesfrolickedamidst the flowers;the springbirds carolled in varying strains....And now, reader of sensibility, indulge the pleasing sensations of thy bosom,at the approaching union of Theodore and Alida.And now, reader of sensibility, indulge the pleasing sensations of thy bosom,for Alonzo and Melissa are MARRIED....To our hero and heroine, the rural charms ofthe country furnisheda source of pleasing variety. Spring, with itsverdantfieldsandflowery meads—summer, with its embowering shades—the fertility ofautumn, with its yellow foliage—winter, with its hollow blasts and snowy mantle, all tended tofill theirbosomswith sensations of pleasing transition.To our hero and heroine, the rural charms oftheir secluded village werea source of ever pleasing variety. Spring, with itsverduredfields, flowery meads,and vocal groves; its vernal gales, purling rills, and its evening whipper-will:Summer, with its embowering shades,reflected in the glassy lake, and the long, pensive, yet sprightly notes of the solitary strawberry-bird; its lightning and its thunder:autumn, withits mellow fruit,its yellow foliageand decaying verdure:winter, with itshoarse roughblasts,its icy beard,and snowy mantle, all tended tothrill,with sensations of pleasing transition,the feelingbosomsof ALONZO and MELISSA.Their religious principles were the same. They were a constant assistance to each other in the fulfilmentof their pious duties, truly endeavouring to follow the life of the Redeemer, who taught by his example and practice, what he required of us. Assiduously cultivating those innate Christian principles and perfections, best calculated to promote the praise and glory of God, and whereby we may obtain the everlasting favour of that ineffable Disposer of all things, in whom we live, and move, and have our being.But soon a mournful shade was thrown over their peaceful tranquil­lity and happy anticipations; and manifest was their grief, when they received the dreadful intelligence that Mr. More had committed suicide. At the news of this rash and sinful action, they were thrown into an abyss of sorrow, the painful remembrance of which, for a long time, threw a dark and melancholy cloud over their felicity.It is to be regretted that a spirit of religion and philosophy had not been more duly exercised in the mind of Mr. More, that at length by patience and resignation, he might have been brought to see how vain and transitory are all these things; and thereby have been led to look for permanent happiness to a nobler source.

Chapters XXIV-XXVII are taken fromTravels in North America(seeSourcessection).Ellipses (....) represent longer omissions, generally two or more full sentences; shorter omissions are retained. In particular,Alidaomits all passages having to do with either American Indians or religious communities. Aside from omitted material, most quotations are verbatim except for changes of person (from “I” or “we” to “Alida” or “the group”).The dramatic date of these chapters is summer 1815, or ten years before Karl Bernhard’s visit. Note in particular the references to the Erie Canal and to the Superintendent of West Point.

Chapters XXIV-XXVII are taken fromTravels in North America(seeSourcessection).

Ellipses (....) represent longer omissions, generally two or more full sentences; shorter omissions are retained. In particular,Alidaomits all passages having to do with either American Indians or religious communities. Aside from omitted material, most quotations are verbatim except for changes of person (from “I” or “we” to “Alida” or “the group”).

The dramatic date of these chapters is summer 1815, or ten years before Karl Bernhard’s visit. Note in particular the references to the Erie Canal and to the Superintendent of West Point.

There she mightreadinnature’spage the wonders ofCreation,almighty power, infinite wisdom and unboundedmight. Theretruths that entertain,reward the searching mind, and onward lead inquiring thought.The curiouswondersstill unfold, and rise upon the view. The mind rejoicing, comments as she reads, and raises still to the Almighty Power increasing homage.

“——————Naturespreads

An open volume; where, in ev’rypage,

Wereadthe wonders of Almighty Pow’r,

Infinite Wisdom, and unboundedLove.

Here sweet instruction,entertaining truths,

Reward the searching mind, and onward lead

Enquiring Thought:new beautiesstill unfold,

Andop’ningwondersrise upon the view.

The Mind, rejoicing, comments as she reads;

While through th’ inspiring page Conviction glows,

And warms to praise her animated pow’rs.”

The summer was past its meridian, and had shed abroad its warmest influences, and enriched the various scenes of nature with the luxuriance and beauty of its foliage. In the meantime, Alida departed again from her father’s house for the city, to join a party composed of gentlemen and matrons, Albert her brother, with several young ladies, who all left the port of New-York for the Falls of Niagara. Her pensive mind became cheered and animated as the gallant steamer left the shores of the city and moved majestically over the smooth face of the Hudson. The morning was extremely beautiful, and she surveyed with a new and alleviating pleasure, the various and extensive prospect of the surrounding country. The scenery on the river at this season surpassed all description, and exhibited a landscape worthy to relate in history. The borders of the river beautifully interspersed with cottages, villages, and large flourishing towns, elegant country-seats,with grounds tastefully laid out, which afforded to the eye of the traveller a novel and enchanting appearance.

They arrivedabout sunsetatthe cityof Albany, andtook lodgings at Cruttenden’s boarding-house, on an eminence near the Capitol or State-house.

.... At the village of Greenbush, near Albany, we crossed the Hudson or North river in a horse-boat, andupon our arrival inthe city took lodgings at Cruttenden’s boarding-house, on an eminence near the capitol or state-house.

This city, whichis situatedonthe right bank of the Hudson, andstandswestward upona rising ground, received its name,when inpossession of the English, in honour of James II., who was the duke of York and Albany.On the following morning they took a walk through the city.In consequence of its vicinity to the Ballston, Saratoga, and New Lebanon Springs,inthe fashionable season the hotel was so full of strangers thatno more could be accommodated.

Albany contains about fifteen thousand inhabitants.Itis situateduponthe right bank of the Hudson, andextendswestward uponan eminence.It was built by the Dutch in 1614, under the name of Fort Orange, andreceived itspresentnameafter it came into thepossession of the English, in honour ofthe afterwards unfortunate KingJames II. who was then duke of York and Albany. Some of the Dutch houses are still standing, and several of the streets retain their original names.

At the tavern we met with a Mr. Jackson, from New York, who had arrived at the same time, and who was accompanied by his sister and his son, Columbus, a sensible lad about ten years of age. Mr. J. is a teacher.In consequence of the vicinity to the Ballston, Saratoga, and New Lebanon springs,andthe fashionable season, the hotel was so full of strangers, thatI was obliged to sleep with Mr. Tromp, in a small chamber....

Albany has received a new impulse, an increase of commerce, and expects to reap the most happy results from the Erie canal, which commences here, and runs a distance of three hundred and sixty-two miles to Lake Erie.The companytook a walk to the new basin, into which the canal empties. It is separated from the Hudson by a dam which runs parallel with the river.

Albany has received a new impulse, an increase of commerce, and expects to reap the most happy results from the Erie Canal, whichhas been lately established, and whichcommences here, and runs a distance of three hundred and sixty-two miles to Lake Erie....We... took a walk to the new basin, into which the canal empties. It is separated from the Hudson by a dam which runs parallel with the river....

...

On the morning of the 14th of Augusttheytook passage on boardofthe Albany, one of the canal packet-boats, for Lake Erie. This canal,whichis three hundred and sixty-two miles in length, witheighty-three locks between the Hudsonriverand Lake Erie, which lies six hundred and eighty-eight feet above the level of the former river.

On the morning of the 14th of August,wetook passage on board the Albany, one of the canal packet-boats, for Lake Erie. This canal.... is three hundred and sixty-two miles in length, with eighty-three locks, between the Hudson and Lake Erie, which lies six hundred and eighty-eight feet above the level of the former river....

The packet-boat took them from thence to Schenectady. It was covered, and contained a spacious cabin. On account of the great number of the locks, the progress of their journey was but slow. The boat was drawn by three horses, that walked upon a narrow path leading along the canal, and beneath the numerous bridges which are thrown over it.

The packet-boat which took us to Schenectady, was seventy feet long, fourteen feet wide, and drew two feet water. It was covered, and contained a spacious cabin, with a kitchen, and was very neatly arranged. On account of the great number of locks, the progress of our journey was but slow:our packet-boat went only at the rate of three miles an hour, being detained at each lock, on an average, four minutes. The locks are fourteen feet wide above the surface, and have a fall from seven to twelve feet.The packet-boat was drawn by three horses, which walked upon a narrow tow-path leading along the canal, and beneath the numerous bridges which are thrown over it....

The distance from Albany to Schenectady by land is only fifteen miles, and persons are enabled to travel it in a very short time inastage coach, but astheywere anxious to see the canal, they preferred going by water twenty-eight miles.

The distance from Albany to Schenectady, by land, is only fifteen miles, and persons are enabled to travel it in a very short time inthestagecoach; but aswewere anxious to see the canal,and get leisure to complete our journals,wepreferred going by water, twenty-eight miles.

The city ofTroy, five miles and a halfaboveAlbany, is pleasantly situated on the left bank of the river, at the foot of several tolerably high mountains, one of which is called Mount Ida.Thereis a branch canal, which has two locks, and establishes a communication with Troy.They soonarrived at a place where therewereno less than nine locks, with an ascent of seventy-eight feet. In front, and to the right of this, is another canal, which unites with the Hudson and the canal from Lake Champlain.

AtTroy, five miles and a halffromAlbany,is the government arsenal, which appears to be a large establishment. As far as this place, the canal runs nearly parallel with the Hudson. Troy, whichis very pleasantly situated on the left bank of the river, at the foot of several tolerably high mountains, one of which is called Mount Ida,appears, if we may be permitted to judge from the large store-houses and the good appearance of the dwellings, to be a wealthy place.Hereis a branch canal which has two locks, and establishes a communication with Troy.Shortly after, wearrived at a place where thereareno less than nine locks, with an ascent of seventy-eight feet. In front, and to the right of this, is another canal, which unites with the Hudson and the canal from Lake Champlain.

At this placetheyleft the Hudson, and directedtheircourse along theMohawk river. Duringtheirride,theyobserved a covered wooden bridge, which extends over the latter river, a short distance from its mouth, and is about six hundred feet in length, supported by fifteen wooden piers.There was a fine view ofthe famous Cohoes Falls of the Mohawk river, seventy-eight feet in height, and about four hundred feet wide. In the spring, when these falls extend over the entire bed of the Mohawk, they are said to be extremely magnificent. Duringthis season ofdry weather, they presented a handsome appearance, though they were very small, the riverbeingalmost completely dried up.

At this placeweleft the Hudson and directedourcourse along the Mohawk river. Duringourrideweobserved a covered wooden bridge, which extends over the latter river, a short distance from its mouth, and is about six hundred feet in length, supported by fifteen wooden piers.Here we sawthe famous Cohoes Falls of the Mohawk river, seventy-eight feet in height and about four hundred feet wide. In the spring, when these falls extend over the entire bed of the Mohawk, they are said to be extremely magnificent; duringthe presentdry weather, they presented averyhandsome appearance, though they were very small. The riverwasalmost completely dried up....

Finding great difficulty in continuing the canal on the right bank of the Mohawk, they were obliged here to carry it to the opposite sideof the riverby means of an aqueduct bridge one thousand one hundred and eighty-eight feet in length. This bridge is supported by twenty-six stone columns, onwhich accountthey have placed a chevaux-de-frieze to keep off the ice in the river. The canal is cut through the rocks almost the whole distance, where it runs along the left bank of the Mohawk, and presents a very handsome appearance.

Finding great difficulty in continuing the canal on the right bank of the Mohawk, they were obliged here to carry it to the opposite side by means of an aqueduct-bridge, one thousand one hundred and eighty-eight feet in length. This bridgeis of wood, andis supported by twenty-six stone columns, onaccount of which, they have placed achevaux-de-frise, to keep off the ice in the riverabout one hundred yards off.... The canal is cut through the rocks, almost the whole distance, where it runs along the left bank of the Mohawk, and presents a very handsome appearance.

Twelve miles further on, it returns again to the right bank of theriver, by a similar aqueduct, supported by sixteen piers. Four miles farther on is Schenectady, wheretheyarrivedafter sunset. Between this town and Albanytheypassed no less than twenty-seven locks.

Twelve miles farther on, it returns again to the right bank of theMohawkby a similar aqueduct,seven hundred and forty-eight feet in length andsupported by sixteen piers.Above this aqueduct, which is also protected by achevaux-de-frise, there is a common wooden bridge thrown over the river, for wagons.Four miles farther on is Schenectady, wherewearrived after sunset. Between this town and Albany,wepassed no less than twenty-seven locks....

At this placetheyleft the packet-boat, and found excellent lodgings at Given’s hotel, which, after the great heattheyhad endured during the day, was exceedingly agreeable. Early on the next morningtheywalked through the town, and visited Union College, which consists of two large buildings situatedata short distance from the town, upon a little eminence. From this buildingthere isa beautiful view of the town and of the Mohawk valley.

At this placeweleft the packet-boat,in order to proceed to Utica next morning in another boat,and found excellent lodgings at Given’s hotel, which, after the great heatwehad endured during the day, was exceedingly agreeable.Its inhabitants are, in part, descendants of the Lower Saxons, and some of them whom I saw at the tavern conversed with me in bad Dutch.Early on the next morningwewalked through the town, and visited Union College, which consists of two large buildings situated a short distance from the town upon a little eminence.It was the time of vacation, and consequently it was perfectly silent. From its decaying appearance, I should judge the college was not in a very prosperous condition.From this buildingyou havea beautiful view of the town, and of the Mohawk valley,which appears here to be well settled. In the town we observed a peculiar windmill, with a horizontal wheel, whose sails, about twenty in number, stand perpendicularly.

Theyleft Schenectady early in the morning on board the packet-boat, which had engaged to takethemto Utica, eighty miles distant, by an early hour the next day. The canal again ran along the well cultivated valley of the Mohawk, and theprospect ofthe country, on account of the foliage of the trees upon the heights, was beautiful.

Weleft Schenectady early in the morning on board the packet-boatSamuel Young, which had engaged to takeusto Utica, eighty miles distant, by an early hour the next day.It was a large boat, and, as the passengers are obliged to spend the night on board, is provided with separate apartments for the ladies.The canal again ran along the well-cultivated valley of the Mohawk, and the country, on account of the foliage of the trees upon the heights was beautiful.

