CONCLUSION.

In the prospectus of this work, the expectation was expressed that each Number would contain from 64 to 80 pages; that as many as four Numbers might be issued within the year, and engravings were promised for such subjects as might require them.

The Numbers published, have actually contained from 104 to 132 pages, the four have been issued within a period of ten months, and twelve copper-plate engravings and several woodcuts, illustrate the present volume.

Of the subjects proposed in the plan of the work, our pages contain notices, more or less extensive, of Geology, Mineralogy, Botany, Zoology, Chemistry, Natural Philosophy, Mathematics, Useful Arts, Fine Arts, Inventions, Reviews, Biography, and Intelligence. How far then we have redeemed our pledge, we leave it for our readers to decide.

In the commencement of an enterprise, for the first time attempted in this country, an enterprise arduous in its nature and uncertain in its issue, it will not be doubted that considerable solicitude was experienced.

To concentrate American efforts in science and the arts, by furnishing a Journal to record their proceedings, will, in our view, not only have a direct influence in promoting the honour and prosperity of the nation as connected with its physical interests, but will also tend in no small degree to nourish an enlarged patriotism, by winning the public mind from the odious asperities of party. That entire success will attend our efforts, it would perhaps be presumptuous to expect, but we trust that the interesting previous question, whether such a work can be adequately sustained, by appropriate materials, may be considered as now decided. The support which we have received, and for which we are deeply grateful, has been far beyond our most sanguine hopes, and has caused us to dispense with no small portion of those less important efforts of our own, with which we were prepared to succour our infant undertaking.

If we may be allowed to express a wish relative to the nature of future communications, it would be, that those of a scientific nature should not be diminished, while those relating to the arts, to agriculture, and to domestic economy, should be increased; we particularly solicit the communications of practical men, versed in the useful and ornamental arts, and they will be acceptable should they not even be clothed in a scientific dress.

Arrangements have been made for the reception of an increased number of the best European Journals, both from the continent and from Britain; they have already begun to arrive, and we hope to give in future numbers, more full details of foreign scientific intelligence, although it is true that this species of information has hitherto been stinted, not from poverty of materials, but from the pressure of original American communications.

In justice to the publishers of this work, we add, thatthis publication is an expensive one; very heavy advances have been already made by them, while only a trivial amount has been received in return. It is hoped, therefore, that subscribers will promptly remit,free from postage, the small stipulated sum, and also make the required advance for the succeeding volume. This last is not due till the first number of that volume has been issued, but it would save postage to remit both sums at once, and thus also it will be known what subscriptions are continued. In a subscription so widely dispersed over a large portion of the United States, an inattention topunctual payment, must soon put in hazard the existence of a work, having otherwise the fairest prospects of continuance, and we hope of usefulness.

Should this appeal be promptly answered, the first number of the next volume (already in considerable forwardness,) will be published in the course of the summer; and should men of ability continue to furnish communications, andthe public bewilling to pay for the work, it is our wish to publish future numbers with greater frequency, and to complete our volumes whenever we are prepared, without confining ourselves to particular periods of time.

New-Haven, Conn. May 17, 1819.

American geological society.

We have the pleasure to announce, that an American Geological Society has been recently organized by an association of gentlemen, residing in various parts of the United States. An Act of Incorporation, conferring the necessary powers, has been granted by the Legislature of Connecticut, and farther accounts of the plan and progress of the Society may be expected in future numbers of this work.

