He assured the company that it was a fact, handed down from his ancestor the historian, that the Catskill Mountains had always been haunted by strange beings; that it was affirmed that the great Hendrick Hudson, the first discoverer of the river and country, kept a kind of vigil there every twenty years, with his crew of the Half-moon, being permitted in this way to revisit the scenes of his enterprise, and keep a guardian eye upon the river and the great city called by his name; that his father had once seen them in their old Dutch dresses playing at ninepins in a hollow of the mountain; and that he himself had heard, one summer afternoon, the sound of their balls, like distant peals of thunder.
He assured the company that it was a fact, handed down from his ancestor the historian, that the Catskill Mountains had always been haunted by strange beings; that it was affirmed that the great Hendrick Hudson, the first discoverer of the river and country, kept a kind of vigil there every twenty years, with his crew of the Half-moon, being permitted in this way to revisit the scenes of his enterprise, and keep a guardian eye upon the river and the great city called by his name; that his father had once seen them in their old Dutch dresses playing at ninepins in a hollow of the mountain; and that he himself had heard, one summer afternoon, the sound of their balls, like distant peals of thunder.
PARTICIPLES.
Careless use of the participial phrase.
450.The following sentences illustrate a misuse of the participial phrase:—
Pleased with the "Pilgrim's Progress," my first collection was of John Bunyan's works.—B. Franklin.My farm consisted of about twenty acres of excellent land, having given a hundred pounds for my predecessor's goodwill.—Goldsmith.Upon asking how he had been taught the art of a cognoscente so suddenly, he assured me that nothing was more easy.—Id.Having thus run through the causes of the sublime, my first observation will be found nearly true.—BurkeHe therefore remained silent till he had repeated a paternoster, being the course which his confessor had enjoined.—Scott
Pleased with the "Pilgrim's Progress," my first collection was of John Bunyan's works.—B. Franklin.
My farm consisted of about twenty acres of excellent land, having given a hundred pounds for my predecessor's goodwill.—Goldsmith.
Upon asking how he had been taught the art of a cognoscente so suddenly, he assured me that nothing was more easy.—Id.
Having thus run through the causes of the sublime, my first observation will be found nearly true.—Burke
He therefore remained silent till he had repeated a paternoster, being the course which his confessor had enjoined.—Scott
Compare with these the following:—
A correct example.
Going yesterday to dine with an old acquaintance, I had the misfortune to find his whole family very much dejected.—Addison.
Going yesterday to dine with an old acquaintance, I had the misfortune to find his whole family very much dejected.—Addison.
Notice this.
The trouble is, in the sentences first quoted, that the main subject of the sentence is not the same word that would be the subject of the participle, if this were expanded into a verb.
Correction.
Consequently one of two courses must be taken,—either change the participle to a verb with its appropriate subject, leaving the principal statement as it is; or change the principal proposition so it shall make logical connection with the participial phrase.
For example, the first sentence would be, either "As I waspleased, ... my first collection was," etc., or "Pleased with the 'Pilgrim's Progress,' I made my first collection John Bunyan's works."
Exercise.—Rewrite the other four sentences so as to correct the careless use of the participial phrase.
Adverb betweentoand the infinitive.
451.There is a construction which is becoming more and more common among good writers,—the placing an adverb betweentoof the infinitive and the infinitive itself. The practice is condemned by many grammarians, while defended or excused by others. Standard writers often use it, and often, purposely or not, avoid it.
The following two examples show the adverb before the infinitive:—
The more common usage.
He handled it with such nicety of address as sufficientlyto showthat he fully understood the business.—Scott.
He handled it with such nicety of address as sufficientlyto showthat he fully understood the business.—Scott.
It is a solemn, universal assertion, deeplyto be keptin mind by all sects.—Ruskin.
It is a solemn, universal assertion, deeplyto be keptin mind by all sects.—Ruskin.
This is the more common arrangement; yet frequently the desire seems to be to get the adverb snugly against the infinitive, to modify it as closely and clearly as possible.
