Footnote 315:(return)Bahar Abiad signifies White River; Bahar Abeed signifies River of Negroes.
Footnote 316:(return)Videmy letter in Monthly Magazine on this subject for March, 1817, p. 124.
First Expedition on Record to Timbuctoo.--Timbuctoo and Guago captured by Muley Homed, (son of Muley Abdelmelk, commonly called Muley Melk317,or Muley Moluck,) in the 16th Century, (about the Year 1580.)
Footnote 317:(return)See the Spectator, No. 349.
Muley Abdelmelk, commonly called Muley Moluck, in 1577, A.C. fought the celebrated battle with Don Sebastian, King of Portugal, near Alkassar, which is at a short distance from L'Araich, wherein Don Sebastian was killed; and Abdelmelk being, before the battle, extremely ill, his son Muley Hamed went to his litter, to communicate to the Emperor his father, that the Moors had gained the victory, when he found his father dead and cold. Muley Hamed concealed this event till the battle was over; and was then proclaimed Emperor, and reigned twenty-six years: he cultivated the arts and sciences, mathematics and astronomy, which last was of essential service to him in crossing the Sahara to Timbuctoo and Guago; during which perilous journey the compass is so indispensable, that there is no certainty of travelling without it. He lost some thousands in this expedition;but if gold could recompense the waste of human life, he was rewarded for his journey of abstinence and privation across the Sahara, for he brought from Guago seventy-five quintals, and from Timbuctoo sixty quintals, of gold-dust, making together one hundred and thirty-five quintals, or 16,065 lb. English avoir-du-poids weight of gold.
A Library of Arabic Manuscripts taken by the Spaniards,--Contests among Christians reprimanded.
Muley Sidan, son of Muley Hamed, disputed the throne of Marocco, A.C. 1611, with three brothers, one of whom was supported by the Spaniards, whose succour was purchased by his delivering into their hands the port of L'Araich, soon after which they gained a naval victory over the forces of Sidan, which was very disastrous to the Africans; for the Spaniards, besides other plunder, got possession of 3000 Arabic books, on theology, philosophy, and medicine. Sidan, however, notwithstanding this disaster, maintained his right to the crown. He was of a liberal and charitable mind. He protected and granted to the Christians various privileges; buthe ordered that Christians of all sects, and denominations should live in peace one with another.
One day, some (Userah) Christian slaves of Provence, in France, who were Catholics, had a controversial dispute with others from Rochelle, who were Calvinists. This dispute ended in a violent contest, accompanied with blows on either side; this scene excited the curiosity of the Muselmen, who were surprised to see Christians thus fight among themselves on points of their own law! The report of this battle was carried to Sidan, who ordered all these slaves to be brought before him. He condemned some to a bastinado, which was inflicted in hispresence. He then addressed them thus:--"I command you all, on pain of death, not to dispute in future on the various dogmas of your law: every one has the presumption to thinkhimselfright; and as I allow every individual in my dominions to follow the religion that he chooses for himself;slaves ought to have among themselves the same toleration".
Muley El Arsheed, (a second Expedition to Timbuctoo and Sudan.)
