Dardanelles, internationalisation of,254,279.
Democracy, the American tradition of,12-13; failure to achieve ideal purpose of,13.
Diepenhorst, Fritz, quoted on German cartels,121.
Diplomacy, character of American,43-44.
Disarmament, defects in proposal for universal,225.
Distribution of wealth, incentive to war found in unequal,17.
Dodsworth, W., arguments of, in favour of imperialism,50.
"Dumping" of surplus goods by Germany,62; as one of Germany's methods of industrial invasion,117,119-120.
Economic forces, determination of national policies by,2-3; one of chief causes of wars,14,17-19,21-28; hope of directing toward peace rather than war,28-29.
Economic gains to imperialistic nation from tropical agriculture,92.
Economic invasion, of other countries by Germany,116-125; relative success or failure of system of,124-125.
Educational system in America, imperfections of,191-192.
Emigration, as one of the causes of war,17.
England, relations between America and,35-36,40; economic competition between Germany and,99-101; strength of imperialism in,140.SeeGreat Britain.
Enoch, C. R., on boycotting Germany after the war,274n.
Europe, importance to, of American foreign policy,2; attitude of pacifist idealists and of individualistic realists concerning America's relations with,4-5; attitude of America toward,35-42; economic competition of United States with,55ff.; significance to, of American competition for Latin-American trade,59-60; renewed competition of, for foreign trade after the war,66; financial relations of America and,67-70; foreign investment by, in new countries,81-84; lack of firm basis for union of peoples of,111-114; problems presented by Canada's relation to controversies in,213n.
Extractive industries, pacific tendency of,174.
Farms, possibilities for future development of, in America,178-179.SeeAgriculture.
Fear of war, value to certain interests of,137-138.
Federation of nations, defect of plan for, to preserve peace,224-225.
Finance, internationalism of,279-283.
Financial relations of America and Europe,67-70.
Financiers, interest of, in preparedness and spirited foreign policy,8-9.
Foreign investment and the internationalism of capital,280-281.SeeInvestment.
Foreign policy of America, effect of European war upon,1ff.,58-59; special factors which will figure in future,11-12; change in, after the Spanish War,45; in part due to military considerations,46; part played by economic motives in,46-50; must accord with international ideals which we aim to promote,199-200; the choice between immediate and ultimate interest,203-204; concerning Latin America,207-212; concerning Canada,212-213; concerning China,213-216.
Foreign trade, effect on America's, of opening of Panama Canal,62-63; America's gain in, since outbreak of European war,63-64; European competition for, after the war,66; question of value of, resulting from imperialism,131-136.
France, relations between America and,36; American competition with, for foreign trade, less keen than with Germany,62; preferential tariffs given to colonies of,104; industrial invasion of, by Germany,116ff.; appeal of imperialism in,140.
Freedom of the seas, one of the elements in a programme of peace,246; growth in significance of problem of,247; opposite sides taken by America and England concerning,247; benefits and drawbacks of England's policy,249-254; five things desirable in order to establish,254-255; international organisation to enforce convention regarding, with Anglo-American agreement as a corner-stone,255; value of proposed international arrangement, dependent upon belief of nations in its enforcement,255-257.
Free trade, as an antidote to war,29; error lurking in the doctrine,29-30.
Garcia Calderon, F., quoted on course of United States in the future,155-156; on North American influence in Latin America,209.
Geographical location, effect of, on a nation's policy,172-173.
Germany, defence of war offered by romanticists in,20-21; possibility of future competition with, by America, in battle for world market,61-62; economic competition between England and,99-101; volume of trade of colonies with, compared with that with other countries,105; handicapping of, through lack of colonial possessions,107; dangers of colonial ambition of,109; Bismarck's policy regarding colonies,109-110; industrial invasion of competing countries by,116; tactics of, in trade invasions,117ff.; limitations and obstacles to policy of invasion of,124; appeal of imperialism in,140; why imperialism appeals to wage-earners in,145-146; frugality and efficiency characteristic of,189; the proposal to boycott after the war,273-274.
Gibraltar, Straits of, internationalisation of,254,279.
Great Britain, what loss of markets for manufactured goods would mean to,60; American competition with, for foreign trade, less keen than that with Germany,61-62; comparative volume of trade between colonies and,102-103; arguments for alliance between America and,156-160; how surplus capital seeking a vent may lead to an imperialistic policy shown by,187; policy of obstruction followed by, regarding freedom of the seas,247; necessity to, of navy and command of seas, illustrated by case of Germany,248-249; discussion of advantages and disadvantages of attitude of, on naval supremacy,249-254.
