Z.
The initials Z and S and Z and C frequently interchange, especially in old words derived from the German, as zither, cither; zentner, centner, &c. The German Z is pronounced ts.
The initials Z and S and Z and C frequently interchange, especially in old words derived from the German, as zither, cither; zentner, centner, &c. The German Z is pronounced ts.
The initials Z and S and Z and C frequently interchange, especially in old words derived from the German, as zither, cither; zentner, centner, &c. The German Z is pronounced ts.
Zaba,Zava. An Arabic cuirass. (Meyrick.)
Zabaoth.(SeeSabaoth.)
Zafferano, It. Saffron. A vegetable yellow pigment.
Zaffre(It.zaffiro). An ancient blue pigment, prepared fromcobalt, of asapphireblue, resemblingsmalt.
Zamarilla, Sp. A loose jacket of sheepskins.
Zarf.An oriental saucer for coffee-cups.
Zauca,Zaucha, orZauga, Gr. and R. A soft and flexible leather boot peculiar to Eastern nations; it was worn under the trousers.
Zazahan, Sp. A kind of flowered silk.
Zebec.A common form of sailing vessel in the Mediterranean, rigged with a lateen sail.
Zebra Wood.TheHyawaballiof Guiana, a beautiful wood for furniture.
Zebu.The humped species to which the sacred Brahmin bull belongs, represented in Hindu art.
Zema, Gr. and R. (ζέμα). A vessel of earthenware or metal, a saucepan.
Zemzemeeyeh, Arabic. A skin for carrying water in the desert.
Zend-Avesta, Pers. “The Word of Life” or “Living Word.” The sacred book of the Parsees; it consists of two parts, one of which is written inZend, the other inPehloiandParsee. The first part is calledVendidad-Salé, and the secondBoundehech.
Zenith.The centre of the arch of the sky overhead. (Cf.Nadir.)
Zephyr Yarnis the dyed worsted thread usually known asBerlin wool.
Zeuxite.A gem. (SeeTourmaline.)
Zigzag, Arch. One of the mouldings frequently used in Norman architecture, running in zigzag lines. (See Fig.488.) Fig.123is an illustration of a variety of this ornament on a column.Zigzigmouldings in connexion with pointed arches are characteristic of the transition period of architecture, from the Norman to the Early English, frequently calledchevron.
Fig. 704. Duchess of Parma in richly embroidered robes and zimarra.
Fig. 704. Duchess of Parma in richly embroidered robes and zimarra.
Fig. 704. Duchess of Parma in richly embroidered robes and zimarra.
Zimarra.An Oriental robe, called in England alsoSamare. Described as a lady’s jacket: “it has a loose body and four side laps or skirts, which extend to the knee; the sleeves short, cut to the elbow, turned up and faced.”—Randle Holme.
Zincography.Engraving on plates of zinc, introduced in 1817. (SeePhotozincography.)
Zinc White.A pigment recently introduced as a substitute for the preparations of white lead. It is little liable to change, either by atmospheric action or mixture with other pigments. It is the white oxide of zinc, and is also calledChinese White(q.v.).
Zipo, Med. Lat. A shirt of mail.
Zircon.A peculiar rare grey and brown earth, found in the true rough and opaque varieties of hyacinth stone, which are met with in Ceylon, Norway, Carinthia, and the Ural. The termhyacinthis applied to the transparent and bright-coloured varieties of zircon, andjargoonto crystals devoid of colour and of a smoky tinge, occasionally sold as inferior diamonds. (Simmonds’ Com. Dict.)
Zither.A favourite stringed instrument of a soft and sweet effect, much used in the Austrian Tyrol. It is played lying flat on a table, and the strings struck with aplectrumworn on the thumb.
ZocleorSocle, Arch. The plinth in classical architecture.
Zodiacus,Zodiac, Gen. (ζωδιακὸς, i. e. pertaining to animals). The zone of the celestial sphere which extends to eight degrees on either side of the ecliptic. The Egyptians had representations of it in their temples, the most celebrated being that ofDenderah, a cast of which is at the Louvre. Other zodiacs have also been found in the great temple of Esneh and at Contra-Lato. Many monuments of the Romano-Byzantine and Gothic periods possess representations of zodiacs. They occur on the doorways and other parts of churches from the end of the 10th century. In particular may be noted the one which figures on the bas-reliefs of the frieze in the side apsides of the Romano-Auvergniate church of St. Paul d’Issoire. One of the largest zodiacs, dating from the beginning of the 11th century, is that of the church of St. Vézelay. The series of medallions which surround the great tympanum representing Christ and the apostles, contain, independently of the signs of the zodiac, representations of the agricultural operations belonging to each month of the year.
Fig. 705. Zona.
Fig. 705. Zona.
Fig. 705. Zona.
Zona, Gr. (1) A girdle, used to gird up the skirts of the dress for freedom of action (Fig.157); on occasions of solemnity, as sacrifices or funerals, the girdle was relaxed, and the folds of the dress allowed to hang to the feet (Fig.537); as a part of the marriage ceremony it was taken off. Upon the armour of men it supported the kilt, and was worn round the cuirass (Fig.705; cf. Fig.44). It was generally used as a purse. The celebrated girdle (cestus) of Venus, which conferred beauty and inspired love, is not represented on the statues of that goddess. There is a town on the Ægean Sea called Zona from the belt of trees upon it, still growing in the processional order in which they arrived when they left their native plantations and followed the music of Orpheus. (2) In Architecture, an entablature which encircles any isolated building. Lofty buildings surrounded by sevenzoneswere described asseptizonia. (3) In painted vases, horizontal annular bands often decorated with animals. (SeeZoophori.)
Zonula.Diminutive ofZona.
Zoomara, Arab. A double clarionet.
Fig. 706. Greek Vase decorated with Zoophori.
Fig. 706. Greek Vase decorated with Zoophori.
Fig. 706. Greek Vase decorated with Zoophori.
Zoophori.Bands of ornament on friezes, vases, &c., representing animals. (See Figs. 706, 707.)
Fig. 707. Vase with bands of Zoophori.
Fig. 707. Vase with bands of Zoophori.
Fig. 707. Vase with bands of Zoophori.
Zophorus, Gr. and R. (ζωφόρος). Literally, bearing animals, and thence afrieze, decorated with figures of animals, conventional or real.
Zotheca, Gr. and R. (ζω-θήκη). A small chamber adjoining a larger apartment, whither the occupant might retire for the purpose of study. (2) A small niche for the reception of a statue, vase, or any other object. The Romans had a diminutive forzotheca, viz.zothecula.
Zummárah, Egyp. A musical instrument; a double reed pipe.
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LONDON:PRINTED BY GILBERT AND RIVINGTON, LIMITED,ST. JOHN’S SQUARE.
LONDON:PRINTED BY GILBERT AND RIVINGTON, LIMITED,ST. JOHN’S SQUARE.
LONDON:
PRINTED BY GILBERT AND RIVINGTON, LIMITED,
ST. JOHN’S SQUARE.
TRANSCRIBER’S NOTESSilently corrected obvious typographical errors and variations in spelling.Retained archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings as printed.Moved illustrations to the head of the associated article. If more than one illustration then positioned some after the article.
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