Saturn's rings are probably swarms of meteorites.
72.Clerk-Maxwell proved, as long ago as 1857, that the stability of the rings which revolve round the planet Saturn is inconsistent with their being formed of continuous solid or liquid matter; and has shown, by mechanical reasoning, that they must be revolving clouds of small separate bodies, like cannon-shot, each moving as a satellite and almost independent of the rest in its motion: determination of the motions of the inner and outer parts of the ring-system made with the help of the spectroscope supports this conclusion.
Nebulæ.
73.Reichenbach, in 1858, before the self-luminosity had been proved by means of the spectroscope, had imagined a nebula to be a cloud of isolated meteorites, illuminated by some neighbouring sun: Chladni, long before, had supposed a nebula to be a cloud of phosphorescent dust. But, in 1864, it was established by Sir William Huggins that the light is due, not to reflection or phosphorescence, but to incandescence, for the spectrum consists of bright lines such as are yielded by glowing gas. Tait,41in 1871, suggested that the nebulæ may be clouds of mutually impinging meteorites, mingled with glowing gases developed by the impacts; he pointed out that the heat produced by the clashing of the individuals of such an immense group as a nebula evidently is would be quite adequate for the production of their light. Sir Norman Lockyer finds that the bright lines (generally accompanied by a certain amount of continuous spectrum) which have been observed in nebular spectra are consistent with this suggestion, and regards them as closely related to the low temperature lines obtained when a gentle electric glow is passed over meteorite-fragments in a tube containing gases given out by them, and of which the density has been reduced by the air-pump; further, he points out that the nebular spectrum is identical with that of the comets of 1866 and 1867 when distant from the sun. According to this suggestion, a nebula and a comet are ofidentical constitution, and a comet is merely a nebula which has become entangled in the solar system. On the other hand, Sir William Huggins has expressed (1891) the opinion that the spectrum of the bright-line nebulæ is certainly not such as we should expect to result from the collision of meteorites like those which have reached the earth, and that it is suggestive of a high temperature; he points out that the particles which have just been in collision may be at high temperatures and yet the average temperature of all the particles may be low.
Stars.
74.The examination and classification of the spectra of the stars has likewise led to remarkable conclusions. Secchi, following Rutherfurd, found that the stars could be distributed into classes according to the characters of their spectra,42and his classification has since, with little modification, been adopted by Vogel and Dunér, by whom several thousand star-spectra have now been systematically mapped. The first three classes are characterised by absorption, the fourth by radiation.
In the spectra of Class I the absorption is small and simple, the dark lines being broad and few; the stars themselves are white: in one division of this class, represented by Sirius and Vega, the principal lines are due to hydrogen; in another important division, represented by β, γ, δ, ε, ζ Orionis, lines of helium are very pronounced.
In Class II the dark lines are thinner and more numerous; the stars are bluish-white to reddish-yellow: to this class belong the Sun, Arcturus, Capella.
The absorption in Class III manifests itself predominantly as flutings, though there are also many thin lines: the stars are orange or red: in one division (a) of this class the darkest part and the sharpest edge of each fluting is towards the violet end of the spectrum, as in Betelgeux; in a smaller division (b) the darkest part of each fluting is towards the red end, as in star 152 Schjellerup; the fluting absorption of the latter division being due to carbon.
The remaining Class IV is an extremely small one: the spectra are characterised by bright lines: some of the linesare due to hydrogen, and others to substances not yet recognised in terrestrial chemistry.
Supposed cooling of all the stars.
75.Soon after the classification suggested by Secchi had been announced, it was surmised that the differences in the stars of the first three classes might be due, not so much to differences of matter, as to differences of temperature, and that a very hot star such as, from its brightness and distance, its small and simple absorption, and the development of the blue end of its spectrum, Vega is believed to be, would, on getting older and colder, pass from Class I to Class II, and thence to one or other of the divisions of Class III.
New stars.
76.In 1866 a star of 9th or 10th magnitude burst into greater brilliancy and nearly reached the intensity of Vega; the spectrum showed the presence of brilliantly glowing hydrogen. Almost as suddenly the light went down again, and within a month returned to its original brightness. Ten years later, another new star of the 3rd or 4th magnitude appeared at a place in the sky where no star had been noticed before; its spectrum showed numerous bright lines; gradually, in the course of a year, it dwindled down to the 10th magnitude, then giving the telescopic appearance and the spectrum of a nebula. Several other new stars have since been observed, the most notable being Nova Persei, which appeared in 1901. In each case, as the star faded, its spectrum changed into that which is characteristic of the nebulæ.
The appearance of a new star has been generally attributed to the collision of two bodies in space; Sir Norman Lockyer43has pointed out that the rapidity of the change in the brilliancy, so different from that of other stars, may be due to the smallness of the mass, and that such a star may be produced by the collision of two swarms of widely separated meteorites. He has shown that the changes in the spectrum as such a star varies in brightness are confirmatory of this view.
The heat of the sun.
77.That the heat of our own sun was originated by the falling together of smaller bodies was, until lately, generallyacknowledged;44for the only other conceivable natural cause, known to exist from independent evidence, namely, chemical combination, was quite insufficient; the greatest amount of heat obtainable from the most advantageous chemical combination of any of the then known elements, having a total mass equal to that of the sun, would not cover the sun's expenditure for more than three thousand years, while there is no difficulty on the meteoritic explanation in providing a supply of heat sufficient to cover the loss by radiation during 20,000,000 years. But the discovery that compounds of radium maintain themselves at a higher temperature than that of surrounding bodies and are only inappreciably changed though continuously emitting an appreciable amount of heat, shows that the meteoritic hypothesis as to the cause of the sun's high temperature is not necessarily the true one: there may be an analogous heat-yielding material in the sun.
