[Footnote 17:Apuntes sobre la Lengua Mije, por C.H. Berendt, M.D., MS., in my hands. The comparison is made of 158 words in the two languages, of which 44 have marked affinity, besides the numerals, eight out of ten of which are the same. Many of the remaining words are related to the Zapotec, and there are very few and faint resemblances to Maya dialects. One of them may possibly be in this name, Votan (uotan), heart, however. In Mixe the word for heart ishot. I note this merely to complete my observations on the Votan myth.]
[Footnote 18: Juan B. Carriedo,Estudios Historicos y Estadisticos del Estado Libre de Oaxaca, p. 3 (Oaxaca, 1847).]
[Footnote 19: Ibid., p. 94,note, quoting from the works of Las Casas and Francisco Burgoa.]
[Footnote 20: "Afirman que fue trasladado al cielo, y que al tiempo de su partida dexó al Cacique de aquella Provincia por heredero de su santidad i poderio." Lucas Fernaudez Piedrahita,Historia General de las Conquistas del Nueoo Reyno de Granada, Lib. i, cap. iii (Amberes, 1688).]
[Footnote 21: Uricoechea says, "al principio del mundo la luz estaba encerrada en una cosa que no podian describir i que llamabanChiminigague, ó El Criador."Gramatica de la Lengua Chibcha, Introd., p. xix.Chiein this tongue means light, moon, month, honor, and is also the first person plural of the personal pronoun.Ibid., p. 94. Father Simon saysgaguais "el nombre del mismo sol," though ordinarily Sun isSua.]
[Footnote 22: The principal authority for the mythology of the Mayscas, or Chibchas, is Padre Pedro Simon,Noticias Historiales de las Conquistas de Tierra Firme en el Nuevo Reyno de Granada, Pt. iv, caps. ii, iii, iv, printed in Kingsborough,Mexican Antiquities, vol. viii, and Piedrahita as above quoted.]
[Footnote 23: "Juxta Paraquariae metropolim rupes utcumque cuspidata, sed in modicam planitiem desinens cernitur, in cujus summitate vestigia pedum humanorum saxo impressa adhuc manent, affirmantibus constanter indigenis, ex eo loco Apostolum Thomam multitudini undequaque ad eum audiendum confluenti solitum fuisse legem divinam tradere: et addunt mandiocae, ex qua farinam suam ligneam conficiunt, plantandae rationem ab eodem accepisse." P. Nicolao del Techo,Historia Provincial Paraquariae Societatis Jesu, Lib. vi, cap. iv (folio, Leodii, 1673).]
[Footnote 24: "Ipse abii," he writes in his well known Letter, "et propriis oculis inspexi, quatuor pedum et digitorum satis alté impressa vestigia, quae nonnunquam aqua excrescens cooperit." The reader will remember the similar event in the history of Quetzalcoatl (see above, chapter iii, §3)]
[Footnote 25: "E Brasiliâ in Guairaniam euntibus spectabilis adhuc semita viditur, quam ab Sancto Thoma ideo incolae vocant, quod per eam Apostolus iter fecisse credatur; quae semita quovis anni tempore eumdem statum conservat, modicé in ea crescendibus herbis, ab adjacenti campo multum herbescenti prorsus dissimilibus, praebetque speciem viae artificiosé ductae; quam Socii nostri Guairaniam excolentes persaepe non sine stupore perspexisse se testantur." Nicolao del Techo,ubi suprá, Lib. vi, cap. iv.
The connection of this myth with the course of the sun in the sky, "the path of the bright God," as it is called in the Veda, appears obvious. So also in later legend we read of the wonderful slot or trail of the dragon Fafnir across the Glittering Heath, and many cognate instances, which mythologists now explain by the same reference.]
