FOOTNOTES:

FOOTNOTES:[1]J. D. Whelpley,The Problem of the Immigrant, 2.[2]Entrance Port for Immigrants at New York.[3]The total immigration into the United States for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1906, was 1,100,735.[4]For table showing immigration for each year from 1820 to 1905, see Appendix A.[5]Now known as the Battery. See footnote 1, p. 54.[6]City Mission Monthly, April, 1902.[7]Those who are interested in this feature can trace—by examining the table in the Appendix which gives the immigration by years since 1820—the relation between prosperity and immigration. The effect of the panics of 1837, 1843, 1873, 1893, and the depression caused by the Civil War, will be seen clearly in the immigration totals. This subject is treated inImmigration, 17 ff.[8]Published inBaptist Home Mission Monthlyfor July, 1906.[9]Hamilton Holt,Undistinguished Americans.[10]The Swedishkrone(kro-ne) has a value of about 27 cents.[11]Broughton Brandenburg,Imported Americans, 37.[12]Prescott F. Hall,Immigration, 3, 4.[13]The park and piers at the southern end of New York City, formerly known as Castle Garden.[14]Samuel E. Moffett,Review of Reviews, July, 1903.[15]It is good to know that the reception conditions, so far as the Government is concerned, have been made as favorable as present accommodations will allow, and enlargement is already projected. Since the Federal Government finally took charge of immigration in 1882, great improvement has been made in method and administration. The inspection is humane, prompt, and on the whole kindly, although entrance examinations are as much dreaded by the average immigrant as by the average student. Commissioner Watchorn, an admirable man for his place, insists upon kindness, and want of it in an employee is cause for dismissal. Ellis Island affords an excellent example of carefully adjusted details and thorough system, whereby with least possible friction thousands of aliens are examined in a day, and pronounced fit or unfit to enter the country. The process is too rapid, however, to give each case the attention which the best interests of the country demand.[16]Under the Act of 1903, this manifest has to state: The full name, age and sex; whether married or single; the calling or occupation; whether able to read or write; the nationality; the race; the last residence; the seaport landing in the United States; the final destination, if any, beyond the port of landing; whether having a ticket through to such final destination; whether the alien has paid his own passage or whether it has been paid by any other person or by any corporation, society, municipality, or government, and if so, by whom; whether in possession of thirty dollars, and if less, how much; whether going to join a relative or friend and if so, what relative or friend, and his name and complete address; whether ever before in the United States, and if so, when and where; whether ever in prison or almshouse or an institution or hospital for the care and treatment of the insane or supported by charity; whether a polygamist; whether an anarchist; whether coming by reason of any offer, solicitation, promise, or agreement, expressed or implied, to perform labor in the United States, and what is the alien's condition of health, mental and physical, and whether deformed or crippled, and if so, for how long and from what cause.[17]Broughton Brandenburg,Imported Americans, 208.[18]This imaginary sketch adheres in every detail to the facts. The medical examiners and inspectors become exceedingly expert in detecting disease, disability, or deception. If an overcoat is carried over the shoulder, they look for a false or stiff arm. The gait and general appearance indicate health or want of it to them, and all who do not appear normal are turned aside for further examination, which is thorough. The women have a special inspection by the matrons, who have to be both expert and alert to detect and reject the unworthy. The chief difficulty lies in too small a force to handle such large numbers, which have reached as high as 45,000 in five days.[19]The present regulations were passed in 1882, and if lived up to, as by trustworthy testimony they are not, would prevent serious overcrowding, although the conditions as to air, sanitation, and morals would still be most unsatisfactory. For protective laws, see Appendix B.[20]Broughton Brandenburg,Imported Americans, chap. XIV.[21]This Act of 1824 required of vessel-masters a report giving name, birthplace, age, and occupation of each immigrant, and a bond to secure the city against public charges.[22]Immigration, chap. X.[23]The main provisions are: 1. Head tax of $2. 2. Excluded classes numbering 17. 3. Criminal offenses against the Immigration Acts, enumerating 12 crimes. 4. Rejection of the diseased aliens. 5. Manifest, required of vessel-masters, with answers to 19 questions. 