The village of Amsterdam consists of a few neat houses. The canal is carried over two rivers, called Schoharie, Canajoharie, from which it receives the most of its water. At this place the horses were conveyed to the opposite side of the two rivers by means of a ferry-boat. At the first ferry is a small village, called Fort Hunter, whereat the time ofthe revolution there had been a fort, or rather a redoubt of the same name. Towardseveningtheypassed through a valley, which is formed by two rocky mountains.

The village of Amsterdam consists of a few neat houses; and opposite, on the right bank of the Mohawk, is Rotterdam. On our way we passed several small aqueducts, the longest of which rest only upon three piers, and extend over small brooks, which, as well as the small rivulets, are distinguished by the Indian appellation of “creek.”The canal is carried over two rivers, called SchoharieandCanajohariecreeks, from which it receives the most of its water. At this place the horses are conveyed to the opposite side of the two rivers by means of ferryboats. At the first ferry is a small village, called Fort Hunter, where,beforethe revolution, there had been a fort, or rather a redoubt of the same name. Towards eveningwepassed through a valley, which is formed by two rocky mountains,one of which is called Anthony’s Nose. The houses we saw on our route, had generally a handsome appearance; to-day and yesterday I observed also some saw-mills.

There aretwentylocks between Schenectady and Utica. The day was intolerably warm, andthecompany verymuch oppressed by the heat,but in the evening fortunatelythere wasa thunder-shower, which cooled the air.Theypassedoveran aqueduct bridgeduring the night, which stands over a solace called Little Falls.

There aretwenty-sixlocks between Schenectady and Utica. The day was intolerably warm, andourcompanywasverynumerous. I confined myself to writing, the whole day, as much as possible;but,in consequence of the heat, I could not avoid sleeping.In the eveningwefortunatelyhada thunder-storm, which cooled the air....During the nightwepassed an aqueduct bridge, which stands over a solace, called Little Falls.

Towards morningtheypassed through a well-cultivated region called German Flats, which was settled by some Germans during the time of Queen Anne. At aboutten o’clock theyarrived at Utica, which is intersected by the canal,andis alarge, flourishing town.

Towards morningwepassed through a well-cultivated region,with some neat houses,called German flats,andwhich was settled by some Germans during the time of Queen Anne. At abouttwelve o’clock at noon wearrived at Utica,nine miles from the place where we passed a lock, which is the last that occurs in the next seventy miles. The land appeared to be marshy, and consisted of sand and pebbles.

Utica, which is intersected by the canal, is a flourishing town,of about four thousand inhabitants....

In fact it is only here that a person begins to admire the great improvements in cultivation, and gets perfectly new ideas of the works of man and of his enterprising genius. Utica, on the right bank of the Mohawk, has two banksandfour churches. It has also several taverns, the largest of which called Shepherd’s hotel, they found excellent accommo­dations.There were besides manylarge and convenient stores, a bookstore, and printing office. The number of travellers this summerwereunusually great, especially from the southern states.

In fact, it is only here that a person begins to admire the great improvements in cultivation, and gets perfectly new ideas of the works of man, and of his enterprising genius! Utica, on the right bank of the Mohawk, has two banks, four churches,an academy, andlarge and convenient stores, a bookstore, and printing-office. It has also severalale-houses, and three finetaverns,atthe largest of which, called Shepherd’s hotel, we found excellent accommo­dations.In this house there are always more than seventy beds for the accommodation of strangers; and these, on some occasions, are barely sufficient.The number of travellers this summer,is said to have beenunusually great, especially from the southern states....

When first beside the lake thy turrets rose,

Extending far around in simple pride,

A novel beauty o’er the landscape throws,

Where gentle waters softly murmuring glide.

At Uticathe gentlemenhired a stage to visit the Falls of Trenton, distant fourteen miles.They were accom­panied in this route by a number ofpassengers from New-York and North Carolina.Theycrossed the Mohawk upon a covered wooden bridge. After thistheroad gradually ascended to a forest, which was in part cleared for new fields. At alittledistance from the falls is a tavern,where theyleft the carriage, and went on foot through thick woods, from which a pair of stairsconductedto the falls.

At Utica,seven of usfor nine dollarshired a stage to visit the Falls of Trenton, distant fourteen miles.Ourpassengerswere partlyfrom New York, andpartly from the state ofNorth Carolina.Wecrossed the Mohawk upon a covered wooden bridge,built in a bad and awkward manner, on which I observed an advertisement, “that all persons who pass this bridge on horseback or wagon faster than a walk, shall be fined one dollar.”After this,ourroad gradually ascended to a forest, which was,however,in part cleared for new fields.The timber is so much neglected here, that they will very probably feel the want of it in less than fifty years.At ashortdistance from the falls of West Canada Creek is anewtavern,which is situated in a lately cleared forest, and is built entirely of wood.At this tavern weleft the carriage, and went on foot through thick woods, from which a pair of stairsconductto the falls....

Thebeautiful mass of greenaround, the azure sky, the large and variegated rocks, and the three falls, produce a most happy effect. The rocksofthese falls are so excavated by the water, that they have the form of a common kettle. The upper falls, which are about ninety feet high, are the grandest.They dinedat the tavern, and towards evening returned to Utica.

Thisbeautiful mass of green, the azure sky, the large and variegated rocks, and the three falls, produce a most happy effect. The rocksatthese falls,which, on account of the great heat, scarcely extended over half the river,are so excavated by the water, that they have the form of a common kettle. The upper falls, which are about ninety feet high, are the grandest....At the tavern where we had put up,we found a tolerably good dinner, and towards evening returned to Utica.

The day was fine and pleasant.Theyregretted that it was too late, upontheirreturnthither, to visita hydrostatic lock designed to weigh the boats which pass on the canal.

The day was fine and pleasant.The thunder-storm of yesterday, had done some good.Iregretted that it was too late uponourreturnto Utica, to visit a hydrostatic lock, designed to weigh the boats which pass on the canal.

Having seen enough of the canal, and being anxious to see the newly-settled country between this place and Niagara,they continued theirjourney the next day in the stage coach. With this intentiontheyleft Utica at four o’clock in the morning, and the same day arrived at Auburn, distant seventy-three miles.They passed through twelvevillageson their route fromUticatoAuburn.

Having seen enough of the canal, and being anxious to see the newly-settled country between this place and Niagara,we determined to continue ourjourneyonthe next day in the stage-coach. With this intentionweleft Utica at 4 o’clock in the morningof the 17th of August, and the same day arrived at Auburn, distant seventy-three miles....ThevillagesbetweenUticaandAuburnwere New Hartford, four miles, Manchester, five miles, Vernon, eight miles, Oneida, five miles, Lenox, four miles, Sullivan, eight miles, Manlius, six miles, Jamesville, five miles, Onandago Hollow, five miles, Onandago Hill, two miles, Marcellus, eight miles, and Skeneatelass, six miles.

Between Manchester and Vernon day dawned, andtheyfoundthemselvesin a rather wild country, in the midst of a wilderness.

Between Manchester and Vernon day dawned, andwefoundourselvesin a rather wild country, in the midst of a wilderness.

BehindthevillageofOneida, the road led along a considerable hill, from whichtheyhad a beautiful view of Oneida lake, which presented the appearance of a large stream. Herethere werea number of extensive prospects, which, however, asthere wasbut little cultivated land and few houses,wererather uniform.

Oneidais an Indian settlement, and....

Behindthisvillage the road led along a considerable hill, from whichwehad a beautiful view of Oneida Lake, which presented the appearance of a large stream. Hereyou havea number of extensive prospects, which, however, asyou seebut little cultivated land and few houses,israther uniform.

Somethingfurther on,after they had left Oneida,they came toa small lake, called Salt Lake, which is in the midst of a forest, and has on its banks three picturesquely situated towns, Liverpool, Salina, and Syracuse. At Salina are rich salt springs, the water of which is collected in reservoirs, and it is evaporated by the heat of the sun to procure the salt. Beyond Sullivantheypassed through the village of Chitteningo. A branch of the Erie canalforms a kind of harbour at this place.

Farther onwe sawa small lake called Salt Lake, which is in the midst of a forest, and has on its banks three picturesquely situated towns, Liverpool, Salina, and Syracuse. At Salina are rich salt springs, the water of which is collected in reservoirs, and it is evaporated by the heat of the sun to procure the salt. Beyond Sullivanwepassed through the village of Chitteningo.It contains several mills, a cotton factory, anda branch of the Erie Canal,whichforms a kind of harbour,and serves as a landing place for articles manufactured here, and for the plaster and lime which are procured in the neighbourhood. This lime becomes hard under water, so that it is excellently adapted to waterworks.

Theydined at Manlius, a new village. From the canal, which forms an angle here,theydrove in a southerly direction in order to keep on the plains. The two Onondago villages are pleasant places.

Wedined at Manlius, a new village.... From the canal which forms an angle here,wedrove in a southerly direction, in order to keep on the plains,as the main road, which is nearer, leads over a hill.The two Onondago villagesappear to be flourishing manufacturing places, andare pleasantly situated.

Beyond Marcellus the night unfortunately closed in, which preventedtheirseeing Skaneateles Lake, as well as the town of the same name. About nine o’clock in the eveningtheyarrived at Auburn, and found good accommodations at one of the public houses.

Beyond Marcellus the night unfortunately closed in, which preventedme fromseeing Skeneatelass Lake, as well as the town of the same name,which is said to be extremely pleasantly situated on one of its banks.About nine o’clock in the eveningwearrived at Auburn, and found good accommodations at one of the public houses.

At four o’clock next morningtheyagainset out in the stage coach for Rochester, distant sixty-nine miles.

This town contains upwards of one hundred and fifty houses, a court-house and penitentiary, which is said to be managed in a very excellent manner. To my regret I saw none of them; forat four o’clockthenext morning,18th of August,weset out in the stage-coach for Rochester, distant sixty-nine miles....

It was just day-light whentheyarrived in the vicinity of Cayuga, on the lake of the same name. This lake empties into the Seneca river, which afterwards unites with the Mohawk.Theycrossed the lake, not far from its mouth, on a wooden bridge one mile in length.

It was just daylight aswearrived in the vicinity of Cayuga, on the lake of the same name,which is about twenty miles long, and from one to three wide.This lake empties into the Seneca river, which afterwards unites with the Mohawk.Wecrossed the lake not far from its mouth, on a wooden bridge, one mile in length,eighteen yards wide, and built in a very rough and careless manner: the planks are loose and thechevaux-de-friseis in a bad condition.

On the opposite side of the lake is a large toll-house. At a short distance from thistheyarrived at Seneca Falls, so called in consequence of the little falls of the Seneca river, which are close by, and are chiefly formed by a mill-dam.

On the opposite side of the lake is a large toll-house. At a short distance from thiswearrived at Seneca Falls, so called in consequence of the little falls of the Seneca river, which are close by, and are chiefly formed by a mill-dam.At the tavern we met an Indian and his wife....

Beyond Waterloo the road in some placeswasmade of logs, so thatthe passengerswere very disagreeably jolted. Geneva is situated at the north point of Seneca Lake. The townderives its name from its similarity of situation to Geneva in Switzerland. The Franklin hotel, situated on the bank of the lake, is both spacious and beautiful.

....The countrybeyond Waterloowasboggy, andthe road in some places made oflargelogs, so thatwewere very disagreeably jolted. Geneva is situated at the north point of Seneca Lake,which is between fifty and sixty miles long and about five wide.The town derives its name from its similarity of situation to Geneva in Switzerland.It is also quite new, and contains about four thousand inhabitants. It has two churches and several large stone and brick houses, of whichthe Franklin Hotel, situated on the bank of the lake, isthemost spacious and beautiful....

Canandaigua, which lies on the north point of the lake of the same name, is an extremely pleasant town. The court was sitting here, and there was a large collection of people, so that the town exhibited a very lively appearance.

Canandaigua, which lies on the north point of the lake of the same name,which is about twenty miles long,is an extremelybeautiful andpleasant town,that has been but lately settled....The court was sitting, and there was a large collection of people, so that the town exhibited a very lively appearance.

At this place the road separates, the left goes through Batavia and several small villages to Buffalo on Lake Erie; the right to Rochester, and thence to Lake Ontario and the Falls of Niagara. And as this road again approaches the Erie canal, itwassaid to be the most interesting; on this accountit was giventhe preference, though the longest route.

At this place the road separates, the left goes through Batavia and several small villages to Buffalo on Lake Erie; the right, to Rochester, and thence to Lake Ontario and the Falls of Niagara: and as this road again approaches the Erie canal, itissaid to be the most interesting. On this accountwe gave itthe preference, although the longest route.

Theyleft Canandaigua in the afternoon, and rode through Victor, Mendon, and Pittsford, to Rochester.

Weleft Canandaigua in the afternoon, and rode through Victor, Mendon, and Pittsford, to Rochester.On this route we observed nothing particularly interesting....

Theyarrived at Rochester at half-past eight o’clock in the evening, and took lodgings at the Eagle tavern.Theycrossed the Genessee river, which divides Rochester into two parts, on a wooden bridge built firmly and properly,andthe next morning walked through the town.

Wearrived at Rochester at half past eight o’clock in the evening, and took lodgings at the Eagle Tavern.Wecrossed the Genesee river, which divides Rochester into two parts, on a wooden bridge,the first that we had hitherto met in the United States that wasbuilt firmly and properly.It rests upon stone piers, and is made of solid beams, with thick and well fastened planks.The next morningwewalked through the town,and were pleased with its rapid increase. In 1812, there was not a single house here; nothing but a wilderness; and the land could be purchased at one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre.

Several hundred yards below the bridge the Genessee river is about two hundred yards wide, and has a fall of ninety-five feet. Above the falls is a race which conducts the water to several mills,and it again flowsupinto the river below the falls, where it forms three beautiful cascades.

Rochester is one of the most flourishing towns in the state of New-York.

At present,Rochester is one of the most flourishing towns in the state of New York.... Several hundred yards below the bridge the Genesee river is about two hundred yards wide, and has a fall of ninety-five feet,which at present, however, did not appear to much advantage.Above the falls is a race which conducts the water to several mills, and it again flows into the river below the falls, where it forms three beautiful cascades,which reminded me of the Villa di Macen, at Tivoli.