In the following citations, see if the adverbs can be placed before or after the infinitive and still modify it as clearly as they now do:—
1. There are, then, many thingsto becarefullyconsidered, if a strike is to succeed.—Laughlin.2. That the mind may not have to go backwards and forwards in ordertorightlyconnectthem.—Herbert Spencer.3. It may be easier to bear along all the qualifications of an idea ... thantofirst imperfectlyconceivesuch idea.—Id.4. In works of art, this kind of grandeur, which consists in multitude, isto bevery cautiouslyadmitted.—Burke.5. That virtue which requiresto beeverguardedis scarcely worth the sentinel.—Goldsmith.6. Burke said that such "little arts and devices" were notto bewhollycondemned.—The Nation, No. 1533.7. I wish the readertoclearlyunderstand.—Ruskin.8. Transactions which seemto bemost widelyseparatedfrom one another.—Dr. Blair.9. Would earnestly advise them for their good to order this paperto bepunctuallyserved up.—Addison.10. A little sketch of his, in which a cannon ball is supposedto havejustcarried offthe head of an aide-de-camp.—Trollope.11. The ladies seemto have beenexpresslycreatedto form helps meet for such gentlemen.—Macaulay.12. Sufficient to disgust a people whose manners were beginningto bestronglytincturedwith austerity.—Id.13. The spirits, therefore, of those opposed to them seemedto beconsiderablydampedby their continued success.—Scott.
1. There are, then, many thingsto becarefullyconsidered, if a strike is to succeed.—Laughlin.
2. That the mind may not have to go backwards and forwards in ordertorightlyconnectthem.—Herbert Spencer.
3. It may be easier to bear along all the qualifications of an idea ... thantofirst imperfectlyconceivesuch idea.—Id.
4. In works of art, this kind of grandeur, which consists in multitude, isto bevery cautiouslyadmitted.—Burke.
5. That virtue which requiresto beeverguardedis scarcely worth the sentinel.—Goldsmith.
6. Burke said that such "little arts and devices" were notto bewhollycondemned.—The Nation, No. 1533.
7. I wish the readertoclearlyunderstand.—Ruskin.
8. Transactions which seemto bemost widelyseparatedfrom one another.—Dr. Blair.
9. Would earnestly advise them for their good to order this paperto bepunctuallyserved up.—Addison.
10. A little sketch of his, in which a cannon ball is supposedto havejustcarried offthe head of an aide-de-camp.—Trollope.
11. The ladies seemto have beenexpresslycreatedto form helps meet for such gentlemen.—Macaulay.
12. Sufficient to disgust a people whose manners were beginningto bestronglytincturedwith austerity.—Id.
13. The spirits, therefore, of those opposed to them seemedto beconsiderablydampedby their continued success.—Scott.
Position ofonly, even,etc.
452.A very careful writer will so place the modifiers of a verb that the reader will not mistake the meaning.
The rigid rule in such a case would be, to put the modifier in such a position that the reader not only can understand the meaning intended, butcannot misunderstandthe thought. Now, when such adverbs asonly,even, etc., are used, they are usually placed in a strictly correct position, if they modify single words; but they are often removed from the exact position, if they modify phrases or clauses: for example, from Irving, "The site isonlyto be traced by fragments of bricks, china, and earthenware." Hereonlymodifies the phraseby fragments of bricks, etc., but it is placed before the infinitive. This misplacement of the adverb can be detected only by analysis of the sentence.
Tell what the adverb modifies in each quotation, and see if it is placed in the proper position:—
1. Only the name of one obscure epigrammatist has been embalmed for us in the verses of his rival.—Palgrave.2. Do you remember pea shooters? I think we only had them on going home for holidays.—Thackeray.3. Irving could only live very modestly. He could only afford to keep one old horse.—Id.4. The arrangement of this machinery could only be accounted for by supposing the motive power to have been steam.—Wendell Phillips.5. Such disputes can only be settled by arms.—Id.6. I have only noted one or two topics which I thought most likely to interest an American reader.—N. P. Willis.7. The silence of the first night at the farmhouse,—stillness broken only by two whippoorwills.—Higginson.8. My master, to avoid a crowd, would suffer only thirty people at a time to see me.—Swift.9. In relating these and the following laws, I would only be understood to mean the original institutions.—Id.10. The perfect loveliness of a woman's countenance can only consist in that majestic peace which is founded in the memory of happy and useful years.—Ruskin.11. In one of those celestial days it seems a poverty that we can only spend it once.—Emerson.12. My lord was only anxious as long as his wife's anxious face or behavior seemed to upbraid him.—Thackeray.13. He shouted in those clear, piercing tones that could be even heard among the roaring of the cannon.—Cooper.14. His suspicions were not even excited by the ominous face of Gérard.—Motley.15. During the whole course of his administration, he scarcely befriended a single man of genius.—Macaulay.16. I never remember to have felt an event more deeply than his death.—Sydney Smith.17. His last journey to Cannes, whence he was never destined to return.—Mrs. Grote.
1. Only the name of one obscure epigrammatist has been embalmed for us in the verses of his rival.—Palgrave.
2. Do you remember pea shooters? I think we only had them on going home for holidays.—Thackeray.
3. Irving could only live very modestly. He could only afford to keep one old horse.—Id.
4. The arrangement of this machinery could only be accounted for by supposing the motive power to have been steam.—Wendell Phillips.