In any case the present loss of the sun's heat by radiation is probably not covered by the fall of bodies into the sun; for the requisite mass would, if from distant regions, visibly affect the motions of the planets by its attraction, and, even if circulating round the sun at no great distance from it, would seriously disturb the motions of some of the comets. Further, much heat will result from the shrinkage of the volume of the solar aggregate.
Evolution of the heavenly bodies.
78.By study of the spectra, at various temperatures, of the elements and compounds found in those meteorites which have reached our earth and been preserved, Sir Norman Lockyer45has been led to support the view that the stars are not at present all cooling down, but that some, on the contrary, are rising in temperature; he suggests that many of the stars, like the nebulæ, are constituted of separate meteorites in continual relative motion, and become hotter and hotter through contraction of the grouping, collision, and transformation of the energy of position and motion into heat. This increase of temperature must continue duringsuccessive ages, until the energy of position and motion of the separate meteorites is wholly transformed, the separate masses having then combined to form a single white hot body which will gradually cool down to the state in which our own moon now is. If a swarm of meteorites forming one nebula be subjected to the external action of another moving swarm of meteorites, intermediate stages resembling the conditions of Saturn and of the solar system may ensue.
According to this spectroscopic affirmation of the nebular theory, all the heavenly bodies are constituted of the same kinds of elementary matter, those in fact which are found in meteorites and our own earth, and the difference is solely due to temperature; and a nebula in its gradual passage to the lunar condition will show every phase of spectrum observed in the stars as now existent.
Meteorites present no evidence of life.
79.Finally, it may be asked whether or not meteorites bring us any tangible evidence of the existence of living beings outside our own world. To this we may briefly answer, that while an organic origin can scarcely be claimed for the graphite present in the meteoric irons, there are no less than six meteoric stones which contain, though in very minute quantity, carbon compounds of such a character that their presence in a terrestrial body would be regarded as doubtlessly an indirect result of animal or vegetable existence. On the other hand, the stony matter is such that in a terrestrial body an igneous origin would be assumed.
Professor Maskelyne has pointed out that these carbon compounds can be completely removed without a preliminary pulverisation of the stone, and thus seem to be contained merely in the pores; he suggested that they may have been absorbed by the stones in their passage through an atmosphere containing the compounds in a state of vapour. In any case, it is impossible to prove that there is a necessary relation between these compounds of carbon and the existence of living beings.
Chondrules have been mistaken for organisms.
80.In 188046descriptions were given of sponges, corals,crinoids and plants, found in several meteorites, chiefly in that of Knyahinya, but the memoir has been generally regarded as an elaborate jest. The chondrules with their excentrically radiating crystallisation are there classified and named as sponges, corals and crinoids, while the structure of meteoric iron, revealed by the Widmanstätten figures, is regarded as a result of plant life. There can be no hesitation in asserting that as yet no organised matter has been found in meteorites.
Footnotes
REPRESENTED IN THE COLLECTION ON MAY 1, 1908.
The references in the second column correspond with numbers and letters on the cases, and indicate the pane behind which the meteorite will be found.
Weights under one gram are not given. 1,000 grams are equivalent to 2·205 avdp. lbs.
I. SIDERITES
or Meteoric Irons
(consisting chiefly of nickeliferous iron, and enclosing schreibersite, troilite, graphite, &.).
A. Fall Recorded.
[Arranged chronologically.]
1
1c
Agram(Hraschina), Croatia, Austria.
May 26,
1751.
282
2
1c
Charlotte, Dickson County, Tennessee, U.S.A.
July 31, orAug. 1,
1835.
77
3
1c,4l
Braunau(Hauptmannsdorf), Bohemia.
July 14,
1847.
554
4
1c,4l
Victoria West,Cape Colony, South Africa.
Fell in
1862.
153
5
1c,4h
Nedagolla,Mirangi, Vizagapatam, Madras, India.
Jan. 23,
1870.
4,280
6
1c
Rowton,near Wellington, Shropshire.
April 20,
1876.
3,109
7
1c
Mazapil,Zacatecas, Mexico.
Nov. 27,
1885.
14
8
1c
Cabin Creek,Johnson County, Arkansas, U.S.A.
March 27,
1886.
5
9
1c
N'Goureyma,Djenne, Massina, North-West Africa.
June 15,
1900.
871
B. Fall not Recorded.
[Arranged topographically.]
10
1c
La Caille,near Grasse, Alpes Maritimes, France.
For about two centuries it was in front of the church of La Caille and was used as a seat: its meteoric origin was recognised by Brard in 1828.
Acad. Sci. Bordeaux, 1829, p. 39.
374
11
1c
São Julião de Moreirade Lima, Minho, Portugal.
Known since 1883: described by Ben-Saude in 1888.
Comm. da commiss. d. trab. geol. de Portugal, 1888, vol. 2, p. 14.
728
12
1a
Obernkirchennear Bückeburg, Schaumburg-Lippe, Germany.
Found in a quarry on the Bückeberg 15 feet below the surface, and thrown aside: recognised as meteoric by Wicke and Wöhler, in 1863.
Pogg. Ann. 1863, vol. 120, p. 509.
34,700
13
1d
BitburgRhenish Prussia.
Dug up about 1807, taken to Trèves and put into a furnace: afterwards thrown away with the waste: later, fragments of having been recognised by Gibbs as meteoric, the mass was searched for by Nöggerath and re-discovered in 1824.
Schweigg. Journ. 1825, vol. 43, p. 1.
1,349
14
1d,4l
SeeläsgenBrandenburg, Prussia.