Atthis placethe Erie canal is carried over the Genessee river by a stone aqueduct bridge. This aqueduct, which is about onehundredyards above theGenesseeFalls, rests upon a slate rock, and is seven hundred and eighty feet long.

AtRochesterthe Erie canal is carried over the Genesee river by a stone aqueduct bridge,and resembles that of the Bridgewater canal at Manchester, in England.This aqueduct, which is about onethousandyards above the falls, rests upon abase ofslate rock, and is seven hundred and eighty feet long....

The partynowleft Rochester at nine o’clock,and wenton board the canal packet-boat Ohio. The canal, between Lockport and Rochester, runsthedistance of sixty-three miles through a tolerably level country, and north of the Rochester ridge. This ridge consists of a series of rocks, which form the chain of mountains which commences north of Lake Erie, stretches eastward to the Niagara river, confines it, and forms its falls; then continues its course, and forms the different falls which are north of Lake Ontario, and is at length lost in the neighbourhood of the Hudson.

Weleft Rochester at nine o’clock, on board the canal packet-boat Ohio,Captain Storch.The canal, between Lockport and Rochester, runsadistance of sixty-three miles, through a tolerably level country, and north of the Rochester ridge. This ridge consists of a series of rocks, which form the chain of the mountains which commences north of Lake Erie, stretches eastward to the Niagara river, confines it, and forms its falls, then continues its course, and forms the different falls which are north of Lake Ontario, and is at length lost in the neighbourhood of the Hudson.

The canalruns a distancethrough sombre forests,whentheyreached Lockport on the 20th of August, aboutseveno’clock in the morning.

It has only been within the last year that this part ofthe canalhas been passable; its course isthrough dense sombre forests....

Wereached Lockport on the 20th of August, about7o’clock in the morning.

At this place the canal is carried over the ridge by five large locks, through which the water is raised to the height of seventy-six feet. The locks are ten in number, being arranged in twoparallel rows, so that while the boats ascend in one row, they may descend at the same time in the other.

At this place the canal is carried over the ridge by five large locks, through which the water is raised to the height of seventy-six feet. The locks are ten in number, being arranged in two parallel rows, so that while the boats ascend in one row, they may descend at the same time in the other.Through this arrangement the navigation is greatly facilitated, and the whole work, hewn through and surrounded by large rocks, presents an imposing aspect.

Lockport is an extremelypleasantplace, and is situated just above the locks.

Lockport,to which we repaired, while the boat was left in the basin at the foot of the locks,is an extremelyinterestingplace, and is situated just above the locks....

At Lockporttheytook a dearborn for Buffalo, wheretheywere anxious to go, in order to see the union of the canal with Lake Erie. Though a good stage runs between Lockport and the Falls of Niagara,theywent in this bad vehicle five miles to the navigable part of the canal.They then took passage in a boat atCottensburgh. At this place also, the canal is cut through a rock to the depth of about thirty feet. About two or three miles farther on it terminates in the Tonawanta creek, which serves as a canal for twelve miles.

At Lockportwetook a dearborn for Buffalo, wherewewere anxious to go, in order to see the union of the canal with Lake Erie. Though a good stage runs between Lockport and the Falls of Niagara,wewent in this bad vehicle five miles, to the navigable part of the canal....The village where we went on board, is calledCottensburgh,and is quite a new settlement.At this place also the canal is cut through rocks to the depth of about thirty feet. About two or three miles farther on, it terminates in the Tonnawanta Creek, which serves as a canal for twelve miles....

The creek is about fifty yards wide, and runs through a dense and beautiful forest.

The creekitselfis about fifty yards wide, and runs through a dense and beautiful forest,which has never been touched by the axe, except along the canal, where they have been obliged to make a tow-path....

Atthe new town of Tonawanta, the creek unites with the Niagara river, where the sluice leads off. At this place alsoAlida and her companyhad the first view of the Niagara river, which conveys the waters of Lake Erie into Lake Ontario, from the other extremity of which flows the St. Lawrence. Inthisrivertheyobserved Grand Island.

.... not far from this junction was the site forthe new town of Tonnawanta.A few small houses and a saw-mill were already erected; the inhabitants appeared also to suffer much from the intermittent fever. HeretheTonnawantaCreek, unites with the Niagara, where the sluice whichwehave just mentioned leads off. At this place alsowehad the first view of the Niagara river, which conveys the waters of Lake Erie into Lake Ontario, from the other extremity of which flows the St. Lawrence. Intheriverweobserved Grand Island....

During the late war, the Niagara, it is well known, formed the boundary line betweenthe United Statesand the British provincesinUpper Canada, and this island bore testimony of the conflict.

during the late warbetween England and the United States, the Niagara, it is well known, formed the boundary line betweenthemand the British provincesofUpper Canada, and this island bore testimony of thebloodyconflict.

From war’s dread ravages again is seen,

A spacious town, and Buffalo the name,

Now rising from its ashes, spreads around.

Various new structures fill the empty ground.

From Tonawanta to Buffalo is eight miles, five of whichtheytravelled on the canalwhichruns along the bank of the Niagarariveras far as Black Rock.

From this place, the canalruns along the bank of the Niagara,from which it is separated only by a small bank, built rather carelessly, and several feet above the level of the river, which is already somewhat rapid on account of its vicinity to the falls. On the Tonnawanta Creek we saw several canoes which were made by excavating the trunks of trees.From Tonnawanta to Buffaloitis eight miles, five of whichwetravelled on the canal as far as Black Rock....

Buffalo was burnt during the late war by the British, but itappeared to be already risingfrom its ashes with increased beauty.

Buffalo was burnt during the late war, by the British, but ithas arisenfrom its ashes with increased beauty.

Thistown willsoon become an important place,in consequence of its situation near the mouth of the canal, and its harbour.

Thetowncontains about five thousand inhabitants, andwill, in consequence of its situation near the mouth of the canaland its harbour, at which they are hard at work,soon become an important place.

At the entrance of the harbour is a light-house, and on the lakewere seena number of well-built vessels.A steam-boat called the Superior was ready to run with fifty passengers to Erie, and thence to Detroit.

At the entrance of the harbour is a light-house, and on the lakewe observedseveral schooners of about three hundred tons.A steam-boat, called the Superior, was ready to start with fifty passengers to Erie, and thence to Detroit.In the streets, we saw some tolerably well-dressed Indians of the Seneca tribe, who have their wigwam three miles distant. Amongst them were several women, who indeed, but for their complexion, might have been considered handsome.

There wasan amusing military spectacle. It consisted of a military parade, consisting of thirty men, including seven officers and two cornets. They were formed like a battalion into six divisions and performed a number of manoeuvres.

We also hadan amusing military spectacle. It consisted of a militia parade, consisting of thirty men, including seven officers and two cornets. They were formed, like a battalion, into six divisions, and performed a number of manoeuvres....

On the following day, 21st August,the companyleft Buffalo for the small village of Manchester, twenty-three miles distant, and situated on the right bank of the Niagara, near the falls. As far as the village of Tonawanta, the road passes along the canal.

On the following day, 21stofAugust,weleft Buffalo for the small village of Manchester, twenty-three miles distant, and situated on the right bank of the Niagara, near the falls. As far as the village of Tonnawanta the road passed along the canal.

It was in a very bad condition, cut through the forest, and the trees thrown on the road side. On the lefttheyhad a view of the river and Grand Island. The river is more than a mile wide below the island.

It was in a very bad condition, cut through the forest, andno pains have been taken to removethe trees,which arethrown on the road side,and the most beautiful trunks are permitted to spoil in a pitiable manner.On the leftwehad a view of the river and of Grand-Island,thickly studded with timber.The river is more than one mile wide below the island.

On the Canada side is the village of Chippewa. From this place, a distance of three miles,theycould already see the rising vapours of the falls. The water, however, indicated no signs of the approach to the precipice. It is only a short distance from Manchester, where you perceive the lofty trees on Goat Island, with its heights situated in the midst of the falls, that the river becomes rocky, and the rapids commence; these form a number of small falls, which are nearly a mile long and the same in breadth, running as far as where the two great falls are separated by Goat Island.

On the Canada side is the village of Chippewa. From this place, a distance of three miles,wecould already see the rising vapours of the falls. The water, however, indicated no signs of the approach to the precipice. It is only a short distance from Manchester, where you perceive the lofty trees on Goat-Island with its heights, situated in the midst of the falls, that the river becomes rocky, and the rapids commence; these form a number of small falls, which are nearly a mile long and the same in breadth, running as far as where the two great falls are separated by Goat-Island.

At Manchestertheytook lodgings at the Eagle Tavern, and hastened immediately to the Falls;theirsteps were guided bythemighty roaring. In a few minutesAlida and her companystood near the precipice, and saw beforethemthe immense mass of water which rushes with a tremendous noise into the frightful abyss below. It is impossibleto describe the scene, and the pen is too feeble to delineate the simultaneous feelings ofourinsignificanceon the one hand, with those ofgrandeurand sublimity on the other,which agitate the human breast at the sight of this stupendous work of nature,which rivals that of all other countries, in grandeur, beauty and magnificence.We can only gaze, admire and adore. The rocks on both sides are perpendicular, but there is a wooden staircase which leads to the bed of the river.

At Manchester,wetook lodgings at the Eagle Tavern, and hastened immediately to the Falls:oursteps were guided bytheirmighty roaring. In a few momentswestood near the precipice, and saw beforeusthe immense mass of water which rushes with a tremendous noise into the frightful abyss below. It is impossible to describe the scene, and the pen is too feeble to delineate the simultaneons feelings of insignificenceandgrandeur which agitate the human breast at the sight of this stupendous work of nature! We can only gaze, admire, and adore. The rocks on both sides are perpendicular, but there is a wooden staircase which leads to the bed of the river.

Theydescended, but in conse­quence of the drizzly rain which is produced by the foam of the water,theyhad by no means so fine a prospect from below astheyanticipated. On this account, therefore,theysoonagainascended and satisfiedthemselvesby looking from above upon this sublime and majestic sight. Astheyreturned, full of these mighty impressions, to the Eagle Tavern,theyfound totheirgreat joy a fine opportunityto speakof the grandeur and magnificencetheyhad just beheld.There was another partyjust arrivedfrom New-York,to render homage to this great natural curiosity.

Wedescended, but in conse­quence of the drizzly rain which is produced by the foam of the water,wehad by no means so fine a prospect from below asweanticipated. On this account, therefore,wesoon ascended and satisfiedourselvesby looking from above upon this sublime and majestic sight. Aswereturned, full of these mighty impressions, to the Eagle Tavernwefound toourgreat joy a fine opportunityof speakingof the grandeur and magnificencewehad just beheld.Lieutenants De Goer and Van Vloten, of the Pallas, hadjust arrived to render homage to this great natural curiosity.

In company with these gentlemenand ladies,theytook a walk to Goat-Island, by a convenient wooden bridge, thrown over the rapids about seven years since. The first bridge leads to a small island called Bath-Island, which contains a bath-house;the second to Goat-Island, which is about one mile in circumference, and overgrown with old and beautiful trees.

In company with these gentlemenwetook a walk to Goat-Island, by a convenient wooden bridge, thrown over the rapids about seven years since. The first bridge leads to a small island called Bath-Island, which contains a bath-houseand billiard-room:the second to Goat-Island, which is about one mile in circumference, and overgrown with old and beautiful trees.The Indians who formerly resided in this part of the country....

On Bath-Island a person may approach so near the American falls as to look into the abyss below. From the foot of the falls you can see nothing of the abyss, inasmuch as every thing is concealed by the smoke and vapour. On Goat-Island a person may in the same manner approach the Canadian falls in the centre of which is a semi-circular hollow, called the Horse-shoe, and here the noise is still more tremendous than on the other side. The vapour which rises from the Horse-shoe, forms a thick mist, which may be seen at a great distance.

On Bath-Island a person may approach so neartothe American falls as to look into the abyss below.The animals in the neighbourhood are so careless of this, that the cows and horses go into the river to drink within five yards of the brink of the precipice.From the foot of the falls you can see nothing of the abyss, inasmuch as every thing is concealed by the foam and vapour. On Goat-Island a person may in the same manner approach the Canadian falls, in the centre of which is a semicircular hollow, called the Horse-shoe, and here the noise is still more tremendous than on the other side. The vapour which rises from the Horse-shoe forms a thick mist, which may be seen at a great distance.

To look into the Horse-shoe is awful and horrible. Nor can this be done but at the instant when the vapour is somewhat dissipated. You stand like a petrified being. The level of Lake Erie is said to be five hundred and sixty-four feet above that of the sea, and three hundred and thirty-four feet above the waters of Lake Ontario. Lake Ontario is consequently two hundred and thirty feet above the level of the sea. From Lake Erie to the rapids the water has a fall of fifteen feet, in the rapids fifty-seven feet, and according to a recent measurement, the falls on the American side are one-hundred and sixty-two feet high. From this place toLewistown the river has a fall of one hundred and four feet, and thence to Lake Ontario, of two feet.

To look into the Horse-shoe is awful and horrible. Nor can this be done but at the instant when the vapour is somewhat dissipated. You stand like a petrified being. The level of Lake Erie is said to be five hundred and sixty-four feet above that of the sea, and three hundred and thirty-four feet above the waters of Lake Ontario. Lake Ontario is consequently two hundred and thirty feet above the level of the sea. From Lake Erie to the rapids the water has a fall of fifteen feet, in the rapids fifty-seven feet, and according to a recent measurement, the falls on the American side are one hundred and sixty-two feet high. From this place to Lewistown the river has a fall of one hundred and four feet, and thence to Lake Ontario, of two feet.

The next morningtheymade another visit to Goat Island.Theyafterwards descended the stairs to the river, whichtheycrossed in a small boat, at a short distance from both falls. The bed of the river is said to be here two hundred and forty-six feet deep. The current passes beneath the surface of the water, and does not again become visible till after a distance of three miles. On the Canada side you have a much better view of the falls than on the American, for you see both falls at the same time. There is on the Canada side a covered wooden staircase, whichtheyascended, and approached the falls, amidst a constant drizzling caused by the falling water.

