[1167]Ibid.557.[1168]Ibid.560.[1169]PlateXXVIII.Fig.2.a´´´.[1170]Anat. Compar.ii. 557.[1171]Aharmonic sutureis when the margins of two flat bones simply touch each other, without any intermediate substance; and asquamose, when the thin margin of one covers that of the other.Anat. Compar.i. 124. With regard to the flat portions of the integument of insects, they have some motion; whereas a suture is an articulation without movement.Ibid.[1172]Their connexion by means of a ligament classes them underSynneurosis(MonroOn the Bones, Dr. Kirby's edit. 29), but even this not strictly, since a common ligament connects them all. Those of the trunk, as admitting a slight degree of motion, belong toAmphiarthrosis(Anat. Compar.i. 126), and those of the abdomen, which are capable of larger movements, toDiarthrosis(Ibid.127).[1173]See above, p.309—.[1174]In thehornetand other wasps, this line on the inside of the head furnishes a foundation for a septum, which in the sides of the nose is very high, and connects also with the hind part of the head.[1175]Anat. Compar.i. 445—.[1176]Ibid.447.[1177]Mém. sur les Anim. sans Vertèbr.I. i, 11—. Comp.Anat. Compar.iii. 314—.[1178]It is probable that M. Cuvier took his idea of this first kind of articulation, by contact of solid parts, from this individual insect; since, besides its very prominent throat, there is on each side of thelowerpart of the occiput a small elevation, or approach to a tubercle.[1179]Gen. des Crustac. et Ins.ii. 246.Regne Anim.iii. 325.[1180]This was written directly after the experiment recommended in the text had been tried, with the result there stated.[1181]Reaum. iv. 40. LatreilleFourmis, 328—.[1182]PlateVII.Fig.2. k´´.[1183]Clairville (Ent. Helvet.i. 44) appears to have been the first who classed insects according to their mode of taking their food.[1184]PlateVI.VII.XXVI.a´.[1185]InLucanus,Lamprina, &c. the labrum seems to form the under-side of the nose, and to be connate with it.[1186]KirbyMon. Ap. Angl.i.t.v.Apis*. b.f.18.b.[1187]Ibid. t.ii.Melitta**. b.f.4, 5.PlateXXVI.Fig.30.[1188]PlateXXVI.Fig.31.Mon. Ap. Angl.i.t.x.Apis**. c. 2. δ.f.13.c.[1189]PlatesVI.VII.andXXVI.b.[1190]De Geer iv. 124.t.iv.f.12. iii. 415.t.xxi.f.4.[1191]Ibid. iv. 281—.t.xi.f.7.[1192]Ibid. 329.t.xii.f.3.[1193]Ibid. ii. 775—.t.xxvi.f.10. b c, b c.[1194]Philos. Entom.18.[1195]Syst. Eleuth.i. Præf. iv.[1196]Gen. Crustac. et Ins.i. 180.[1197]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.iv. 246.[1198]PlateVI.Fig.6. b´. a´´.[1199]PlateVII.Fig.3. b´. a´´.[1200]KirbyLinn. Trans.xii.t.xxi.f.8.f.[1201]Ibid.t.xxi.f.10.d. MacLeayHor. Entomol.i.t.iii.f.26, 27.[1202]PlateXXVI.Fig.35.[1203]Ibid.Fig.34.[1204]PlateVII.Fig.3. b´.[1205]PlateXXVI.Fig.24. b´.[1206]PlateVII.Fig.3. a´´.[1207]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.xxiv. 171.[1208]PlateVI.Fig.6. e´.[1209]PlateVII.Fig.3. i´´.[1210]PlateVI.Fig.12. e´.[1211]PlateVI.Fig.6. b´.[1212]Ibid.Fig.12. b´.[1213]PlatesVI.VII.XXVI.b´´.[1214]PlateVI.Fig.6. b´´.[1215]Hor. Entomolog.i.t.i.f.1.g.[1216]Ibid. t.ii.f.18.g.[1217]KirbyMon. Ap. Angl.i.t.xii.neut.f.1.g.c.[1218]Ibid.93. 103—.t.vi. Apis **. b.f.3.b.c.[1219]Ibid.t.i. *. a.f.3.b.[1220]Ibid.t.ix.Apis**. c. 2. γ.f.3.b.[1221]Clairv. Ent. Helvet.ii.t.xxiv.f.1.c.