Found in draining a field: several years afterwards, in 1847, it was met with by Hartig and recognised as meteoric.
Pogg. Ann. 1848, vol. 73, p. 329; 1849, vol. 74, p. 57.
9,846
15
1d
SchwetzPrussia.
Found in 1850 in making a road; it was about 4 feet below the surface: described by Rose in 1851.
Pogg. Ann. 1851, vol. 83, p. 594.
1,062
16
1d
Nenntmannsdorf, Pirna, Saxony.
Found in 1872 about 2 feet below the surface: reported by Geinitz in 1873.
Sitzungs-Ber. d. n. G. Isis in Dresden, 1873, p. 4.
15
17
1d
Tabarz,near Gotha, Germany.
Said to have been seen by a shepherd to fall on Oct. 18, 1854: described in 1855 by Eberhard, to whom the rust seemed incompatible with a recent fall.
Ann. Chem. Pharm. 1855, vol. 96, p. 286.
9
18
1d
Elbogen, Bohemia.
Preserved for centuries at the Rathhaus of Elbogen: its meteoric origin was recognised by Neumann in 1811.
Gilb. Ann. 1812, vol. 42, p. 197.
94
19
1d
Bohumilitz,Prachin, Bohemia.
Laid bare by heavy rain in 1829.
Verh. Ges. Mus. Böhm. April 3, 1830, p. 15.
118
20
1d
Lénárto,Sáros, Hungary.
Found in 1814: described by Tehel in 1815.
Gilb. Ann. 1815, vol. 49, p. 181.
2,018
21
1d
Arva(Szlanicza), Hungary.
Made known by Haidinger in 1844.
Pogg. Ann. 1844, vol. 61, p. 675.
9,110
22
1d
Nagy-Vázsony,Veszprim, Hungary.
Found in 1890: described by Brezina in 1896.
Ann. d. k. k. Naturh. Hofmus. Wien,1896, vol. 10, pp. 284, 356.
69
23
1d
Tula(Netschaëvo), Russia.
Found in 1846 in making a road: it was 2 feet below the surface: recognised as meteoric by Auerbach in 1857.
Wien. Akad. Ber., 1860 (1861), vol. 42, p. 507.
1,076
24
1d
Sarepta,Saratov, Russia.
Found in 1854: reported by Auerbach in the same year.
Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscow, 1854, p. 504.
283
25
1d
Verkhne-Dnieprovsk,Ekaterinoslav, Russia.
Found in 1876.
24
26
1d
Augustinovka,Ekaterinoslav, Russia.
Known before 1893; fragment described by Meunier in that year.
Comptes Rendus, 1893, vol. 116, p. 1151.
950
27
1d
Bischtübe,Nikolaev, Turgai, Russia.
Found in 1888: described by Kislakovsky in 1890.
Bull. de la Soc. Imp. des Natur. de Moscou, 1890, vol. 4, p. 187.
1,750
28
1d
Petropavlovsk(gold washings), Mrasa River, Tomsk, Asiatic Russia.
Found about 32 feet from the surface: given to the Director of the Kolyvani Works in 1841 and described by Sokolovskji in the same year.
Erman's Archiv f. wiss. Kunde von Russland, 1841, vol. 1, p. 314.
12
29
1d
Toubil River(Taiga), Petropavlovsk, Yeniseisk, Asiatic Russia.
Found in 1891: described by Khlaponin in 1898.
Verhandl. russ.-kais. min. Ges., 1898, ser. 2, vol. 35, p. 233.
490
30
1d
SsyromolotovoKeshma, Yeniseisk, Asiatic Russia.
Known since the year 1873: described: by Göbel in 1874.
Bull. Ac. Imp. des Sc. de St. Pétersb. 1874, vol. 19, p. 544.
3
31
1e
Verkhne-Udinsk(Niro River), Transbaikal, Asiatic Russia.
Found in 1854: noted by Buchner in 1865.
Pogg. Ann. 1865, vol. 124, p. 599.
2,904
32
1e
Nochtuisk,Jakutsk, Asiatic Russia.
Found in 1876.
4
33
1b
Nejed(Wanee Banee Khaled), Central Arabia.
Said to have been seen to fall in 1863; probably this is a mistake and the time of fall unknown: described by L. F. in 1887.
Mineralog. Magazine, 1887, vol. 7, p. 179.
58,160
34
1e
KodaikanalPalni Hills, Madura, Madras, India.
Known since 1898: reported by Holland in 1900: described by Berwerth in 1906.
Proc. Asiatic Soc. of Bengal, 1900, January, p. 2. Tschermak's Min. u. Petrog. Mitth. 1906, vol. 25, p. 179.
2,355
35
1e
Tanokami(-yama), Kurifuto-gÅri, ÅŒmi, Japan.
Found about 1885: described by ÅŒtsuki in 1900, and Jimbo in 1906.
Jour. Geol. Soc. TÅkyÅ, 1900, vol. 7, p. 85. Beiträge zur Mineralogie von Japan. Herausgegeben von T. Wada, 1906, No. 2, p. 42.
178
36
1e
Uwet,Southern Nigeria, Africa.
6,948
37
1e
Bethany, Great Namaqualand, South Africa.
(a) Many large masses were reported by Alexander in 1838 to be lying N.E. of Bethany and near the Great Fish River.
{None of the fragments given to Alexander seem to have been placed in Museum Collections.} L. F.
Jour. Roy. Geog. Soc. of London,1838, vol. 8, p. 24.
(b)Bethany(Lion River). A large mass said to have been found near Lion River, Great Namaqualand, was described by Shepard in 1853.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1853, ser. 2, vol. 15, p. 1.