This Sultan preceded the renowned Muley Ismael, on the throne of Marocco: he united to great ability the most ferocious disposition, and was continually inebriated.--He crossed the Sahara to Timbuctoo, with a numerous army, about the year of Christ 1670; proceeding toSuse, he laid siege to the Sanctuary ofSeedi Aly ben Aidar, nearIlirgh: Seedi Aly, making his escape in disguise, fled to Sudan, whither he was followed by Muley El Arsheed, who, on his arrival on the confines of Sudan, between Timbuctoo and Jinnie, was met by a numerous host of Negroes, commanded by a black sultan: the Emperor demanded Aly ben Aidar; but the sultan of Bambarra replied, that, as he had claimed his protection, it would be an infringement on the laws of hospitality to deliver him up, adding, that he desired to know if the views of El Arsheed were hostile or not; to which the latter replied, after endeavouring in vain to procure the person of Aly, that he was not come hostilely, but was about to return, which he forthwith did: and the Bambareen sultan, having received from Aly two beautiful renegade virgins, was so much flattered with the present, that he promised him any thing that he should ask; whereupon, he requested permission to go to Timbuctoo, and to settle there with his numerous followers; which being granted, he proceededthither, and having established a Moorish garrison, resided there several, months, and afterwards returned to Barbary, bringing with him many thousand Bambareen negroes: but, on his reaching Suse, he heard of the death of Muley El Arsheed, and having then no farther occasion for these negroes, he dismissed them. They went to various parts of the country, serving the inhabitants in order to procure daily subsistence; but the arch-politician Muley Ismael, who had then recently been proclaimed as his successor, ordered them to be collected together, and incorporated in his negro army, which was, however, before this, very numerous, consisting for the most part of blacks, brought away from Sudan by Muley El Arsheed the preceding year. The Sultan Ismael also seized this opportunity of establishing his authority at Timbuctoo, and he met with little or no opposition in putting that place under contribution. Having sent fresh troops to occupy the Moorish garrison there, the inhabitants were glad to make a contribution, in exchange for the protection and power which it afforded them; for previous to this, they had been subject to continual depredations, from the Arabs of the adjacent country, to whom they had been compelled to pay tribute, as a security for their caravans, which were constantly passing the country of these Arabs, who are of the race of Brabeesh. In the year 1727, A.C. when Ismael died, it is reported that he possessed an immense quantity of gold, of the purity of which, his gold coins, to be seen at this day at Timbuctoo, bear testimony; it is also said, that the massive bolts of his palaces were of pure gold, as well as the utensils of his kitchens. After his decease, however, the tribute was discontinued, and the Moorish garrison at Timbuctoo, intermarrying with the natives, and dispersing themselves in the neighbouring country, has given to Timbuctoo that tincture of Muselman manners, which they are known to possess; theirdescendants forming, at this period, a considerable portion of the population of Timbuctoo.
Third Expedition to Timbuctoo and Sudan.
Muley Ismael died of an abscess in 1727, and was succeeded by his youngest son Muley Hamed Dehebby, a most avaricious prince, whose treasure, collected in his government during the life of his father, amounted to ten millions; to which was now added his father's treasury, amounting to fifty millions, besides jewels and diamonds to a much larger amount.
Dehebby318, sanguinary and cruel when sober, was mild, affable, and humane when intoxicated: unlike Muselmen, he believed not in predestination, but had always several surgeons and doctors in his suite, and consulted them with the most unlimited confidence when ill. He decorated the palace of Marocco: in one of the apartments of the seraglio, of which he had had painted, in a superior style, the twelve signs of the zodiac; for which his ignorant and bigoted subjects accused him of having conspired against the Deity, in imitating, by gross and ill-formed images, the works of the Almighty. This prince was an intolerable drunkard; so that the Marabets and chiefs of the empire called Abdelmelk to the throne, whom they enabled to take possession of Mequinas. This prince, anticipating the revenge of Dehebby, proposed to deprive him of his eye-sight; but the Marabets and chiefs opposed this resolution and replied to him in the following words:--"It is not for his crimes that we have deposed thy brother, but for his continual intoxication, which prevented him from watching over the government and his officers: he has therefore only beenguilty of weakness, which is not a punishable crime." Abdelmelk dared not push his point, but was contented to send his brother to the (Bled Shereef), country of princes, i.e. Tafilelt. Before Dehebby was dethroned, he marched with a numerous army across Sahara, to Timbuctoo, of which he took possession, and brought home immense quantities of gold.
Footnote 318:(return)His proper name was Muley Hamed ben Ismael, the name Dehebby is figurative of his riches in gold.