[1222]PlateXXVI.Fig.24, 28. b´´.[1223]Mon. Ap. Angl.i.t.ii.Melitta**. b.f.2.c.[1224]PlateXIII.Fig.2.Linn. Trans.xii.t.xxi.f.6.b.[1225]This is the case withOxyporusF.PlateXIII.Fig.4.[1226]PlateVI.Fig.12. b´´. Latreille,N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.xvii. 545, seems not to regard these as palpi; but from their tubular form, and insertion in the socket of the labium, it is clear that they ought to be so considered.[1227]PlatesVI.VII.XXVI.c´.[1228]A corresponding articulation takes place between the tibia and thigh of some of theScarabæidæ, which will be hereafter described. SeePlateXXVII.Fig.8-11.[1229]Comparaison des Organes de la Mastication desOrthoptères, 2.[1230]Comparaison des Organes de la Mastication desOrthoptères, 2.[1231]See above, p. 407. note1174.[1232]Ubi supra, 4.[1233]Ibid.[1234]Ibid.5.[1235]Oliv.Ins.no. 66.Prionus. t.xiii.f.54.[1236]Ibid.no. 83.Curculio. t.iv.f.37.[1237]Linn. Trans.xii.t.xxi.f.12.[1238]For Mandibles ofLocustaseePlateVI.Fig.6. c´. ofLampyrisOliv.Ins.no. 28.t.i.f.1. ofBuprestis,Ibid.no. 32.t.iii.f.17. ofLucanus,Ibid.no. 1.t.i-v. and ofPrionus,Ibid.no. 66.t.ii.f.8.[1239]Gomphosisis, when one bone is immoveably fixed in another as a nail in a board.[1240]Marcel de Serresubi supra.7.[1241]SeePlateXIII.Fig.7. KirbyMon. Ap. Angl.i.t.xiii.f.13. andt.xii.neut. f.10.[1242]PlateXXVI.Fig.19.[1243]Oliv.Ins.no. 42.t.i.f.1. and no. 2.t.i.f.1. b.[1244]PlateXXVI.Fig.16, 18.[1245]Ibid.Fig.21.[1246]Mon. Ap. Angl.i.t.iv.Melitta. f.5-8.[1247]DruryIns.ii.t.xlviii.f.3. See above, p.315.[1248]Oliv. no. 1.t.v.f.16. &c.t.iii.f.7.[1249]Comparaison des Organes, &c. 7—.[1250]PlateVI.Fig.6. andXIII.Fig.5. a´´´.[1251]PlateVI.Fig.12. andXIII.Fig.5. b´´´.[1252]PlateXXVI.Fig.16.[1253]I was not aware that Knoch had observed this part, till some time after the publication of my paperOn Mr. William MacLeay's Doctrine of Affinity and Analogy(seeLinn. Trans.xiv. 105—), when I happened to meet with it in a letter from a friend, received more than thirteen years ago; but without any reference to the work of Knoch, in which it was stated. It was doubtless taken from hisBeiträge zur Insektengeschichte.[1254]Anat. Comp.iii. 321—.[1255]One of those mandibles is represented inPlateXXVI.Fig.20. a´´´. incisive teeth d´´´. molary plate. Comp.Linn. Trans.ubi supr.t.iii.f.4.c a b.[1256]Vol.II. p.275—.[1257]In theMyrmeleon, or ant-lion, the suction is promoted by the action of a piston, that pumps up the juices. Reaum. vi. 369.[1258]De Geer iv. 386—.t.xv.f.10. See above, p.121.[1259]PlateXIII.Fig.7.c´´.[1260]Oliv.Ins.no. 42.Staphylinus.t.i.f.1. b.[1261]PlatesVI.VII.XXVI.d´.[1262]PlateVI.Fig.3, 6, 12.VII.Fig.3. c´´.[1263]PlateVII.Fig.3. a´´. e´´.Mon. Ap. Angl.i.t.xiii.f.1.e.[1264]Ibid.f.3.a.[1265]Clairv.Ent. Helvet.ii. 146.t.xxiii.f.super.b.[1266]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.iv. 243.[1267]InAnoplognathus, however, though it has neither teeth nor spines, it is as hard as the mandibles.[1268]See above, p.317.[1269]PlateXXVI.Fig.10, 11. d´´´. e´´´.[1270]Ibid.Fig.9. d´´´. e´´´.[1271]PlateVI.Fig.6, 12. d´´´. e´´´. Oliv.Ins.no. 45.Meloe.t.i.f.1. c. These are what Fabricius callsgaleatemaxillæ, on which he founded his classUlonata.