388
(c)Bethany (Wild).A large mass which had long been known to the missionaries of Bethany was brought to CapeTown by Wild in 1860: described by Cohen in 1900.
Annals of the South African Mus. 1900, vol. 2, part 2, p. 21
1,434
(d)Bethany (Mukerop).Four large masses were met with in 1899 at Mukerop, Gibeon, Great Namaqualand: described by Brezina and Cohen in 1902.
Jahreshefte des Vereins für Vaterl. Naturk. Württ., 1902, vol. 58, p. 292.
4,320
(e)Bethany (Springbok River).A fragment (9 grams) found with the label "Spring Bok River," among Dr. H. J. Burkart's minerals, after his death in 1874. {All the above masses may have been transported at some time or other from the place indicated by Alexander; their etched figures are similar.} L. F.
Mineralog. Magazine, 1904, vol. 14, p. 28.
9
38
1e
Orange RiverDistrict, South Africa.
Sent from the Orange River District in 1855: described by Shepard in 1856.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1856, ser. 2, vol. 21, p. 213.
95
39
1e
Hex River MountainsCape Colony, South Africa.
Found in 1882: described by Brezina in 1896.
Ann. d.k.k. Naturh. Hofmus. Wien, 1896, vol. 10, pp. 291, 349.
245
40
1e
Cape of Good Hope:between Sunday River and Bushman River (west of Great Fish River), Cape Colony, South Africa.
Known long before 1793: mentioned in "Barrow's Travels into the Interior of South Africa," 1801, vol. i. p. 226: full particulars were given in 1805 by von Dankelmann.
Mag. für den neuesten Zustand der Naturkunde, von J. H. Voigt, 1805, vol. 10, p. 12.
342
41
1e
Kokstad,Griqualand East, South Africa.
Ann. South African Mus. 1900, vol. 2, p. 9.
243
42
1e
PrambananSurakarta, Java.
Known as early as 1797, and probably earlier: described by Baumhauer in 1866.
Arch. Néer. Haarlem, 1866, vol. 1, p. 465.
8
43
1f
Thunda,Windorah, Diamantina District, Queensland, Australia.
Described by Liversidge in 1886.
Jour. and Proc. Roy. Soc. of New South Wales, 1887, vol. 20, p. 73.
396
44
1f
Mungindi,New South Wales, Australia.
Found on the Queensland side of the border in 1897: mentioned by Card in 1897 and figured by Ward in 1898.
Rec. Geol. Surv. of New South Wales, 1897, vol. 5, p. 121. Amer. Jour. Sc. 1898, ser. 4, vol. 5, p. 138.
368
45
1f
Boogaldi,Coonabarabran, New South Wales.
Found in 1900: described by Baker in 1900 and by Liversidge in 1902.
Jour. and Proc. Roy. Soc. New South Wales, 1900, vol. 34, p. 81; and 1903, vol. 36, p. 341.
179
46
1f
Cowra,Bathurst, New South Wales.
Known since 1888: described by Card in 1897.
Records of the Geol. Survey of New South Wales, 1897, vol. 5, p. 51.
192
47
1f
Narraburra,Temora, New South Wales.
Found in 1855: described by Russell in 1890 and by Card in 1897.
Jour. and Proc. Roy. Soc. of New South Wales, 1890, vol. 24, p. 81. Rec. Geol. Surv. of New South Wales, 1897, vol. 5, p. 52.
1918
48
1f
Nocoleche,Wanaaring, New South Wales.
Known in 1895: described by Cooksey in 1897.
Records of the Australian Mus. 1897, vol. 3, p. 51.
687
49
1f
Rhine Villa,Rhine Valley, South Australia.
Described by Goyder in 1901.
Trans. of the Roy. Soc. of South Australia, 1901, vol. 25, p. 14.
193
50
Sep.Stand,1f
Cranbourne,near Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
(a) Two large masses, found nearly four miles apart, have been known since 1854: described by Haidinger in 1861.
Wien. Akad. Ber. 1861, vol. 43, Abth. 2, p. 583.
3,500,000
(b) A much smaller mass was found later at Beaconsfield, six miles from Cranbourne: described by Cohen in 1897.
Sitzungsber. k. pr. Ak. d. Wiss. zu Berlin, 1897, vol. 46, p. 1035.
1f
(c) {Fragments found in Abel's collection of minerals with the label "Yarra Yarra River—Date 1858" had probably been detached from one of the two masses of Cranbourne.} L. F.
214
51
1e
Youndegin,70 miles E. of York, Western Australia.
Found in 1884: described by L. F. in 1887.
Mineralog. Magazine, 1887, vol. 7, p. 121.
13,187
52
1f
Roebourne(200 miles south-east of), Western Australia.
Found in 1892: described by Cooksey in 1897 and by Ward in 1898.
Records of the Australian Mus. 1897, vol. 3, p. 59. Amer. Jour. Sc. 1898, ser. 4, vol. 5, p. 135.
1,502
53
1f
Mount Stirling,Western Australia.
Known in 1892: described by Cooksey in 1897.
Records of the Australian Mus. 1897, vol. 3, p. 58.
1,888
54
1f
Ballinoo,Murchison River, Western Australia.
Found in 1892: described by Cooksey in 1897 and by Ward in 1898.
Records of the Australian Mus. 1897, vol. 3, p. 55. Amer. Jour. Sc. 1898, ser. 4, vol. 5, p. 136.
3,160
55
1f
Mooranoppin,Western Australia.
Found in or before 1893: described by Cooksey in 1897 and by Ward in 1898.
Records of the Australian Mus. 1897, vol. 3, p. 58. Amer. Jour. Sc. 1898, ser. 4, vol. 5, p. 140.