6. Examination of immigrants. 7. Detention and return of aliens. 8. Bonds and guaranties. The law may be found in full in the Appendix toImmigration, and inThe Problem of the Immigrant, chap. VI., where the rules and regulations for its enforcement are also given. A list of the excluded classes and criminal offenses will be found in Appendix B of this volume.[24]Joseph H. Adams, inHome Missionary, for April, 1905.[25]The Immigration Bureau has 1,214 inspectors and special agents. The Commissioner-General says of them: They are spread throughout the country from Maine to southern California. They are[26]thoroughly organized under competent chiefs, many of them working regardless of hours, whether breaking the seals of freight cars on the southern border to prevent the smuggling of Chinese, or watching the countless routes of ingress from Canada, ever alert and willing, equally efficient in detecting the inadmissible alien and the pretended citizen. The Bureau asserts with confidence that, excepting a very few, the government of this country has no more able and faithful servants in its employ, either civil or military, than the immigration officers.[27]Commissioner-General's Report for 1905, p. 41.[28]Immigration Reportfor 1905, p.56.[29]Broughton Brandenburg,Imported Americans, 33.[30]Immigration Reportfor 1905, p. 48.[31]Prof. H. H. Boyesen.[32]Frederick Austin Ogg, inOutlookfor May 5, 1906.[33]A synopsis of these recommendations will be found in Appendix B.[34]Sec. 38. That no alien immigrant over sixteen years of age physically capable of reading shall be admitted to the United States until he has proved to the satisfaction of the proper inspection officers that he can read English or some other tongue ... provided that an admissible alien over sixteen, or a person now or hereafter in the United States of like age, may bring in or send for his wife, mother, affianced wife, or father over fifty-five, if they are otherwise admissible, whether able to read or write or not.[35]Sec. 39. That every male alien immigrant over sixteen shall be deemed likely to become a public charge unless he shows to the proper immigration officials that he has in his possession at the time of inspection money to the equivalent of $25, or that the head of his family entering with him so holds that amount to his account. Every female alien must have $15.[36]The Bill, as amended, left the head tax at $2, and the reading test was omitted. Great opposition to the Bill came from the foreign element, especially the Jews.[37]Dr. Goodchild.[38]Broughton Brandenburg,Imported Americans, 302.[39]Outlookfor May 5, 1906.[40]J. D. Whelpley,The Problem of the Immigrant, 13.[41]Annual Report for1903, p. 60.[42]Annual Report for1905, p. 58.[43]Idem, opposite p. 34.[44]This bureau shall collect and furnish to all incoming aliens, data as to the resources, products, and manufactures of each state, territory and district of the United States; the prices of land and character of soils; routes of travel and fares; opportunities of employment in the skilled and unskilled occupations, rates of wages, cost of living, and all other information that in the judgment of the Commissioner-General might tend to enlighten the aliens as to the inducements to settlement in the various sections.[45]Bernheimer,The Russian Jew in the United States, 370.[46]Prescott F. Hall,Immigration, 303.[47]Eliot Lord, inThe Italian in America, 177 ff.[48]"The Problem of Immigration," Presbyterian Board of Publication.[49]For a condensed characterization of the north of Europe immigrants read the chapter on Racial Conditions inImmigration(chap. III.) The leading traits of the various immigrant peoples are set forth with fairness and discrimination, although probably none of those described would see themselves exactly as Mr. Hall sees them.[50]The Italian in America.[51]John Foster Carr inOutlook.[52]See page 146.[53]Dr. S. H. Lee inBaptist Home Mission Monthly, for May, 1905.[54]Location of various public institutions of New York City.[55]Industrial Commission Report to Congress, Dec. 5, 1901.[56]The Italian in America, 215, 216.[57]G. Tuoti, inThe Italian in America, 78.[58]A remarkable showing of what the Italians have accomplished through these farming colonies in various parts of the country is given in the chapter "On Farm and Plantation", inThe Italian in America.[59]Rev. E. P. Farnham, D.D., in New YorkExaminer, June 22, 1906.[60]University Settlement Studies, December, 1905.[61]While the Magyars (or Hungarians) are not Slavs, they have lived in close contact with them, and for convenience may be classed in the Slavic division; and the same thing is true of the Roumanian and Russian Jews. All these peoples come from Russia, Austria-Hungary, or the Balkan States, and represent similar customs and ideas, although they differ materially in character, as we shall see.