Hauser, Henri, work by, cited and quoted,116,121,122.
Hawaii, acquisition of, by United States,46; America's international liabilities increased by,57.
Hobson, C. K., "The Export of Capital," cited,68n.,83.
Hobson, John A., "Imperialism," quoted,51,131; "Towards International Government," quoted and cited,242,245.
Holland, industrial invasion of, by Germany,116ff.
Honour, the demands of national,197-199.
Hunting tribes, war inevitable among,22.
Hurley, Edwin W., address by, cited and quoted,66n.
Hutchinson, Lincoln, "Panama Canal and International Trade Competition," cited,63.
Idealists, position of pacifists as,3; mystic interpretation of war by,20-21.
Immigration, effect of growth of America's population due to, on nation's economic development and foreign policy,184.
Imperialism, American ideal of internationalism opposed to,12-13; intricacy of problem of,13; the present an age of,13-14; America's plunge into, in 1898,45; strategic and industrial arguments for American,46-50; not warranted by real conditions in America,51-53; significance of America's premature venture into,54; root of, found in necessity of compelling subject peoples to labour for industrial nations,85-98; arguments against,126ff.; results of, for investment purposes beneficial only to a few,127; regarded by Socialists as immoral, brutal, anti-democratic, and uneconomic,128; revolt against, led by people of imperialistic powers not benefited by policy,128ff.; outlet for redundant population not secured by,129-131; questionable value of foreign trade resulting from,131-132; danger of war resulting from,136-137; a class policy,137-138; difficulty in Europe of democratic leaders making headway against,138-139; popular appeal of,140; economic argument for,141-147; patriotic appeal of,147-150; decision to be made by America between internationalism and,151-153; road open to America, through Anglo-American union,156-160; lack of economic reserves as an impelling force toward,170-171; relation between geographical location and,172-173; relation of inequalities of wealth and income to,186ff.; a more equal distribution of wealth an antidote to,186-188; in what the economic antidote to, really consists,194-195; measures necessary to achievement of higher form of,258-269.
Income, equable distribution of, an antidote to imperialism,191.
India, British conquest of, due to desire for trade,21; tendency of, to give bulk of trade to home country,101,102; small percentage of British born in,129.
Industrial invasions of each other's territory by competing countries,116-124; question of success or failure of policy of,124-125.
Inequality of wealth and income, risk of imperialistic policy resulting from,186-188.
Intensive cultivation, limitations of,179.
Internationalisation of colonies,263-269; of capital,279-283.
Internationalism, ideal of, to be aspired for by America,12; causes of failure of America to realise ideal of,13; what is necessary if America decides on the course of,14-15; decision to be made by America between nationalistic imperialism and,151-153; meaning of ideal of, as opposed to ideal of imperialism,160; steps necessary to achievement of,161-166; to be secured only by further political and economic development,270; forces making for,270ff.; actual profit of,272; impossibility of independence for small subject nations,277-279.
Intervention, objections to a policy of, for preserving peace,231-234.
Investment, America's development in field of foreign,67-70; value of new countries as a field for,81-82; extent of foreign, by European countries,83; internationalism of capital shown by foreign,280-281.
Iron, "dumping" of, by Germany in foreign countries,119-120.
Italy, industrial invasion of, by Germany,116ff.; "dumping" of German products in,119.
Jamaica, trade of, with United States compared with that with United Kingdom,102.
James, William, "The Moral Equivalent of War," quoted,195-196.
Japan, relations between America and, as influenced by Philippine Islands,57; an example of a nation driven to imperialistic policy through lack of economic reserves,170-171.
Jingoism, the irreducible minimum of,196-197.
Jöhlinger, Otto, on the open and the closed door in colonies,104n.
Kidd, Benjamin, "Control of the Tropics," cited,91.
Kiel Canal, internationalisation of,254,279.
King, W. I., "Wealth and Income of People of United States," cited,190n.
Krehbiel, Edward, digest of history of pacifism by,219n.
Latin America, competition of America for trade of,59-60; possibilities of, as a field for investment,69-70; course to be followed by America toward,207-208; fear of policy of aggression on part of United States by,208-209; danger in our relations with, from its political instability and unripeness,211.