[1272]PlateXXVI.Fig.11. d´´´. e´´´.[1273]PlateVI.Fig.3. d´´´.[1274]Clairv.Ent. Helvet.t.i.t.xviii.f.super.b.[1275]Ibid.t.xix.b.This genus may be the analogue of some heteromerous one yet undiscovered, asCalosomais ofAdelium(KirbyLinn. Trans. xii.t.xxii.f.2.)[1276]Clairv.Ent. Helvet.ii.t.xxiv.f.super.b.[1277]PlateXXVI.Fig.11.[1278]Oliv.Ins.no. 19.Trogosita.t.1.f.d. no. 41 bis.Dryops. t.i.f.1. c.[1279]See above,Vol.I. p.238.[1280]Oliv.Ins. no. 17.Ptinus.t.i.f.1. c.[1281]Ibid.no. 60.Blaps t.i.f.2. c.[1282]Ibid.no. 88.Languria. t.i.f.2. c.[1283]Ibid.no. 89.Erotylus. t.ii.f.12. c.[1284]Oliv.Ins.no. 41.Gyrinus.t.i.f.1. e.[1285]PlateXXVI.Fig.13.Hor. Entomolog.i.t.iii.f.29, 30. E.[1286]Mon. Ap. Angl.i.t.ii.Melitta. **. a.f.2.t.v.Apis. *. b.f.4. &c.[1287]Oliv.Ins.no. 48.Cerocoma.t.i.f.1. c.[1288]PlateXXVI.Fig.10-12.[1289]Clairv.Ent. Helvet.ii.Cicindela.t.xxiv.f.super.b.forCarabidæ,Dytiscidæ, his other plates.[1290]Hor. Entomolog.i.t.ii.f.13. E.[1291]PlateVI.Fig.6, 12. f´´´.[1292]Hor. Entomolog.t.i.f.3. E.[1293]Ibid.f.4. E.[1294]Oliv.Ins.no. 7.Hexodon.t.i.f.1. e.[1295]Ibid.no. 3.Scarabæus.t.l.f.1. f.[1296]Kirby inLinn. Trans.xiv. 102.t.iii.f.4. d.[1297]De Geer v. 417.t.iv.f.12.[1298]PlatesVI.VII.h´´.[1299]See above, p.443.[1300]Mon. Ap. Angl.i.t.ix. 2. c. 2. β.f.2.d. g.4.t.xii.neut. f.6.d.t.xiii.f.3.b.[1301]Clairv.Ent. Helv.ii.t.xxiii.f.1.[1302]PlateVII.Fig.3. b´´. h´´.[1303]PlateVI.Fig.12. b´´. f´´´.[1304]Ibid.Fig.13. h´´. SavignyAnim. sans Vertèbr.l. i. 29—.t.i.-iii. ȯ.[1305]De Geer vi.t.xix.f.4.d.[1306]Ibid.t.ix.f.8.b b.t. xii.f.20.b.t.xiv.f.15.i i.[1307]PlateXXVI.Fig.6.[1308]Ibid.Fig.5.[1309]KirbyMon. Ap. Angl.i.t.x.Apis.**. c. 2. δ.f.3.a.and **. d. 1.f.1.d.[1310]Clairv.Ent. Helvet.ii.t.xxxi.f. super. b. Mon. Ap. Angl.i.t.xiv.f.1.h. f.3, 5.c.[1311]See above, p.317.[1312]PlateXXVI.Fig.1. As the very remarkable maxillary palpi of that extraordinary Coleopterous genusAtractocerusseem not to have been so fully described as they deserve, I shall give here a minute detail of their composition. They consist offourjoints: the first is wide and short, and somewhat platter-shaped; the second is much smaller and shorter: the third is concavo-convex, or shaped like a shallow bowl: towards the breast this joint is elevated, and on the elevated edge sits the last joint, which is longer than all the rest taken together. In my specimen it points towards the breast; its under side is entire and slightly curved, but in the upper side are two rows of lamellæ (b), placed alternatelynineon each side, with an odd one at the end: these lamellæ are full of minute papillæ, and furrowed on the side next the mouth. From between the first pair a slender exarticulate hairy branch or appendage emerges (a), which forms nearly a right angle with the main stem. Thelabial palpiappear to consist ofthreejoints; the two first very short, and the last large, ovate, and acute. This description is not taken fromA. necydaloides, but from a Brazilian species more than five times its size, which I have namedA. grandis.[1313]PlateVI.VII.XXVI.e´.[1314]PlateVI.Fig.6, 12. e´. CuvierAnat. Compar.iii. 347.[1315]CuvierIbid.[1316]HuberFourmis, 4—.[1317]Anim. sans Vertèbr.iii. 304.[1318]See above, p.440.[1319]Reaum. v. 309—.