[62]Samuel McLanahan,Our People of Foreign Speech, 34 ff.[63]F. J. Warne,The Slav Invasion, chap. VI.[64]Miss Kate H. Claghorn, inCharities, for December, 1904.[65]Charities, for December, 1904.[66]Samuel McLanahan,Our People of Foreign Speech, 45.[67]Louis H. Pick, inCharities, for December, 1904.[68]Miss Emily Balch, "The Slavs at Home," inCharities and Commons.[69]Lee Frankel, inThe Russian Jew in the United States, 63.[70]Julius H. Greenstone, inThe Russian Jew in the United States, 158.[71]Commissioner-General's Report for 1905, p. 58.[72]The Leaven of a Great City, andThe Story of an East Side Family.[73]University Settlement Studies, January, 1906.[74]Hamilton Holt,Undistinguished Americans, 43 ff.[75]Jacob Riis,How the Other Half Lives, chap. XVIII.[76]Robert Hunter,Poverty, chap. I. This is a book that every American should read. The author is indebted to it for much of the material in this chapter.[77]Robert Hunter,Poverty, 196.[78]Idem, chap. V.[79]Richmond Mayo-Smith,Emigration and Immigration, 5 ff.[80]Walter E. Heyl, inUniversity Settlement Studies.[81]F. J. Warne,The Slav Invasion, 103.[82]Rena M. Atchison,Un-American Immigration, 82.[83]Richmond Mayo-Smith,Emigration and Immigration, 84 ff.[84]* Represents the recapitulation of totals of Europe, Asia, Africa and all other countries.[85]Josiah Strong,Our Country, 56.[86]Kate H. Claghorn, inCharitiesfor December, 1904.[87]Broughton Brandenburg,Imported Americans, 19.[88]Sidney Sampson, pamphlet, "The Immigration Problem."[89]Fung Yuet Mow, Chinese missionary in New York, says that at a missionary Conference which he attended in Canton there were fifty missionaries present, native Chinese, and half of them were converted in our missions in America, and returned home to seek the conversion of their people. Everywhere he met the influence of Chinese who found Christ in this country.[90]Henry H. Hamilton in theHome Missionary.[91]In one city in Massachusetts, where there are 1,700 Italians only fifty or sixty attend the Roman Catholic Church; and in another, of 6,000 Italians, only about 300 go to that church. They declare that they are tired of the Romish Church and have lost faith in its priests. Similar reports come from all parts of the country.[92]There are numerous instances equally remarkable. Many young people express their desire to lead true lives and the missionaries often learn how well the resolutions made at Ellis Island have been kept. One missionary says: "I meet one here and another there, who tell me that I met them first three or four years ago, when they first reached this country, strangers to Christ as well as to me; but now they say, 'We love to tell the story of Jesus and his love.' Some of the denominations have houses fitted up for the temporary entertainment of immigrants who need a safe place while waiting to hear from friends or secure employment. This missionary work admirably supplements the excellent service rendered by the protective organizations, of which the United Hebrews Charities is perhaps the most influential, dispensing funds amounting to $270,000 a year, including the Baron Hirsch fund. There is also an Immigrant Girls' Home which saves many from temptation while they are seeking employment, and helps them secure places in Christian families."[93]Rev. Joel S. Ives, pamphlet, "The Foreigner in New England."[94]Appendix C.[95]Some denominations already have theological training departments for foreign people. The French-American College at Springfield, Massachusetts, is the first distinctive training school for foreigners.[96]"The Foreign Problem." Published by the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions.[97]Rev. F. H. Allen, inHome Missionaryfor January, 1906.[98]Rev. C. W. Shelton reports typical cases, that could be duplicated by every secretary of a Home Missionary Society and every missionary. In one mission church a young Swede girl gave $25 a month, out of her earnings as cook, toward the pastor's support. In a Finnish church, another young woman pledged $30 a month out a salary of $50. A Chinese mission in California supports three native workers in China. A Slav Mission Sunday-school in Braddock, Pennsylvania, with thirty members, gave out of its poverty, as one year's record, $6 for home missions, $1.25 for windows in a new Bohemian church, $1 for missionary schools, $6.35 for maps, and $6 for a foreign missionary ship. Nearly fifty cents a member these Slavs gave; and that amount per member from all Christian Churches and Sunday-schools would make the missionary treasuries much fuller than at present.[99]Words used by Dr. A. L. Phillips, of Richmond, Va., at the Asheville Conference, July, 1906.[100]From Annual Report of Commissioner-General of Immigration for 1905.[101]Statement from Commissioner-General F. P. Sargent.[102]From the Lutheran World.