League for peace, foundations of a true,240-241; question of how to form, premature,241; things essential to continued existence of,241-242; methods of enforcing system,242-244; creation of international machinery for working out modes of action,245.
League to enforce peace, arguments for and against a,226-228,230.
Lippmann, Walter, quoted on solution of colonial problem,265.
Loree, L. F., compilation by, cited,68n.
Lough, W. H., quoted on trade of United States with South America,65n.
McMaster, J. B., quotation from,172n.
Mahan, A. T., "Interest of America in Sea Power," etc., cited,46; on the possibilities of an Anglo-American alliance,156-157.
Marx, Karl, on the workingman's lack of a fatherland,143.
Merles, Salvador R., work by, cited,208n.
Merritt, Eugene, on disadvantages of small-sized farms,179.
Mexico, significance of revolution in, to United States,55; inferences to be drawn from action of United States concerning,56-57; laming of industry by frequent revolutions in,88.SeeLatin America.
Millard, T. F., "Our Eastern Question," quoted,214n.
Milloud, Maurice, "The Ruling Caste and Frenzied Finance in Germany," quoted,116,119,120,124.
Mining, an economic activity that is pacific in tendency,174.
Monroe Doctrine, the,39; effect of, on America's relations with Europe,55-57; stands for principle that Latin-American countries will develop naturally,89; possibility of cloaking a policy of aggression under,206-207; tolerance of, by Europe, conditioned upon America's acting as guardian and not conqueror,207-208; peril in, both to United States and to Latin America,209-210; question of future treatment of,212.
Munition makers, value to, of constant fear of war,137-138.
Mystic interpretation of war,20-21.
Napoleonic Wars, economic factors in,26.
National consciousness, development of, in Europe,111-112.
Nationalism and Internationalism, discussion of use of terms,153n.
Nationalities, the struggle of subject, for independence,274-276; impossibility of independence for all,276-278.
Natural resources, lack of, a cause of militaristic and imperialistic policy,170-171.
Naumann, Friedrich, on handicapping of Germany through meagreness of colonial possessions,107.
Navies, arguments for reduction of, to secure freedom of the seas,247-252.
Olivier, Sir Sidney, "White Capital and Coloured Labour," quoted,85,86-87.
Olney, Richard, on sovereignty of United States in Western hemisphere,56.
Open door, America's policy of the, relative to China,213; what America should mean by,215; problem of, the essential one in solution of question of colonies,267-268.
Orient, possibilities of, as a field for investment,69-70.
Pacifism, history of,218-221; must be either static or dynamic,222; our hope in dynamic type of,223; character of dynamic as opposed to static,223-226.See alsoPeace.
Pacifists in America, attitude of, toward national policies,3; effect upon, of great war and the demand for preparedness,6-7; mistaken ideas concerning war and its causes held by many,16-17.
Panama Canal, international liabilities of United States increased by,57; competition of United States for foreign trade increased by,62-63; internationalisation of,254,279.
Pastoral nations, war a necessity to,22.
Peace, direct and indirect interest of America in,217-218; the classic ideal of,218-219; change in character of movement for, before French Revolution,219-220; proven inapplicability of rationalistic theories of,220-221; cause of failures of pacifist efforts,221-224; criticism of plans of static type for preserving,224-230; the all-pervasive sentiment for,237; decline in population rate a help toward,287; proposed league for,seeLeague for peace.
Philippine Islands, acquisition of, by America,46; change in feeling of Americans regarding ownership of,53-54; increase of America's international responsibilities by,57; small percentage of Europeans and Americans in,130.
Popular appeal of imperialistic policy,140; reason for, found in economic argument,141-147; patriotic ideals and,147-150.
Population, growth in, one incentive to war,17; increase in, one of the chief forces driving Western nations outward,76-77; imperialism not an outlet for superfluity of,129-131; overtaking of extension of agriculture by,182; statistics of,183; diminishing rate of increase in,183; increase of America's, by immigration,184; distribution of wealth among, in United States,190n.; increase in, means increased inequality in distribution of wealth,190-191; decline in rate of, the greatest of factors making for internationalism and peace,287.
Preparedness, origin and character of demand for,5-6; effect of, on pacifist ideals,6-7; interest of financial groups in policy of,8-9.
Preziosi, G., work by, cited,117.
Punic Wars, economic motives behind,21.