1730.--Muley Hamed Dehebby dying, should have been succeeded by his son Muley Bouffer; but money and intrigue gave power to Abdallah, a son of Muley Ismael, who was proclaimed in spite of the efforts of his nephew, whom he attacked at Terodant, the capital of Suse. Bouffer was taken, together with a Marabet, his confidential friend and counsellor. Abdallah ordered them both to be brought before him.--"Thou art young," said he to his nephew; "thou hadst imprudently undertaken more than thou couldst accomplish; and in consideration of thy youth and inexperience, I pardon thee, but I will be revenged of thy counsellor." Then turning himself to the Marabet, "Thou, art a rebel," said he. "Didst thou imagine that thy sacred character, which thou hast abused against thy (Seed) Lord or King would prevent him from punishing thee? Let us see if thy sanctity will turn the edge of my sword."--In uttering these words, he struck off the saint's head.
ABDELMELK, the prince, moral reflection on his expensive apparel,79.Is sent to Tafilelt,80.Abolitionof Slavery depends on the Africans themselves, not on our naval force or operations,270.Abstinenceexperienced in the Sahara,353.Means used to support it. Effects of,354.Abbuselah Woled, Arabs of,138.Abdrahaman ben Nassar, bashaw of Abda, interview with,136.Abdsalam, prince, departs for Tafilelt, through Draha and Bled el jereed,149.Abeed,481.Seedi Bukaree, emperor's body guard,481.Aboukir, battle of, its consequence to muselmen,101.Acephali,198.Africa, plan for the discovery of,201.AfricanAssociation, Institution, &c. recommended to unite their energies and operations to cultivate a commercial intercourse with Africa,228.The same recommended an a large scale,249.African Company, a plan for,251.African Association, disastrous expeditions of,258.An union of the African interests beneficial,271.African duplicity exemplified,293.African Association might find the son of Ali Bey an acquisition in promoting their views,304.Africannames, how pronounced,491.Agadeer, or Santa Cruz, port of, opened to Dutch commerce,55.Apprehensions at Mogodor from the establishment of Santa Cruz,56.Conveniently situated for the markets of Sudan. Denominated the gate of Sudan,56.Port of, farmed by Muley Ismael,57.Author's arrival at, to open the port to European commerce. Wretched state of its inhabitants. Honourable reception of the author there,59.Disgraceful custom abolished by the author,60.Propensity to commerce among the people of Suse. Sanctuary at the entrance of the town. Privilege of riding in and out of the town established by the author, for Christians of all denominations,61.Commercial road made by the author down the mountain to facilitate the shipment of merchandise,62.The spirit of the natives in working at it. Happy influence of commerce and industry on the people. Portuguese tower in the neighbourhood,63.Description of the town,64.Strength of, and convenient situation for a depôt,65.Mitferes, depositaries for water,65.Attempt of the Danes to establish a colony in its vicinage, at Agadeer Arba. Battery at,66.Safe road for shipping. Inhabitants friendly to the English,67.Port of, shut by the Emperor, and the garrison and merchants ordered to go to Marocco, and from thence to quit the country or establish at Mogodor,79.Negociation for the port of, from the emperor,246.Agriculturalproperty, division of,330.Agriculture,339.Aisawie, or charmers of serpents described,430.Ait Attar, or Attarites, an independent kabyl or clan,311.Akka,7.Depôt for camels,248.Akkaba, kaffilas, or caravans to Timbuctoo, where eligible to be established,263.Akkaba, what,345.Akkad, its signification,411.Alk Sudan, what,345.Altitudeof the Atlas mountains,93,94.Ali Bey, an account of;297.Suspicions entertained respecting him. His magnificent mode of living. Excites the suspicion of the governor of Marocco,300.He is prevented from visiting the Atlas mountains,301.He is favoured by the emperor,302.Stratagem practised to ascertain what religion he followed. Ordered to embark at Laraich. Is separated from his wife. Her conduct. He predicts an eclipse,303.Passes for a learned man. Suspected to be an agent of Bonaparte. His son resides at Fas, patronised by the Marabet Muley Dris or Idris,304.Algiers, attack of, recommended to the Emperor of Marocco,283.Almonds, plantations of,74.Ambassador, British, the author's interview with. Great honor shown to him on his entry into Tangier,127.Amber, manufactured imitation of, at Fas,126,216.Amaranites, or Ait Amaran, a tribe of Berebbers,124.Amak, the poet, his sumptuous style of living,353.Amorites, of the,475.