[1]J. D. Whelpley,The Problem of the Immigrant, 2.

[2]Entrance Port for Immigrants at New York.

[3]The total immigration into the United States for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1906, was 1,100,735.

[4]For table showing immigration for each year from 1820 to 1905, see Appendix A.

[5]Now known as the Battery. See footnote 1, p. 54.

[6]City Mission Monthly, April, 1902.

[7]Those who are interested in this feature can trace—by examining the table in the Appendix which gives the immigration by years since 1820—the relation between prosperity and immigration. The effect of the panics of 1837, 1843, 1873, 1893, and the depression caused by the Civil War, will be seen clearly in the immigration totals. This subject is treated inImmigration, 17 ff.

[8]Published inBaptist Home Mission Monthlyfor July, 1906.

[9]Hamilton Holt,Undistinguished Americans.

[10]The Swedishkrone(kro-ne) has a value of about 27 cents.

[11]Broughton Brandenburg,Imported Americans, 37.

[12]Prescott F. Hall,Immigration, 3, 4.

[13]The park and piers at the southern end of New York City, formerly known as Castle Garden.

[14]Samuel E. Moffett,Review of Reviews, July, 1903.

[15]It is good to know that the reception conditions, so far as the Government is concerned, have been made as favorable as present accommodations will allow, and enlargement is already projected. Since the Federal Government finally took charge of immigration in 1882, great improvement has been made in method and administration. The inspection is humane, prompt, and on the whole kindly, although entrance examinations are as much dreaded by the average immigrant as by the average student. Commissioner Watchorn, an admirable man for his place, insists upon kindness, and want of it in an employee is cause for dismissal. Ellis Island affords an excellent example of carefully adjusted details and thorough system, whereby with least possible friction thousands of aliens are examined in a day, and pronounced fit or unfit to enter the country. The process is too rapid, however, to give each case the attention which the best interests of the country demand.

[16]Under the Act of 1903, this manifest has to state: The full name, age and sex; whether married or single; the calling or occupation; whether able to read or write; the nationality; the race; the last residence; the seaport landing in the United States; the final destination, if any, beyond the port of landing; whether having a ticket through to such final destination; whether the alien has paid his own passage or whether it has been paid by any other person or by any corporation, society, municipality, or government, and if so, by whom; whether in possession of thirty dollars, and if less, how much; whether going to join a relative or friend and if so, what relative or friend, and his name and complete address; whether ever before in the United States, and if so, when and where; whether ever in prison or almshouse or an institution or hospital for the care and treatment of the insane or supported by charity; whether a polygamist; whether an anarchist; whether coming by reason of any offer, solicitation, promise, or agreement, expressed or implied, to perform labor in the United States, and what is the alien's condition of health, mental and physical, and whether deformed or crippled, and if so, for how long and from what cause.

[17]Broughton Brandenburg,Imported Americans, 208.

[18]This imaginary sketch adheres in every detail to the facts. The medical examiners and inspectors become exceedingly expert in detecting disease, disability, or deception. If an overcoat is carried over the shoulder, they look for a false or stiff arm. The gait and general appearance indicate health or want of it to them, and all who do not appear normal are turned aside for further examination, which is thorough. The women have a special inspection by the matrons, who have to be both expert and alert to detect and reject the unworthy. The chief difficulty lies in too small a force to handle such large numbers, which have reached as high as 45,000 in five days.

[19]The present regulations were passed in 1882, and if lived up to, as by trustworthy testimony they are not, would prevent serious overcrowding, although the conditions as to air, sanitation, and morals would still be most unsatisfactory. For protective laws, see Appendix B.

[20]Broughton Brandenburg,Imported Americans, chap. XIV.

[21]This Act of 1824 required of vessel-masters a report giving name, birthplace, age, and occupation of each immigrant, and a bond to secure the city against public charges.

[22]Immigration, chap. X.

[23]The main provisions are: 1. Head tax of $2. 2. Excluded classes numbering 17. 3. Criminal offenses against the Immigration Acts, enumerating 12 crimes. 4. Rejection of the diseased aliens. 5. Manifest, required of vessel-masters, with answers to 19 questions. 6. Examination of immigrants. 7. Detention and return of aliens. 8. Bonds and guaranties. The law may be found in full in the Appendix toImmigration, and inThe Problem of the Immigrant, chap. VI., where the rules and regulations for its enforcement are also given. A list of the excluded classes and criminal offenses will be found in Appendix B of this volume.

[24]Joseph H. Adams, inHome Missionary, for April, 1905.