FOOTNOTES:[46]See Number 1.page 59.[47]The proper name of these prairies, and of one of the places where they are found, being illegible in the MS, we were obliged to omit those names; we believe however that the sense is not injured.—Editor.[48]Former orthography,ToghconnuckandToghconnuc. That of the text deviates farther from theIndian, but is later and preferable.[49]SeeMap.[50]If this memoir should ever meet the eye of this amiable man, I trust he will excuse the notice to which his labours so justly entitle him. To him we are indebted for a complete science of crystallography, and for having determined the existence and limit of species, which mineralogists had not obtained, and chemists could not determine. He has devoted a long life to the improvement of science, and it is his praise, that he has preserved the meekness of religion amidst the most flattering success. Our scientific countrymen, who have visited Paris, have been particularly indebted to him; and this notice is, in their behalf, both the tribute of justice and gratitude.[51]Mr. Nuttallwill excuse me for retainingmy own specific name. His knowledge of this plant was derived from my Herbarium, where he found it under the name oftripsacum cylindricum, Mich? Although it can hardly be the plant ofMichaux, it was so considered by the lateDr. Muhlenberg, when specimens were first communicated to him. It remains under this name in his Herbarium, but is not included in hiswork on the grasses. He left it for me to describe along with other new and doubtful plants from the south.[52]This is the specific name found in my Herbarium byMr. Nuttall, under which it had been previously transmitted to Mr. Elliott.Vid.Nuttall's North American Genera, v. I. p. 83.[53]Mr. Nuttallwas probably deceived from having examined thespikesbefore they were fully evolved.[54]Mr. Stephen Elliott has confirmed the description of Aublet, in his Botany of the Southern States. (Received January, 1818.Editor.)[55]I refer the scientific reader for further particulars to "An account of a storm of Salt, which fell in January, 1803. By Richard Salisbury, F.R.S. L.S." in the Transactions of the Linnæan Society of London. Vol. VIII. p. 207-10.[56]Linnæan Transactions. Vol. VIII. p. 289.[57]P. 339. Lond. ed.[58]Maintained by Dr. Mitchill.[59]My friend, Dr. John Torrey, has favoured me with the following results of some experiments, which he made at my request upon the last snow which fell. "A pint and a half of snow water was reduced by evaporation to a few drops. On testing this with vegetable blue infusions no alteration of colour took place. It was afterward evaporated to dryness, and about a quarter of a grain of a solid residuum was obtained. This was redissolved in a small quantity of pure rain water, and prussiate of potash added to it, without occasioning any precipitate. Nitrate of silver produced a white precipitate so copious, that the solution was thick with it. Carbonate of soda produced no effect. The transparency of a solution of muriate of barytes was not disturbed by it. These experiments prove, that afree aciddoes not exist in snow water, but that the muriate exists in it combined with an alkali, which is most probably soda."[60]Mr. J. Murray, of London, considers this to be a mistake.Free muriatic acid, and not muriate of soda, he says, will be found in the recipient.—Elements of Chemistry.Part I. p. 212. Lond. ed. 1818.[61]That is, in those oaks which grow near the salt water, the branches that directly face the sea do not attain so great size and strength as those on the opposite side; this has also been observed on the south side of Long-Island.[62]Volney's Travels in Syria and Egypt. Vol. I. p. 48. Perth ed.[63]Volney's Travels in Syria and Egypt. Vol. I. p. 217.[64]Darwin's Botanic Garden. P. 256.[65]To prove that salt is absorbed into land plants growing near the sea, the following facts, for which I am indebted to my friend, Dr. D. V. Knevels, are conclusive. The fruit of those cocoa-nut trees which grow near the seashore in the West-Indies is generally found to have a saltish taste; and even the milk in the nut is perceptibly impregnated with it. Those trees on the contrary which grow in the interior, beyond the influence of salt water, have their fruit perfectly fresh and sweet.The same gentleman informs me, that in a plantation of his father's, in the West-Indies, situated on the seashore, a whole crop of the cane was rendered unfit for the purpose of making sugar, in consequence of the great quantity of salt which it had imbibed.[66]Journal of Science and the Arts. No. X.[67]Volney's Travels in Syria and Egypt, Vol. I. p. 167.[68]On the subject of the Egyptian ophthalmia, it may be asked "why it does not appear in innumerable other situations, equally exposed to salt air, as Cape Cod, and the West-India Islands?" To this it may be replied, that in the production of any disease whatever, apredisposingstate of the system is as necessary as anexcitingcause. This predisposition appears to exist in a great degree among the Egyptians, and depends upon the nature of their climate, their habits, and mode of living, all of which have a tendency to producedebilityof the eyes, and thus render them more susceptible of the impression of those causes which excite inflammation.[69]Rush's Medical Observations and Inquiries, Vol. II. p. 132.[70]Volney's Travels, Vol I. p. 226.[71]Rush's Observations and Inquiries, Vol. II. p. 133.[72]This was most remarkably perceived on one occasion, where, under the idea that possibly chrome might exist in the ores, they had been intensely heated in a forge along with pearl ashes. The mass, when lixiviated, gave only a greenish solution, becoming colourless by nitric acid, and again greenish by an alkali; this was supposed to be owing to iron and manganese. No metal was obtained, except a few minute globules of attractable iron, but the laboratory was filled with white fumes, having the peculiar odour alluded to.[73]Several of the facts, we are aware, accord with the properties of bismuth, between which and tellurium there are several strong points of resemblance, but a number of other facts appear irreconcilable with the properties of that metal, and of every other except tellurium.[74]Excepting, that the covers ought to be so depressed, as that their brims may be lower than the bottoms of the interior vessels over which they are placed respectively. This is necessary to prevent the gas from escaping, ere it have access to the surface of the fluid beneath those bottoms.[75]The apparatus may also be made of glass bottles, duly proportioned, and cut (truncated) alternately near the shoulder and near the bottom.[76]In whose Journal it was ordered to be printed, but, to prevent delay, it was published, by the Author, in a separate paper, and forwarded by him to the Editor of this Journal.[77]Possibly the electric fluid causes decompositions when emitted from an impalpable point (as in the experiments of Wollaston) because its repulsive agency is concentred between integral atoms, in a mode analogous to that here referred to; a filament of water in the one case, and of wire in the other, being the medium of discharge.[78]The conclusions are drawn from experiments made by the electricity of the Voltaic apparatus.[79]Especially to Dr. T. P. Jones, and Mr. Rubens Peale, who remember the suggestion.[80]SeePlate. Fig. 3.[81]This evidently differs from the common mode of decomposing the fixed alkalies by galvanism: there the effect depends on electrical attractions and repulsions—here on the chemical agency of ignited iron producedextemporaneouslyin the galvanic circuit: this mode of operating appears to be new.Editor.[82]The glasses may be had by applying to Edw. A. Pearson, No. 71 Cornhill, Boston.

[46]See Number 1.page 59.

[47]The proper name of these prairies, and of one of the places where they are found, being illegible in the MS, we were obliged to omit those names; we believe however that the sense is not injured.—Editor.

[48]Former orthography,ToghconnuckandToghconnuc. That of the text deviates farther from theIndian, but is later and preferable.

[49]SeeMap.