------, or Ait Amor,122.Descendants of the ancient Amorites,124.Anecdotes of,193.Amusementsof Europeans at Marocco,89.Anachronismof the author misapplied,442.Angola, natives of, how converted to Christianity,442.Anti-commercialsystem,211.Antiperistasisof the Africans, how promoted,230.Antimonymines,331.Anecdoteof an Emperor,307.Anecdotes, fragments, and notes,276.Antithesis, a favourite figure with the Arabs,349.Apparelof the emperor, plain and simple,79.Arabs, cookery of,64.Riches of, in what they consist,247.Dance and music,140.Abstinence of,141.Beauty of their women,142.Patriarchal life of,143,196.Arab royalty personified,195.Customs of,244.Of Sahara, hostile to those who do not understand their language,262.The manners of, resemble those of the patriarchal ages,276.. The study of their language and customs the best comment on the Old Testament,276.Their territory and origin,328.Decay of science and arts among,352.------, sheiks of, hold themselves accountable for the property, baggage, &c. of travellers,233.Arabicdocument distributed by Mr. Bowdich in Africa, to the natives, unintelligible,492.------ language, on the,471.The language of Palestine resembles that of West Barbary,473.----------, general utility of, a practical knowledge of in Africa,258.On the language,357.Arabian music,318.Arabic grammar, errors in Richardson's,351.Pure Arabic, where spoken,351.Arabian modes of writing,350.Errors committed by professors of, who have not a practical knowledge of the language,39.----------, universality of the,473.------ translations of documents in, furnished to government by the author,407.------ manuscripts, 3000 taken by the Spaniards,520.------ interpreter, the author officiates as, with the prince Muley Teib,192.Architecturedescribed,90.Gothic prevails,271.Argantree, and oil of,510.------ trees, oil of the, productive of leprosy if not properly prepared,91.Ashantee, intercourse through, with Timbuctoo objectionable, and why,249.Atlas, foot of, a productive country,74.. Table land in, and produce of,75.Narrow defile or pass,76.Calculated altitude of,93..Attarites, or Ait Attar, a tribe of Berebbers,124.Audiencesof the emperor, introductory, of business, of leave or departure,89.Author'sintelligence respecting the interior of Africa, considered valuable,99.------ travels in disguise,136.Azamore,110.
BabSudan,456.Badgeof distinction worn by the lepers,91.BaharSegrer, the Mediterranean designated by that term,486.------ Sudan, corroborative testimony of its situation,450,451,465,----------, situation of,436.------ Kulla, explanation of the term,444.. Ditto of Bahar Sudan,448.------ El Kabeer, or Bahar Addolum, Atlantic Ocean designated by that name,489.------ El Abeed, not Bahar El Abiad,517.BaScafeena, of Park, synonymous with the sea of Sudan,450,465.----------, of Park, synonymous with the sea of Sudan, properly called Bahar S'feena,506.Bank, in West Barbary, recommended,237.Banks, Sir Joseph's letter to Mr. Dickson, respecting the death of Mungo Park, a passage in it confirmed only in Mr. Jackson's translation of the Shereef Ibrahim's account of that traveller's death, brought by Mr. Bowdich from Ashantee, but not in Mr. Salemé's translation,425.The author's translation,409.Barbary, conquered by the Romans, by the Vandals, by the Greeks, by the Arabs,458.Partial conquest of by the Portuguese and Spaniards,458.--------, travelling in,293.Bashawof Abda, interview with,136.Bedouins, emigration of. Camel's milk, their food,203.Domestic looms of. Manufactures of. Custom of,204.Mode of living. Extempore poetry of,205.Manners of,206.Beef, mode of preserving for food in the desert,349.Berebbers, their contest with the emperor,308.Their territory and language,327.Names of their clans or tribes,124.Specimen of their language,367.Bernou, etymology of,449.Bism illak, and El Ham'd û lillah, signification of,231.Bonaparte, his system respecting Africa,229.Bouska, exhibition of that monstrous serpent,451.Brimstonemines,331.Britishpublic, address to,253.Buffé, Dr. his medical success at Marocco,396.He is recommended to his majesty George the Third, and his majesty is requested, by the emperor, to return him to Gibraltar, to reside there as the emperor's physician,397.Buhellessa, the pretender, described,287.He is an adept in the occult sciences,288.He marches with 22,000 men to attack Delemy's castle,289.He is vanquished and beheaded,290.His army dispersed, his head and feet sent to the Prince Muley Abdsalam, at Santa Cruz,290.The prince rewards the man who killed the usurper: the author visits the field of battle, which resembled the plains of Waterloo,291.Buregregriver,113.Burkhardt, anticipation respecting,449.Butellise, or night-blindness, described,332.--------, or nyctalopia, an ophthalmia that affects our seamen in the Mediterranean,433.Butter, melted, food in the desert,6.