261
56
4m
Melville Bay,35 miles east of Cape York, West Greenland (Ross's iron).
Two knives or lance-heads with bone handles given to Captain John Ross in 1818 by the Eskimos of Prince Regent's Bay: one of them was figured by Ross on page 102 of his work. According to the Eskimos, the iron had been obtained from a neighbouring mountain called Sowallick.
Voyage of Discovery, &., by Captain John Ross. London, 1819.
The locality of the three large masses was shown by an Eskimo to Lieut. Peary in 1894: by him they were later transported to New York.
Northward over the Great Ice, by R. E. Peary. London, 1898, vol. 2, p. 556.
57
1f
Madoc,Hastings County, Ontario, Canada.
Found in 1854: described by Hunt in 1855.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1855, ser. 2, vol. 19,p. 417.
205
58
1f
Welland,Ontario, Canada.
Ploughed up in 1888: described by Howell in 1890.
Proc. Rochester Ac. of Sc. 1890, vol. 1, p. 86.
466
59
1f
Thurlow,Hastings County, Ontario, Canada.
Found in 1888: described by Hoffmann in 1897.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1897, ser. 4, vol. 4, p. 325.
189
60
1f
Iron Creek,Battle River, North Saskatchewan, Canada.
Removed about 1869: described by Coleman in 1886.
Proc. and Trans. Roy. Soc. of Canada, 1887, vol. 4, sec. 3, p. 97.
79
61
1h
Lockport(Cambria), Niagara County, New York, U.S.A.
Turned up by plough: described as meteoric by Silliman in 1845.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1845, ser. 1, vol. 48, p. 388.
5,329
62
4l
Seneca River,Cayuga County, New York, U.S.A.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1852, ser. 2, vol. 14, p. 439.
54
63
1g,4l
Burlington, Otsego County, New York, U.S.A.
Turned up by plough some time previous to 1819, and described by Silliman in 1844.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1844, ser. 1, vol. 46, p. 401.
290
64
1g
Pittsburg(Miller's Run), Alleghany County, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
Described by Silliman in 1850: date of find unknown.
Proc. Amer. Assoc. Fourth Meeting, held Aug. 1850, vol. 4, p. 37.
208
65
1g
Mount Joy,Adams County, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
Found in 1887: described by Howell in 1892.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1892, ser. 3, vol. 44, p. 415.
730
66
1g
Emmittsburg,Frederick County, Maryland, U.S.A.
Found in 1854.
6
67
1g
Staunton,Augusta County, Virginia, U.S.A.
Five masses have been found. Three masses, of which two at least were found in 1869, were described by Mallet in 1871.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1871, ser. 3, vol. 2, p. 10.
2,893
A fourth was found about 1858-9, thrown away, used in the construction of a stone fence, then as an anvil; was next built into a wall: in 1877 it was taken out, and its meteoric nature was recognised by Mallet.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1878, ser. 3, vol. 15, p. 337.
A fifth was described by Kunz in 1887.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1887, ser. 3, vol. 33, p. 58.
68
1g
Indian Valley Township,Floyd County, Virginia, U.S.A.
Found in 1887: described by Kunz and Weinschenk in 1891.
Tschermak's Min. u. Petrog. Mitth. 1891, vol. 12, p. 182.
82
69
1g
Greenbrier County(near the summit of the Alleghany Mountain, 3 miles north of White Sulphur Springs), West Virginia, U.S.A.
Found about 1880: described by L. F. in 1887.
Mineralog. Magazine, 1887, vol. 7, p. 183.
2,238
70
1g
Jenny's Creek,Wayne County,West Virginia, U.S.A.
The first piece was found before the Spring of 1883 and lost sight of; two other pieces were found in 1883 and 1885 respectively: reported by Kunz in 1885.
Proc. Amer. Assoc. for the year 1885, vol. 34, p. 246.
78
71
1h
Smith's Mountain,Rockingham County, N. Carolina, U.S.A.
Reported by Genth in 1875 to have been found in 1866.
Rep. Geol. Surv. N. Carolina, by Kerr: Raleigh, 1875, vol. 1, app. C, p. 56.
77
Reported by Smith in 1877 to have passed into the hands of Kerr about 1863.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1877, ser. 3, vol. 13, p. 213.
No mention of date of find by Genth when describing the meteorite in 1885.
Minerals and Mineral Localities of North Carolina, by Genth and Kerr: Raleigh, 1885, p. 15.
72
1h
Deep Springs(farm), Rockingham County, N. Carolina, U.S.A.
Known since about 1846: described by Venable in 1890.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1890, ser. 3, vol. 40, p. 161.
170
73
1h
Guilford County,N. Carolina, U.S.A.
Date of find unknown: first described by Shepard as terrestrial in 1830, but in 1841 its meteoric origin was recognised by him.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1830, ser. 1, vol. 17, p. 140; and 1841, vol. 40, p. 369.
15
74
1h
Lick Creek,Davidson County, North Carolina, U.S.A.
Found in 1879: described by Hidden in 1880.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1880, ser. 3, vol. 20, p. 324.
19
75
1h
Linnville Mountain,Burke County, N. Carolina, U.S.A.
Found about 1882: described by Kunz in 1888.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1888, ser. 3, vol. 36, p. 275.
21
76
1h
Ellenboro',Rutherford County, N. Carolina, U.S.A.
Found in 1880: described by Eakins in 1890.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1890, ser. 3, vol. 39, p. 395.
52
77
1h
Bridgewater,Burke County, N. Carolina, U.S.A.
Found by a ploughman: described by Kunz in 1890.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1890, ser. 3, vol. 40, p. 320.