[50]If this memoir should ever meet the eye of this amiable man, I trust he will excuse the notice to which his labours so justly entitle him. To him we are indebted for a complete science of crystallography, and for having determined the existence and limit of species, which mineralogists had not obtained, and chemists could not determine. He has devoted a long life to the improvement of science, and it is his praise, that he has preserved the meekness of religion amidst the most flattering success. Our scientific countrymen, who have visited Paris, have been particularly indebted to him; and this notice is, in their behalf, both the tribute of justice and gratitude.

[51]Mr. Nuttallwill excuse me for retainingmy own specific name. His knowledge of this plant was derived from my Herbarium, where he found it under the name oftripsacum cylindricum, Mich? Although it can hardly be the plant ofMichaux, it was so considered by the lateDr. Muhlenberg, when specimens were first communicated to him. It remains under this name in his Herbarium, but is not included in hiswork on the grasses. He left it for me to describe along with other new and doubtful plants from the south.

[52]This is the specific name found in my Herbarium byMr. Nuttall, under which it had been previously transmitted to Mr. Elliott.Vid.Nuttall's North American Genera, v. I. p. 83.

[53]Mr. Nuttallwas probably deceived from having examined thespikesbefore they were fully evolved.

[54]Mr. Stephen Elliott has confirmed the description of Aublet, in his Botany of the Southern States. (Received January, 1818.Editor.)

[55]I refer the scientific reader for further particulars to "An account of a storm of Salt, which fell in January, 1803. By Richard Salisbury, F.R.S. L.S." in the Transactions of the Linnæan Society of London. Vol. VIII. p. 207-10.

[56]Linnæan Transactions. Vol. VIII. p. 289.

[57]P. 339. Lond. ed.

[58]Maintained by Dr. Mitchill.

[59]My friend, Dr. John Torrey, has favoured me with the following results of some experiments, which he made at my request upon the last snow which fell. "A pint and a half of snow water was reduced by evaporation to a few drops. On testing this with vegetable blue infusions no alteration of colour took place. It was afterward evaporated to dryness, and about a quarter of a grain of a solid residuum was obtained. This was redissolved in a small quantity of pure rain water, and prussiate of potash added to it, without occasioning any precipitate. Nitrate of silver produced a white precipitate so copious, that the solution was thick with it. Carbonate of soda produced no effect. The transparency of a solution of muriate of barytes was not disturbed by it. These experiments prove, that afree aciddoes not exist in snow water, but that the muriate exists in it combined with an alkali, which is most probably soda."

[60]Mr. J. Murray, of London, considers this to be a mistake.Free muriatic acid, and not muriate of soda, he says, will be found in the recipient.—Elements of Chemistry.Part I. p. 212. Lond. ed. 1818.

[61]That is, in those oaks which grow near the salt water, the branches that directly face the sea do not attain so great size and strength as those on the opposite side; this has also been observed on the south side of Long-Island.

[62]Volney's Travels in Syria and Egypt. Vol. I. p. 48. Perth ed.

[63]Volney's Travels in Syria and Egypt. Vol. I. p. 217.

[64]Darwin's Botanic Garden. P. 256.

[65]To prove that salt is absorbed into land plants growing near the sea, the following facts, for which I am indebted to my friend, Dr. D. V. Knevels, are conclusive. The fruit of those cocoa-nut trees which grow near the seashore in the West-Indies is generally found to have a saltish taste; and even the milk in the nut is perceptibly impregnated with it. Those trees on the contrary which grow in the interior, beyond the influence of salt water, have their fruit perfectly fresh and sweet.The same gentleman informs me, that in a plantation of his father's, in the West-Indies, situated on the seashore, a whole crop of the cane was rendered unfit for the purpose of making sugar, in consequence of the great quantity of salt which it had imbibed.

The same gentleman informs me, that in a plantation of his father's, in the West-Indies, situated on the seashore, a whole crop of the cane was rendered unfit for the purpose of making sugar, in consequence of the great quantity of salt which it had imbibed.

[66]Journal of Science and the Arts. No. X.

[67]Volney's Travels in Syria and Egypt, Vol. I. p. 167.

[68]On the subject of the Egyptian ophthalmia, it may be asked "why it does not appear in innumerable other situations, equally exposed to salt air, as Cape Cod, and the West-India Islands?" To this it may be replied, that in the production of any disease whatever, apredisposingstate of the system is as necessary as anexcitingcause. This predisposition appears to exist in a great degree among the Egyptians, and depends upon the nature of their climate, their habits, and mode of living, all of which have a tendency to producedebilityof the eyes, and thus render them more susceptible of the impression of those causes which excite inflammation.

[69]Rush's Medical Observations and Inquiries, Vol. II. p. 132.

[70]Volney's Travels, Vol I. p. 226.

[71]Rush's Observations and Inquiries, Vol. II. p. 133.

[72]This was most remarkably perceived on one occasion, where, under the idea that possibly chrome might exist in the ores, they had been intensely heated in a forge along with pearl ashes. The mass, when lixiviated, gave only a greenish solution, becoming colourless by nitric acid, and again greenish by an alkali; this was supposed to be owing to iron and manganese. No metal was obtained, except a few minute globules of attractable iron, but the laboratory was filled with white fumes, having the peculiar odour alluded to.

[73]Several of the facts, we are aware, accord with the properties of bismuth, between which and tellurium there are several strong points of resemblance, but a number of other facts appear irreconcilable with the properties of that metal, and of every other except tellurium.