5. Such disputes can only be settled by arms.—Id.
6. I have only noted one or two topics which I thought most likely to interest an American reader.—N. P. Willis.
7. The silence of the first night at the farmhouse,—stillness broken only by two whippoorwills.—Higginson.
8. My master, to avoid a crowd, would suffer only thirty people at a time to see me.—Swift.
9. In relating these and the following laws, I would only be understood to mean the original institutions.—Id.
10. The perfect loveliness of a woman's countenance can only consist in that majestic peace which is founded in the memory of happy and useful years.—Ruskin.
11. In one of those celestial days it seems a poverty that we can only spend it once.—Emerson.
12. My lord was only anxious as long as his wife's anxious face or behavior seemed to upbraid him.—Thackeray.
13. He shouted in those clear, piercing tones that could be even heard among the roaring of the cannon.—Cooper.
14. His suspicions were not even excited by the ominous face of Gérard.—Motley.
15. During the whole course of his administration, he scarcely befriended a single man of genius.—Macaulay.
16. I never remember to have felt an event more deeply than his death.—Sydney Smith.
17. His last journey to Cannes, whence he was never destined to return.—Mrs. Grote.
The old usage.
453.In Old and Middle English, two negatives strengthened a negative idea; for example,—
Henevereyetnovileineyenesayde,In al his lyf untonomaner wight.—Chaucer.
Henevereyetnovileineyenesayde,In al his lyf untonomaner wight.—Chaucer.
Nosonne, were he never so old of yeares, mightnotmarry.—Ascham.
Nosonne, were he never so old of yeares, mightnotmarry.—Ascham.
The first of these is equivalent to "He didn't never say no villainy in all his life to no manner of man,"—four negatives.
This idiom was common in the older stages of the language, and is still kept in vulgar English; as,—
I tell you sheain'beennowharef she don' know we all.—Page,inOle Virginia.Thereweren't nopies to equal hers.—Mrs. Stowe.
I tell you sheain'beennowharef she don' know we all.—Page,inOle Virginia.
Thereweren't nopies to equal hers.—Mrs. Stowe.
Exceptional use.
There are sometimes found two negatives in modern English with a negative effect, when one of the negatives is a connective. This, however, is not common.
I never did see him again,nor nevershall.—De Quincey.However, I didnotact so hastily,neither.—Defoe.The prosperity of no empire,northe grandeur ofnoking, can so agreeably affect, etc.—Burke.
I never did see him again,nor nevershall.—De Quincey.
However, I didnotact so hastily,neither.—Defoe.
The prosperity of no empire,northe grandeur ofnoking, can so agreeably affect, etc.—Burke.
Regular law of negative in modern English.
But, under the influence of Latin syntax, the usual way of regarding the question now is, thattwo negatives are equivalent to an affirmative, denying each other.
Therefore, if two negatives are found together, it is a sign of ignorance or carelessness, or else a purpose to make an affirmative effect. In the latter case, one of the negatives is often a prefix; asinfrequent,uncommon.
Tell whether the two or more negatives are properly used in each of the following sentences, and why:—
1. The red men were not so infrequent visitors of the English settlements.—Hawthorne.2. "Huldy was so up to everything about the house, that the doctor didn't miss nothin' in a temporal way."—Mrs. Stowe.3. Her younger sister was a wide-awake girl, who hadn't been to school for nothing.—Holmes.4. You will find no battle which does not exhibit the most cautious circumspection.—Bayne.5. Not only could man not acquire such information, but ought not to labor after it.—Grote.6. There is no thoughtful man in America who would not consider a war with England the greatest of calamities.—Lowell.7. In the execution of this task, there is no man who would not find it an arduous effort.—Hamilton.8. "A weapon," said the King, "well worthy to confer honor, nor has it been laid on an undeserving shoulder."—Scott.
1. The red men were not so infrequent visitors of the English settlements.—Hawthorne.
2. "Huldy was so up to everything about the house, that the doctor didn't miss nothin' in a temporal way."—Mrs. Stowe.
3. Her younger sister was a wide-awake girl, who hadn't been to school for nothing.—Holmes.
4. You will find no battle which does not exhibit the most cautious circumspection.—Bayne.
5. Not only could man not acquire such information, but ought not to labor after it.—Grote.
6. There is no thoughtful man in America who would not consider a war with England the greatest of calamities.—Lowell.
7. In the execution of this task, there is no man who would not find it an arduous effort.—Hamilton.
8. "A weapon," said the King, "well worthy to confer honor, nor has it been laid on an undeserving shoulder."—Scott.