[1320]PlateXXVI.Fig.23.[1321]Clairv.Ent. Helvet.ii. Pref. xxii.[1322]KirbyMon. Ap. Angl.i.t.xiv. (1) 2.b.[1323]PlateXXVI.Fig.24. e´.[1324]Clairv.ubi supr.t.xx.c.[1325]PlateXXVI.Fig.28. e´.[1326]Kirbyubi supr.fig. (8) 1.c c.The lateral pieces in the tongue inVespa(Ibid. c c.) have been regarded as lobes of it, but they are ratherParaglossæ.[1327]PlateXXVI.Fig.29. e´.[1328]Clairv.ubi supr. t. xxx.c.[1329]Kirbyubi supr.no. 2.f.1, 3.[1330]PlateXXVI.Fig.24.b.[1331]Kirbyubi supr. t.x.Apis. c. 2. δ.f.5.t.xii.neut. f.2, 3.t.xiii.f.1.h.[1332]PlateXXVI.Fig.26, 29.[1333]PlateXXVI.Fig.28. i´´.[1334]KirbyMon. Ap. Angl.i.t.xii.neut.f.1.h h.t.xiii.f.1.f f.[1335]Ibid.t.x. **. d, 1.f.2.b b.[1336]See above, p.425.[1337]PlateVII.Fig.14. f´.[1338]Reaum. v. 317.[1339]Organisation exterieur des Ins.184.[1340]Ubi supra.[1341]Anim. sans Vertèbr.I. i. 12.[1342]De Geer ii. 778—.t.xxvi.f.11.m.PlateVII.Fig.2. k´´.[1343]Ubi supra.[1344]See above, p.455.[1345]Organisation&c. 182.[1346]Under this name M. Savigny includes theMyriapoda,Arachnida, andCrustacea.Anim. sans Vertèbr.I. i. 40.[1347]Ibid.43.[1348]Vol.II. p.275—. Also see above, p.121—.[1349]Anim. sans Vertèbr.I. i.t.ii.f.2. a. a´.[1350]PlateVII.Fig.13. c´.[1351]Ibid.d´.[1352]Anim. sans Vertèbr.I. i. 106.PlateVII.Fig.13. b´.[1353]Ubi supr.45—.[1354]PlateVII.Fig.11.f´,a´´.[1355]Ubi supra, 45.[1356]Ibid. 44—.[1357]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.ii. 275—.PlateVII.Fig.10. c´.[1358]De Geert.xl.f.4.t.x.f.7, 8.[1359]See above, p.18,30.[1360]SavignyAnim. sans Vertèbr.I. i. 62.[1361]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.ii. 277.[1362]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.ii. 276.[1363]Ibid.[1364]Ubi supr.58.[1365]PlateXV.Fig.7.[1366]PlateVI.Fig.7-9. a´, b´, c´, d´.[1367]Magaz.1806.[1368]PlateVI.Fig.7. a´.[1369]Ibid. Labium b´. Mandibulæ c´. Maxillæ d´.[1370]SavignyAnim. sans Vertèbr.I. i. 37.[1371]De Geer iii. 137—.t.ix.f.4.[1372]Reaum. iii. 335.t.xxviii.f.8-14.[1373]De Geer iii. 117.t.viii.f.22.b.[1374]PlateVII.Fig.5, 6. a´, b´, c´, d´.[1375]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.iv. 253.[1376]PlateVII.Fig.5, 6. a´.[1377]Ibid.[1378]Reaum. iv.t.xvi.Fig.13. z.[1379]Authors are not agreed as to the precise number of lancets contained in a gnat's proboscis. Swammerdam affirms there aresix, including the labrum. i. 156. b.t.xxxii.f.3. Reaumur could find onlyfive. iv. 597—.t.xlii.f.10. And Leeuwenhoeck onlyfour.[1380]PlateVII.Fig.5.[1381]PlateVII.Fig.5. This figure is copied from Reaumur, and was engraved before this discovery was made.[1382]M. Savigny is of opinion that the central lancet or lancets represent theEpipharynxandHypopharynx; for which he does not state his reasons: but as these are properly covers of the pharynx, the idea seems incorrect.Ubi supr.15.[1383]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.ix. 489. and iv. 253—.[1384]Ubi supr.36.[1385]Ibid.t.iv.f.1. o.o.[1386]Vol.I. p.48,110—.[1387]PlateVI.Fig.13. a´, b´, c´, d´.[1388]Vol.I. p.394—.[1389]PlateVI.Fig.13. a´. SavignyAnim. sans Vertèbr.I. i. 3—.t.i.-iii. a.[1390]Ibid.i.PlateVI.Fig.13. c´.[1391]Ibid.Fig.13. h´´. Savignyubi supr. o.
[1167]Ibid.557.
[1168]Ibid.560.
[1169]PlateXXVIII.Fig.2.a´´´.
[1170]Anat. Compar.ii. 557.