[Footnote 26: "Ilium quoque pollicitum fuisse, se aliquando has regiones revisurum." Father Nobrega,ubi suprá. For the other particulars I have given see Nicolao del Techo,Historia Provinciae Paraquariae, Lib. vi, cap. iv, "De D. Thomae Apostoli itineribus;" and P. Antonio Ruiz,Conquista Espiritual hecha por los Religiosos de la Compañia de Jesus en las Provincias del Paraguay, Parana, Uruguay y Tape, fol. 29, 30 (4to., Madrid, 1639). The remarkable identity of the words relating to their religious beliefs and observances throughout this widespread group of tribes has been demonstrated and forcibly commented on by Alcide D'Orbigny,L'Homme Americain, vol. ii, p. 277. The Vicomte de Porto Seguro identifies Zume with theCemiof the Antilles, and this etymology is at any rate not so fanciful as most of those he gives in his imaginative work,L'Origine Touranienne des Americaines Tupis-Caribes, p. 62 (Vienna, 1876).]
[Footnote 27:Monographie des Dènè Dindjié, parC.R.P.E. Petitot, pp. 84-87 (Paris, 1876). Elsewhere the writer says: "Tout d'abord je dois rappeler mon observation que presque toujours, dans les traditions Dènè, le couple primitif se compose dedeux frères." Ibid., p. 62.]
[Footnote 28: For the extent and particulars of this myth, many of the details of which I omit, see Petitot,ubi suprá, pp. 68, 87, note; Matthew Macfie.Travels in Vancouver Island and British Columbia, pp. 452-455 (London, 1865); and J.K. Lord,The Naturalist in Vancouver Island and British Columbia(London, 1866). It is referred to by Mackenzie and other early writers.]
[Footnote 29: See his "Essai sur l'Origine des Dènè-Dindjié," in hisMonographie, above quoted.]
[Footnote 30: "Alle Sitten sind sittlich." Lazarus,Ursprung der Sitte, S. 5, quoted by Roskoff. I hardly need mention that our wordmorality, frommos, means by etymology, simply what is customary and of current usage. The moral man is he who conforms himself to the opinions of the majority. This is also at the basis of Robert Browning's definition of a people: "A people is but the attempt of many to rise to the completer life of one" (A Soul's Tragedy).]
[Footnote 31: "Las cosas que el Bochica les enseñaba eran buenas, siendo assi, que tenian por malo lo mismo que nosotros tenemos por tal." Piedrahita,Historia General de las Conquistas del Nuevo Reyno de Granada, Lib. i, Cap. iii.]
[Footnote 32: The reader willing to pursue the argument further can find these collections of ancient American laws in Sahagun,Historia de Nueva España, for Mexico; in Geronimo Roman,Republica de las Indias Occidentales, for Utatlan and other nations; for Peru in theRelacion del Origen, Descendencia, Politica, y Gobierno de los Incas, por el licenciado Fernando de Santillan(published at Madrid. 1879); and for the Muyscas, in Piedrahita,Hist. Gen. del Nuevo Reyno de Granada, Lib. ii, cap. v.]
[Footnote 33: P. Joseph de Acosta,Historia Natural y Moral de las Indias, Lib. vi, cap. 31 (Barcelona, 1591).]
[Footnote 34: See Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxochitl,Historica Chichimeca, cap. xlix; and Joseph Joaquin Granados y Galvez,Tardes Americanas, p. 90 (Mexico, 1778).]
[Footnote 35: Roger Williams,A Key Into the Language of America, p. 152.]
[Footnote 36: See especially theNoticias sobre el Nuevo Reino de Granada, in theColleccion de Documentos ineditos del Archivo de Indias, vol. v, p. 529.]
THE END.
INDEXES.