Camel, the ship of the desert,247.Caffer, or Khaffer, signification of,345.Cairo, derivation of the name,326.Canarylanguage resembles the shelluh of Atlas,381.Caravansaccumulate as they proceed to the confines of Sahara,4.Capeof Good Hope, how to preserve, and to improve its produce,339,340.Cape de Verd, compared to Ceuta,229.Ceuta, preparation for the siege of, by the emperor Muley Yezzid,403.Christians, harmony among, necessary to precede the conversion of Africa,131.Christianreligion, how to propagate it in Africa,224.--------, impediments to its propagation,225.--------, the influence of its principles in Africa,227.Civilisationof Africa, the necessary result of commerce, and the only plan by which an expectation of the conversion of the natives to Christianity can possibly be indulged,263.---------- of Africa, through commerce, the only effectual means of abolishing the slave trade,270.Civilwar prevalent in West and in South Barbary,279.Characteristictrait of Muhamedans,308.Christians, ordered by the emperor, on pain of death, to live peaceably with one another,520.Christacknowledged by muselmen,240.Circumcision, when performed among Muhamedans,345.Cobasdescribed,272.Colonialproduce, consequences of the cultivation of, in Senegal by the French,228.Commercialintercourse with Africa favourable to the propagation of Christianity,227.Recommended on a large scale,249,251,259.Commercialadventurer in Africa more likely to succeed than a scientific one,259.Commerce, the key of Africa,428.Communicationwith Africa to be effected by the medium of commerce,493.Connubialcustoms,313.Coppermines,331.Corn, abundant at Dar el Beida and at Fedalla,110.Abundance of, in West Barbary,208,340.Couriers, confidence reposed in them,405.Coffeeof Timbuctoo,279.Consulsof the European powers, their residence,130.Congo, Africans of, how converted to the Christian faith,442_.Continentalmarkets of Europe, contemplation how they will be supplied with colonial produce,229.Cuscusoe, or more properly Kuskasoe, an excellent food, mode of preparing it,97.Customs, Muhamedan,230..Cuba, slave-trade and produce of, increased,270.Customsof the shelluhs of Idaultit, and laws of, remarkable,313.Customs, ceremonies at funerals,465.