[25]The Immigration Bureau has 1,214 inspectors and special agents. The Commissioner-General says of them: They are spread throughout the country from Maine to southern California. They are

[26]thoroughly organized under competent chiefs, many of them working regardless of hours, whether breaking the seals of freight cars on the southern border to prevent the smuggling of Chinese, or watching the countless routes of ingress from Canada, ever alert and willing, equally efficient in detecting the inadmissible alien and the pretended citizen. The Bureau asserts with confidence that, excepting a very few, the government of this country has no more able and faithful servants in its employ, either civil or military, than the immigration officers.

[27]Commissioner-General's Report for 1905, p. 41.

[28]Immigration Reportfor 1905, p.56.

[29]Broughton Brandenburg,Imported Americans, 33.

[30]Immigration Reportfor 1905, p. 48.

[31]Prof. H. H. Boyesen.

[32]Frederick Austin Ogg, inOutlookfor May 5, 1906.

[33]A synopsis of these recommendations will be found in Appendix B.

[34]Sec. 38. That no alien immigrant over sixteen years of age physically capable of reading shall be admitted to the United States until he has proved to the satisfaction of the proper inspection officers that he can read English or some other tongue ... provided that an admissible alien over sixteen, or a person now or hereafter in the United States of like age, may bring in or send for his wife, mother, affianced wife, or father over fifty-five, if they are otherwise admissible, whether able to read or write or not.

[35]Sec. 39. That every male alien immigrant over sixteen shall be deemed likely to become a public charge unless he shows to the proper immigration officials that he has in his possession at the time of inspection money to the equivalent of $25, or that the head of his family entering with him so holds that amount to his account. Every female alien must have $15.

[36]The Bill, as amended, left the head tax at $2, and the reading test was omitted. Great opposition to the Bill came from the foreign element, especially the Jews.

[37]Dr. Goodchild.

[38]Broughton Brandenburg,Imported Americans, 302.

[39]Outlookfor May 5, 1906.

[40]J. D. Whelpley,The Problem of the Immigrant, 13.

[41]Annual Report for1903, p. 60.

[42]Annual Report for1905, p. 58.

[43]Idem, opposite p. 34.

[44]This bureau shall collect and furnish to all incoming aliens, data as to the resources, products, and manufactures of each state, territory and district of the United States; the prices of land and character of soils; routes of travel and fares; opportunities of employment in the skilled and unskilled occupations, rates of wages, cost of living, and all other information that in the judgment of the Commissioner-General might tend to enlighten the aliens as to the inducements to settlement in the various sections.

[45]Bernheimer,The Russian Jew in the United States, 370.

[46]Prescott F. Hall,Immigration, 303.

[47]Eliot Lord, inThe Italian in America, 177 ff.

[48]"The Problem of Immigration," Presbyterian Board of Publication.

[49]For a condensed characterization of the north of Europe immigrants read the chapter on Racial Conditions inImmigration(chap. III.) The leading traits of the various immigrant peoples are set forth with fairness and discrimination, although probably none of those described would see themselves exactly as Mr. Hall sees them.

[50]The Italian in America.

[51]John Foster Carr inOutlook.

[52]See page 146.

[53]Dr. S. H. Lee inBaptist Home Mission Monthly, for May, 1905.

[54]Location of various public institutions of New York City.

[55]Industrial Commission Report to Congress, Dec. 5, 1901.

[56]The Italian in America, 215, 216.

[57]G. Tuoti, inThe Italian in America, 78.

[58]A remarkable showing of what the Italians have accomplished through these farming colonies in various parts of the country is given in the chapter "On Farm and Plantation", inThe Italian in America.

[59]Rev. E. P. Farnham, D.D., in New YorkExaminer, June 22, 1906.

[60]University Settlement Studies, December, 1905.

[61]While the Magyars (or Hungarians) are not Slavs, they have lived in close contact with them, and for convenience may be classed in the Slavic division; and the same thing is true of the Roumanian and Russian Jews. All these peoples come from Russia, Austria-Hungary, or the Balkan States, and represent similar customs and ideas, although they differ materially in character, as we shall see.

[62]Samuel McLanahan,Our People of Foreign Speech, 34 ff.

[63]F. J. Warne,The Slav Invasion, chap. VI.

[64]Miss Kate H. Claghorn, inCharities, for December, 1904.

[65]Charities, for December, 1904.

[66]Samuel McLanahan,Our People of Foreign Speech, 45.