And who, and which.
454.The sentences given in Secs. 419 and 420 on the connecting of pronouns with different expressions may again be referred to here, as the use of the conjunction, as well as of the pronoun, should be scrutinized.
Choice and proper position of correlatives.
455.The most frequent mistakes in using conjunctions are in handling correlatives, especiallyboth...and, neither...nor, either...or, notonly...but, not merely...but(also).
The following examples illustrate the correct use of correlatives as to both choice of words and position:—
Whetherat warorat peace, there we were, a standing menace to all earthly paradises of that kind.—Lowell.These idols of wood canneitherhearnorfeel.—Prescott.Boththe common soldieryandtheir leaders and commanders lowered on each other as if their union had not been more essential than ever,not onlyto the success of their common cause,butto their own safety.—Scott.
Whetherat warorat peace, there we were, a standing menace to all earthly paradises of that kind.—Lowell.
These idols of wood canneitherhearnorfeel.—Prescott.
Boththe common soldieryandtheir leaders and commanders lowered on each other as if their union had not been more essential than ever,not onlyto the success of their common cause,butto their own safety.—Scott.
Things to be watched.
In these examples it will be noticed thatnor, notoris the proper correlative ofneither; and that all correlatives in a sentence ought to have corresponding positions: that is, if the last precedes a verb, the first ought to be placed before a verb; if the second precedes a phrase, the first should also.This is necessary to make the sentence clear and symmetrical.
Correction.
In the sentence, "I amneitherin spirits to enjoy it,orto reply to it," both of the above requirements are violated. The wordneitherin such a case had better be changed tonot...either,—"I am not in spiritseitherto enjoy it,orto reply to it."
Besidesneither ... or, evenneither ... noris often changed tonot—either ... orwith advantage, as the negation is sometimes too far from the verb to which it belongs.
A noun may be preceded by one of the correlatives, and an equivalent pronoun by the other. The sentence, "This loose and inaccurate manner of speaking has misled usbothin the theory of tasteandof morals," may be changed to "This loose ... misled usbothin the theory of tasteandinthatof morals."
Correct the following sentences:—
1. An ordinary man would neither have incurred the danger of succoring Essex, nor the disgrace of assailing him.—Macaulay.2. Those ogres will stab about and kill not only strangers, but they will outrage, murder, and chop up their own kin.—Thackeray.3. In the course of his reading (which was neither pursued with that seriousness or that devout mind which such a study requires) the youth found himself, etc.—Id.4. I could neither bear walking nor riding in a carriage over its pebbled streets.—Franklin.5. Some exceptions, that can neither be dissembled nor eluded, render this mode of reasoning as indiscreet as it is superfluous.—Gibbon.6. They will, too, not merely interest children, but grown-up persons.—Westminster Review.7. I had even the satisfaction to see her lavish some kind looks upon my unfortunate son, which the other could neither extort by his fortune nor assiduity.—Goldsmith.8. This was done probably to show that he was neither ashamed of his name or family.—Addison.
1. An ordinary man would neither have incurred the danger of succoring Essex, nor the disgrace of assailing him.—Macaulay.
2. Those ogres will stab about and kill not only strangers, but they will outrage, murder, and chop up their own kin.—Thackeray.
3. In the course of his reading (which was neither pursued with that seriousness or that devout mind which such a study requires) the youth found himself, etc.—Id.
4. I could neither bear walking nor riding in a carriage over its pebbled streets.—Franklin.
5. Some exceptions, that can neither be dissembled nor eluded, render this mode of reasoning as indiscreet as it is superfluous.—Gibbon.
6. They will, too, not merely interest children, but grown-up persons.—Westminster Review.
7. I had even the satisfaction to see her lavish some kind looks upon my unfortunate son, which the other could neither extort by his fortune nor assiduity.—Goldsmith.
8. This was done probably to show that he was neither ashamed of his name or family.—Addison.
Try andfortry to.
456.Occasionally there is found the expressiontry andinstead of the better authorizedtry to; as,—
We will tryandavoid personalities altogether.—Thackeray.Did any of you ever tryandread "Blackmore's Poems"?—Id.Tryandavoid the pronoun.—Bain.We will tryandget a clearer notion of them.—Ruskin.
We will tryandavoid personalities altogether.—Thackeray.
Did any of you ever tryandread "Blackmore's Poems"?—Id.
Tryandavoid the pronoun.—Bain.
We will tryandget a clearer notion of them.—Ruskin.
But what.