[1171]Aharmonic sutureis when the margins of two flat bones simply touch each other, without any intermediate substance; and asquamose, when the thin margin of one covers that of the other.Anat. Compar.i. 124. With regard to the flat portions of the integument of insects, they have some motion; whereas a suture is an articulation without movement.Ibid.
[1172]Their connexion by means of a ligament classes them underSynneurosis(MonroOn the Bones, Dr. Kirby's edit. 29), but even this not strictly, since a common ligament connects them all. Those of the trunk, as admitting a slight degree of motion, belong toAmphiarthrosis(Anat. Compar.i. 126), and those of the abdomen, which are capable of larger movements, toDiarthrosis(Ibid.127).
[1173]See above, p.309—.
[1174]In thehornetand other wasps, this line on the inside of the head furnishes a foundation for a septum, which in the sides of the nose is very high, and connects also with the hind part of the head.
[1175]Anat. Compar.i. 445—.
[1176]Ibid.447.
[1177]Mém. sur les Anim. sans Vertèbr.I. i, 11—. Comp.Anat. Compar.iii. 314—.
[1178]It is probable that M. Cuvier took his idea of this first kind of articulation, by contact of solid parts, from this individual insect; since, besides its very prominent throat, there is on each side of thelowerpart of the occiput a small elevation, or approach to a tubercle.
[1179]Gen. des Crustac. et Ins.ii. 246.Regne Anim.iii. 325.
[1180]This was written directly after the experiment recommended in the text had been tried, with the result there stated.
[1181]Reaum. iv. 40. LatreilleFourmis, 328—.
[1182]PlateVII.Fig.2. k´´.
[1183]Clairville (Ent. Helvet.i. 44) appears to have been the first who classed insects according to their mode of taking their food.
[1184]PlateVI.VII.XXVI.a´.
[1185]InLucanus,Lamprina, &c. the labrum seems to form the under-side of the nose, and to be connate with it.
[1186]KirbyMon. Ap. Angl.i.t.v.Apis*. b.f.18.b.
[1187]Ibid. t.ii.Melitta**. b.f.4, 5.PlateXXVI.Fig.30.
[1188]PlateXXVI.Fig.31.Mon. Ap. Angl.i.t.x.Apis**. c. 2. δ.f.13.c.
[1189]PlatesVI.VII.andXXVI.b.
[1190]De Geer iv. 124.t.iv.f.12. iii. 415.t.xxi.f.4.
[1191]Ibid. iv. 281—.t.xi.f.7.
[1192]Ibid. 329.t.xii.f.3.
[1193]Ibid. ii. 775—.t.xxvi.f.10. b c, b c.
[1194]Philos. Entom.18.
[1195]Syst. Eleuth.i. Præf. iv.
[1196]Gen. Crustac. et Ins.i. 180.
[1197]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.iv. 246.
[1198]PlateVI.Fig.6. b´. a´´.
[1199]PlateVII.Fig.3. b´. a´´.
[1200]KirbyLinn. Trans.xii.t.xxi.f.8.f.
[1201]Ibid.t.xxi.f.10.d. MacLeayHor. Entomol.i.t.iii.f.26, 27.
[1202]PlateXXVI.Fig.35.
[1203]Ibid.Fig.34.
[1204]PlateVII.Fig.3. b´.
[1205]PlateXXVI.Fig.24. b´.
[1206]PlateVII.Fig.3. a´´.
[1207]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.xxiv. 171.
[1208]PlateVI.Fig.6. e´.
[1209]PlateVII.Fig.3. i´´.
[1210]PlateVI.Fig.12. e´.
[1211]PlateVI.Fig.6. b´.
[1212]Ibid.Fig.12. b´.
[1213]PlatesVI.VII.XXVI.b´´.
[1214]PlateVI.Fig.6. b´´.
[1215]Hor. Entomolog.i.t.i.f.1.g.
[1216]Ibid. t.ii.f.18.g.
[1217]KirbyMon. Ap. Angl.i.t.xii.neut.f.1.g.c.
[1218]Ibid.93. 103—.t.vi. Apis **. b.f.3.b.c.
[1219]Ibid.t.i. *. a.f.3.b.
[1220]Ibid.t.ix.Apis**. c. 2. γ.f.3.b.
[1221]Clairv. Ent. Helvet.ii.t.xxiv.f.1.c.
[1222]PlateXXVI.Fig.24, 28. b´´.
[1223]Mon. Ap. Angl.i.t.ii.Melitta**. b.f.2.c.
[1224]PlateXIII.Fig.2.Linn. Trans.xii.t.xxi.f.6.b.
[1225]This is the case withOxyporusF.PlateXIII.Fig.4.
[1226]PlateVI.Fig.12. b´´. Latreille,N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.xvii. 545, seems not to regard these as palpi; but from their tubular form, and insertion in the socket of the labium, it is clear that they ought to be so considered.