[74]Excepting, that the covers ought to be so depressed, as that their brims may be lower than the bottoms of the interior vessels over which they are placed respectively. This is necessary to prevent the gas from escaping, ere it have access to the surface of the fluid beneath those bottoms.

[75]The apparatus may also be made of glass bottles, duly proportioned, and cut (truncated) alternately near the shoulder and near the bottom.

[76]In whose Journal it was ordered to be printed, but, to prevent delay, it was published, by the Author, in a separate paper, and forwarded by him to the Editor of this Journal.

[77]Possibly the electric fluid causes decompositions when emitted from an impalpable point (as in the experiments of Wollaston) because its repulsive agency is concentred between integral atoms, in a mode analogous to that here referred to; a filament of water in the one case, and of wire in the other, being the medium of discharge.

[78]The conclusions are drawn from experiments made by the electricity of the Voltaic apparatus.

[79]Especially to Dr. T. P. Jones, and Mr. Rubens Peale, who remember the suggestion.

[80]SeePlate. Fig. 3.

[81]This evidently differs from the common mode of decomposing the fixed alkalies by galvanism: there the effect depends on electrical attractions and repulsions—here on the chemical agency of ignited iron producedextemporaneouslyin the galvanic circuit: this mode of operating appears to be new.Editor.

[82]The glasses may be had by applying to Edw. A. Pearson, No. 71 Cornhill, Boston.