[67]Louis H. Pick, inCharities, for December, 1904.

[68]Miss Emily Balch, "The Slavs at Home," inCharities and Commons.

[69]Lee Frankel, inThe Russian Jew in the United States, 63.

[70]Julius H. Greenstone, inThe Russian Jew in the United States, 158.

[71]Commissioner-General's Report for 1905, p. 58.

[72]The Leaven of a Great City, andThe Story of an East Side Family.

[73]University Settlement Studies, January, 1906.

[74]Hamilton Holt,Undistinguished Americans, 43 ff.

[75]Jacob Riis,How the Other Half Lives, chap. XVIII.

[76]Robert Hunter,Poverty, chap. I. This is a book that every American should read. The author is indebted to it for much of the material in this chapter.

[77]Robert Hunter,Poverty, 196.

[78]Idem, chap. V.

[79]Richmond Mayo-Smith,Emigration and Immigration, 5 ff.

[80]Walter E. Heyl, inUniversity Settlement Studies.

[81]F. J. Warne,The Slav Invasion, 103.

[82]Rena M. Atchison,Un-American Immigration, 82.

[83]Richmond Mayo-Smith,Emigration and Immigration, 84 ff.

[84]* Represents the recapitulation of totals of Europe, Asia, Africa and all other countries.

[85]Josiah Strong,Our Country, 56.

[86]Kate H. Claghorn, inCharitiesfor December, 1904.

[87]Broughton Brandenburg,Imported Americans, 19.

[88]Sidney Sampson, pamphlet, "The Immigration Problem."

[89]Fung Yuet Mow, Chinese missionary in New York, says that at a missionary Conference which he attended in Canton there were fifty missionaries present, native Chinese, and half of them were converted in our missions in America, and returned home to seek the conversion of their people. Everywhere he met the influence of Chinese who found Christ in this country.

[90]Henry H. Hamilton in theHome Missionary.

[91]In one city in Massachusetts, where there are 1,700 Italians only fifty or sixty attend the Roman Catholic Church; and in another, of 6,000 Italians, only about 300 go to that church. They declare that they are tired of the Romish Church and have lost faith in its priests. Similar reports come from all parts of the country.

[92]There are numerous instances equally remarkable. Many young people express their desire to lead true lives and the missionaries often learn how well the resolutions made at Ellis Island have been kept. One missionary says: "I meet one here and another there, who tell me that I met them first three or four years ago, when they first reached this country, strangers to Christ as well as to me; but now they say, 'We love to tell the story of Jesus and his love.' Some of the denominations have houses fitted up for the temporary entertainment of immigrants who need a safe place while waiting to hear from friends or secure employment. This missionary work admirably supplements the excellent service rendered by the protective organizations, of which the United Hebrews Charities is perhaps the most influential, dispensing funds amounting to $270,000 a year, including the Baron Hirsch fund. There is also an Immigrant Girls' Home which saves many from temptation while they are seeking employment, and helps them secure places in Christian families."

[93]Rev. Joel S. Ives, pamphlet, "The Foreigner in New England."

[94]Appendix C.

[95]Some denominations already have theological training departments for foreign people. The French-American College at Springfield, Massachusetts, is the first distinctive training school for foreigners.

[96]"The Foreign Problem." Published by the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions.

[97]Rev. F. H. Allen, inHome Missionaryfor January, 1906.

[98]Rev. C. W. Shelton reports typical cases, that could be duplicated by every secretary of a Home Missionary Society and every missionary. In one mission church a young Swede girl gave $25 a month, out of her earnings as cook, toward the pastor's support. In a Finnish church, another young woman pledged $30 a month out a salary of $50. A Chinese mission in California supports three native workers in China. A Slav Mission Sunday-school in Braddock, Pennsylvania, with thirty members, gave out of its poverty, as one year's record, $6 for home missions, $1.25 for windows in a new Bohemian church, $1 for missionary schools, $6.35 for maps, and $6 for a foreign missionary ship. Nearly fifty cents a member these Slavs gave; and that amount per member from all Christian Churches and Sunday-schools would make the missionary treasuries much fuller than at present.

[99]Words used by Dr. A. L. Phillips, of Richmond, Va., at the Asheville Conference, July, 1906.

[100]From Annual Report of Commissioner-General of Immigration for 1905.

[101]Statement from Commissioner-General F. P. Sargent.

[102]From the Lutheran World.