I. INDEX OF AUTHORS.
Acosta, J. deAlegre, F.X.Anales del Museo Nacional de MejicoAncona, EligioAngrand, L.Annals of CuauhtitlanAntonio, G.Argoll, CaptAvila, Francisco de
Bancroft, H.H.Baraga, FrederickBasalenque, D.BecerraBeltran, de Santa RosaBerendt, C.H.Bernal DiazBertonio, L.Betanzos, Juan deBobadilla, F. deBoturini, L.Bourbourg, Brasseur de, see Brasseur.Brasseur (de Bourbourg), C.Buschmann, J.C.E.Buteux, Father
Cabrera, P.F.Campanius, ThomasCampbell, JohnCarriedo, J.B.Carrillo, CrescencioCharency, H. deCharlevoix, PéreChavero, AlfredoChaves, Gabriel deChilan Balam, Books ofClavigero, Francesco S.Codex BorgianusCodex Telleriano-RemensisCodex TroanoCodex VaticanusCogolludo, D.L. deComte, AugusteCortes, HernanCox, Sir George W.Cuoq, J.A.Cusic, David
Desjardins, E.D'Orbigny, A.Duran, Diego
Elder, F.X.
Fischer, HeinrichFranco, P.Fuen-Leal, Ramirez de
Gabriel de San BuenaventuraGarcia, G.Garcia y Garcia, A.Gatschet, A.S.Gomara, F.L.Granados y Galvez, J.J.
Hale, HoratioHaupt, PaulHernandez, FranciscoHernandez, M.Herrera, Antonio deHolguin, D.G.Humbolt, A.V.
Ixtlilxochitl, F.A. de
Jourdanet, M.
Keary, Charles F.Kingsborough, Lord
Lalemant, FatherLanda, D. deLang, J.D.Las Casas, B. deLazarus, Prof.Leon, Cieza deLe Plongeon, Dr.Lizana, B.Lord, J.K.Lubbock, Sir John
Macfie, M.Mangan, ClarenceMarkham, C.R.Melgar, J.M.Mendieta, Geronimo deMendoza, G.Molina, Alonso deMolina, C. deMontejo, Francisco deMotolinia, PadreMotul, Diccionario deMüller, Max
Nieremberg, E. deNobrega, E.
Ollanta, drama ofOlmos, Andre deOrozco y Berra, SeñorOviedo, G.F. de
Pachacuti, J. dePech, NakukPerrot, NicholasPetitot, P.E.Piedrahita, L.T.Pimentel, F.Pinart, A.L.Pineda, E.Pio Perez, J.Popol Vuh, thePorto Seguro, V. dePrescott, W.H.
Rau, CharlesRea, A. de laRialle, G. deRoman, H.Roskoff, GustavRuiz, A.
Sagard PéreSahagun, B. deSanchez, JesusSantillan, F. deSchoolcraft, H. R.Schultz-Sellack, Dr.C.Schwartz, F.L.W.Short, J.T.Simeon, RemiSimon, P.Sotomayor, J. de V.Squier, B. G.Stephens, J.L.Strachey, William
Tanner, JohnTaylor, S.Techo, N. deTernaux-Compans, MTezozomoc, A.Tiele, C.P.Tobar, Juan deToledo, F. deTorquemada, Juan deTrumbull, J.H.Tschudi, J.J. von
Uricoechea, E.
Valera, BlasVega, Garcillaso, de laVega, Nuñez de la Veitia
Waitz, Th.Wiener, C.Williams, Roger
Xahila, F.E.A.
Zegarra, G.P.