The next morning,22d of August,wemade another visit to Goat-Island.Weafterwards descended the stairs to the river, whichwecrossed in a small boat, at a short distance from both falls. The bed of the river is said to be here two hundred and forty-six feet deep. The current passes beneath the surface of the water, and does not again become visible till after a distance of three miles. On the Canada side you have a much better view of the falls than on the American, for you see both falls at the same time. There is on the Canada side a covered wooden staircase, whichweascended, and approached the falls, amidst a constant drizzling caused by the falling water.

The sun threw his rays upon the thick mist and formed a beautiful rainbow. Another winding stair-case leads down the rocks near the falls, under which you may walk to the distance of one hundred and twenty feet; several of the gentlemen went in, but according to their report, they could not see any thing.They werecontented, therefore, to behold the falls from Table rock, which almost overhangs them. A part of this rock gave way several years ago and fell down the precipice, and the remaining part is so much undermined by the water, that it will probably soon follow. The whole distancefrom the American to the British shore is fourteen hundred yards, of which three hundred and eighty belong to the American falls, three hundred and thirty to Goat-Island, and seven hundred to the Canada or Horse-shoe falls.

The sun threw his rays upon the thick mist and formed a beautiful rainbow. Another winding staircase leads down the rocks near the falls, under which you may walk to the distance of one hundred and twenty feet; several of the gentlemenpresentwent in, but according to their report they could not see any thing.I wascontented therefore to behold the falls from Table rock, which almost overhangs them. A part of this rock gave way several years ago and fell down the precipice, and the remaining part is so much undermined by the water that it will probably soon follow. The whole distance from the American to the British shore is fourteen hundred yards, of which three hundred and eighty belong to the American falls, three hundred and thirty to Goat-Island, and seven hundred yards to the Canada or Horse-shoe falls.

On the British side, opposite to the falls, are two taverns, in the larger of which, Forsyth’s Hotel,theytook lodgings until the next day. During the late war a bridge was thrown over the river about one mile above this tavern, which, together with a mill, was burnt by the Americans on their retreat from the battle of Lundy’s Lane.

On the British side, opposite to the falls are two taverns, in the larger of which, Forsyth’s Hotel,wetook lodgings until the next day,when we intended to pay a visit to the governor of Upper Canada, Sir Peregrine Maitland, who resides at his country seat within a few miles of the falls.During the late war a bridge was thrown over the river about one mile above this tavern, which, together with a mill, was burnt by the Americans on their retreat from the battle of Lundy’s Lane.

A few years ago a burning spring was discovered here. It is surrounded by a cask, and contains cold water of a blackish appearance, and of a sulphurous taste. Within this cask is a small vessel which has a pipe attheupper end. If a lighted candle be held within a foot of the mouth of this pipe, it will instantly produce a strong flame, similar to a gas-light.

A few years ago a burning spring was discovered here,several of which are said to occur in different parts of the United States.It is surrounded by a cask, and containsacold water of a blackish, slimy appearance, and of a sulphurous taste. Within this cask is a small vessel whichis open at the bottom, andhas a pipe atitsupper end. If a lighted candle be held within a foot of the mouth of this pipe, it will instantly produce a strong flame, similar to a gas-light.If the vessel be taken out, and the candle be held over the surface of the water, it will produce the same effect, but the flame will soon disappear.

In the neighbourhood of Forsyth’s Hotel is the only point from which you have a full view of both falls at the same time, which, however, is often interrupted by the ascending vapour.

In the neighbourhood of Forsyth’s Hotel is the only point from which you have a full view of both falls at the same time, which, however, is often interrupted by the ascending vapour.

Ontheirreturn to the American shore,theyexamined a camera obscura, which is situated at the head of the American stair-case, and was built by a Swiss. This gives a tolerably good view of thefalls. Afterwardstheytook a ride to the Whirlpool, which is three miles down the Niagara, and is formed by a kind of rocky basin where the river runs between narrow rocky banks. It is singular to see this confusion of water, whose appearance cannot be better described than by comparing it with the flowing of melted lead. The lofty rocks which form the banks of the river, are beautifully covered with wood, and present a stately, majestic appearance. In the eveningtheyagain went to Goat-Island in order to view the falls by bright moonlight; in this light they produce a peculiarly beautiful effect, which is greatly heightened by a moon-rainbow.

Onourreturn to the American shore,weexamined a camera obscura which is situated at the head of the American staircase, and was built by a Swiss. This gives a tolerably good view of the falls. Afterwardswetook a ride to the Whirlpool, which is three miles down the Niagara, and is formed by a kind of rocky basin where the river runs between narrow rocky banks. It is singular to see this confusion of the water, whose appearance cannot be better described than by comparing it with the flowing of melted lead. The lofty rocks which form the banks of this river, are beautifully covered with wood and present a stately, majestic appearance. In the eveningIagain went to Goat-Island in order to view the falls by bright moonlight: in this light they produce a very peculiarly beautiful effect, which is greatly heightened by a moon-rainbow.

The following dayboth partieswent to the other side of the river, and took lodgings at Forsyth’s Hotel.

The following day,23d August, all our company departed; my friend Tromp and myself alone remained. Wewent to the other side of the river, and took lodgings at Forsyth’s Hotel....

High on Hyria’s rock my muse repose,

While I wild nature’s direful scenes disclose,

Nor let wing’d Fancy’s bold creative aid,

Paint beyond truth what nature’s God has made;

Inspir’d by him let every flowing line,

Describ’d correctly, through the numbers shine.

Fed by a thousand springs and purling rills,

Ocean’s internal, the wild torrent fills.

Lakes Michigan, Superior, there we see,

Concent’ring Huron’s flood with proud Erie:

The awful stream its wond’rous course began,

Roll’d the rich flood before the date of man.

From Buffalo to Chippewa bends its course,

Full eighteen miles, with calm and rapid force,

By Grand Isle passes, where its stream divides,

Whose circling course, majestic, downward glides.

Meets then again a verdant island long,

Gathers the weeping brook, and swells more strong,

Widening the swift high-mounted torrent flies

Like lightning bursting from the thund’ring skies.

The time-worn cliffs, retiring to their source,

Shews countless ages it has run its course.

The Schlosser fall eight hundred ninety-two

Will count the feet how broad this current grew.

Two thousand with two hundred crescent line

Will the full breadth of Horse-Shoe Fall define.

The little fall, with width of seventy-three,

Will tell whence Neptune feeds his hungry sea.

Tumbling one hundred sixty feet, they all

Make one loud groaning in Niagara Fall.

Thick hov’ring mists in mountain vapours rise,

Bright colour’d rainbows gild the azure skies.

The dazzled eye, fill’d with the novel blaze

Beholds, astonished, their refracted rays.

Nor ends the awful scene, till down the view,

Through the dark gulf, these boiling floods pursue.

Their course ’tween mountain rocks, which form the shore,

Through which, tremendous raging billows roar.

Until they form a bay, where tide-worn trees,

In conflicts wild rage round the whirlpool seas:

Huge splintered logs here twisting round and round,

With many a turn before they quit the ground;

At length escaping from the circling tide,

Side-long slide off, and with a bouncing glide,

Head-long adown through rapid streams are toss’d,

Until in wide Ontario’s lake are lost.

Neptune thus roused leaves now the wat’ry plain,

To seek the source from whence he holds his reign.

Full in the view of this tremendous scene,

Adjacent here, a table rock is seen;

Where love-sick swains in clambering groups repair,

Conducting tim’rous nymphs with anxious care:

’Dew’d with the spray, thewild’redeye surveys,

The rushing waters shout their Maker’s praise.

Revolving years have since rolled on apace,

Since patriots here, convened to form we’re told,

The school to train the military band,

And Putnam’s fortress still we may behold.

Theseason wasnowfar advanced. Alida and her brother felt uneasy at being so long separated from their father. The rest of the party were anxious again to see their friends in the city. After tarrying a few days at Forsyth’s Hotel, they determined to proceed on their way back again toNew-York without delay.

As theseason wassofar advanced, I wished to reachNew-York without delay.

Theytherefore concluded to travel soon, and visit Lake Champlain to its southern extremity, then to Saratoga, Albany, taking the Catskill mountains by the way, and inspecting the famous military school of West Point.

Wetherefore concluded to travel soon, and visit Lake Champlain to its southern extremity, then to Saratoga, Albany,and further down the Hudson to New York,taking the Catskill mountains by the way, and inspecting the famous military school of West Point....

...

The greatest breadth of Lake Champlain, which contains several large islands, is six miles. The shore on the right, belonging to the state of New-York, is low and covered with trees; the other belongs to Vermont, and is more mountainous. As night approached,theywere prevented from beholding this beautiful part of the country;andwerealso, with regret, prevented from seeing the battle-groundof Plattsburgh, at which town the vessel made a short stay during the night,and then proceeded toBurlington, in Vermont, and towards morning passedbythe ruins of Fort Crown Point, which lie on a hill.

The greatest breadth of Lake Champlain, which contains several large islands, is six miles. The shore onourright, belonging to the state of New York, is low and covered with trees; the other belongs to Vermont, and is more mountainous. As night approached,wewere prevented from enjoying this beautiful part of the country;I wasalso with regret prevented from seeing the battle ground of Plattsburgh, at which town the vessel made a short stay during the night.Some American custom-house officers came on board, without, however, inquiring after our baggage, and this was a new and not disagreeable circumstance.

The same night we stopped atBurlington in Vermont, andthe Grymes’ family left us here to go to Boston. I expected to meet this interesting family again in New York in fourteen days.Towards morningwepassed the ruins of Fort Crownpoint, which lie on a hill.

At this place the Lake is very narrow, and resembles a river. The shores are generally covered with bushes and pine trees, are hilly, and afford a pleasing prospect.

At this place the lake is very narrow and resembles a river. The shores are generally covered with bushes and pine trees, are hilly, and afford a pleasing prospect....

...

They now pursued their journey as far asLake George,and arrived atthe village of Caldwell.The shoresof the Lakeare very hilly, the heights are all covered with trees, and are not above eight hundred feet high. There are several islands in the lake, generally covered with wood,andthe sceneryaroundis very handsome.The level of the lake is about three hundred feet higher than that of Lake Champlain. The stream which flows from the former into the latter lake, forms, in its course, a succession of small cascades.

From Ticonderoga we went in a stage three miles further toLake George,through a very hilly country.The level of this lake is about three hundred feet higher than that of Lake Champlain; the stream which flows from the former into the latter lake, forms a succession of small cascades,and turns several saw-mills. We arrived at the northern point of Lake George, and entered the steam-boat Mountaineer, which was ready to depart; it was ninety feet long with a machine of sixteen horse-power.

Lake George resembles the Scottish lakes. It is thirty-six miles long, and never more than five miles broad.The shores are very hilly, the heights are all covered with trees, and are not,as it seems to me,above eight hundred feet high. There are several islands in the lake, generally covered with wood.... The scenery is very handsome....At the southern extremity, however, liesthe village of Caldwell,founded about twenty years ago, which, besides a very good and large inn, where we took lodgings, contains several neat houses....

Theyleft Caldwell at eight o’clock the next day, in two inconvenient carriages, and passed through a very uninteresting, deep, sandy road, in a hillypart of thecountry, covered with thorny trees, ontheirroute to Saratoga Springs, to which the whole fashionable world of the United States repair in summer,andthe fashionables have here the samemania which prevails in other countries, to visit the baths in summer, whether sick or well. The distance is twenty-seven miles. Ontheirpassagewas seenbut one interesting object, the Hudson falls, which rivertheyhad left at Albany, and reached again nine miles from Caldwell, coming from the west.

Weleft Caldwell at eight o’clock the next day,September 11,in two inconvenient carriages, and passed through a very uninteresting, deep, sandy road, in a hilly country, covered with thorny trees, onourroute to Saratoga springs, to which the whole fashionable world of the United States repairs in summer,forthe fashionables have here the same mania which prevails in other countries, to visit the baths in summer, whether sick or well. The distance is twenty-seven miles. Onourpassage,we sawbut one interesting object—the Hudson falls, which riverwehad left at Albany, and reached again nine miles from Caldwell, coming from the west.

These falls are, however, under the name of Glenn’s Falls. A village of the same name is built in their vicinity, on the rocky shores of the river. The principal fall is forty feet high.

These falls are known under the name of Glenn’s Falls. A village of the same name is built in their vicinity, on the rocky shores of the river....A single rock, on which, also, a saw-mill stands, divides into two parts,the principal fall,whichis forty feet high.But there are, both above and below the principal falls, a number of smaller falls, which we could approach with ease, as the water was very low.

These falls are not to be numbered among the largest, but among the handsomestin the United States. A constant mist arises from them, and, as the sun shone very brilliantly, several rainbowswere seenat the same time. In the rock, as at Niagara,weresome remarkable and deep cavities.

These falls are notindeedto be numbered among the largest, but among the handsomestfalls which I have seen. A constant mist arises from them, and, as the sun shone very brilliantly,we sawseveral rainbows at the same time. In the rock, as at Niagara,we observedsome remarkable and deep cavities....

At the base of the small island which divides the chief fall into two parts, a remarkable cave appears below the falls, leading to the other side of the rock. The Hudson is partly navigable above Glenn’s Falls, and two miles farther up, feeds a navigable canal, with thirteen locks, which runs seven miles north of the Hudson, andtherejoins Champlain canal.

At the base of the small island, which divides the chief fall into two parts, a remarkable cave appears below the falls, leading to the other side of the rock.... The Hudson is partly navigable above Glenn’s Falls, and two miles further up, feeds a navigable canal, with thirteen locks, which runs seven miles north of the Hudson, andthenjoins Champlain canal.

The partyarrived at Saratoga at two o’clock in the afternoon, and stopped at Congress Hall. The greater part of the company had already departed,amongthose whoremained was the governor of the state of New-York.They wereintroduced to his Excellency.The gentlemen conversed with him freely, and found him intelligible and refined, and scientific in his conversation.