Accidentsfrom fulminating powders,168.Acid, (sulphuric) lake of,49,58river of,59.Addressto the people of the Western Country,203.Agates,49,134,236.Alkali, a new one,309,310.Alleghanymountains,60.Alluvialformation,324.Alveolites,383.Alumine, pure,310.AmericanGeological Society,442.Amianthus,55.Analcime, at Deerfield,134.Antigua, silicious petrifactions of,56—geology of,141.Apatite,236.Apparatus, improvement on Woolf's, &c.,410.Asbestos,237,243.Asclepiaslanceolata,252.Atwater, (Caleb, Esq.) on prairies,116—on Ohio,207—on Belmont county,226—on winds of the west,276.Augite,244,310.B.Baldwin, (Dr. William) on Rottböllia,355.Barbuda, (island of) its geology,142.Barrensand Prairies of the West,116.Barrow'stravels, extract from,148.Barytes, (sulphat of)63,237,240.Basins, peculiar formation of,213.Battery, (electrical) of Dr. Dana,292.Beck, (Dr. John B.) on salt storms,388.Belmontcounty, Ohio, its geology, &c.,227.Berylof Haddam,242.Bigelow, (Prof.) on American climate,76.Blende,50.Blow-pipe, compound, priority of discovery and use of,97.Boats, steam,8.Bodies, dead, preservation of,307,8.Bones, extraction of gelatine from,170.Botany, American,5.Brace, (Mr. John J.) on cut-worm,154—on minerals of Litchfield county, &c.,350.Brecciaof the Potomack,216.Brest, experiments at,174.Bridge, natural,66,319.Brongniarton organized remains,71—his address in Paris,74.Brown, (Dr. Samuel)147,439.Bruce, (Dr.)3,37,255,299,439.Bufocornuta,265.Burialground of the Aborigines,108.Burrstoneof Indiana,132.C.Cabinetof Col. Gibbs,6—of B. D. Perkins and Dr. Bruce,37.Calendar, floral, of United States,76—near Philadelphia,77—of Plainfield,255—of Deerfield,359.Calorimotorof Prof. Hare,413.Caltonhill, its structure,230.Carbonats, hard, of lime,63—of magnesia, pulverulent, at Hoboken,54—crystallized,142.Cave, Wier's,59,64,317—in Mount Toby,111—at Corydon, with Epsom salt,133.Caves, in Tennessee,429.Chabasie, at Deerfield,49,134.Chalcedonyin silicious wood,57,at Deerfield and East Haven,134.Charactersof minerals,43-45.Cinnabar, in Michigan,433.Clays, porcelain,57,58,242.Cleaveland, (Prof.) Review of his mineralogy,35—notice of,308.Coalmines of Virginia,125—of Tennessee,63—of Ohio,239—of Connecticut,ibid.and240.College, (Medical) of Ohio,311.Colubertrivittata, &c.,260-262.Comstock, (Dr.)433.Cooper, (Prof. Thomas)439.Copal, identity of, with amber,307.Copper-headsnake,84.Copper, native,55.Cornelius, (Rev. Elias)59,214,317.Crotali,263.Cumberlandmountain,221-223.Cut-worm,154.Cuvier'sgeology,68.Cylactis, &c.,377.D.Dana, (Dr. J. F.) on electrical battery,292—on Myrica cerifera,293—on flame,301.Deerfield, Floral Calendar of,359.Delirium, intermissions of,431.Dewey, (Prof. Chester) his sketch, &c.,337.Diploceabarbata,252.Disruptionof the ground at Deerfield,286.Distillationof seawater,172.Doolittle, (Mr. Isaac) on gelatine,170.Drake, (Dr. Daniel) and others,206.Dust, atmospherical,397.Dwight, (Dr. B. W.) on delirium,431.E.Earthquakesof 1811 and 1812,93.Eaton, (Mr. Amos) on New-England geology,69—on Southampton level,136.Elliott(Stephen, Esq.)5.Engine, (Steam) its importance,7.Exoglossum(a freshwater fish)155.F.Fallsin Connecticut river,111.Favosites,389.Fish, impressions of,110.Fisher, (Prof.) his essay, &c.,9,179.Flame, how affected by steam, &c.,401.Flint,225.Floralcalendar of the United States,76—Plainfield,254—Deerfield,359.Floerkea, genus,373.FluorSpar,49-52.G.Galvanism, Dr. Hare's discovery in,413.Gambold, (Mrs.) on the Cherokee plants,245.Gas, (Oxygen) respiration of,95.Gases, (Inflammable) in Ohio,49.Guadaloupe, minerals from,237.Gelatine, how obtained from bones in Paris,170.Geologicalsociety, (American)442.Geologyand mineralogy of Virginia, &c.,50,317—New-England, index of,59—Deerfield and vicinity,107—Indiana,131—Antigua, &c.,140—introduction to the study of,50.Gibbs, (Col. George) on gunpowder,87—on light and magnetism,89,207—on tourmalines, &c.,346.Gill, (Mr. Thomas) his new lamp,207.Gnaphalium, new species of,380.Gneiss,339.Gorham, (Prof. John) elements of chemistry,434.Granite,237,339,437.Grammer, (Mr. John) on coal mines of Virginia,125.Graphite,237.Grindstones,62.Gunpowder, its force, how increased,87.Gypsum,62,211,245.H.Hardcarbonate of lime,63.Hare, (Dr. Robert) his blow-pipe,97—on Woulfe's apparatus,411—his calorimotor,413—theoretical views,434.Harrodsburgsalts, analysis of,403.Hayden, (Dr. H. H.) on new minerals,244,306.Heatand light, new mode of producing,91.Herpetology, Thomas Say on,256.Hitchcock, (Mr. Ed.) on Deerfield, &c.,105—disruption,286—supplement,426.Hoboken, carbonate of magnesia at,54.Hematite, brown,236.Hornstones,62,225.I.Ice, (Greenland)101.Indiana, geology of,131.Insect, destructive,328.Intelligence, botanical,435.Ironores,50,62,438.Ives, (Prof. Eli) on limosella,74—asclepias,252—the potato,297—gnaphalium,380.J.Java, river and lake of sulphuric acid in,58,59.Jameson, (Prof.) his additions to Cuvier,69.Jasper,62,236.Journals, scientific,1-3—of vegetation,76,77,255,359.K.Kain, (Mr. John H.) on geology, &c.,60—mounds and caves,428-430.L.Lane, (Ephraim) his mine,316.Lampwithout flame,207.Leadore,53,63—native, in Michigan,434.Light, connexion between, and magnetism,89,207—and heat, new mode of producing,91.Lime, augments the force of