Fig. 665. Trophy on a triumphal arch.
Fig. 665. Trophy on a triumphal arch.
Fig. 665. Trophy on a triumphal arch.
Triumphal Arch.A monumental structure, usually a portico with one or more arches, erected across a public road for a triumphal procession to pass under.
Triumphalia, R. Insignia conferred upon a general on the occasion of a triumph; consisting of a richly embroidered toga and tunic, a sceptre, a chaplet of laurel leaves with a crown of gold, and a chariot.
Triumphalis(Via), R. The road traversed by a triumph.
Triumphus,Triumph, R. The pageant of the entry of a victorious general into Rome.
Trivet, Her. A circular or triangular iron frame with three feet, borne by the family of Tryvett.
Trivium, R. (tres, andvia, a way). A place where three roads meet.
Trochilus, Arch. A concave moulding in classic architecture. (SeeScotia.)
Trochlea, R. (τροχιλέα). A machine for raising weights, very similar to theTrispastos.
Trochus(τροχὸς, a wheel). A hoop represented on ancient gems as driven by naked boys with a crooked stick, precisely in the existing school fashion. It was of bronze, often with rings attached.
Trombone.A large trumpet with an arrangement of sliding tubes for modulating the tones by which every gradation of sound within its compass can be exactly produced.
Trophy, Gr. (τρόπαιον). A monument of victory (τροπή). Fig.665represents a trophy of Gallic spoils, from a bas-relief on the triumphal arch at Orange.
Trotcosie, Scotch. A warm covering for the head, neck, and breast, worn by travellers.
Fig. 666. Trulla.
Fig. 666. Trulla.
Fig. 666. Trulla.
Trua, dim.Trulla, R. (1) A large flat ladle or spoon perforated with holes and used for skimming liquids when boiling. (2) A kind of drinking-cup. (3) A portable brazier or earthenware vessel perforated with holes (Fig.666) for carrying hot coals about. (4) A mason’s trowel.
Trullissatio, R. A coating of plaster or cement laid on by the trowel (trulla).
Trumeau, Fr. A pier looking-glass.
Fig. 667. Trumpet.
Fig. 667. Trumpet.
Fig. 667. Trumpet.
Trumpet, Her. The Romantuba; a long straight tube expanded at its extremity.
Truncated.With the top cut off parallel to the base.
Trunnions.The side supports on which a cannon rests on its carriage.
Truss, Arch. The system of timbers mutually supporting each other and the roof.
Trussed, Her. Said of birds, with closed wings.
Trussing, Her. Said of birds of prey, devouring.
Tuba, R. A straight bronze trumpet with a small mouthpiece at one end, the other being wide and bell-shaped. (Cf.Cornu.)
Tubilustrum,Quinquatrus, R. Festivals held at Rome twice a year, for the purification of trumpets (tubæ).
Tubla.Assyrian drums, with skin at the top only.
Tuck, O. E. A short sword or dagger, worn in the 16th and 17th centuries by all classes.
Tucket, O. E. (It.toccata). A flourish on a trumpet.
Tudesco, Sp. A wide cloak.
Tudor Arch, Arch. An arch of four centres, flat for its span; having two of its centres in or near the spring, and the other two far below it. (Rickman.)
Tudor Flower, Arch. An ornament common to Elizabethan buildings. A flat flower, or leaf, as a crest or finish on cornices, &c.
Tudor Rose, formed by the union of the white and red roses of York and Lancaster; is described in heraldry as a white rose charged upon a red one. (See Fig.395.)
Tudor Style, Arch. The style which prevailed under the Tudor dynasty. The term is loosely applied to various periods. (SeePerpendicular.)
Tufa.A porous variety of limestone deposited by calcareous water. It hardens on exposure to the air; and was much used by the Romans for facing buildings, and generally, on account of its lightness, for vaulting. (SeeTravertine.)
Tugurium, R. (tego, to cover). A thatched roof, and thence, a peasant’s hut.
Tulip-tree.The wood of this tree is smooth and fine-grained, very easily wrought, and not liable to split. It is largely used in carving and ornamental work, and for panels in coach building.
Tulle. A plain silk lace, blonde or net.
Tumblers.The drinking-glasses so called take their name from their original shape, rounded at the bottom, so that theytumbledover unless they were very carefully set down. Similar goblets are still made of wood in Germany; often with the inscription—
“Trink’ mich aus, und leg’ mich nieder:Steh’ ich auf, so füll’ mich wieder.”
“Trink’ mich aus, und leg’ mich nieder:Steh’ ich auf, so füll’ mich wieder.”
“Trink’ mich aus, und leg’ mich nieder:Steh’ ich auf, so füll’ mich wieder.”
“Trink’ mich aus, und leg’ mich nieder:
Steh’ ich auf, so füll’ mich wieder.”
Fig. 668. Plan of a Tumulus.
Fig. 668. Plan of a Tumulus.
Fig. 668. Plan of a Tumulus.