51
78a
1h,4l
Jewell Hill,Walnut Mtns., Madison County, N. Carolina, U.S.A.
(a) One was given to Smith in 1854, and described by him in 1860.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1860, ser. 2, vol. 30, p. 240; and Orig. Res. in Min. and Chem. by Lawrence Smith, 1884, p. 409.
130
78b
1h
(b) A second was found in use in 1873, supporting a corner of a rail-fence: described as from Duel Hill by Burton in 1876. The etched figures are different for the two masses.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1876, ser. 3, vol. 12, p. 439. The Minerals and Mineral Localities of North Carolina, by Genth and Kerr: Raleigh, 1885, p. 14.
12
79
1h
Black Mountain,15 m. E. of Asheville, Buncombe County, N. Carolina, U.S.A.
Found about 1839, and described by Shepard in 1847.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1847, ser. 2, vol. 4, p. 82.
71
80
1h
Asheville(Baird's Plantation, 6 m. N. of), Buncombe County, N. Carolina, U.S.A.
Found loose in the soil: described by Shepard in 1839.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1839, ser. 1, vol. 36, p. 81; and 1847, ser. 2, vol. 4, p. 79.
111
81
1h
Murphy,Cherokee County, N. Carolina, U.S.A.
Found in 1899: described in the same year by Ward.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1899, ser. 4, vol. 8, p. 225.
1,521
82
1k
Chesterville,Chester County, S. Carolina, U.S.A.
Ploughed up several years before 1849, when it was described by Shepard.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1849, ser. 2, vol. 7, p. 449.
2,197
83
1k
Laurens County,S. Carolina, U.S.A.
Found in 1857: described by by Hidden in 1886.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1886, ser. 3, vol. 31, p. 463.
61
84
1k
Ruff's Mountain,Lexington County, S. Carolina, U.S.A.
Date of find not stated: described by Shepard in 1850.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1850, ser. 2, vol. 10, p. 128.
499
85
1k
Lexington County,S. Carolina, U.S.A.
Found in 1880: described by Shepard in 1881.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1881, ser. 3, vol. 21, p. 117.
271
86
1k
Union County,Georgia, U.S.A.
Found in 1853: described by Shepard in 1854.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1854, ser. 2, vol. 17, p. 328.
55
87
1k
Whitfield County(Dalton), Georgia, U.S.A.
First specimen found in 1877: particulars of find, and description, given by Hidden in 1881.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1881, ser. 3, vol. 21, p. 286.
288
A second specimen was found in 1879, and described by Shepard in 1883.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1883, ser. 3, vol. 26, p. 337.
88
1l
Losttown(2½ m. S.W. of), Cherokee County, Georgia, U.S.A.
Ploughed up in 1868: described in the same year by Shepard.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1868, ser. 2, vol. 46, p. 257.
6
89
1l
Canton,Cherokee County, Georgia, U.S.A.
Ploughed up in 1894: described by Howell in 1895. According to Brezina, Canton and Losttown probably belong to the same fall.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1895, ser. 3, vol. 50, p. 252.
330
90
1l
Holland's Store,Chattooga County, Georgia, U.S.A.
Found in 1887: described by Kunz in the same year.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1887, ser. 3, vol. 34, p. 471.
204
91
1l
Forsyth County,Georgia (notN. Carolina), U.S.A.
Found about 1892: described by Schweinitz in 1896 and Cohen in 1897; the former gives the State as "N. Carolina."
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1896, ser. 4, vol. 1, p. 208.Sitzungsber. k. pr. Ak. d. Wiss. zu Berlin, 1897, p. 386.
324
92
1l
Locust Grove,Henry County, Georgia, (? N. Carolina), U.S.A.
Found in 1857: described by Cohen in 1897, who gives the State as "N. Carolina."
Sitzungsber. k. pr. Ak. d. Wiss. zu Berlin, 1897, p. 76.
365
93
1l
Putnam County,Georgia, U.S.A.
Found in 1839: described by Willet in 1854.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1854, ser. 2, vol. 17, p. 331.
112
94
1l
Chulafinnee,Cleberne County, Alabama, U.S.A.
Ploughed up in 1873: described by Hidden in 1880.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1880, ser. 3, vol. 19, p. 370.
60
95
1l
Auburn,Lee (not Macon) County, Alabama, U.S.A.
Ploughed up some years before 1869, when it was described by Shepard.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1869, ser. 2, vol. 47, p. 230.
37
96
1l
Summit,Blount County, Alabama, U.S.A.
Known since 1890: described by Kunz in the same year.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1890, ser. 3, vol. 40, p. 322.
47
97
1h
Walker County,Alabama, U.S.A.
Found in 1832: described by Troost in 1845.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1845, ser. 1, vol. 49, p. 344.
22,040
98
1l
Claiborne(Lime Creek), Clarke County, Alabama, U.S.A.
Mentioned in 1834: described by Jackson in 1838.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1838, ser. 1, vol. 34, p. 332.
19
99
1l
Tombigbee River,Choctaw and Sumter Counties, Alabama, U.S.A.
Various masses found about 1859 and afterwards: described by Foote in 1899.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1899, ser. 4, vol. 8, p. 153.
7,875
100
1l
Oktibbeha County,Mississippi, U.S.A.
Found in an Indian tumulus: described by Taylor in 1857.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1897, ser. 2, vol. 24, p. 293.
—
101
1l
Cocke County(Cosby's Creek), Tennessee, U.S.A.
Described in 1840 by Troost: date of find unknown.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1840, ser. 1, vol. 38, p. 253.
50,460
102
1l
Babb's Mill,Green County, Tennessee, U.S.A.