"Anywhere,provided it beforward."—David Livingstone

Prepared under the auspices of the

Executive Committee:—Harry Wade Hicks, S. Earl Taylor, John W. Wood, F. P. Haggard, T. H. P. Sailer.

The Forward Mission Study Courses are an outgrowth of a conference of leaders in Young People's Mission Work, held in New York City, December, 1901. To meet the need that was manifested at that conference for Mission Study Text-books suitable for young people, two of the delegates, Professor Amos R. Wells, of the United Society of Christian Endeavor, and Mr. S. Earl Taylor, Chairman of the General Missionary Committee of the Epworth League, projected the Forward Mission Study Courses. These courses have been officially adopted by the Young People's Missionary Movement, and are now under the immediate direction of the Executive Committee of the Movement, which consists of the young people's secretaries, or other official representatives of twelve of the leading missionary boards of the United States and Canada.

The aim is to publish a series of text-books covering the various home and foreign mission fields, and written by leading authorities with special reference to the needs of young people. The entire series when completed will comprise perhaps as many as twenty text-books. A general account will be given of some of the smaller countries, such as Japan, Korea, and Turkey; but, for the larger fields, as China, Africa, and India, the general account will be supplemented by a series of biographies of the principal missionaries connected with the country. The various home mission fields will also be treated both biographically and historically.

The following text-books have been published:—

1. The Price of Africa.(Biographical.) By S. Earl Taylor.2. Into All the World.A General Survey of Missions. By Amos R. Wells.3. Princely Men in the Heavenly Kingdom.(Biographical.) By Harlan P. Beach, M.A., F.R.G.S.4. Child Life in Mission Lands.A Course of Study for Junior Societies. By Ralph E. Diffendorfer.5. Sunrise in the Sunrise Kingdom.A Study of Japan. By the Rev. John H. De Forest, D.D.6. Heroes of the Cross in America.Home Missions. (Biographical.) By Don O. Shelton.7. Daybreak in the Dark Continent.A Study of Africa. By Wilson S. Naylor.8. The Christian Conquest of India.A Study of India. By Bishop James M. Thoburn.9. Aliens or Americans?A Study of Immigration. By Rev. Howard B. Grose, Ph.D.

1. The Price of Africa.(Biographical.) By S. Earl Taylor.

2. Into All the World.A General Survey of Missions. By Amos R. Wells.

3. Princely Men in the Heavenly Kingdom.(Biographical.) By Harlan P. Beach, M.A., F.R.G.S.

4. Child Life in Mission Lands.A Course of Study for Junior Societies. By Ralph E. Diffendorfer.

5. Sunrise in the Sunrise Kingdom.A Study of Japan. By the Rev. John H. De Forest, D.D.

6. Heroes of the Cross in America.Home Missions. (Biographical.) By Don O. Shelton.

7. Daybreak in the Dark Continent.A Study of Africa. By Wilson S. Naylor.

8. The Christian Conquest of India.A Study of India. By Bishop James M. Thoburn.

9. Aliens or Americans?A Study of Immigration. By Rev. Howard B. Grose, Ph.D.

These books are published by mutual arrangement among the denominational publishing houses, to whom all orders should be addressed. They are bound uniformly, and are sold for 50 cents, in cloth, and 35 cents, in paper, postage extra.

Study classes desiring more advanced text-books are referred to the admirable series published by the Interdenominational Committee of the Woman's Boards. The volumes already published are:—

Via Christi.A Study of Missions before Carey. By Louise Manning Hodgkins.Lux Christi.A Study of Missions in India. By Caroline Atwater Mason.Rex Christus.A Study of Missions in China. By Rev. Arthur H. Smith, D.D.Dux Christus.A Study of Missions in Japan. By Rev. W. E. Griffis, D.D.Christus Liberator.A Study of Missions in Africa. By Ellen C. Parsons.Christus Redemptor.A Study of the Island World. By Helen Barrett Montgomery.

Via Christi.A Study of Missions before Carey. By Louise Manning Hodgkins.

Lux Christi.A Study of Missions in India. By Caroline Atwater Mason.

Rex Christus.A Study of Missions in China. By Rev. Arthur H. Smith, D.D.

Dux Christus.A Study of Missions in Japan. By Rev. W. E. Griffis, D.D.

Christus Liberator.A Study of Missions in Africa. By Ellen C. Parsons.

Christus Redemptor.A Study of the Island World. By Helen Barrett Montgomery.

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