457.Instead of the subordinate conjunctionthat,but, orbut that, or the negative relativebut, we sometimes find the bulky and needlessbut what. Now, it is possible to usebut whatwhenwhatis a relative pronoun, as, "He never had any moneybut whathe absolutely needed;" but in the following sentenceswhatusurps the place of a conjunction.
In the following sentences, substitutethat,but, orbut thatfor the wordsbut what:—
1. The doctor used to say 'twas her young heart, and I don't knowbut whathe was right.—S. O. Jewett.2. At the first stroke of the pickax it is ten to onebut whatyou are taken up for a trespass.—Bulwer.3. There are few persons of distinctionbut whatcan hold conversation in both languages.—Swift.4. Who knowsbut whatthere might be English among those sun-browned half-naked masses of panting wretches?—Kingsley.5. No little wound of the kind ever came to himbut whathe disclosed it at once.—Trollope.6. They are not so distant from the camp of Saladinbut whatthey might be in a moment surprised.—Scott.
1. The doctor used to say 'twas her young heart, and I don't knowbut whathe was right.—S. O. Jewett.
2. At the first stroke of the pickax it is ten to onebut whatyou are taken up for a trespass.—Bulwer.
3. There are few persons of distinctionbut whatcan hold conversation in both languages.—Swift.
4. Who knowsbut whatthere might be English among those sun-browned half-naked masses of panting wretches?—Kingsley.
5. No little wound of the kind ever came to himbut whathe disclosed it at once.—Trollope.
6. They are not so distant from the camp of Saladinbut whatthey might be in a moment surprised.—Scott.
458.As to the placing of a preposition after its object in certain cases, see Sec. 305.
Betweenandamong.
459.In the primary meaning ofbetweenandamongthere is a sharp distinction, as already seen in Sec. 313; but in Modern English the difference is not so marked.
Betweenis used most often with two things only, but still it is frequently used in speaking of several objects, some relation or connection between two at a time being implied.
Amongis used in the same way asamid(though not with exactly the same meaning), several objects being spoken of in the aggregate, no separation or division by twos being implied.
Examples of the distinctive use of the two words:—
Two things.
The contentions that arisebetweenthe parson and the squire.—Addison.We reckoned the improvements of the art of waramongthe triumphs of science.—Emerson.
The contentions that arisebetweenthe parson and the squire.—Addison.
We reckoned the improvements of the art of waramongthe triumphs of science.—Emerson.
Examples of the looser use ofbetween:—
A number of things.
Natural objects affect us by the laws of that connection which Providence has establishedbetweencertain motions of bodies.—Burke.Hence the differencesbetweenmen in natural endowment are insignificant in comparison with their common wealth.—Emerson.They maintain a good correspondencebetweenthose wealthy societies of men that are divided from one another by seas and oceans.—Addison.Looking up at its deep-pointed porches and the dark placesbetweentheir pillars where there were statues once.—RuskinWhat have I, a soldier of the Cross, to do with recollections of warbetwixtChristian nations?—Scott.
Natural objects affect us by the laws of that connection which Providence has establishedbetweencertain motions of bodies.—Burke.
Hence the differencesbetweenmen in natural endowment are insignificant in comparison with their common wealth.—Emerson.
They maintain a good correspondencebetweenthose wealthy societies of men that are divided from one another by seas and oceans.—Addison.
Looking up at its deep-pointed porches and the dark placesbetweentheir pillars where there were statues once.—Ruskin
What have I, a soldier of the Cross, to do with recollections of warbetwixtChristian nations?—Scott.
Two groups or one and a group.
Alsobetweenmay express relation or connection in speaking of two groups of objects, or one object and a group; as,—
A council of war is going on beside the watch fire,betweenthe three adventurers and the faithful Yeo.—Kingsley.The great distinctionbetweenteachers sacred or literary,—betweenpoets like Herbert and poets like Pope,—betweenphilosophers like Spinoza, Kant, and Coleridge, and philosophers like Locke, Paley, Mackintosh, and Stewart, etc.—Emerson.
A council of war is going on beside the watch fire,betweenthe three adventurers and the faithful Yeo.—Kingsley.
The great distinctionbetweenteachers sacred or literary,—betweenpoets like Herbert and poets like Pope,—betweenphilosophers like Spinoza, Kant, and Coleridge, and philosophers like Locke, Paley, Mackintosh, and Stewart, etc.—Emerson.
460.Certain words are followed by particular prepositions.
Some of these words show by their composition what preposition should follow. Such areabsolve,involve,different.
Some of them have, by custom, come to take prepositions not in keeping with the original meaning of the words. Such arederogatory,averse.
Many words take one preposition to express one meaning, and another to convey a different meaning; as,correspond,confer.
And yet others may take several prepositions indifferently to express the same meaning.