Turned up by a plough: first mentioned in 1842: described by Troost in 1845.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1845, ser. 1, vol. 49, p. 342.
2,127
103
1l
Tazewell,Claiborne County, Tennessee, U.S.A.
Turned up by a plough in 1853: described by Shepard in 1854.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1854, ser. 2, vol. 17, p. 325.
336
104
1l
Waldron Ridge,Claiborne County, Tennessee, U.S.A.
Known since 1887: described by Kunz in the same year.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1887, ser. 3, vol. 34, p. 475.
70
105
1l
Cleveland,Bradley County, Tennessee, U.S.A.
This mass was acquired in 1867 by Lea, and described by Genth in 1886.
Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1886, p. 366.
209
106
1l
Jackson County,Tennessee, U.S.A.
Date of find unknown: described in 1846 by Troost.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1846, ser. 2, vol. 2, p. 357.
91
107
1m
Carthage,Smith County, Tennessee, U.S.A.
Found about 1844: described in 1846 by Troost.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1846, ser. 2, vol. 2, p. 356.
24,610
108
1l
Caney Fork,De Kalb County, Tennessee, U.S.A.
Turned up by a plough, near the mouth of the Caney Fork ("Caryfort"), date not mentioned: described by Troost in 1845.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1845, ser. 1, vol. 49, p. 341.
4
109
1l
Smithville,De Kalb County, Tennessee, U.S.A.
Three masses were ploughed up in 1892-3: described by Huntington in 1894.
Proc. Amer. Ac. Arts & Sci. 1894: new series, vol. 21, p. 251.
1,683
110
1l
Murfreesboro',Rutherford County, Tennessee, U.S.A.
Found about 1847-8: described in 1848 by Troost.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1848, ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 351.
2,790
111
1l
Coopertown,Robertson County, Tennessee, U.S.A.
Sent to Smith in 1860: described by him in 1861.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1861, ser. 2, vol. 31, p. 266.
179
112
1m
Kenton County(8 miles south of Independence), Kentucky, U.S.A.
Found in 1889: described by Preston in 1892.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1892, ser. 3, vol. 44, p. 163.
2,520
113
1m,4l
Lagrange,Oldham County, Kentucky, U.S.A.
Found in 1860: described by Smith in 1861.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1861, ser. 2, vol. 31, p. 265.
216
114
1m
Frankfort(8 miles S.W. of), Franklin County, Kentucky, U.S.A.
Found in 1866: described (1870) by Smith.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1870, ser. 2, vol. 49, p. 331.
216
115
1m,4l
Salt River,about 20 miles below Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.A.
Date of find not mentioned: described by Silliman in 1850.
Proc. Amer. Assoc. Fourth Meeting, held Aug. 1850, vol. 4, p. 36.
524
116
1m,4l
Nelson County,Kentucky, U.S.A.
Turned up by a plough in 1860: described by Smith in the same year.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1860, ser. 2, vol. 30, p. 240.
4,341
117
1m
Casey County,Kentucky, U.S.A.
Mentioned in 1877 by Smith.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1877, ser. 3, vol. 14, p. 246.
45
118
1m
Scottsville,Allen County, Kentucky, U.S.A.
Found in 1867: described by Whitfield in 1887.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1887, ser. 3, vol. 33, p. 500.
404
119
1m
Smithland,Livingston County, Kentucky, U.S.A.
Found about 1839-40, and described in 1846 by Troost.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1846, ser. 2, vol. 2, p. 357.
2,545
120
1m
Marshall County,Kentucky, U.S.A.
Described by Smith in 1860.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1860, ser. 2, vol. 30, p. 240.
80
121
1m
Wayne County(near Wooster), Ohio, U.S.A.
Found about 1858: described by Smith in 1864.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1864, ser. 2, vol. 38, p. 385.
5
122
1m
Grand Rapids,Kent County, Michigan, U.S.A.
Found in 1883 about 3 feet below the surface: reported by Eastman in 1884.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1884, ser. 3, vol. 28, p. 299.
1,135
123
1m
Reed City,Osceola County, Michigan, U.S.A.
Found in 1895: described by Preston in 1903.
Proc. Rochester Ac. U.S.A. of Sc., 1903, vol. 4, p. 89.
876
124
1m
Howard County(7 miles S.E. of Kokomo), Indiana, U.S.A.
Found in 1862 or 1870 at a depth of 2 feet: described by Cox in 1872 and by Smith in 1874.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1873, ser. 3, vol. 5, p. 155; and 1874, ser. 3, vol. 7, p. 391.
45
125
1m
Plymouth,Marshall County, Indiana, U.S.A.
Found in 1893 by a ploughman: described by Ward in 1895.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1895, ser. 3, vol. 49, p. 53.
445
126
1m
Independence County(about 7 miles east of Batesville), Arkansas, U.S.A.
Found in 1884: described by Hidden in 1886.
School of Mines Quarterly, 1886, vol. 7, No. 2, Jan., p. 188.
372
127
1m
South-East Missouri,U.S.A.
Found in 1863 in the Museum of 1869, St. Louis, labelled "South-East, Missouri": reported by Shepard in 1869.
Amer. Jour. Sc. ser. 2, vol. 47 p. 233.
102
128
1n
St. Genevieve County,Missouri, U.S.A.
Found in 1888: described by Ward in 1901.
Proc. Rochester Ac. of Sci., 1901, vol. 4, p. 65.
6,445
129
1p
Central Missouri,U.S.A.
Found about 1850-60: described 1900, by Preston in 1900.
Amer. Jour. Sc. ser. 4, vol. 9, p. 285.
988
130
1n
Butler,Bates County, Missouri, U.S.A.