[1227]PlatesVI.VII.XXVI.c´.
[1228]A corresponding articulation takes place between the tibia and thigh of some of theScarabæidæ, which will be hereafter described. SeePlateXXVII.Fig.8-11.
[1229]Comparaison des Organes de la Mastication desOrthoptères, 2.
[1230]Comparaison des Organes de la Mastication desOrthoptères, 2.
[1231]See above, p. 407. note1174.
[1232]Ubi supra, 4.
[1233]Ibid.
[1234]Ibid.5.
[1235]Oliv.Ins.no. 66.Prionus. t.xiii.f.54.
[1236]Ibid.no. 83.Curculio. t.iv.f.37.
[1237]Linn. Trans.xii.t.xxi.f.12.
[1238]For Mandibles ofLocustaseePlateVI.Fig.6. c´. ofLampyrisOliv.Ins.no. 28.t.i.f.1. ofBuprestis,Ibid.no. 32.t.iii.f.17. ofLucanus,Ibid.no. 1.t.i-v. and ofPrionus,Ibid.no. 66.t.ii.f.8.
[1239]Gomphosisis, when one bone is immoveably fixed in another as a nail in a board.
[1240]Marcel de Serresubi supra.7.
[1241]SeePlateXIII.Fig.7. KirbyMon. Ap. Angl.i.t.xiii.f.13. andt.xii.neut. f.10.
[1242]PlateXXVI.Fig.19.
[1243]Oliv.Ins.no. 42.t.i.f.1. and no. 2.t.i.f.1. b.
[1244]PlateXXVI.Fig.16, 18.
[1245]Ibid.Fig.21.
[1246]Mon. Ap. Angl.i.t.iv.Melitta. f.5-8.
[1247]DruryIns.ii.t.xlviii.f.3. See above, p.315.
[1248]Oliv. no. 1.t.v.f.16. &c.t.iii.f.7.
[1249]Comparaison des Organes, &c. 7—.
[1250]PlateVI.Fig.6. andXIII.Fig.5. a´´´.
[1251]PlateVI.Fig.12. andXIII.Fig.5. b´´´.
[1252]PlateXXVI.Fig.16.
[1253]I was not aware that Knoch had observed this part, till some time after the publication of my paperOn Mr. William MacLeay's Doctrine of Affinity and Analogy(seeLinn. Trans.xiv. 105—), when I happened to meet with it in a letter from a friend, received more than thirteen years ago; but without any reference to the work of Knoch, in which it was stated. It was doubtless taken from hisBeiträge zur Insektengeschichte.
[1254]Anat. Comp.iii. 321—.
[1255]One of those mandibles is represented inPlateXXVI.Fig.20. a´´´. incisive teeth d´´´. molary plate. Comp.Linn. Trans.ubi supr.t.iii.f.4.c a b.
[1256]Vol.II. p.275—.
[1257]In theMyrmeleon, or ant-lion, the suction is promoted by the action of a piston, that pumps up the juices. Reaum. vi. 369.
[1258]De Geer iv. 386—.t.xv.f.10. See above, p.121.
[1259]PlateXIII.Fig.7.c´´.
[1260]Oliv.Ins.no. 42.Staphylinus.t.i.f.1. b.
[1261]PlatesVI.VII.XXVI.d´.
[1262]PlateVI.Fig.3, 6, 12.VII.Fig.3. c´´.
[1263]PlateVII.Fig.3. a´´. e´´.Mon. Ap. Angl.i.t.xiii.f.1.e.
[1264]Ibid.f.3.a.
[1265]Clairv.Ent. Helvet.ii. 146.t.xxiii.f.super.b.
[1266]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.iv. 243.
[1267]InAnoplognathus, however, though it has neither teeth nor spines, it is as hard as the mandibles.
[1268]See above, p.317.
[1269]PlateXXVI.Fig.10, 11. d´´´. e´´´.
[1270]Ibid.Fig.9. d´´´. e´´´.
[1271]PlateVI.Fig.6, 12. d´´´. e´´´. Oliv.Ins.no. 45.Meloe.t.i.f.1. c. These are what Fabricius callsgaleatemaxillæ, on which he founded his classUlonata.
[1272]PlateXXVI.Fig.11. d´´´. e´´´.
[1273]PlateVI.Fig.3. d´´´.
[1274]Clairv.Ent. Helvet.t.i.t.xviii.f.super.b.
[1275]Ibid.t.xix.b.This genus may be the analogue of some heteromerous one yet undiscovered, asCalosomais ofAdelium(KirbyLinn. Trans. xii.t.xxii.f.2.)