List I.:Words with particular prepositions.
461.
"Differentto" is frequently heard in spoken English in England, and sometimes creeps into standard books, but it is not good usage.
List II.:Words taking different prepositions for different meanings.
462.
"Correspondwith" is sometimes used of things, as meaningto be in keeping with.
"Differfrom" is used in speaking of unlikeness between things or persons; "differfrom" and "differwith" are both used in speaking of persons disagreeing as to opinions.
"Reconcileto" is used with the meaning ofresigned to, as, "The exile became reconciledtohis fate;" also of persons, in the sense of making friends with, as, "The king is reconciledtohis minister." "Reconcilewith" is used with the meaning ofmake to agree with, as, "The statement must be reconciledwithhis previous conduct."
List III.:Words taking anyone of several prepositions for the same meaning.
463.
Illustrations of "dieof," "diefrom," etc.:—
"Dieof."
The author diedofa fit of apoplexy.—Boswell.People do not dieoftrifling little colds.—AustenFifteen officers diedoffever in a day.—Macaulay.It would take me long to dieofhunger.—G. Eliot.She diedofhard work, privation, and ill treatment.—Burnett.
The author diedofa fit of apoplexy.—Boswell.
People do not dieoftrifling little colds.—Austen
Fifteen officers diedoffever in a day.—Macaulay.
It would take me long to dieofhunger.—G. Eliot.
She diedofhard work, privation, and ill treatment.—Burnett.
"Diefrom."
She saw her husband at last literally diefromhunger.—Bulwer.He died at last without disease, simplyfromold age. —Athenæum.No onedied fromwant at Longfeld.—Chambers' Journal.
She saw her husband at last literally diefromhunger.—Bulwer.
He died at last without disease, simplyfromold age. —Athenæum.
No onedied fromwant at Longfeld.—Chambers' Journal.
"Diewith."
She would have been ready to diewithshame.—G. Eliot.I am positively dyingwithhunger.—Scott.I thought the two Miss Flamboroughs would have diedwithlaughing.—Goldsmith.I wish that the happiest here may not diewithenvy.—Pope.
She would have been ready to diewithshame.—G. Eliot.
I am positively dyingwithhunger.—Scott.
I thought the two Miss Flamboroughs would have diedwithlaughing.—Goldsmith.
I wish that the happiest here may not diewithenvy.—Pope.
"Diefor." (in behalf of).
Take thought and dieforCæsar.—Shakespeare.One of them said he would dieforher.—Goldsmith.It is a man of quality who diesforher.—Addison.
Take thought and dieforCæsar.—Shakespeare.
One of them said he would dieforher.—Goldsmith.
It is a man of quality who diesforher.—Addison.
"Diefor." (because of).
Who, as Cervantes informs us, diedforlove of the fair Marcella.—Fielding.Some officers had diedforwant of a morsel of bread.—Macaulay.
Who, as Cervantes informs us, diedforlove of the fair Marcella.—Fielding.
Some officers had diedforwant of a morsel of bread.—Macaulay.
"Dieby." (material cause, instrument).
If I meet with any of 'em, they shall diebythis hand.—Thackeray.He must purge himself to the satisfaction of a vigilant tribunal or diebyfire.—Macaulay.He diedbysuicide before he completed his eighteenth year.—Shaw.
If I meet with any of 'em, they shall diebythis hand.—Thackeray.
He must purge himself to the satisfaction of a vigilant tribunal or diebyfire.—Macaulay.
He diedbysuicide before he completed his eighteenth year.—Shaw.
464.Illustrations of "expectof," "expectfrom:"—
"Expectof."
What do I expectofDublin?—Punch.That is more than I expectedofyou.—Scott.OfDoctor P. nothing better was to be expected.—Poe.Not knowing what might be expectedofmen in general.—G. ELIOT.
What do I expectofDublin?—Punch.
That is more than I expectedofyou.—Scott.
OfDoctor P. nothing better was to be expected.—Poe.
Not knowing what might be expectedofmen in general.—G. ELIOT.
"Expectfrom."
She will expect more attentionfromyou, as my friend.—Walpole.There was a certain grace and decorum hardly to be expectedfroma man.—Macaulay.I have long expected something remarkablefromyou.—G. Eliot.
She will expect more attentionfromyou, as my friend.—Walpole.
There was a certain grace and decorum hardly to be expectedfroma man.—Macaulay.
I have long expected something remarkablefromyou.—G. Eliot.
465."Partwith" is used with both persons and things, but "partfrom" is less often found in speaking of things.
Illustrations of "partwith," "partfrom:"—
"Partwith."