Tumulus(tumeo, to swell). Sepulchral mounds of ancient and prehistoric construction. The illustrations, figs. 668 and 669, show the plan and section of a Gallic tumulus opened at Fontenay le Marmion.
Fig. 669. Section of a Tumulus.
Fig. 669. Section of a Tumulus.
Fig. 669. Section of a Tumulus.
Tumulus Honorarius.(SeeCenotaphium.)
Tunbridge Ware.Inlaid-work of variously-coloured woods made at Tunbridge Wells in Kent.
Fig. 670. Tunica muliebris,talaris.
Fig. 670. Tunica muliebris,talaris.
Fig. 670. Tunica muliebris,talaris.
Tunica, Gr. and R. A tunic; the principal garment worn both by men and women among the Greeks and Romans. It was a kind of woollen shirt confined round the neck and the waist; it came down as far as the knee; it had short sleeves which only covered the upper part of the arm. Tunics were classed as follows: theexomis, theepomis, thechiton, themanicataormanuleata, thetalaris, themuliebris, theinteriororintima, therecta, theangusticlavia, thelaticlavia, thepatagiata, thepalmata, theasema, and thepicta. (Bosc.) (Fig.670.)
Tunicatus, Gr. and R. Wearing a tunic.
Tunicle, Chr. (Lat.subtile). The vestment of the sub-deacon; it resembled the dalmatic, but had tight sleeves.
Turbo, R. (Gr.βέμβιξ). A child’s whipping-top; the whorl of a spindle.
Turibulum.(SeeThurible.)
Turicremus.(SeeThuricremus.)
Turkey Carpetsare made entirely of wool, the loops being larger than those of Brussels carpeting, and always cut; the cutting of the yarn gives the surface the appearance of velvet.
Turkey-stitch(point de Turquie). A kind of carpet made at the Savonnerie, established 1627.
Turma, R. A squadron of legionary cavalry; it consisted of thirty-two men commanded by a decurion, and led under avexillum.
Turnbull’s Blue.A light and delicate variety ofPrussian blue.
Turner’s Yellow.An oxychloride of lead, known also aspatent yellow, andCassell yellow.
Turquoise.A valuable blue gem for ornamental purposes. (S.) Fossil ivory impregnated with copper. (F.)
Turrets, Arch. (Fr.tourette, a small tower). Towers of great height in proportion to their diameter, and large pinnacles, are called turrets; these often contain staircases, and are sometimes crowned with small spires. Large towers often have turrets at their corners.
Turricula, R. (dimin. ofturris). A small tower; also, a dice-box in the form of a tower, to which the Greeks applied the term ofpyrgus(πύργος).Turriculahas a synonymFritillus(q.v.).
Turriger, R. Bearing a tower; the term applies both to an elephant and a ship of war when thus armed.
Turris,Tower. In a general sense, any building or collection of buildings either lofty in themselves or built upon an elevation, and thence, fortifications, such as a tower of defence, the tower of a city gate or a castle, aDonjon(q.v.).
TusorThus, R. Frankincense, imported from Arabia and used in great quantities by the ancients either for religious ceremonies or to perfume their apartments.
Tuscan Order of Architecture.The simplest of the fiveOrdersof classical architecture, having no ornament whatever; unknown to the Greeks; a variety ofRoman Doric(q.v.). Thecolumnis about seven diameters high, including the base and capital. Thebaseis half a diameter in height; thecapitalis of equal height, having a squareabacus, with a small projecting fillet on the upper edge—under the abacus is an ovolo and a fillet with neck below; theshaftis never fluted; theentablatureis quite plain, having neithermutulesnormodillions; thefriezealso is quite plain.
TussesorToothing-stones, in building, are projecting stones for joining other buildings upon.
Tutulatus, R. Having the hair arranged in the form of a cone, or wearing the sacerdotal cap calledtutulus, and thence a priest who usually wore theTutulus(q.v.).
TutulusorApex, R. (1) A flamen’s cap; it was conical and almost pointed. (2) A mode of arranging the hair on the crown of the head in the shape of a pyramid or cone. An example is seen in the Medicean Venus.
Twill.A kind of ribbed cloth.
Tympanium, R. (τυμπάνιον). A pearl shaped like a kettle-drum, namely, with one surface flat and the other round.
Fig. 671. Tympanum. Romano-Byzantine.
Fig. 671. Tympanum. Romano-Byzantine.
Fig. 671. Tympanum. Romano-Byzantine.
Tympanum, R. (τύμπανον). (1) A tambourine, like that of modern times: a piece of stiff parchment stretched over a hoop with bells. (2) A drum-shaped wheel;tympanum dentatum, a cogged wheel. (3) In architecture, the flat surface, whether triangular or round, marked out by the mouldings of a pediment. Fig.671shows a tympanum of the Romano-Byzantine period. (ForTriangular Pediment, see Fig.26.)
Tynes, Scotch. (1) Branches of a stag’s antlers. (2) Teeth of a harrow.
Tyrian Purple.An ancient dye of a brilliant colour, obtained from shells of themurexandpurpura.