II. INDEX OF SUBJECTS.
Abancay, in PeruAbstract expressionsAcan, Maya god of wineAcantun, Maya deitiesAges of the worldAh-kiuic, deity of the MayasAh-puchah, deity of the MayasAir, gods of; see WindAlgonkins, their location" their hero-mythAmun, Egyptian deityAnahuacAnimiki, the thunder godArawack languageAres, the GreekArnava, name of ViracochaApotampoArama, deity of the MoxosArrival, the Great and LessAtaensic, an Iroquois deityAtahualpa IncaAtecpanamochco, the bath of QuetzalcoatlAthabascan myths and languagesAticsi, epithet of ViracochaAurora, myths of; see DawnAyar, AnccaAyar Cachi, a name of ViracochaAyar MancoAyar UchuAymaras, myths of" language ofAztecs, location ofAztecs in YucatanAztlan, meaning of
Bacabs, the fourBaldur, the NorseBall, the game ofBearded hero-godBelly, the, in symbolismBird, symbol ofBisexual deitiesBochica, hero-god of the MuyscasBorrowing in mythsButterfly, the, as a symbol of the wind
Cadmus, the myth ofCakchiquels, myths ofCamaxtli, a name of TezcatlipocaCanas tribeCanil, a name of ItzamnaCannook, deity of DènèCarapaco, lake ofCarcha, town ofCardinal points, worship ofCaylla, epithet of ViracochaCe Acatl, One Reed, a name of QuetzalcoatlCe Acatl InacuilCemi, deity of ArawacksChac, deity of the MayasChacamarca, river ofChac Mool, supposed idolChalchihuitlChalchiuitlicue, Aztec goddessChalchihuitzli, Aztec deityChalchiuhapan, the bath of QuetzalcoatlChasca, Qquichua deityChem, Egyptian deityChibchas, see MuyscasChibilias, a Maya goddessChichen ItzaChichimees, theChickaban, a festivalChicomecoatl, an Aztec deityChicomoztocChimalmanChimalmatlChimizapagua, name of BochicaChivim, land ofChnum, Egyptian deityChoctaws, myth ofCholulaChristianity, effects ofCincalco, Cave ofCipactli, in Aztec mythCipactonal, in Aztec mythCitlatonac, an Aztec deityCitlallicue, an Aztec deityCitlaltlachtliCoatl, in NahuatlCoatecalli, the Aztec PantheonCoatlicue, Aztec goddessCocoms, theColhuacanColla, a Peruvian deityColors, symbolism ofCon, Peruvian deityConcachaConchuyCondorcoto, the mountainCondoy, hero-god of MixesCoto, villageCoyote, sacred to TezcatlipocaCozcapan, fountain ofCozumel, cross ofCross, the, symbol ofCuchaviva, goddess of MuyscasCueravaperi, goddess of TarascosCuernava, cave ofCum-ahau, a Maya deityCuricaberis, deity of TarascosCuzco, founding of" temple of
Darkness, powers ofDawn, the mansion of the" myths ofDènè, myths ofDrum, the sacredDyaus, the Aryan godDyonisiac worship, the
East, sacredness ofEchuac, a Maya deityEgyptian mythologyEurope, carried off by Zeus
Fafnir, the dragonFatal children, the myth ofFire, origin ofFive eggs, theFlint stone, myths ofFlood myth, theFour brothers, the myths of" sacred numbers" roads to the underworldFreya, Norse goddessFrog, as symbol of water
Genesiac principle, worship ofGijigonai, the day makersGlittering heath, theGolden locks of the hero-godGreat Bear, constellation ofGuanacaure, mountain ofGuaranis tribeGuaymis, tribe of DarienGuazacoalcoGucumatz, god of Kiches
HachaccunaHanmachis, the sun-godHeart, symbol ofHenotheism in religionsHermaphrodite deitiesHermes, Greek myth ofHill of Heaven, theHobnel, deity of the MayasHomonomyHuanacauriHuastecs, theHuarachiri Indians, myth ofHuayna Capac, IncaHuehuetlan, town ofHuemac, a name of QuetzalcoatlHueytecpatl, an Aztec deityHue TlapallanHueytonantzin, an Aztec deityHuitzilopochtli, Aztec deitybirth ofHuitznahna, Aztec deityHunchbacks, attendant on QuetzalcoatlHunhunahpu, a Kiche deityHunpictok, a Maya deityHurons, myth ofHurukan, god of Kiches