He was fond of everybody that he was used to, and hated to partwiththem.—Austen.Cleveland was sorry to partwithhim.—Bulwer.I can partwithmy children for their good.—Dickens.I partwithall that grew so near my heart.—Waller.
He was fond of everybody that he was used to, and hated to partwiththem.—Austen.
Cleveland was sorry to partwithhim.—Bulwer.
I can partwithmy children for their good.—Dickens.
I partwithall that grew so near my heart.—Waller.
"Partfrom."
To partfromyou would be misery.—Marryat.I have just seen her, just partedfromher.—Bulwer.Burke partedfromhim with deep emotion.—Macaulay.His precious bag, which he would by no means partfrom.—G. ELIOT.
To partfromyou would be misery.—Marryat.
I have just seen her, just partedfromher.—Bulwer.
Burke partedfromhim with deep emotion.—Macaulay.
His precious bag, which he would by no means partfrom.—G. ELIOT.
Kindinyou,kindofyou.
466.With words implying behavior or disposition, eitheroforinis used indifferently, as shown in the following quotations:—
Of.
It was a little badofyou.—Trollope.How cruelofme!—Collins.He did not think it handsomeofyou.—Bulwer.But this is idleofyou.—Tennyson.
It was a little badofyou.—Trollope.
How cruelofme!—Collins.
He did not think it handsomeofyou.—Bulwer.
But this is idleofyou.—Tennyson.
In.
Very naturalinMr. Hampden.—Carlyle.It will be anything but shrewdinyou.—Dickens.That is very unreasonableina person so young.—Beaconsfield.I am wasting your whole morning—too badinme.—Bulwer.
Very naturalinMr. Hampden.—Carlyle.
It will be anything but shrewdinyou.—Dickens.
That is very unreasonableina person so young.—Beaconsfield.
I am wasting your whole morning—too badinme.—Bulwer.
1. Can you imagine Indians or a semi-civilized people engaged on a work like the canal connecting the Mediterranean and the Red seas?2. In the friction between an employer and workman, it is commonly said that his profits are high.3. None of them are in any wise willing to give his life for the life of his chief.4. That which can be done with perfect convenience and without loss, is not always the thing that most needs to be done, or which we are most imperatively required to do.5. Art is neither to be achieved by effort of thinking, nor explained by accuracy of speaking.6. To such as thee the fathers owe their fame.7. We tread upon the ancient granite that first divided the waters into a northern and southern ocean.8. Thou tread'st, with seraphims, the vast abyss.9. Eustace had slipped off his long cloak, thrown it over Amyas's head, and ran up the alley.10. This narrative, tedious perhaps, but which the story renders necessary, may serve to explain the state of intelligence betwixt the lovers.11. To the shame and eternal infamy of whomsoever shall turn back from the plow on which he hath laid his hand!12. The noise of vast cataracts, raging storms, thunder, or artillery, awake a great and awful sensation in the mind.13. The materials and ornaments ought neither to be white, nor green, nor yellow, nor blue, nor of a pale red.14. This does not prove that an idea of use and beauty are the same thing, or that they are any way dependent on each other.15.And were I anything but what I am,I would wish me only he.16. But every man may know, and most of us do know, what is a just and unjust act.17. You have seen Cassio and she together.18. We shall shortly see which is the fittest object of scorn, you or me.19. Richard glared round him with an eye that seemed to seek an enemy, and from which the angry nobles shrunk appalled.20. It comes to whomsoever will put off what is foreign and proud.21. The difference between the just and unjust procedure does not lie in the number of men hired, but in the price paid to them.22. The effect of proportion and fitness, so far at least as they proceed from a mere consideration of the work itself, produce approbation, the acquiescence of the understanding.23. When the glass or liquor are transparent, the light is sometimes softened in the passage.24. For there nor yew nor cypress spread their gloom.25. Every one of these letters are in my name.26. Neither of them are remarkable for precision.27. Squares, triangles, and other angular figures, are neither beautiful to the sight nor feeling.28. There is not one in a thousand of these human souls that cares to think where this estate is, or how beautiful it is, or what kind of life they are to lead in it.29. Dryden and Rowe's manner are quite out of fashion.30. We were only permitted to stop for refreshment once.31. The sight of the manner in which the meals were served were enough to turn our stomach.32. The moody and savage state of mind of the sullen and ambitious man are admirably drawn.33. Surely none of our readers are so unfortunate as not to know some man or woman who carry this atmosphere of peace and good-will about with them. (Sec. 411.)34. Friday, whom he thinks would be better than a dog, and almost as good as a pony.35. That night every man of the boat's crew, save Amyas, were down with raging fever.36. These kind of books fill up the long tapestry of history with little bits of detail which give human interest to it.37. I never remember the heather so rich and abundant.38. These are scattered along the coast for several hundred miles, in conditions of life that seem forbidding enough, but which are accepted without complaint by the inhabitants themselves.39. Between each was an interval where lay a musket.40. He had four children, and it was confidently expected that they would receive a fortune of at least $200,000 between them.