gunpowder,87.Limestone, with shells,61—carbonates of,63,131,237,241,307,341.Limosella, description of,74.Lithia, a new alkali,309.Lithography, art of,439.Localities, (American) of minerals,49.M.Maclure, (William, Esq.) his geological survey,37—map,61—on geology,209.Magnesia, sulphat of,49—carbonat,49,54,236—of hydrate,55.Magnetic, iron mine of,89.Magnetismand light, their connexion,89.Malachite, compact,236.Manganese,50.Marten, new species of,82.Matcheskindling without fire,308.Mercury, fulminating explosion of,168.Metal, new,310.Meteors, theory of,266.Mica, plumose,50—of Porto Rico,237—of slate,339.Millstones,62,132.Mineralogy, elementary works on,38.Mineralsof Deerfield, &c.,112—of Indiana, &c.,132—of Southampton level,136—silicious,224—localities, by Rev. Mr. Schaeffer,237—American collections, of,310.Mineralsprings,66.Mind, human, its operations in a diseased state,431.Mitchill, (Dr. S. L.)37,55—his edition of Cuvier,68.Molybdena,50,238,242.Morey, (Samuel) his fire apparatus,91—steam engine,162.Mounds, ancient,322,428.Mountains, Alleghany,60.Mustelavulpina,82.MyosurusShortii,379.Myricacerifera, analysis of,294.N.Nativecopper, near New-Haven,55—sulphur of Java,58—237.NaturalBridge,66.Necronite,306.NewEngland, its geology,69.Nitrateof lime and of potash,65.Nitre, natural,321.Nomenclatureof minerals,45.Nugent, (Dr.) on Antigua, &c.,56,141.O.Ohio, notes on,207—its medical college,311.Opal, semi,225,237.Ophisaurusventralis,262.Organizedremains, Brongniart on,71.Oxygengas, respiration of,95.P.Paint, rock,77.Paris, porcelain of,56.Paris, (Dr. John Ayston) on sandstone,234.Passage, northwest,101.Peatof Dutchess county,139.Peril, (Mr Pelatiah)85.Perkins, (Dr. Benjamin)37.Petroleum,49.Phalænadevastator,154.Pictureof Independence,200.Pierce, (James, Esq.) on magnesia,54,142—on Staten-Island,143.Plantsof Cherokee country,245.Plumbago,239.Pole, north, attempts to discover the,101.Pomeroy, (T.) his certificate,87.Porcelainand porcelain clays,57.Porter, (Dr. J.) on vegetation at Plainfield,254.Potato, Prof. Ives on,297.Powders, fulminating,168.Prairiesand barrens of the west,116,331.Prehnite,50,135.Pyrites, magnetical,49.Pyroxene, red,244.Q.Quartz,53,237,238,241,340,345.R.Ray(solar) connexion with magnetism,90.Rafinesque(C. S., Esq.) on vegetation,77—on mustela vulpina,83—on copper-head,84—on sponges,149—on Xanthium maculatum,151—Exoglossum,155—on Diplocea barbata,252—on discoveries in the West,311—on genus Floerkea,373—on Cylactis, &c.,377—on Myosurus shortii,379—atmospheric dust,397.Rain, red,309.Refraction, (polar) effects on magnetism,90.Respirationof oxygen gas,95.Reviewof Cleaveland's Mineralogy,35.Reynolds(Dr. W. G.) on meteors,266.Ridge, (Blue) its geology,217.River, (White) in Java,59—In a cave,320.Rock paint,67.Rocks, transition, of East Tennessee,61—Of Indiana,131—Secondary,213.Rottböllia,355.S.Sandstone, old red,212—of the Capitol, Washington,215—of Cornwall, England,234.Salt, its effects on vegetation,389-391—on animals,394.Saltsof Harrodsburg,403.Say(Mr. Thomas) on Herpetology,256—on zoophytes, &c.,381.Schaeffer, (Rev. F. C.) on peat,139—localities,236.Sea-water, (distilled)172.Seybert, (Dr. Adam)37.Sienite,106.Sheldon(Wm.) on tanning, &c.,312.Silver, (fulminating) accidents from,169.Sines and Cosines, formulæ for,424.Slate, argillaceous,62,67,70,342.Smith(Professor E. D.) on earthquakes, &c.,93.Soapstone,62.Society, (American Geological)442.Southampton level,137.Spar, (fluor)49,52.Sponges, on Long Island,149.Springs, saline,49—mineral,66.Steamdecomposed,92—engine,93—rotatory of S. Morey,162.Stilbite,134.Stilson(Mr. W. B.) on Indiana.Storms, salt,388.Strong's(Prof.) mathematical papers,424.Sullivan(John S., Esq.) on heat and light,91—on steam engines,157.Sulphur, (native)237—springs in Indiana,133.T.Tabular view,46,134.Talc, fibrous and scaly,237.Tanning, by means of chesnut wood,312—notice of a new mode of,439.Tar, used to afford light,92—to work steam engines,164.Tennessee, (East) its Geology, &c.,60.Temperament, (Musical) essay on,9,176.Thorax, (affection of) relieved by oxygen gas,95.Titanium, oxyde of,50,134,355.Tom(Mount) rests on sandstone,109.Torpedoesof fulminating silver,169.Torrey, (Dr. John) on Staurotide, &c.,437.Tourmaline,237.Tourmalinesof Goshen, &c., Col. Gibbs on,346.Trap, what it is,51—primitive and transition,212.Trumbull, (Col.) his picture of Independence,206.Tungstenand Tellurium, American,312,316,405.V.Vapour, effects of, on flame,401.Vauquelin, a new alkali,310.Vegetables, effects of their combustion,334.Vegetation, Journals of,76,77,256,359.View, tabular,46.Virginia, geology and mineralogy of, &c.,60.W.Wacke, of aqueous origin,233—analysis of,296.Warmsprings,66.Waterhouse, (Dr. Benjamin)37.Webster(Dr. I. W.) on Calton Hill,230—letter from,243—on wacke,296—his lectures,304—cabinet,305.Wells(Mr. R. W.) on Prairies, &c.,331—of Columbia affected by earthquakes,93.WesternMuseum Society,203.Williams, (Dr. Stephen) his calendar, &c.,359.Williamstown, its geology, &c.,337.Windsof the West,276.Wood, petrifactions of,50-56—chesnut applied to tanning,313.Woolf'sapparatus, substitute for,410.Works(elementary) on mineralogy,38.X.Xanthiummaculatum,151.Z.Zoology, American,5—fossil,381.Zoophytes, &c.,381.