Idea of God, evolution ofIlla, name of ViracochaIncas, empire ofIndraIoskeha, the myth of" derivation ofIroquois, their location" hero myth ofItzamal, city ofItzamna, the Maya hero god" his namesItzas, a Maya tribeItztlacoliuhqui, Aztec deityIx-chebel-yax, Maya goddessIxchel, the rainbow goddessIxcuin, an Aztec deityIzona, error for ItzamnaIztac Mixcoatl
Jupiter, the planet
Kabironokka, the NorthKabil, a name of ItzamnaKabun, the WestKiches, myths ofKinich ahau, a name of ItzamnaKinich ahau habanKinich kakmo, a name of ItzamnaKukulcan, myth of" meaning of name
Languages, sacred, of priests" AmericanLaws, native AmericanLif, the TeutonicLight, its place in mythologyLight-god, the" color ofLight, woman ofLucifer, worshiped by Mayas
Maize, origin ofManco CapacMani, province ofMarriage ceremoniesMaster of life, theMat, the virgin goddessMa TlapallanMayapan, destruction of" foundation ofMayas, myths of" language" ancestors of" prophecies ofMeconetzin, a name of QuetzalcoatlMeztitlan, province ofMichabo, myth of" derivation ofMichoacanMictlancalcoMirror, the magicMirrors, of AztecsMixcoatl, a name of TezcatlipocaMixes, tribeMonenequi, a name of TezcatlipocaMonotheism in PeruMoon, in Algonkin myths" in Aztec mythsMoquequeloa, a name of TezcatlipocaMorals and religionMorning, house of theMoxos, myths ofMoyocoyatzin, a name of TezcatlipocaMuskrat, in Algonkin mythologyMuyscas, myths of" laws of
Nahuatl, the languageNanacatltzatzi, an Aztec deityNanih WayehNanihehecatle, name of QuetzalcoatlNarcissus, the myth ofNemterequeteba, name of BochicaNezahualcoyotzin, Aztec rulerNezaualpilli, a name of TezcatlipocaNicaraguans, myths ofNonoalcoNuns, houses of
Oaxaca, province ofOcchuc, townOcelotl, theOdin, the NorseOjibway dialect, the" mythOmetochtli, an Aztec deityOrelbale, Athabascan, deityOsiris, the myth ofOtomiesOtosis, in myth buildingOttawas, an Algonkin tribeOwl, as a symbol of the windOxomuco, in Aztec myth
Pacarina, the, in PeruPacari tampuPachacamacPachayachachi, epithet of ViracochaPalenque, the cross of" building ofPantecatl, Aztec deityPanuco, province ofPapachtic, a name of QuetzalcoatlPariacaca, a Peruvian deityParonymsParturition, symbol ofPaths of the godsPay zume, a hero-godPerseusPersonificationPeten, lakePhallic emblemsPhoebusPinahua, a Peruvian deityPirhuaPiruaPochotl son of QuetzalcoatlPolyonomy in myth buildingPrayers, purpose of" to Quetzalcoatl" to ViraoochaProper names in American languagesProphecies of MayasProsopopeiaPulque, myths concerning
QABAUIL, god of KichesQquichua languageQquonn, Peruvian deityQuateczizque, priests so-calledQuauhtitlanQuetzalcoatlidentified with the Eastmeaning of the nameas godcontest with Tezcatlipocathe hero of Tulaworshiped in Cholulaborn of a virginhis bathas the planet Venusas lord of the windsgod of thievesrepresentationsQuetzalpetlatl
Ra, the Sun-godRabbit, the giant" in Algonkin myths" in Aztec mythsRainbow, as a deityRains, gods ofRed Land, the, see TlapallanReligions, classifications of" the essence of" and moralsRepose, the place ofReproduction, myths concerningResurrection, belief inRomulus and Remus