Wearrived at Saratoga at two o’clock in the afternoon, and stopped at Congress Hall. The greater part of the company had already departed,so that but forty personsremained;amongthesewas the governor of the state of New York,the celebrated De Witt Clinton.I wasimmediatelyintroduced to his excellency,and very well received by this great statesman.

In the evening the company assemble in the large hall in the lower story, and passawaythe time in music, dancing or conversation,where they witness all the politeness, refinement, and hospitality that characterize the Americans.

.... In the evening the company assembles in the large halls in the lower story,at this season, alas! by the fire,and pass the time in music, dancing, or conversation....

Thewatersofthe different springsaregenerally drank, but baths are also erected. High Rock spring flows from a white conical lime-stone rock, five feet high. The water is seeninthisspringin constant agitation. So much fixed air escapes from it, that an animal held over it, as in the Grotto del Cane, near Naples, cannot live above half a minute.

The different springs,which do not lie far from each other in a swampy ground in the same valley, are called Hamilton, Congress, Columbia, Flat Rock, Munroe, High Rock, President, and Red Spring.Thewater isgenerally drank, but baths are also erected. High Rock Spring flows from a white conical limestone rock, five feet high,in which there is a round aperture above, about nine inches in diameter, through whichthe waterinthespringis seen in a state of constant agitation. So much fixed air escapes from it, that an animal held over it, as in the Grotto del Cane, near Naples, cannot live above half a minute....

In a few daystheyleft Saratoga Springs, in a convenient stage, to go to Albany, thirty-six miles distant.Theypassed through a disagreeable and sandy country. The uniformity was, however, very pleasingly interrupted by Saratoga Lake, which is eight miles long.

The governor had the kindness to give me some letters for New York, and a letter of introduction to the Shakers of New Lebanon. Furnished with these,weleft Saratoga Springs,September 12th, at 9 o’clock,in a convenient stage to go to Albany, thirty-six miles distant.Wepassed through a disagreeable and sandy country. The uniformity was, however, very pleasingly interrupted by Saratoga lake, which is eight miles long....

...

At the small town of Waterfordtheypassed along the left shore of the Hudson on a long wooden bridge, to avoid a bad bridge over the Mohawk.Theyproceeded ontheirroute in the night on avery good road, and passed through Lansingburgh and Troy. The latter is very handsomely built, and many stores were very well lighted up in the evening. Heretheyreturned to the right shore of the Hudson, and reached Albany atteno’clock at night.

At the small town of Waterfordwepassed along the left shore of the Hudson on a long wooden bridge, to avoid a bad bridge over the Mohawk.Weproceeded onourroute in the night on a very good road, and passed through Lansingburg and Troy. The latter is very handsomely built, and many stores are very well lighted up in the evening. Herewereturned to the right shore of the Hudson, and reached Albany at10o’clock at night.

...

At eight o’clock next morning they took passage on board the steam-boat, to go down the river as far as the town of Catskill, at the foot of Pine Orchard. The company ascended the mountain, which is twelve miles high, in stages. They reached Pine Orchard a little before sunset. The building on the mountain for the accommodation of visiters, is a splendid establishment. Alida was truly delighted with the landscape it presented in miniature; where large farms appeared like garden spots, and the Hudson a rivulet, and where sometimes the clouds were seen floating beneath the eye of the spectator.

This paragraph does not appear inTravels in North America.

The next morningtheyagaintookthe steam-boatat Catskill to go toHudson, twenty-seven and a half miles from Albany, whichtheyreached about noon.This cityappearsvery handsome and lively.

At ten o’clockwe embarked on boardthe steam-boatRichmond. The banks of the Hudson are very handsome, and here and there well cultivated. From Albany to New York it is one hundred and forty-four miles, and to West Point ninety-six.Hudson,a placetwenty-seven and a half miles from Albany, whichwereached at noon,seems to bevery handsome and lively.We remarked in the harbour several sloops, and on shore some brick stores, five stories high.

On the opposite side of the river is Athens, between which and Hudson there seems to be much communi­cation kept up by a team-boat. A very low island in the middle of the stream between the two places, rendered this communi­cation somewhat difficultat first, as vessels were obliged to make a great circuit. To avoid this incon­venience, a canal was cut through the island, through which the team-boat now passes with ease and rapidity.

On the opposite side of the river lies Athens, between which and Hudson there seems to be much communi­cation kept up by a team-boat. A very low island in the middle of the stream between the two places rendered this communi­cation somewhat difficult at first, as vessels were obliged to make a great circuit. To avoid this incon­venience, a canal was cut through the island, through which the team-boat now passes with ease and rapidity.

This place affords a very fine view of the lofty Catskill mountains.Theyleft the city of Hudson in the afternoon, andarrived at West Pointateleven o’clock at night,on the right side of the Hudson, and landed at a wharf furnished with a sentry-box. An artillerist stood sentinel.

This place affords a very fine view of the lofty Catskill Mountains.

Abouteleven o’clock at nightwearrived at West Point, on the right side of the Hudson, and landed at a wharf furnished with a sentry-box. An artillerist, who stood sentinel, examined us.I afterwards discovered that this rule was made on account of the visits which the cadets receive.

Theywere obliged to ascend a somewhat steep road in order to reach the house which is prepared for the reception of strangers. The building belongs to the government, and is designed for the mess-room of the officers and cadets. The purveyor for this table is bound by contract withthegovernment to keep several chambers with beds in order for the reception of the relations of the cadets.

Wewere obliged to ascend a somewhat steep road in order to reach the house, which is prepared for the reception of strangers.A small but very clean room was prepared for us.The building belongs to the government, and is designed for the mess-room of the officers and cadets. The purveyor for this table is bound by contract with government to keep several chambers with beds in order, for the reception of the relations of the cadets,and thus a kind of inn arose.

The morning aftertheirarrival,the gentlemenpaid an early visit to lieutenant-colonel Thayer, superintendent of the military school, and were received in a very friendly manner. Hehadpresided over this schoolseveralyears. Colonel Thayer has entirely remodelled this institution,and very much improved it.

The morning afterourarrivalwepaid an early visit to lieutenant-colonel Thayer, superintendent of the military school, and were received in a very friendly manner. Hehaspresided over this schooleightyears.It was founded in 1802, during the presidency of Jefferson.Colonel Thayer has entirely remodelled this institution.During his travels in Europe he visited the French military schools, and has endeavoured to make this resemble the polytechnic school. But he will find it difficult to equal this once celebrated school, as with the best will in the world he cannot find in this country such excellent professors as were assembled in that institution.

The cadets, whose number may amount to two hundred and fifty, are divided into four classes forthe purposes of instruction. They are received between the ages of fourteen and twenty, and must undergo an examination before they enter.

The cadets, whose number may amount to two hundred and fifty,but at the last examination consisted of two hundred and twenty-one,are divided into four classes for the purposes of instruction. They are received between the ages of fourteen and twenty, undergo an examination before they enter....

Instruction is communicated gratuitously to the cadets, each of whom receives monthly eight dollars from government as wages.

Instruction is communicated gratuitously to the cadets, each of whom receives monthly eight dollars from government as wages.

A public examination of the cadets takes place every year at the end of June, by a commission appointed by the Secretary of War. This commission consists of staff officers from the army and navy, members of Congress, governors of states, learned men and other distinguished citizens. After this examination, the best among those who have finished their course are appointed as officers in the army.

A public examination of the cadets takes place every year at the end of June, by a commission, appointed by the secretary of war. This commission consists of staff-officers from the army and navy, members of congress, governors of states, learned men, and other distinguished citizens. After this examination, the best among those who have finished their course are appointed as officers in the army....

...

The cadets live in two large massive buildings, three stories high,and are dividedintofour companies.

.... The cadetsare dividedinfour companies, andlive in two large massive buildings, three stories high....

...

The institution possesses four principal buildings. The two largest serve as barracks for the cadets, a third contains the mess-room, and the fourth the church.

The institution possesses four principal buildings. The two largest serve as barracks for the cadets, a third contains the messroomand inn,and the fourth the church,chemical laboratory, library, and the hall for drawing, in which are some of the best drawings of the cadets....

A large level space, consisting of several acres, lies in front of the buildings, forming a peninsula, and commanding the navigation of the Hudson, above which it is elevated one hundred and eighty-eight feet. Towards the river it is surroundedbysteep rocks, so that it is difficult to ascend, unless by the usual way.

A large level space, consisting of several acres, lies in front of the buildings, forming a peninsula and commanding the navigation of the Hudson, above which it is elevated one hundred and eighty-eight feet. Towards the river it is surroundedwithsteep rocks, so that it would be difficult to ascend, unless by the usual way....

...

....A band of music, paid by the government, belongs exclusively to them, and is said to afford the best military music in the United States.Every one has his taste....

...

The partynowascended the rocky mountain on whichare to be seenthe ruins of Fort Putnam.Theway led through a handsome forest of oak, beech, chestnut and walnut trees. The fortoccupyingthe summit of the mountain, was erected in an indented form, of strong granite, and is altogether inaccessible on the side next the enemy. It had but a single entrance, with very strong casemates. It was built on private propertyduring the revolution; the owner of the ground claimed it, and government were obliged to restore it. The government afterwards acquired the ground on which West Point stands, as well as the adjoining heights.

Notwithstanding my injured side,Iascended the rocky mountain on which the ruins of Fort Putnamlie.Myway led through a handsome forest of oak, beech, chesnut, and walnut trees. The fortoccupiedthe summit of the mountain, was erected in an indented form, of strong granite, and is altogether inaccessible on the side next the enemy. It had but a single entrance, with very strong casemates,and two small powder-magazines.It was builtduring the revolutionon private property; the owner of the ground claimed it, and government were obliged to restore itto him, after which he destroyed the fort.The government afterwards acquired the ground on which West Point stands, as well as the adjoining heights....

A very fine viewone may havefrom Fort Putnam of the plains of West Point and of the Hudsonriver. The view to the north is particularly handsome, in which direction Newburgh, lying on the river, is seen in the back ground.

A very fine viewis enjoyedfrom Fort Putnam of the plain of West Point, and of the Hudson,which here calls to mind the high banks of the Rhine.The view to the north is particularly handsome, in which direction Newburgh, lying on the river, is seen in the back ground.We saw nothing of the Catskill mountains.

...

A band of music, paid by the government, belongs exclusively to the cadets, and is said to afford the best military music in the United States.

The party generally regretted leavingthis agreeable place,where they had been highly gratifiedduring their short stay.They took passageon board the steamboat Consti­tution, boundto New-York, sixty miles distant.

I was very sorrythat we were obliged on the third day after our arrivalto leavethis agreeable place,which had so extremely pleased me; but I was obliged to goto New Yorkat last!...

Travels(Baltimore chapter)

....We wenton board the steam-boat Constitution.

They were now again on their way to one of themost flourishing citiesin the United States, which attractsa great part of thecommerce of theAmerican nation.Theycame into the vicinityabout sunset,and ateight o’clock in the eveningtheylandedin New-York.

....After sundown wecame into the vicinityof New York, the largest cityin the United States, which attractsnearly the wholecommerce of thecountry,and now already numbers one hundred and seventy thousand inhabitants.Welandedabouteight o’clock in the evening....

Leaving their friends in the city, Albert and his sister took passage in a stage coach next morning, and journeyed in a short time as far as the village of ——, and from thence proceeded on to the residence of their father.

Ah! now again all my sensations move to see a parent, and I sigh once more to meet the kind caresses of a father—and weeks seem ages in this separation.

Thefeelingsof Alidawere those of boundless joyto meet again her parents, after an absence from them which appeared long to her.

Her firstfeelings were those of boundless joy....

She was grieved to find her father had suffered much from indisposition during her absence. She endeavoured in vain, by every soothing attention, to recall him again to health and happiness. His malady increased daily, and he becamea prey to infirmities, which atlengthconfined him to his room.

Lord Dunreath had long beena prey to infirmities, which atthis period generallyconfined him to his room....

The gladsome sensations of Albert were changed soon to those of melancholy, when he saw that his father was affected with a serious illness, and dejection supplied the place of more happy and animated feelings.

Alida, for several weeks, scarce left the apartment. One morning she perceived that he hadalteredvery materiallyfor the worse. It was only at intervals he could converse withher, andthenhis conversation was calculated togiveher fortitude and resignation, and prepare hermindfor anapproaching melancholy event,which,whenever she receivedthe leasthint of, hergriefwas inexpressible.

Her father was considerablyaltered for the worse, and unable to rise, except for a few minutes in the evening, to have his bed made. He complained of no pain or sickness, but seemed sinking beneath an easy and gradual decay.It was only at intervals he could converse withhis daughter.His conversation wasthencalculated tostrengthenher fortitude and resignation, and prepare her for an approaching melancholy event. Whenever she receivedahint ofit,heragonywas inexpressible....

Her father observed her emotion. “Alida, my dear child,” said he, “do not be alarmed, as I appear much worse than I am in reality at present;” but she had drawn these words from the physician that morning, that his malady had increased greatly since the day before. Perceiving a visible change in his appearance, she scarcely left the room ofher fathertill a late hour, when he,perceivingher almostfaintingwith fatigue, requested her to retire to rest. Albert supplied the place of his sister, and remained with his father, while the affectionate care of his only surviving son was grateful to the bosom of a fond parent.

... her fatherwho sawherill, andalmostsinkingwith fatigue, requested her to retire to rest....

The slumbers of Alida were broken, and fearing to leave her father too long, she arose very early next morning to attend him. He was evidently much worse next day, which wasSunday, andintimated that he wished all the family sent for.He then requested Alida to read some passages in the bible, as was his daily custom.

It was nowSunday, andhe desired the service of the day to be read. A small bible lay on the table before him, and Amanda complied with his desire.In the first lesson were these words:

“‘Leave thy fatherless children to me and I will be their father,’ what words ofconsolationare these,”said he,“what transport do they convey to the heart of a parent, burthened with anxiety. Yes,divineDisposer,” he exclaimed,“I will, with grateful joy, commit my children to thykindcareand protection.”

“Leave thy fatherless children to me, and I will be their father.”The tears gushed from Fitzalan; he laid his hand, which appeared convulsed with agitation, on the book. “Oh!what words ofcomfort,” cried he, “are these; what transport do they convey to the heart of a parent burthened with anxiety! Yes,merciful PowerI will, with grateful joy, commit my children to thy care,for thou art the friend who wilt never forsake them.”