Baldwin, (Dr. William) on Rottböllia,355.Barbuda, (island of) its geology,142.Barrensand Prairies of the West,116.Barrow'stravels, extract from,148.Barytes, (sulphat of)63,237,240.Basins, peculiar formation of,213.Battery, (electrical) of Dr. Dana,292.Beck, (Dr. John B.) on salt storms,388.Belmontcounty, Ohio, its geology, &c.,227.Berylof Haddam,242.Bigelow, (Prof.) on American climate,76.Blende,50.Blow-pipe, compound, priority of discovery and use of,97.Boats, steam,8.Bodies, dead, preservation of,307,8.Bones, extraction of gelatine from,170.Botany, American,5.Brace, (Mr. John J.) on cut-worm,154—on minerals of Litchfield county, &c.,350.Brecciaof the Potomack,216.Brest, experiments at,174.Bridge, natural,66,319.Brongniarton organized remains,71—his address in Paris,74.Brown, (Dr. Samuel)147,439.Bruce, (Dr.)3,37,255,299,439.Bufocornuta,265.Burialground of the Aborigines,108.Burrstoneof Indiana,132.

Cabinetof Col. Gibbs,6—of B. D. Perkins and Dr. Bruce,37.Calendar, floral, of United States,76—near Philadelphia,77—of Plainfield,255—of Deerfield,359.Calorimotorof Prof. Hare,413.Caltonhill, its structure,230.Carbonats, hard, of lime,63—of magnesia, pulverulent, at Hoboken,54—crystallized,142.Cave, Wier's,59,64,317—in Mount Toby,111—at Corydon, with Epsom salt,133.Caves, in Tennessee,429.Chabasie, at Deerfield,49,134.Chalcedonyin silicious wood,57,at Deerfield and East Haven,134.Charactersof minerals,43-45.Cinnabar, in Michigan,433.Clays, porcelain,57,58,242.Cleaveland, (Prof.) Review of his mineralogy,35—notice of,308.Coalmines of Virginia,125—of Tennessee,63—of Ohio,239—of Connecticut,ibid.and240.College, (Medical) of Ohio,311.Colubertrivittata, &c.,260-262.Comstock, (Dr.)433.Cooper, (Prof. Thomas)439.Copal, identity of, with amber,307.Copper-headsnake,84.Copper, native,55.Cornelius, (Rev. Elias)59,214,317.Crotali,263.Cumberlandmountain,221-223.Cut-worm,154.Cuvier'sgeology,68.Cylactis, &c.,377.

Dana, (Dr. J. F.) on electrical battery,292—on Myrica cerifera,293—on flame,301.Deerfield, Floral Calendar of,359.Delirium, intermissions of,431.Dewey, (Prof. Chester) his sketch, &c.,337.Diploceabarbata,252.Disruptionof the ground at Deerfield,286.Distillationof seawater,172.Doolittle, (Mr. Isaac) on gelatine,170.Drake, (Dr. Daniel) and others,206.Dust, atmospherical,397.Dwight, (Dr. B. W.) on delirium,431.

Earthquakesof 1811 and 1812,93.Eaton, (Mr. Amos) on New-England geology,69—on Southampton level,136.Elliott(Stephen, Esq.)5.Engine, (Steam) its importance,7.Exoglossum(a freshwater fish)155.

Fallsin Connecticut river,111.Favosites,389.Fish, impressions of,110.Fisher, (Prof.) his essay, &c.,9,179.Flame, how affected by steam, &c.,401.Flint,225.Floralcalendar of the United States,76—Plainfield,254—Deerfield,359.Floerkea, genus,373.FluorSpar,49-52.

Galvanism, Dr. Hare's discovery in,413.Gambold, (Mrs.) on the Cherokee plants,245.Gas, (Oxygen) respiration of,95.Gases, (Inflammable) in Ohio,49.Guadaloupe, minerals from,237.Gelatine, how obtained from bones in Paris,170.Geologicalsociety, (American)442.Geologyand mineralogy of Virginia, &c.,50,317—New-England, index of,59—Deerfield and vicinity,107—Indiana,131—Antigua, &c.,140—introduction to the study of,50.Gibbs, (Col. George) on gunpowder,87—on light and magnetism,89,207—on tourmalines, &c.,346.Gill, (Mr. Thomas) his new lamp,207.Gnaphalium, new species of,380.Gneiss,339.Gorham, (Prof. John) elements of chemistry,434.Granite,237,339,437.Grammer, (Mr. John) on coal mines of Virginia,125.Graphite,237.Grindstones,62.Gunpowder, its force, how increased,87.Gypsum,62,211,245.

Hardcarbonate of lime,63.Hare, (Dr. Robert) his blow-pipe,97—on Woulfe's apparatus,411—his calorimotor,413—theoretical views,434.Harrodsburgsalts, analysis of,403.Hayden, (Dr. H. H.) on new minerals,244,306.Heatand light, new mode of producing,91.Herpetology, Thomas Say on,256.Hitchcock, (Mr. Ed.) on Deerfield, &c.,105—disruption,286—supplement,426.Hoboken, carbonate of magnesia at,54.Hematite, brown,236.Hornstones,62,225.

Ice, (Greenland)101.Indiana, geology of,131.Insect, destructive,328.Intelligence, botanical,435.Ironores,50,62,438.Ives, (Prof. Eli) on limosella,74—asclepias,252—the potato,297—gnaphalium,380.

Java, river and lake of sulphuric acid in,58,59.Jameson, (Prof.) his additions to Cuvier,69.Jasper,62,236.Journals, scientific,1-3—of vegetation,76,77,255,359.

Kain, (Mr. John H.) on geology, &c.,60—mounds and caves,428-430.

Lane, (Ephraim) his mine,316.Lampwithout flame,207.Leadore,53,63—native, in Michigan,434.Light, connexion between, and magnetism,89,207—and heat, new mode of producing,91.Lime, augments the force of gunpowder,87.Limestone, with shells,61—carbonates of,63,131,237,241,307,341.Limosella, description of,74.Lithia, a new alkali,309.Lithography, art of,439.Localities, (American) of minerals,49.

Maclure, (William, Esq.) his geological survey,37—map,61—on geology,209.Magnesia, sulphat of,49—carbonat,49,54,236—of hydrate,55.Magnetic, iron mine of,89.Magnetismand light, their connexion,89.Malachite, compact,236.Manganese,50.Marten, new species of,82.Matcheskindling without fire,308.Mercury, fulminating explosion of,168.Metal, new,310.Meteors, theory of,266.Mica, plumose,50—of Porto Rico,237—of slate,339.Millstones,62,132.Mineralogy, elementary works on,38.Mineralsof Deerfield, &c.,112—of Indiana, &c.,132—of Southampton level,136—silicious,224—localities, by Rev. Mr. Schaeffer,237—American collections, of,310.Mineralsprings,66.Mind, human, its operations in a diseased state,431.Mitchill, (Dr. S. L.)37,55—his edition of Cuvier,68.Molybdena,50,238,242.Morey, (Samuel) his fire apparatus,91—steam engine,162.Mounds, ancient,322,428.Mountains, Alleghany,60.Mustelavulpina,82.MyosurusShortii,379.Myricacerifera, analysis of,294.