Dancesof the Arabs described, music of,140,344.Datesabundant at Tafilelt,80.Dar el Beida, a corn country,110.Dead, bodies of the, never interred in towns or in the mosques,272.Ceremony of interment,273.Deism,325.Deef Allah, what,341.Decayof science and the arts among the Arabs,352.Delel, i.e. auctioneer of slaves at Marocco,95.Deleim, woled Arabs,138.Deckedvessels in the interior of Africa,449.Delemy, sheik of the Deleim Arabs,138.Invites the author and his companion, Signor Andrea de Christo, to pass the night at a douar of the Woled Abbusebah Arabs,139.Garden of, described,147.Renown of,148.A main pillar to the throne of Marocco,148.Receives an exhortation from the prince Abdsalam to give battle to the usurper Buhellessa,288.Dextrous in the management of a horse,289.Desert, rate of travelling through,470.Dewsof the night, how they secure themselves against, when sleeping,154.Deef Allah, custom of uttering,233.Dimenet, in the Atlas, attacked by the emperor,305.Differencebetween the oriental and occidental Arabic alphabets,351.Djinawa, definition of the name,507.Distancesfrom port to port, along the coast, calculated,132.Discoveryof Africa, plan for,200.Disgraceof inhospitality,240.Doctors, itinerant, their apparatus,242.Douars, or villages of tents, described,328.Draha, province of,2.Hire of camels from Tafilelt to,2.Dates, the names of the different species,3.Plantations of,3.Inhabitants of nearly black,2.Character of them,2,7.Drahim, what,3.Driss Zerone Muley, renowned sanctuary of,118.Author's hospitable reception there, and admission to the adytum,119.Duplicityof the Africans exemplified,293,314.
EastIndia trade, our, how likely to be affected by French colonisation, in Senegal,229.Ebekoaits, or Ait Ebeko, a tribe of Berebbers,124.Effah el, exhibition of that venomous serpent,453.Elephants,8.Elegantfemales,142.Emperoradmits an ambassador without prostration, and why,282.-------- Yezzid is wounded, and dies,285.His body exhumated,286.Compared to his majesty George the Fourth,287.Emperor, anecdote of one,307.His contest with the Berebbers,308.Letter from him to his bashaw of Suse respecting English seamen wrecked on the western coast of Africa,364.Titles of H.I.M.,382.. Style of addressing him,382.Emperor'sletters,384,387,392,394,395,398,402,403,405.---- plan of reconciling catholics with protestants,520.---- table, simplicity of the furniture of,96.---- audience of business of the,98.Audience of leave in the garden of the Nile,98.Embassy, British, to Marocco, result of,128.Encroachmentsof the French anticipated on our colonial arkets,230.EncyclopediaBritannica, misapplication of an anachronism,442.The editor of has adopted the author's opinion respecting the course of the Niger,447.Epistolarycorrespondence,382.Epistolarydiction used by Muhamedans,404.Equity, case of,312.Esshume, SeeShume.Euphorbiumplant,74.Europeanmerchants at Mogador in danger of being decollated by order of the emperor, on a charge of high-treason,284.
Fas, bankrupts, how treated at,16.Is the metropolis of the north,87.Talb Cadus,87.----, gold thread manufactured at, of a superior quality,126.Manufactures, various of,126.----, houses of the merchants of, described, and gardens at,275.Library at,324.Fakeers, or muselmen-saints excite hostility between Christians and Muhamedans,267..Fedalla, corn country,110.Fig-trees, very large,82.Food,316.Food of the desert,349.---- of the Arabs similar to that used in the days of Abraham,243.Fourban, Comte de, anecdote of,112,113.Fragments, notes, and anecdotes,276.Frencharmy, landing of, in Egypt,100.Fruitsof all kinds abundant at Salee and Rabat,114,125.Fruga, town of,76,78.
Game, plentiful. Not sold in the public market. Custom on shooting it,338.Strangled, what game so called,338.Garrisonof Tangier salutes the ambassador,127.Garb el, what, so called,2.Garden, imperial, the merchants encamped at Marocco in,88.Names and produce of,81.Geographyof Africa, on the,474.GeorgeIV. compared to the Emperor Muley Yezzid,287.---- a patron to science and the arts,429.Genoa, its indirect commerce with Timbuctoo,254.Girwan ait, or Girwanites, a tribe of Berebbers,124.Gold dust, gold bars, wrought gold,67.----, and bars, consignment of, to Fas from Timbuctoo,347.Gold thread, superior manufactory of, at Fas,215.----, of a superior quality, manufactured at Fas,126.Government, offer to it, to discover the remedy for nyctalopia,335.Great Britain, its indirect commerce with Timbuctoo,255.Grored el, or sandy desert of Mogodor,83.GumSudan,67.Gum Barbary,67.Gum Euphorbium,74.Gum sandrac. Gum ammoniac,67.----, called in England, Turkey gum Arabic,345.Gun-barrels, manufacture of,331.Gutta serena, probable remedy for the cure of,335,336.Galvanism, beneficial in,336.