When the physician made his morning visit, as he was going to take leave, Alida asked his opinion. He shook his head, and seemed to give no hopes of recovery.

Her father requested her to be seated by the bedside. “My child,” said he, “I wish to discourse a little with you. And could I again see Theodore, how gladly would I now receive him.I have deeply injuredhim,” said he, “and my child too; andhave inflicted a wound still deeper in my own bosom.I have often considered his piety and worth. His moral character was all that it should be. Superfluous wealth is not necessary to ensure earthly felicity, but a competency and contentment therewith, is all that is necessary to happiness.”

“I haveinjured (said he) my young friend,deeply injuredyou, but in doing this Ihave inflicted a wound still deeper in my own bosom.”

“Do not renew your sorrows, dear father,” said Alida, “what is past is beyond recall. Let usconfide in a just over-ruling Providence, that disposes all material events for the wisest purposes.” Her tears flowed in abundance, as her looks rested upon the visage of her father, and deep distress was depicted in her countenance.

He had been accustomed for years, toconfide in a just over-ruling Providence....

“My dear child,” said her father, “weep not for me, think that rest must now be acceptable totheweary traveller, whose hopes are centred in theRedeemer, (as the only name under Heaven, whereby we can be saved,) and can leave the world in the joyful anticipation of receiving those inestimable blessings, in a life to come, which the Gospel promises to every true believer.”

He had scarcely uttered these words, when he sunk almost senseless upon his pillow. The greater part of the family now assembled round him. The physician came and gave no hopes of recovery. He faithfully watched over him the whole evening and a part of the night, and about twelve o’clock his family had the sorrow and misfortune to witness the distressful and trying scene. Their father was no more.

The distress, fatigue and agitation of Alida, could no longer be borne with, and for many weeks she was confined to her room. The loss of her parent and the terminating scene, had left her in deep affliction: all repose seemed fled forever, and bitter anguish had succeeded, and taken up its residence in her bosom. Reflections rose in her mind continually, that her situation had been heretofore comparatively happy, to what it at present afforded. An illness of short duration had suddenly deprived her of a very dear father, and she now felt herself a lonely, dejected orphan.

my Amanda,weep nottoo bitterlyfor me;like aweary traveller,think that rest must now be acceptableto me.

Could I trace back the time, a distant date, since my ancestors traversed these fields, and held possession of this wide domain.

The melancholy event had taken place, and Albert had lost his father. His heavy and heartfelt affliction could not at this time be alleviated, and his mind was involved in gloom and sadness, which he endeavoured in vain to dissipate.

He was now deprived of the kind hand of a parent, who had used his endeavours to lead him in the way he should go, from his infancy: and assisted him with a kindly advice, and supplied him with a timely experience, and in the wisdom of whose salutary council, he could now no longer repose.

He felt himself deprived of this kind assistant, whose precepts had been his guide ever since the first dawning irradiations of reason had began to appear, to enlighten his mind, and with the eye of vigilance watched over him, endeavouring to trace out his good or evil propensities, and to point to the particular advantages on the one hand, and the baneful effects on the other, and to train his ideas to whatever was most commend­able, and praiseworthy.

Albert had ever evinced a disposition pleasing toparental hopes and wishes, and flattering to a fond father’s most sanguine anticipations. He was ever cheerful in complying with whatever he considered his duty, and conformable to the will of his interested parent.

He now revolved in his mind, and reflected what had heretofore been his particular wishes.It had long been the wish of his parent, that he should close his business in New-York, and settle himself on the paternal estate.He, therefore, was diligent in his endeavours to do this, as soon as his spirits would in any wise allow him to attend to these affairs, and at the commence­ment of the ensuing spring, he happily terminated his business in the city, and returned to the country.

He had imparted to his son his wish for him to close and settle his mercantile affairs in the city,(as the times were dreary,)and return to the paternal estate.

Alidapage 153(chapter XX)

He had long wished him to close his affairs of business in the city, and settle himself on the paternal estate.

The remembrance of his father for a long interval of time was in every object around and about the mansion, in which he was established, and reminded him of his bereavement, and he was affected with sorrowful meditations, and a borrowed serenity was manifested in his appearance.

He reflected on his present condition,—he would say,how desultoryis thehappinessof man, he lays plans of permanent felicity, when the whirlwind of affliction arrives, and destroys the towering edifice of creative hope, and hisschemesof contentment are changed to disappointment and wo.

How desultoryare theschemesof man, he lays plans of permanent felicity, when the whirlwind of affliction arrives, and destroys the towering edifice of creative hope.

He had taken possession of the paternal estate, which had for some years been the wish of his father. Like him he was fond ofrural pleasures and amusements, andto dissipatecare amid the diversifiedscenes of rustic life, afforded him satisfaction and pleasure.

The mind of its owner took particular delight inrural pleasures and amusements; indissipatinga part of his time in the innocentscenes of rustic life, and in attending to the cultivation of his estate, which was large and extensive.

To contemplate the inimitable works of Creation,wasto himno less pleasing than instructive.Where so manyobjectsarrest the attention, andafford abundance ofentertainment, equally calculated to raise in thehuman breastthe most unfeigned offerings of wonder, gratitude and praiseto the great Dispenser of benefits to mankind, andthe Author of universal existence.

Nature presents to the imagination an inexhausted fund of rational amusement.To contemplate the inimitable works of creation,is no less instructive than pleasing.Animate as well as inanimateobjects affordanabundance ofentertaining ideas, equally calculated to raise in thesouls of human beingsthe most unfeigned offerings of wonder, gratitude, and praise.The gaiety of spring, the smiles of summer, the secundity of autumn, and the dreariness of winter, all combine to celebratethe Author of universal existence.

Themagnificenceof the celestial, and the curiosity and variety of the vegetable world,thathave properties which, if accuratelyseen, yield inconceivable astonishment tothe eye ofthe beholder,

....Themagnificentand wonderful objectsof the celestial, and the curiosity and variety of the vegetable world,as well as the formation of all animals, reptiles, insects, and other productions of Nature,have properties which, if accuratelyviewed, yield inconceivable astonishment to the beholder.

andconfessalikethe happy influence of the Deity.Itcharmsin all the genialwarmth andsoftness of spring,

.... In a word, the whole reignconfessedthe happy influences of the Deity,andcharmedin all the genial softness of the spring.

whenthe earthteems with a matchless splendour, when its green hues and universal verdure come forth in all their pristine elegance and enchanting attractions, whichconstantlyaffordedthe contemplative mind of Albert,aninexhaustiblevariety ofentertaining anduseful lessons.

When spring, for example, returns with all it’s native beauties, as succeeding the gloomy aspect and forbidding horrors of winter;whenitteems with a matchless splendourand magnificence;when its green hues and universal verdure come forth in all their pristine elegance, and enchanting attractions.... whichwouldaffordhimanendlessvariety of usefuland instructivelessons....

In the meantime his new station in life called himto new responsibilities, and a new field of action, unknown to him before, presented itself, wherein he must act in many different capacities. Hewasnaturallyof a domestic turnof mind, and had alwaysdeclined entering intothe constant routine ofengagements,to which themostpart of the fashionable world, more or less, subject themselves. He avoided all excess and extravagance, in every respect, in which people of this description lose the greater part of their time. He was extremely fond of walking, as he considered gentle exercise the best medicine of life, and he passed much of his time in strolling over the fields or in the forest glen, amid the green wood shade, wrapped up in solitary reflection.

.... but his grace, whowas of a domestic turn,and averse from the vanities of high life,declined entering intoanyengagementwhich might subject him to the impertinence, folly, and etiquette,to which themajorpart of the fashionable worldseem to abound, either as servile imitators, or involuntary slaves....

When the sun wasgildingthe western hemisphere, and the day shone in all the mildness of the season,enveloped inserious thought andreverie,Albertwalked forth among the surrounding shades. “Happy, ye freeborn sons of Columbia,”said he,“liberty and plentynowbless your domestic retirements,—War, devastation and wide-wasting rapine have fled your peaceful shores.Nodreadof destruction to disturb your uninterrupted tranquil­lity; the exercise of laudable industry can again bring home to each family competency and repose.”

Phoebus had immersed his flaming forehead in the Western main—smoothly glided the wild zephyrs....enveloped ina pleasingreverie,Iwalked forth amongst the surrounding shades. ——“Happy, ye freeborn sons of Columbia,”exclaimed I, “liberty and plenty bless your domestic retirements; war, devastation, and wide-wasting rapine have fledfrom your peaceful shores—no murderous assassin, or night prowling incendiary, carries the hidden dagger of slaughter, ordreadtorchof destruction to disturb your uninterrupted tranquility....

The clear cerulean sky added asoftbeauty to the adjacentlandscapes,as helistlesslywandered alongthe beach. The idle murmuring of the waves upon the sandy shore, the confused gabbling of thewaterfowl,and thenearview of the full-spread vessel majestically advancing over the white-capped billows,that advanced and receded in gentle monotony,tended to soothe thelone bosom to calmness andquietude.

.... When we sailed gently down the harbour,the clear ceruleanof thesky added asofterbeauty to the adjacent landscapes.... whenlistlesslywandering ontherockybeach, the idle murmuring of the waves upon the sandy shore, the confused gabbling of thesea fowl,and thedistantview of the “full spread vessel majestically advancing over the white cap’d billows,” tended to sooth thesorrows of humanity, and lull the mind toquietude.

The day ended, andcalmevening drew on. The silver rays of the full-orbed moon shed a majesty on each surrounding object.The sceneappeared in solemn grandeur; the dusky forest reflected a yellow radiance; and the rolling wonders of theheavensglittered overthe head,while awful stillness reigned, interrupted only by the strains of thenight-bird, whose melodious notesserved tosoothethe heartto harmony.

The day ended, andstillevening drew on.Then did nature appear in silent magnificence; whilethe silver rays of the full orbed moon shed a majesty on each surrounding object.The lofty summit of the cloud-topt mountainappeared in solemn grandeur; the dusky forest reflected a yellow radiance; and the rolling wonders of theskiesglittered overour heads:whiletheawful stillnessthatreigned, interrupted only by the lonely strains of thewhip-poor-will,served toexalt the soul, and distendthe heart.

Albert returned home with a leisurely step, his feelings were raised in devotional gratitude to that beneficent Being, on whom we depend for everypresent and future felicity,and who had surrounded us with so many blessings, that conspire to compose the mind to calmness and serenity.

Indeed, true piety is an invaluable treasure; and happy are they who esteem its salutary tendency. It meliorates the morals and disposition, and promotespresent and future felicity.

Ceux qui ne sont gens de bien qu’en apparence—sont obligés de se contraindre, beaucoup, et de garder de grandes mesures, afin de passer pour se qu’ils ne sont pas.

Ceux qui ne sont gens de bien qu’en aparence, sont obligez de se contraindre beaucoup, & de garder de grandes mesures, afin de passer pour ce qu’ils ne sont pas....

Alida ruminated on her lonely situation. She reflected onformer days, and themanyhappyhoursthat had gone by for ever, whenthe roses ofhealthhad arrayed hercheeks, and gay thought had filled her fancy,and every object was decked with the charms of fascination,when herheartwasunacquainted with sorrow, andexperienced serenity and happinesswithout alloy.

.... To review the transactions offormer days, themanysportivehourswhich have long been past.... ’Twas thenhealthand beauty bloomed upon thecheek, and every object was decked with the charms of fascination.’Twas then theheartignorant of vice andunacquainted with sorrowor misfortune,enjoyed every pleasurewithout alloy.....

She deplored the loss of a kind father; in him she was deprived of a friend, who could never be again supplied to her, and in whose societyher mindwasin a constant progressive state of improvement.

.... She who dedicates a portion of her leisure to useful reading, feelsher mind in a constant progressive state of improvement....

His filial affection, his kindness, his watchful endeavours for her welfare, were evinced by a careful anxiety and pains to enlighten her mind with those qualities and acquirements, that would be most conducive to enlarge her sphere of usefulness in life, and furnish her with the means of rational pleasure, andto blend with her personal appearancethe more fascinating charms of a well-improved understanding.

.... Maria, who has only completed fourteen,to a beautiful countenance, joinsthe more fascinating charms of a well-improved understanding....

She mourned his loss at a residence where every object recalled him continually to her remembrance. She was wholly absorbed in melancholy, and amid these sad ideas that agitated her bosom alternately, Bonville arrived from the neighbouring village, and her attention was for a time diverted, and she was relieved from a train of painful reflections. Her brother had a long conversation with him respecting Theodore, and wondered how it happened that his friend Raymond had never received any intelligence from him.

Bonville seemed much embarrassed at these observations of Albert, and it was some length of time before he made any reply. Then biting his lips, and putting on an air of displeasure, he said that he had actually thought of going to England himself, to trace him out, and ascertain the cause of his strange conduct. Then assuming a look of insignificance, accom­panied with several speeches in double entendre, he remained in sullen silence.

The conduct of Theodore certainly, thought Alida, is mysterious and singular, and his long silence is truly unaccountable, and the idea of ever meeting him again with these different impressions, that at present bore sway over her mind, agitated her greatly. In happier days, when herhopes had rested on him in full confidence, she thought herself sufficiently strong to bear every other evil; but to be assured of his inconstancy, was an idea she could scarcely endure.

Although Albert might decidedly be called a person of discernment, still he had not yet fully discovered the deceptive powers of Bonville, whose many evil propensities were in a manner concealed, by a condescending courtesy and affability; though his mind inherited ill-nature and sarcasm in the extreme.

The sprightliness of his manners, mingled with a certain degree of humour and generous sentiments, occasionally mingling with his discourse, threw a veil over his imperfections, and excited one’s admiration.

Albert thought him ungenerous for many scandalous assertions concerning Theodore, and he still hoped he might again arrive on his native shores, and be able to answer all suggestions to his disadvantage.

Alida had never discerned his real character, therefore she reposed full confidence in all he said. His behaviour to her was respectful, and his exterior extremely prepossessing. He appeared all goodness and benevolence, and ever expressed themost generous sentiments towards those he pretended to censure.