Sand, place ofSarama and Sarameyas, a Sanscrit mythSerpent symbol, theSerpents, the king ofSeven brothers, the" caves or tribes, theShawano, the southShu, Egyptian deitySkunk, sacred to TezcatlipocaSnailshell symbolSogamoso, townSoma, the intoxicatingSons of the cloudsSterility, relief fromSua, name of BochicaSun worship in Peru" in AmericaSun, the city ofSuns, the AztecSurites, deity of Tarascos
Tahuantin Suyu kapacTampuquiruTamu, a hero-godTapirsTarascosTaripaca, epithet of ViracochaTawiscara, in Iroquois mythTecpancaltzin, a Toltec kingTecpatl, an Aztec deityTehotennhiaron, Iroquois deityTehunatepec tribesTeimatini, a name of TezcatlipocaTelephassa, mother of CadmusTelpochtli, a name of TezctlipocaTentetemic, an Aztec deityTeocolhuacanTeometl, theTexcalapanTexcaltlauhcoTeyocoyani, a name of TezcatlipocaTezcatlachcoTezcatlipoca, Aztec deityhis namesderivation of nameas twinscontests with Quetzalcoatlslays Ometochlidressed in the tiger skinTezcatlipoca-CamaxtliTezcucoTharonhiawakon, in IroquoisThomas, Saint, in AmericaThunder, myth ofTiahuanaco, myth concerningTicci, name of ViracochaTiger, as a symbolTiticaca lakeTitlacauan, a name of TezcatlipocaTizapan, the White LandTlacauepanTlaloc, Aztec deityTlalocanTlamatzincatl, a name of TezcatlipocaTlanqua-cemilhuique, a name of the ToltecsTlapallanTlatlallan, the fire landTlillan, the dark landThllapa, the murky landThlpotonqui, a name of QuetzalcoatlTocapo, epithet of ViracochaToh, a Kiche deityTokay, epithet of ViracochaTollan, see TulaTollan-CholollanTollan TlapallanTollantzincoToltecs, theTonalanTonatlanTonaca cihuatl, an Aztec deityTonaca tecutli, Aztec deityTopiltzin, a name of QuetzalcoatlToltec, an Aztec deityTotems, origin ofToveyo, theTree of life, theTree of the MirrorTualati, myth ofTukupay, epithet of ViracochaTula, the mythical city ofTum, Egyptian deityTume, a hero-godTunapa, name of ViracochaTupac Yupanqui, IncaTupi-Guaranay tribesTwins, in mythologyTwo brothers, myths ofTzatzitepec, the hill of shoutingTzendals, hero-myth ofTzinteotl, Aztec deityTtzitzimime, Aztec deities
Uac metun ahau, a name of ItzamnaUalum chivimUalum uotanUrcos, temple ofUsapu, epithet of ViracochaUtatlan, province of
Vase, lord of theVenus, the planet, in mythsViracocha, myth of" meaning of" statues of" worship ofVirgin cow, the, in EgyptVirgin-mother, myth ofVirgins of the sun, in PeruVotan, hero-god of Tzendals
Wabawang, the morning starWabun, or the EastWater, in mythology" gods ofWest, in mythologyWest wind, theWheel of the months" of the windsWhite hero-god, the" land" serpentWinds, gods ofWorld-stream, the
XalacXbalanque, hero-god of KichesXicapoyan, the bath of QuetzalcoatlXilotzin, son of QuetzalcoatlXiu, Maya family ofXmukane, in Kiche mythXochitl, the maidenXochitlycacan, the rose gardenXochiquetzal, an Aztec deity
Yacacoliuhqui, Aztec deityYacatecutli, Aztec deityYahualli ehecatl, a name of QuetzalcoatlYalahau, deity of TzendalsYale, deity of the DènèYamquesupa, lake ofYaotlnecoc, a name of TezcatlipocaYaotzin, a name of TezcatlipocaYaqui, derivation ofYax-coc-ahmut, a name of ItzamnaYêl, deity of DènèYmamana ViracochaYoalli ehecatl, a name of TezcatlipocaYoamaxtli, a name of TezcatlipocaYoel of the windsYolcuat QuetzalcoatYucatanYunca languageYupanqui, Inca
ZacuanZapala, epithet of ViracochaZapotecs, tribeZeus, the GreekZipacna, a Kiche dietyZitacuarencuaro, a festivalZivena vitzcatlZoques, tribeZuhe, name of BochicaZume, a hero-godZuyva, Tollan in