Nativecopper, near New-Haven,55—sulphur of Java,58—237.NaturalBridge,66.Necronite,306.NewEngland, its geology,69.Nitrateof lime and of potash,65.Nitre, natural,321.Nomenclatureof minerals,45.Nugent, (Dr.) on Antigua, &c.,56,141.

Ohio, notes on,207—its medical college,311.Opal, semi,225,237.Ophisaurusventralis,262.Organizedremains, Brongniart on,71.Oxygengas, respiration of,95.

Paint, rock,77.Paris, porcelain of,56.Paris, (Dr. John Ayston) on sandstone,234.Passage, northwest,101.Peatof Dutchess county,139.Peril, (Mr Pelatiah)85.Perkins, (Dr. Benjamin)37.Petroleum,49.Phalænadevastator,154.Pictureof Independence,200.Pierce, (James, Esq.) on magnesia,54,142—on Staten-Island,143.Plantsof Cherokee country,245.Plumbago,239.Pole, north, attempts to discover the,101.Pomeroy, (T.) his certificate,87.Porcelainand porcelain clays,57.Porter, (Dr. J.) on vegetation at Plainfield,254.Potato, Prof. Ives on,297.Powders, fulminating,168.Prairiesand barrens of the west,116,331.Prehnite,50,135.Pyrites, magnetical,49.Pyroxene, red,244.

Quartz,53,237,238,241,340,345.

Ray(solar) connexion with magnetism,90.Rafinesque(C. S., Esq.) on vegetation,77—on mustela vulpina,83—on copper-head,84—on sponges,149—on Xanthium maculatum,151—Exoglossum,155—on Diplocea barbata,252—on discoveries in the West,311—on genus Floerkea,373—on Cylactis, &c.,377—on Myosurus shortii,379—atmospheric dust,397.Rain, red,309.Refraction, (polar) effects on magnetism,90.Respirationof oxygen gas,95.Reviewof Cleaveland's Mineralogy,35.Reynolds(Dr. W. G.) on meteors,266.Ridge, (Blue) its geology,217.River, (White) in Java,59—In a cave,320.Rock paint,67.Rocks, transition, of East Tennessee,61—Of Indiana,131—Secondary,213.Rottböllia,355.

Sandstone, old red,212—of the Capitol, Washington,215—of Cornwall, England,234.Salt, its effects on vegetation,389-391—on animals,394.Saltsof Harrodsburg,403.Say(Mr. Thomas) on Herpetology,256—on zoophytes, &c.,381.Schaeffer, (Rev. F. C.) on peat,139—localities,236.Sea-water, (distilled)172.Seybert, (Dr. Adam)37.Sienite,106.Sheldon(Wm.) on tanning, &c.,312.Silver, (fulminating) accidents from,169.Sines and Cosines, formulæ for,424.Slate, argillaceous,62,67,70,342.Smith(Professor E. D.) on earthquakes, &c.,93.Soapstone,62.Society, (American Geological)442.Southampton level,137.Spar, (fluor)49,52.Sponges, on Long Island,149.Springs, saline,49—mineral,66.Steamdecomposed,92—engine,93—rotatory of S. Morey,162.Stilbite,134.Stilson(Mr. W. B.) on Indiana.Storms, salt,388.Strong's(Prof.) mathematical papers,424.Sullivan(John S., Esq.) on heat and light,91—on steam engines,157.Sulphur, (native)237—springs in Indiana,133.

Tabular view,46,134.Talc, fibrous and scaly,237.Tanning, by means of chesnut wood,312—notice of a new mode of,439.Tar, used to afford light,92—to work steam engines,164.Tennessee, (East) its Geology, &c.,60.Temperament, (Musical) essay on,9,176.Thorax, (affection of) relieved by oxygen gas,95.Titanium, oxyde of,50,134,355.Tom(Mount) rests on sandstone,109.Torpedoesof fulminating silver,169.Torrey, (Dr. John) on Staurotide, &c.,437.Tourmaline,237.Tourmalinesof Goshen, &c., Col. Gibbs on,346.Trap, what it is,51—primitive and transition,212.Trumbull, (Col.) his picture of Independence,206.Tungstenand Tellurium, American,312,316,405.

Vapour, effects of, on flame,401.Vauquelin, a new alkali,310.Vegetables, effects of their combustion,334.Vegetation, Journals of,76,77,256,359.View, tabular,46.Virginia, geology and mineralogy of, &c.,60.

Wacke, of aqueous origin,233—analysis of,296.Warmsprings,66.Waterhouse, (Dr. Benjamin)37.Webster(Dr. I. W.) on Calton Hill,230—letter from,243—on wacke,296—his lectures,304—cabinet,305.Wells(Mr. R. W.) on Prairies, &c.,331—of Columbia affected by earthquakes,93.WesternMuseum Society,203.Williams, (Dr. Stephen) his calendar, &c.,359.Williamstown, its geology, &c.,337.Windsof the West,276.Wood, petrifactions of,50-56—chesnut applied to tanning,313.Woolf'sapparatus, substitute for,410.Works(elementary) on mineralogy,38.

Xanthiummaculatum,151.

Zoology, American,5—fossil,381.Zoophytes, &c.,381.

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