These deceitful appearances were joined with a semblance of piety; and he could at any time make himself appear to advantage, by the display of a variety of superficial knowledge. He was proud to excess, as if he really possessed qualities to be proud of. One would scarcely suppose that such a person could be capable of true attachment, but so it certainly was; that knowing the many imperfections of his own nature, caused him more deeply to revere the opposite qualities in Alida, and the idea of shortly gaining her hand, carried his senses to such a pitch of enthusiasm, that it would not be thought strange to suppose, that the disappointment of his pride would overwhelm him with lasting dismay.

Thesuperior excellenceof Theodore furnished amark forthecalumnyof Bonville, supposing his own success depended on the disparagement of the other. Thusenvy is usually led to asperse what it cannot imitate;and thelittle mindscandalizesthe pre-eminence of its neighbour, and endeavours to depreciate the good qualities that it cannot attain to.

Superior excellenceis the generalmark for calumny;andenvy is usually led to asperse what it cannot imitate.Alittle mindis scandalized atthe pre-eminence of its neighbour, and endeavours to depreciate the virtues which it cannot attain to.

Thus the distempered eye is impatient of prevailing brightness, and by attempting to observethe lucid object, inadvertently betrays its own weakness;andpersons oftheirunhappy complexion, regard all praises conferred upon another, as derogatory from their own value.

Thus the distempered eye is impatient of prevailing brightness; and, by attempting to observe the lucid object, inadvertently betrays its own weakness.Pride is the fruitful parent of Detraction; and it is the unjust estimate which men set upon themselves, that generates in their minds this ridiculous contempt of greater worth.Persons ofthisunhappy complexion regard all praises conferred upon another as derogatory from their own value.

Andapersonwithout merit may live without envy; but who would wish to escapeiton these terms!

Amanwithout merit may live without envy; but who would wish to escape on these terms?

May he again return, and with him bring

A soft serenity on pleasure’s wing;

While anxious fears, and doubt, shall disappear,

The heavy mists of gloomy thought to clear.

The scenes of solitude were now more pleasing to Alida than ever. She loved to wander through the shady grove and lonely valley, and adapt their retirement to her own particular situation. She would often stray as far as the cottage or the farmhouse, at a little distance, and would sometimes take the winding path through a beautiful piece of wood which led to Raymond’s, where the thick foliage formed a grateful shade.

There she would indulge herself in solitary thought. “How changeable are all things terrestrial,” said she, “thevariedyear has its seasons, and winter and summer are constantly in pursuit of each other. The elements are frequently disturbed by storms and tempests, so,in like manner,is thehuman breastat intervals troubledand discomposed,and often remains overshadowed with pensive sadness and cheerless reverie; and these desponding ideas must continue to have influence over the mind,till the sunshine of reasonandreligion kindlydispels the gloom,and awakens anew the feelings of the heart to the rays of hope and more enlivening sensations.” She had just returned home one afternoon from Raymond’s, when her brother, who had been absent on business to the city, drove up the avenue, accom­panied by Mr. More.

.... Asthe year has its seasons, and winter and summer are constantly in pursuit of each other,so changeable likewise is the condition of mortals; and asthe elements are frequently disturbed by storms,hurricanes,and tempests, so is themind of manfrequently ruffledand discomposed, till the sun-shine of reason andphilosophy bursts forth anddispels the gloom....

Albert informed his sister of the arrival of Theodore. She almost fainted at the intelligence, so unexpected: and although she wished of all things, to learn all the circumstances attending his absence, yet she dreaded the event, to behold him again, fearing the truth of Bonville’s suggestions.

In the midst of these thoughts and fears, Theodore alighted at the house, and was shown by the servant into the drawing-room.

Theodore, regardless of all around him, as soon as he beheld Alida, he grasped her hand, exclaiming with rapture, “Has the period at length arrived, and am I indeed once more so happy as to meet again my much-esteemed and long-lost friend.”

Alida gazed on him in silence. He saw her extreme agitation, and after they were seated, he observed more particularly her altered appearance. What surprise and grief was manifest in his countenance, when he saw the paleness of her cheek, and the roses that once spread their healthy hueover them, now seemed fled for ever. In a length of time, she became somewhat more composed; but in what light to consider Theodore, she yet did not know, and former ideas still clouded her imagination.

At length she assumed sufficient courage, to ask him, why he had not thought proper to inform any of his friends of the circumstances attending his absence.

Theodore could scarcely remain silent while Alida was speaking; he was surprised beyond all description at what he heard. “Can it be possible,” said he, “that you have missed of information concerning me, when I delayed not to inform you of all my movements, every opportunity I had to convey intelligence.” He then informed her that the letters had been sent to Raymond, and those for herself were enclosed, and committed to his care; and through this channel, he had related minutely all the various trials and circumstances attending his unexpected journey, and the cause of his protracted stay. Alida was evidently convinced, and appeared again assured of the truth of her lover. The energy with which he spoke, his agitated feelings, joined to the distress visible in his countenance, convinced her of his sincerity, at least caused her to doubt, what a few moments before appeared soincontestible: and her present happiness fully compensated for the lengthy period of distress and anxiety she had experienced.

Albert was delighted at the return of Theodore, and highly gratified in his hopes, to find in his early friend, still the man of honour he had ever considered him. He had never once mentioned his name to Alida during their separation; although his thoughts often revolved on the unhappy result of their acquaintance, and the future welfare of his sister.

Mr. More was a silent spectator of this joyful meeting. He now beheld the person who had been so happy as to win the esteem and affections of Alida, a person that he had heard spoken of, though it had appeared that he never expected to see.

He witnessed the happy meeting. Sighs and tears from this time were his only companions, while his aspect pourtrayed nought but anguish and utter despair. He looked upon this happy pair as already united. He shed tears of evident anguish, when he took leave of Alida, and his looks told her it must now be forever.

The evening was not far advanced, when Bonville, who was altogether ignorant of Theodore’s arrival, unexpectedly made his appearance. Struck with the utmost conster­nation at seeing him, he involun­tarilyreceded a few paces, then suddenly advancing, as if recollecting himself, he gave him his handwith seeming cordiality.

Beauman and Alonzo addressed each otherwithmuchseeming cordiality.

The natural politeness and civility of the other supplied the place of a more cordial reception.

Ten thousand fears at once agitated the bosom of Bonville, while he appeared half frantic with grief and apprehension. Dismay threw a sudden cloud over his under­standing; he was confused in the extreme. He had intercepted all the letters of Theodore; he secretly reproached himself for his treacherous conduct.

He now saw the termination of all his hopes. Disap­pointment he could not brook, his pride could never submit to it with any degree of resig­nation, and the bitterness that pervaded his mind, almost bordered on phrenzy.

His conscience reproved him for reiterated misre­presenta­tions and calumnies of Theodore, with which he had harrassed the mind of Alida. He knew that a discovery must now be made of his perfidy, and on his return home to the village, he was confined to his room with a sudden illness, succeeded by a dangerous fever.

O, time!rollon thy wheels, and bring around the period, when social joy shall smile before me; when in thevernal day of life,orevening serene, I grow of one dear objectmore and more enamoured;while my remembrance swellswith many a proof ofinterested friendship.

As ceaseless round a jarring world theyroll,

Still find them happy; and consenting Spring

Sheds her own rosy garland on their heads:

Tilleveningcomes at last,sereneand mild;

When after the longvernal day of life,

Enamour’d more,as more remembrance swells

With many a proof ofrecollected love,

Together down they sink in social sleep;

Together freed, their gentle spirits fly

To scenes where love and bliss immortal reign.

The present situation of Albert was happily independent. The prolific soil of the estate, on which he lived, furnished him with an ample abundance. The prospect that surrounded him was inimitably beautiful, and the peculiar advantages of his eligible situation, was the admiration of the stranger who frequented the vicinity, or resorted in the summer season to the neighbouring village.

Albert had descended from an ancient family, he had an estate to preserve, but not an entailed one, as was the case with many of his family, at this time in England.

He was a gentleman, placid, humane and generous; altogetherunacquainted withthatambition which sacrifices every thing to the desire of fortune,and the superfluous splendourthat follows in her train.He was unacquaintedwith lovetoo,the supreme power of which absorbs and concentrates all our faculties upon one sole object. That age of innocentpleasure, and of confident credulity, whenthe heartisyet a noviceandfollows the impulse of youthful sensibility, and bestows itself unreservedly upon the object of disinterested affection; then, surely, friendship is not a name.

How happy, but how fleeting is that time of life, when one isunacquainted with ambition, which sacrifices every thing to the desire of fortuneand the glorythat follows in her train,andwith love, the supreme power of which absorbs and concentres all our faculties upon one sole object! that age of innocentpleasures, and of confident credulity, when the heart,asyet a novice, follows the impulse of youthful sensibility, and bestows itself unreservedly upon the object of disinterested affection! Then, surely, friendship is not avainname!

Albert, during his abode in the city, had associated with ladies of rank, beauty and accom­plishments. He was a general favourite among them; he had been flattered, courted and caressed, but none had the power to fix his attention. Since his return to the country, he had been frequently invited to assemble among the artless villagers, decorated in their own native beauty,assisted sometimes for ornamentwith the spoils of Flora.Health, pleasure and naivette, was in the air of these charmers, and all that was pleasing to win his regard and esteem. These scenes of rural pleasure, these social parties, were adapted to his taste. In comparison of which the gay assemblages of the city had been formerly uninteresting; and he had been heard to say, that whenever his mind should become fixed, his choice would be some lady who resided in the country.

.... led up their artless charmers, in straw hatsadornedwith the spoils of Flora....

Although Albert experienced a degree of happiness and contentment unknown to many, in his present situation, yet he sometimes felt himself very lonely.

Alida was anxious that her brother should look out for a suitable companion; if he could be fortunateenough to find one that was amiable and sensible, and whose actions should be under the influence of genuine piety; one who would be ambitious to preserve domestic sunshine, by the goodness and equanimity of her disposition; who would have a tear for distress, a heart for friendship and love, exerted in benevolence and charity, and in the mean time have a care to the good order and arrangement of domestic duties and economy.

Albert often descanted in conversation with his friends, on the general neglect of female education, which consisted of a few trifling embellishments, while those of the more substantial order were left out of the question. He thought that young ladies generally were not sufficiently learned in the solid branches, to exercise their mental powers to advantage, or to be agreeable, intelligent companions.

“If it be true,”said he,“that our pleasures are chiefly of a comparative or reflected kind, how supreme must be theirs, who continually reflect on each other the portraitures of happiness, whose amusements

If it be true, that our pleasures are chiefly of a comparative or reflected kind—How supreme must be theirs, who continually reflect on each other, the portraitures of happiness—whose amusements—

“Though varied still, are still the same

In infinite progression.”

“Tho’ varied still—are still the same—in infinite progression.”

“How tranquilmust bethe state of that bosom, which has, as it were, a door perpetually open to thereception of joy or departure of pain, by uninterrupted confidence in, and sympathy with, the object of its affection!” “I know of no part of the single life,”said Albert,“more irksome than the privation we feel by it, of any friendly breastwhereinto pour our delights, or from whence to extract an antidote for whatever may chance todistress us.”

How tranquilisthe state of that bosom, which has, as it were, a door perpetually open to the reception of joy, or departure of pain, by uninterrupted confidence in, and sympathy with, the object of its affection! I know of no part of the singleor bachelor’s estate,more irksome than the privation we feel by it, of any friendly breastin whichto pour our delights, or from whence to extract an antidote for whatever may chance togive us pain—

“The mind of a good manisrather communicative than torpid. If so, how often may apersonof even the best principles, expose himself to very disagreeable sensations, from sentiments inadvertently dropped, or a confidence improperly reposed. What but silence can be recommended, since, in breaking it, so much danger is incurred among thosewho arelittle interested in our welfare? A good heart, it is true, need not fear the exposition of its amiable contents. But, is it always a security for us, that we mean well, when our expressions are liable to be misconstrued by such as appear to lay in wait only to pervert them to some ungenerous purpose?”

The mind of a good man,I believe to berather communicative than torpid:—If so, how often may ayouth, of even the best principles, expose himself to very disagreeable sensations, from sentiments inadvertently dropped, or a confidence improperly reposed!—What, but silence, can be recommendedto them;since, in breaking it: so much danger is incurred, among those little interested in our welfare? A good heart, it is true, need not fear the exposition of its amiable contents:—But,alas,is it always a security for us, that we mean well, when our expressions are liable to be misconstrued by such as appear to lie in wait only to pervert them to some ungenerous purpose?

“The charms, then, of social life, and the sweets of domestic conversation, arepre-eminent. What more agreeable than theconverseof an intelligent, amiable, interesting friend;andwho more intelligent than a well educated female? What moreengagingthan gentleness and sensibility itself? Orwhat friend more interesting, than one we have selected from the whole world,as acompanion in every vicissitude of life?”

The charms, then, of social life, and the sweets of domestic conversation, areno small incitements to the marriage state.—What more agreeable than theconversationof an intelligent, amiable, and interesting friend?Butwho more intelligent than a well-educated female? What moreamiablethan gentleness and sensibility itself? Or what friend more interesting thansuch aoneaswe have selected from the whole world,to be oursteady companion, in every vicissitudeof seasons orof life?

“If eitherpartybe versed in music, what a tide of innocent pleasure must it prove, tobe able tosoothe in adversity, to humanize in prosperity, to compose injargon, and to command serenity in every situation? How charming a relaxation from the necessary avocations of businesson the one hand, and the employmentsat home, indomestic affairs,on the other! And as a finale, to chant the praises of the Almighty in hymns of praise and thanksgiving.”

If eitherof these partiesbe versed in music, what a tide of innocent delight must it prove,—to soothe in adversity, to humanize in prosperity, to compose innoise, and to command serenity in every situation.... How charming a relaxation from the necessary avocations of business!——“Of business do you say?”—Yes; for I number this too, among the pleasures of the happily married. Let the lady find agreeable employmentat home, inthe domestic oeconomy of her household,but let the gentleman be pursuing by unremitted and honest industry, new comforts for her, for his children, and for himself.