Hawking, and hunting the boar, sports followed by princes,338.Hassûa el, described,242.Heirie, Jackson's account of, confirmed by Colonel Fitzclarence,489..Hel shual, and Hel elkilleb, what,198.Hel ferdie, what,200.Hemeralopia, or night-blindness described,332.Henna, an herb with which the Arabian, Moorish, Shelluh, Berebber, and Jewish women dye their feet, hands, and hair, and why,512.Hireof camels from Akka to Santa Cruz,346.Hogan'sembassy to the emperor of Marocco, from queen Elizabeth,489.Honeyof Haha,153.Hospitalityof the Arabs, cultivators of west and south Barbary,131,239.----------, laws of,340.Disinterested hospitality shown to the author,342.Inviolability of the laws of, among the Bedouin Arabs,343.Howara, an Arab clan, take possession of Assouan in Egypt,74.-------- Arabs, hunting the boar with. They took the city of Assouan in Egypt, about four centuries ago,245.Housesat Marocco and elsewhere described,274.Housa, travelling there safe,37.Great traffic on the Nile of Sudan. Niles, how denominated,39.Description of the country adjacent to,40.Situation and size of the palace of, and description of the city of,41.Government of; administration of justice at,42.Landed property,43.Revenues of; army,44.Trade,45.Climate, zoology, diseases, religion,48.Persons; dress,49.Buildings; manners,50.Gold,51.Limits of the Empire of; pottery; Timbuctoo tributary to it,53.Small-pox, inoculation for,54.Hutton, Catherine, her observations on an intercourse with Africa,264.Hulacu, the Tartar, conqueror of the east. His letter to the sultan of Aleppo,399.Hypotheses, various, respecting the Niger,447.
Jackson'sreport corroborated,467.Idautenan, independence of,147.Superior grapes of,147.The country described,147.Idiaugomoron,151.Idaultit, customs of,313.Jedrie, the African name for the small-pox in horses, mules, asses, and oxen,337.Jelabia,garment so called, described,200.Jerf el suffer, the yellow cliff,109.Jew, great present made by one for the privilege of wearing the European costume,297.Jews, a distinct race from the Africans, rendered so from their particular laws and customs, &c.230.------, funeral cry of,464.Funeral ceremonies of,235.------, massacre of, at Algiers,283.How estimated in the empire of Marocco,238.Jinnie, manufacture of gold filligrane at,126.Impedimentsto our knowledge of Africa. What they are,266.Inactivity, or want of vigilance severely reprehensible in the officers of the Marocco government,203.Incorrectorthography of African names,468.Indigoplant,74.Interestof money,237..Intercourse, commercial, with Africa, recommended to be adopted on a grand national scale,249,263.Interestof the Arabs of Sahara; how it would be united with a colony on the coast,248.Informationfrom Africans respecting Africa, not contemptible,434.Insolvencylaws,343,397.Intoxication, various modes of,329.Invoicefrom Timbuctoo to Santa Cruz,345.Ditto from ditto to Fas,347.Invasionof the country by Christians, a tradition of,225.Invocationfor the author's welfare made by the Fakeers of the sanctuary of Muley Dris Zerone,119.---------- for the welfare of the British embassy.Journey, in disguise, at a critical period,135.Journies, viz. from Mogodor to Rabat; to Mequinas; to the sanctuary of Muley Dris Zerone; and to the ruins of Pharaoh; through the country of Amorites to L'Araich and Tangier,105.Irrigation, wheel for,13.Ironmines,331.IsaSeedy ben, fascinators of serpents,455.Isawie(fascinators of serpents) their performance,453.Justice, moral,306.