[1276]Clairv.Ent. Helvet.ii.t.xxiv.f.super.b.
[1277]PlateXXVI.Fig.11.
[1278]Oliv.Ins.no. 19.Trogosita.t.1.f.d. no. 41 bis.Dryops. t.i.f.1. c.
[1279]See above,Vol.I. p.238.
[1280]Oliv.Ins. no. 17.Ptinus.t.i.f.1. c.
[1281]Ibid.no. 60.Blaps t.i.f.2. c.
[1282]Ibid.no. 88.Languria. t.i.f.2. c.
[1283]Ibid.no. 89.Erotylus. t.ii.f.12. c.
[1284]Oliv.Ins.no. 41.Gyrinus.t.i.f.1. e.
[1285]PlateXXVI.Fig.13.Hor. Entomolog.i.t.iii.f.29, 30. E.
[1286]Mon. Ap. Angl.i.t.ii.Melitta. **. a.f.2.t.v.Apis. *. b.f.4. &c.
[1287]Oliv.Ins.no. 48.Cerocoma.t.i.f.1. c.
[1288]PlateXXVI.Fig.10-12.
[1289]Clairv.Ent. Helvet.ii.Cicindela.t.xxiv.f.super.b.forCarabidæ,Dytiscidæ, his other plates.
[1290]Hor. Entomolog.i.t.ii.f.13. E.
[1291]PlateVI.Fig.6, 12. f´´´.
[1292]Hor. Entomolog.t.i.f.3. E.
[1293]Ibid.f.4. E.
[1294]Oliv.Ins.no. 7.Hexodon.t.i.f.1. e.
[1295]Ibid.no. 3.Scarabæus.t.l.f.1. f.
[1296]Kirby inLinn. Trans.xiv. 102.t.iii.f.4. d.
[1297]De Geer v. 417.t.iv.f.12.
[1298]PlatesVI.VII.h´´.
[1299]See above, p.443.
[1300]Mon. Ap. Angl.i.t.ix. 2. c. 2. β.f.2.d. g.4.t.xii.neut. f.6.d.t.xiii.f.3.b.
[1301]Clairv.Ent. Helv.ii.t.xxiii.f.1.
[1302]PlateVII.Fig.3. b´´. h´´.
[1303]PlateVI.Fig.12. b´´. f´´´.
[1304]Ibid.Fig.13. h´´. SavignyAnim. sans Vertèbr.l. i. 29—.t.i.-iii. ȯ.
[1305]De Geer vi.t.xix.f.4.d.
[1306]Ibid.t.ix.f.8.b b.t. xii.f.20.b.t.xiv.f.15.i i.
[1307]PlateXXVI.Fig.6.
[1308]Ibid.Fig.5.
[1309]KirbyMon. Ap. Angl.i.t.x.Apis.**. c. 2. δ.f.3.a.and **. d. 1.f.1.d.
[1310]Clairv.Ent. Helvet.ii.t.xxxi.f. super. b. Mon. Ap. Angl.i.t.xiv.f.1.h. f.3, 5.c.
[1311]See above, p.317.
[1312]PlateXXVI.Fig.1. As the very remarkable maxillary palpi of that extraordinary Coleopterous genusAtractocerusseem not to have been so fully described as they deserve, I shall give here a minute detail of their composition. They consist offourjoints: the first is wide and short, and somewhat platter-shaped; the second is much smaller and shorter: the third is concavo-convex, or shaped like a shallow bowl: towards the breast this joint is elevated, and on the elevated edge sits the last joint, which is longer than all the rest taken together. In my specimen it points towards the breast; its under side is entire and slightly curved, but in the upper side are two rows of lamellæ (b), placed alternatelynineon each side, with an odd one at the end: these lamellæ are full of minute papillæ, and furrowed on the side next the mouth. From between the first pair a slender exarticulate hairy branch or appendage emerges (a), which forms nearly a right angle with the main stem. Thelabial palpiappear to consist ofthreejoints; the two first very short, and the last large, ovate, and acute. This description is not taken fromA. necydaloides, but from a Brazilian species more than five times its size, which I have namedA. grandis.
[1313]PlateVI.VII.XXVI.e´.
[1314]PlateVI.Fig.6, 12. e´. CuvierAnat. Compar.iii. 347.
[1315]CuvierIbid.
[1316]HuberFourmis, 4—.
[1317]Anim. sans Vertèbr.iii. 304.
[1318]See above, p.440.
[1319]Reaum. v. 309—.
[1320]PlateXXVI.Fig.23.
[1321]Clairv.Ent. Helvet.ii. Pref. xxii.
[1322]KirbyMon. Ap. Angl.i.t.xiv. (1) 2.b.