Albert had lately made several visits at some distance from home, where he had told his sister, were several young ladies, who were very agreeable. Alida did not think this of any importance, as she knew her brother heretofore had been difficult to please. She was one day rather surprised, when he wished her to accom­pany him thither. She declined the invitation, however, not thinking he wished it for any particular reason.

In the course of a few days he pressed her again to go with him. Alida now thought she would accom­pany him, if it was only out of curiosity. When they arrived at the house of Albert’s new acquaintance, several ladies were introduced one after theother, and Alida soon found, that one of them had arrested the attention of her brother particularly. She, however, thought him rather premature, as he had so recently become acquainted with the family. On their return home, he gave her to understand, that his affections were engaged, and in the course of a few months, she was called on to attend their nuptials.

The appearance of Eliza was interesting; she was tall and graceful. Her large dark hazel eyes sparkled beneath a beautiful arched eyebrow, and her transparent complexion was shaded and adorned by profuse locks of dark brown hair.

In the meantime Albert appeared perfectly happy, that he had at length found a fair one to please him, and shortly after he returned home with his bride, with sanguine expectations before him, anticipating much future happiness.

“On punit plus severement un ennemi par le mepris et par l’oubli, que par les chatimens les plus rigorieux: c’est, pour ainsi dire, le reduire au néant.”

On punit plus sévèrement un ennemi par le mépris et par l’oubli, que par les châtiments les plus rigoureux. C’est pour ainsi dire le réduire au néant....

The disagreeable facts so long in detail, had now taken a new turn for the better, and Theodore and Alida were again in possession of more than former felicity, after their long separation. Alida soon began to recover in some degree her native cheerfulness, soothingthe bosom ofher loverwith hergrief-dispersing smile.The unpleasant fears that had such a length of time harrassed her mind, were now happily terminated by the return of Theodore and the clearing up of all doubts and suspicions concerning him, to the utter confusion of Bonville. All her corroding anxieties were now removed, and recent events had made her happy in comparison to what she was a few weeks before, and her present consolation fully compensated for all the preceding months of unhappiness.

.... come in all thy native loveliness, and cheerthe bosom ofwretchednessby thygrief dispersing smile!

Theodore was again happy in the society of Alida, thepensive sweetnessof her manner, her innate goodness, and amiability,whichhadattracted and secured theearlyaffections of hisheart,

.... thatpensive sweetness,those unrivalled virtues and matchless worth, which he found in Melissa, andwhich attracted, fixed,and secured theyoungestaffections of hissoul?...

...

and madeimpressionsthat couldnever be obliterated.

.... your ingenuous conduct has leftimpressionsin my bosomwhich cannever be obliterated....

...

Hegave a minute account of all thathadhappened, from the time they had parted untilthey hadmetagain.

Alonzo thengaveMelissaa minute account of all that happenedto himfrom the time of their parting ... untilhemetwith her the day before.

He had visited the merchants in England with whom his father had been concerned in business, and hefound asheexpected, that he had been overreached by swindlers and sharpers. The pretended failure of the merchants with whom he was in company, was all a sham, as, also, the reported loss of the ships in their employ. The merchants had fled to England;hehad them arrested, and theyhadgiven up their effects to much more than the amount of their debts.Hetherefore procured a reversion ofhisfather’s losses, with costs, damages and interests, when legally stated.

.... I wrote to my correspondent in England, andfound, asIexpected, that he had been overreached by swindlers and sharpers. The pretended failure of the merchants with whom he was in company, was all a sham, as also the reported loss of the ships in their employ. The merchants fled to England;I havehad them arrested, and theyhavegiven up their effects, to much more than the amount of their debts.I havetherefore procured a reversion ofyour father’slosses,which,with costs, damages, and interests, when legally stated,he will receive of my agent in Philadelphia....

Theodore then made his next visit to Raymond’s.Hisfriends were joyfully surprised athisarrival.He stayed the night and related a long narrative to his friend. Early next day he proceeded from thence to his father’s house, where he arrived after a considerable journey.Theodorefound his parentsmore happy than he expected.Withabundantjoy they welcomedhimwhom they had given upforlost.

Thefriendsof Alonzo and Melissawere joyfully surprised attheirarrival....

Alonzofound his parentsin penurious circumstances indeed, his father having, the preceding summer, been too indisposed to manage his little farm with attention, and being unable to hire labourers, his crops had yielded but a scanty supply, and he had been compelled to sell most of his stock to answer pressing demands.Withgreatjoy they welcomedAlonzo,whom they had given upaslost.

Theodorethen related to his father all the incidentsthat had happened in England,minutelyparticularizinghisconductwith regard to the merchants with whom his father had been connected,and then presentedhimwith the reversion of the estate.

The oldgentlemanfell on his knees, and with tears streaming down his cheeks, offered devout thanks to the great Dispenser of all mercies.

.... Alonzothen related to his father all the incidentsof his travels,minutely particularizingthe disinterestedconductof Franklin,and then presentedhis fatherwith the reversion of his estate. The oldmanfell on his knees, and, with tears streaming down his withered cheeks, offered devout thanks to the great Dispenser of all mercies.

In the meantime, the illness of Bonville had increased to an alarming degree. He sent for Theodore. He thought it his duty to attend the summons. When he arrived at the house of Bonville he was shown immediately into his apartment. He was surprised to see himstretched on a mattrass, his visage pale and emaciated, his countenance haggard, his eyes inexpressive andglaring.He held out his hand and feebly beckoned toTheodore,who immediately approachedthe bed-side.

.... As he passed along the different apartments he was surprised at hearing his name called by a faint voice. He turned to the place from whence it proceeded, and sawstretched on a mattress,a person who appeared on the point of expiring.His visagewaspale and emaciated, his countenance haggardand ghastly,his eyes inexpressive andglazy.He held out hiswitheredhand, and feebly beckoned toAlonzo,who immediately approachedhim....

“You behold me,Theodore,” said he, “on the verge of eternity. I have but a short time to continue in this world.”He evidently appeared to have suffered much from the remembrance of his ungenerous conduct towards Theodore.

“... you behold me on the verge of eternity; I have but a short time to continue in this world.”

“I have caused much unhappiness between you and your Alida,” said Bonville, “to which you will scarcely think itpossiblethatIwas designedlyaccessory.” He then confessed to Theodore that he had intercepted his letters, and begged his forgiveness.“I could say muchmoreon the subject would my strengthadmit,” said he, “but it is needless.” Here Bonville ceased. Theodore found he wanted rest; medical aidhad beenapplied, but without effect. Theodore then left him, promising to call againnextmorning.

“You are unhappy, Alonzo, [said Beauman] in the death of your Melissa, to which it ispossible Ihave been undesignedlyaccessory. I could say much on the subject, would my strengthpermit;but it is needless—she is gone, and I must soon go also....”

Here Beauman ceased. Alonzo found he wanted rest:he enquired whether he was in want of any thing to render him more comfortable; Beauman replied he was not; “for the comforts of this life [said he] I have no relish;medical aidisapplied, but without effect.” Alonzo then left him, promising to call againin themorning.

He was startled at the confession of Bonville; he felt at first indignant, and meditated what course to pursue. After due reflection, he at length made the decision.

His devotions to Alida he did not wonder at.The pride of parental attachmentand naturehad graced her with everycharm andaccom­plishment.He at length determined to cast a veil of pity over the actions of Bonville, and not to upbraid him, but to treat his past conduct with silent contempt, and endeavour as far as possible, to bury the remembrance of his errors in oblivion.

....The pride of parental attachment had graced her with every accom­plishmentthat depends upon tuition....

Hecalledto see himnext morning; he perceived an alarming alteration inhis appearance. He wascold—a chilling sweat stood upon his face, his respiration was short and interrupted, his pulse weak and intermitting. He took the hand ofTheodoreand feeblypressedit.

When Alonzocalled the next morning, he perceived an alarming alteration inBeauman. His extremities werecold, a chillingclammysweat stood upon his face, his respiration was short and interrupted, his pulse weak and intermitting. He took the hand ofAlonzo,and feeblypressingit....

Hesoon fell into a stupor; sensation became suspended. Sometimes a partial revival would take place, when he would fall into incoherentmuttering, calling on the names of his deceased father,mother, and Alida.

Beaumansoon fell into a stupour; sensation became suspended;his eyes rolled up and fixed.Sometimes a partial revival would take place, when he would fall into incoherentmutterings, calling on the names of his deceased father,hismother and Melissa; his voice dying away in imperfect moanings, till his lips continued to move without sound.

Towards night he lay silent, and only continued to breathe with difficulty,whena slight convulsion gavehisfreed spirit to the unknown regions of existence.Theodore attended his funeral, and then journeyed on to the dwelling of Albert. He informed Alida of the death of Bonville, and of his confession.

Towards night he lay silent, and only continued to breathe with difficulty,tilla slight convulsion gavethefreed spirit to the unknown regions ofimmaterialexistence.Alonzo followed his remains to the grave; a natural stone was placed at its head, on which Alonzo, unobserved, carved the initials of the deceased’s name, with the date of his death, and left him to moulder with his native dust.

At the mention of Bonville’s fate,shesigheddeeply. “It is true,” said she, “he has perplexed mewith many vain fears,by misrepresentation, but could he have lived, I would freely have forgiven him.”

At the mention of Beauman’s fate,Melissasighed.“Withhowmany vain fears(said she)was I perplexed,lest, by some means he should discover my existence and place of residence, after he, alas! was silent in the tomb!”

He evidently fell a victim to disappointed pride and remorse at the remembrance of his own baseness.

In the Almighty Power he placed his trust,

Through all the changing scenes of deep distress;

His fortune now is better than before;

Again the Omniscient Hand has deigned to bless.

Theodore’s father was soon in complete re-possession of his former property. The premises from which he had been driven by his creditors, were yielded up without difficulty, to which he immediately removed. He not only recovered the principal of the fortune he had lost, but the damages,withthe interest; so that, although like Job, he had seen affliction, like him, his latter days were better thanthebeginning.

Alonzo’s father was soon in complete repossession of his former property. The premises from which he had been driven by hisunfeelingcreditors were yielded up without difficulty,andto which he immediately removed. He not only recovered the principal of the fortune he had lost, but the damagesandthe interest; so that, although like Job he had seen affliction, like him his latter days were better thanhisbeginning.

Like him, he reposed faith and confidence in his Maker,who had secretly supported himin his misfortunes;andwho now,like a cheering sun dispersing the surrounding gloom, again gladdened his heart with returning peace and prosperity.Weariedofthebusinessof life, he did not again enter intoits affairs,but placing his money at interest in safe hands,helived retired on hisestate.

Butwearied with thebustlesof life, he did not again enter intothe mercantile business,but placing his money at interest in safe hands, lived retired on hislittle farm.

Power of Religion: Job

.... At length, the goodness of that God whom he served, andwho had secretly supported himunder all his sufferings, broke forth upon him with increased energy; and,like a cheering sun dispersing the surrounding gloom, again gladdened his heart with returning peace and prosperity.

It was also the decided choice of Theodore and Alida to reside in the country. The calm and serene pleasures of retirement were particularly interestingto both, and they were now supremely blest in each other’s society.

The parents of Theodore rejoiced at their present happiness, and took upon themselves the necessary preparations for their nuptials, which were to take place as soon as all was in readiness for this happy event.

No cross purposes stood ready to intervene, todisturb their repose orinterrupt theirtranquil­lity.It wasat that season whennature was arrayed in her richest ornaments, and adorned with her sweetestfragrance. Silk-winged breezesplayedamidst the flowers,andbirdsof every descriptioncarolledtheir songin varying strains.The air was clear and salubrious, and the scene enchanting.

....Nocross purposesstood ready to intervenetheir happiness, no determined rival, no obdurate father, no watchful, scowling aunt,to interrupt theirtransports.It wasthe latter end of May;nature was arrayed in her richest ornaments, and adorned with her sweetestperfumes.The sun blended its mild lustre with the landscapes’ lovely green,silk-winged breezesfrolickedamidst the flowers;the springbirds carolled in varying strains....

And now, reader of sensibility, indulge the pleasing sensations of thy bosom,at the approaching union of Theodore and Alida.

And now, reader of sensibility, indulge the pleasing sensations of thy bosom,for Alonzo and Melissa are MARRIED.

...

To our hero and heroine, the rural charms ofthe country furnisheda source of pleasing variety. Spring, with itsverdantfieldsandflowery meads—summer, with its embowering shades—the fertility ofautumn, with its yellow foliage—winter, with its hollow blasts and snowy mantle, all tended tofill theirbosomswith sensations of pleasing transition.

To our hero and heroine, the rural charms oftheir secluded village werea source of ever pleasing variety. Spring, with itsverduredfields, flowery meads,and vocal groves; its vernal gales, purling rills, and its evening whipper-will:Summer, with its embowering shades,reflected in the glassy lake, and the long, pensive, yet sprightly notes of the solitary strawberry-bird; its lightning and its thunder:autumn, withits mellow fruit,its yellow foliageand decaying verdure:winter, with itshoarse roughblasts,its icy beard,and snowy mantle, all tended tothrill,with sensations of pleasing transition,the feelingbosomsof ALONZO and MELISSA.

Their religious principles were the same. They were a constant assistance to each other in the fulfilmentof their pious duties, truly endeavouring to follow the life of the Redeemer, who taught by his example and practice, what he required of us. Assiduously cultivating those innate Christian principles and perfections, best calculated to promote the praise and glory of God, and whereby we may obtain the everlasting favour of that ineffable Disposer of all things, in whom we live, and move, and have our being.

But soon a mournful shade was thrown over their peaceful tranquil­lity and happy anticipations; and manifest was their grief, when they received the dreadful intelligence that Mr. More had committed suicide. At the news of this rash and sinful action, they were thrown into an abyss of sorrow, the painful remembrance of which, for a long time, threw a dark and melancholy cloud over their felicity.

It is to be regretted that a spirit of religion and philosophy had not been more duly exercised in the mind of Mr. More, that at length by patience and resignation, he might have been brought to see how vain and transitory are all these things; and thereby have been led to look for permanent happiness to a nobler source.

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