1. Can you imagine Indians or a semi-civilized people engaged on a work like the canal connecting the Mediterranean and the Red seas?
2. In the friction between an employer and workman, it is commonly said that his profits are high.
3. None of them are in any wise willing to give his life for the life of his chief.
4. That which can be done with perfect convenience and without loss, is not always the thing that most needs to be done, or which we are most imperatively required to do.
5. Art is neither to be achieved by effort of thinking, nor explained by accuracy of speaking.
6. To such as thee the fathers owe their fame.
7. We tread upon the ancient granite that first divided the waters into a northern and southern ocean.
8. Thou tread'st, with seraphims, the vast abyss.
9. Eustace had slipped off his long cloak, thrown it over Amyas's head, and ran up the alley.
10. This narrative, tedious perhaps, but which the story renders necessary, may serve to explain the state of intelligence betwixt the lovers.
11. To the shame and eternal infamy of whomsoever shall turn back from the plow on which he hath laid his hand!
12. The noise of vast cataracts, raging storms, thunder, or artillery, awake a great and awful sensation in the mind.
13. The materials and ornaments ought neither to be white, nor green, nor yellow, nor blue, nor of a pale red.
14. This does not prove that an idea of use and beauty are the same thing, or that they are any way dependent on each other.
15.
And were I anything but what I am,I would wish me only he.
And were I anything but what I am,I would wish me only he.
16. But every man may know, and most of us do know, what is a just and unjust act.
17. You have seen Cassio and she together.
18. We shall shortly see which is the fittest object of scorn, you or me.
19. Richard glared round him with an eye that seemed to seek an enemy, and from which the angry nobles shrunk appalled.
20. It comes to whomsoever will put off what is foreign and proud.
21. The difference between the just and unjust procedure does not lie in the number of men hired, but in the price paid to them.
22. The effect of proportion and fitness, so far at least as they proceed from a mere consideration of the work itself, produce approbation, the acquiescence of the understanding.
23. When the glass or liquor are transparent, the light is sometimes softened in the passage.
24. For there nor yew nor cypress spread their gloom.
25. Every one of these letters are in my name.
26. Neither of them are remarkable for precision.
27. Squares, triangles, and other angular figures, are neither beautiful to the sight nor feeling.
28. There is not one in a thousand of these human souls that cares to think where this estate is, or how beautiful it is, or what kind of life they are to lead in it.
29. Dryden and Rowe's manner are quite out of fashion.
30. We were only permitted to stop for refreshment once.
31. The sight of the manner in which the meals were served were enough to turn our stomach.
32. The moody and savage state of mind of the sullen and ambitious man are admirably drawn.
33. Surely none of our readers are so unfortunate as not to know some man or woman who carry this atmosphere of peace and good-will about with them. (Sec. 411.)
34. Friday, whom he thinks would be better than a dog, and almost as good as a pony.
35. That night every man of the boat's crew, save Amyas, were down with raging fever.
36. These kind of books fill up the long tapestry of history with little bits of detail which give human interest to it.
37. I never remember the heather so rich and abundant.
38. These are scattered along the coast for several hundred miles, in conditions of life that seem forbidding enough, but which are accepted without complaint by the inhabitants themselves.
39. Between each was an interval where lay a musket.
40. He had four children, and it was confidently expected that they would receive a fortune of at least $200,000 between them.
FOOTNOTES:[1]More for convenience than for absolute accuracy, the stages of our language have been roughly divided into three:—(1) Old English (with Anglo-Saxon) down to the twelfth century.(2) Middle English, from about the twelfth century to the sixteenth century.(3) Modern English, from about 1500 to the present time.
FOOTNOTES:
[1]More for convenience than for absolute accuracy, the stages of our language have been roughly divided into three:—(1) Old English (with Anglo-Saxon) down to the twelfth century.(2) Middle English, from about the twelfth century to the sixteenth century.(3) Modern English, from about 1500 to the present time.
[1]More for convenience than for absolute accuracy, the stages of our language have been roughly divided into three:—
(1) Old English (with Anglo-Saxon) down to the twelfth century.
(2) Middle English, from about the twelfth century to the sixteenth century.
(3) Modern English, from about 1500 to the present time.
THE NUMBERS REFER TO PAGES.