[1323]PlateXXVI.Fig.24. e´.
[1324]Clairv.ubi supr.t.xx.c.
[1325]PlateXXVI.Fig.28. e´.
[1326]Kirbyubi supr.fig. (8) 1.c c.The lateral pieces in the tongue inVespa(Ibid. c c.) have been regarded as lobes of it, but they are ratherParaglossæ.
[1327]PlateXXVI.Fig.29. e´.
[1328]Clairv.ubi supr. t. xxx.c.
[1329]Kirbyubi supr.no. 2.f.1, 3.
[1330]PlateXXVI.Fig.24.b.
[1331]Kirbyubi supr. t.x.Apis. c. 2. δ.f.5.t.xii.neut. f.2, 3.t.xiii.f.1.h.
[1332]PlateXXVI.Fig.26, 29.
[1333]PlateXXVI.Fig.28. i´´.
[1334]KirbyMon. Ap. Angl.i.t.xii.neut.f.1.h h.t.xiii.f.1.f f.
[1335]Ibid.t.x. **. d, 1.f.2.b b.
[1336]See above, p.425.
[1337]PlateVII.Fig.14. f´.
[1338]Reaum. v. 317.
[1339]Organisation exterieur des Ins.184.
[1340]Ubi supra.
[1341]Anim. sans Vertèbr.I. i. 12.
[1342]De Geer ii. 778—.t.xxvi.f.11.m.PlateVII.Fig.2. k´´.
[1343]Ubi supra.
[1344]See above, p.455.
[1345]Organisation&c. 182.
[1346]Under this name M. Savigny includes theMyriapoda,Arachnida, andCrustacea.Anim. sans Vertèbr.I. i. 40.
[1347]Ibid.43.
[1348]Vol.II. p.275—. Also see above, p.121—.
[1349]Anim. sans Vertèbr.I. i.t.ii.f.2. a. a´.
[1350]PlateVII.Fig.13. c´.
[1351]Ibid.d´.
[1352]Anim. sans Vertèbr.I. i. 106.PlateVII.Fig.13. b´.
[1353]Ubi supr.45—.
[1354]PlateVII.Fig.11.f´,a´´.
[1355]Ubi supra, 45.
[1356]Ibid. 44—.
[1357]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.ii. 275—.PlateVII.Fig.10. c´.
[1358]De Geert.xl.f.4.t.x.f.7, 8.
[1359]See above, p.18,30.
[1360]SavignyAnim. sans Vertèbr.I. i. 62.
[1361]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.ii. 277.
[1362]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.ii. 276.
[1363]Ibid.
[1364]Ubi supr.58.
[1365]PlateXV.Fig.7.
[1366]PlateVI.Fig.7-9. a´, b´, c´, d´.
[1367]Magaz.1806.
[1368]PlateVI.Fig.7. a´.
[1369]Ibid. Labium b´. Mandibulæ c´. Maxillæ d´.
[1370]SavignyAnim. sans Vertèbr.I. i. 37.
[1371]De Geer iii. 137—.t.ix.f.4.
[1372]Reaum. iii. 335.t.xxviii.f.8-14.
[1373]De Geer iii. 117.t.viii.f.22.b.
[1374]PlateVII.Fig.5, 6. a´, b´, c´, d´.
[1375]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.iv. 253.
[1376]PlateVII.Fig.5, 6. a´.
[1377]Ibid.
[1378]Reaum. iv.t.xvi.Fig.13. z.
[1379]Authors are not agreed as to the precise number of lancets contained in a gnat's proboscis. Swammerdam affirms there aresix, including the labrum. i. 156. b.t.xxxii.f.3. Reaumur could find onlyfive. iv. 597—.t.xlii.f.10. And Leeuwenhoeck onlyfour.
[1380]PlateVII.Fig.5.
[1381]PlateVII.Fig.5. This figure is copied from Reaumur, and was engraved before this discovery was made.
[1382]M. Savigny is of opinion that the central lancet or lancets represent theEpipharynxandHypopharynx; for which he does not state his reasons: but as these are properly covers of the pharynx, the idea seems incorrect.Ubi supr.15.
[1383]N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.ix. 489. and iv. 253—.
[1384]Ubi supr.36.
[1385]Ibid.t.iv.f.1. o.o.
[1386]Vol.I. p.48,110—.
[1387]PlateVI.Fig.13. a´, b´, c´, d´.
[1388]Vol.I. p.394—.
[1389]PlateVI.Fig.13. a´. SavignyAnim. sans Vertèbr.I. i. 3—.t.i.-iii. a.
[1390]Ibid.i.PlateVI.Fig.13. c´.
[1391]Ibid.Fig.13. h´´. Savignyubi supr. o.