Turned up by a plough: long afterwards came to the knowledge of Broadhead, who mentioned it in 1875.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1875, ser. 3, vol. 10, p. 401.
389
131
1n
Billings,Christian County, Missouri, U.S.A.
Found in 1903: described by Ward in 1905.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1905, ser. 4, vol. 19, p. 240.
633
132
1n
Arlington,Sibley County, Minnesota, U.S.A.
Found in 1894: described by Winchell in 1896.
Amer. Geologist, 1896, vol. 18, p. 267.
56
133
1n
Trenton,Washington County, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
Turned up by a plough in 1858: described by Dörflinger in 1868.
Smithson. Rep. for 1869: p. 417.
223
134
1n
Hammond Township,St. Croix County, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
Ploughed up in 1884: described by Fisher in 1887.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1887, ser. 3, vol. 34, p. 381.
62
135
1n
Algoma,Kewaunee County, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
Found in 1887: described by Hobbs in 1902 (1903).
Bull. Geol. Soc. America, 1903, vol. 14, p. 97.
18
136
1n
Dakota,U.S.A.
Described in 1863 by Jackson.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1863, ser. 2, vol. 36, p. 259.
224
137
1n
Jamestown(15 or 20 miles south-east of), Stutsman County, N. Dakota, U.S.A.
Found in 1885: described by Huntington in 1890.
Proc. Amer. Ac. Arts & Sci. 1890, vol. 25 (new ser., vol. 17), p. 229.
1,627
138
1n
Niagara,Grand Forks County, N. Dakota, U.S.A.
Found in 1879: described by Preston in 1902.
Jour. of Geology, 1902, vol. 10, p. 518.
17
139
1n
Nebraska(25 m. N.W. of Fort Pierre), Dakota, U.S.A.
Brought away in 1857: described by Holmes in 1860.
Trans. of St. Louis Acad. of Sc. 1857-60, vol. 1, p. 711.
2,016
140
1n
Crow Creek,Laramie County, Wyoming, U.S.A.
Found in 1887: described by Kunz in 1888.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1888, ser. 3, vol. 36, p. 276.
583
141
1n
Illinois Gulch,Deer Lodge County, Montana, U.S.A.
Found in 1899: described by Preston in 1900.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1900, ser. 4, vol. 9, p. 201.
637
142
1n
Tonganoxie,Leavenworth County, Kansas, U.S.A.
Found in 1886: described by Bailey in 1891.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1891, ser. 3, vol. 42, p. 385.
260
143
1n
Russel Gulch,Gilpin County, Colorado, U.S.A.
Found in 1863: described in 1866 by Smith.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1866, ser. 2, vol. 42, p. 218.
245
144
1n
Bear Creek,Denver, Colorado, U.S.A.
Found in 1866: described by Shepard in the same year.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1866, ser. 2, vol. 42, pp. 250, 286.
52
145
1n
Franceville,El Paso County, Colorado, U.S.A.
Found in 1890: described by Preston in 1902.
Proc. Rochester Ac. of Sci., 1902, vol. 4, p. 75.
772
146
1n
Hayden Creek,Lemhi County, Idaho, U.S.A.
Known in 1895: described by Hidden in 1900.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1900, ser. 4, vol. 9, p. 367.
79
147
1m
Willamette,Clackamas County, Oregon, U.S.A.
Found in 1902: described by Ward in 1904 and by Hovey in 1906.
Proc. Rochester Ac. of Sci., 1904, vol. 4, p. 137.Amer. Mus. Jour. 1906, vol. 6, p. 105.
976
148
1o
Canyon City,Trinity County, California, U.S.A.
Found in 1875: described by Shepard in 1885 and by Ward in 1904.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1885, ser. 8, vol. 29, p. 469; and 1904 ser. 4, vol. 17, p. 383.
193
149
1o
Oroville,Butte County, California, U.S.A.
Found in 1893.
373
150
1o
Shingle Springs,El Dorado County, California, U.S.A.
Found 1869-70: described by Silliman in 1873.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1873, ser. 3, vol. 6, p. 18.
84
151
1o
Ivanpah,San Bernardino County, California, U.S.A.
Described by Shepard in 1880, shortly after its discovery.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1880, ser. 3, vol. 19, p. 381
33
152
1o
Surprise Springs,Bagdad, San Bernardino County, S. California, U.S.A.
Found in 1899: described by Cohen in 1901.
Mittheil. naturw. Verein für Neu-Vorpommern und Rügen, 1902, Jahrg. 33, p. 29.
97
153
Sep.Stand,1n
Cañon Diablo,Arizona, U.S.A.
Found in 1891: described by Foote in the same year.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1891, ser. 3, vol. 42, p. 413.
83,369
154
1n
Weaver's Mountains,Wickenburg, Arizona, U.S.A.
Found in 1898.
155
155
1o
Tucson,Arizona, U.S.A.
Two large masses, long preserved at Tucson, had been transported to that town from the Puerto de los Muchachos, a pass about 20 or 30 miles south of Tucson. Their existence has been known for centuries. One of them has been termed the Signet or Irwin-Ainsa iron, the other the Carleton iron.
Mineralog. Magazine, 1890, vol. 9, p. 16.
161
282
156
1o
Costilla Peak,Cimarron Range, New Mexico, U.S.A.
Found in 1881 by a sheep-herder: described by Hills in 1895.
Proc. Colorado Scient. Soc. 1895, vol. 5, p. 121.
1,595
157
1o
Capitan Range,New Mexico, U.S.A.
Found in 1893 by a sheep-herder: described by Howell in 1895.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1895, ser. 3, vol. 50, p. 253.
956
158a
1o
Glorieta Mountain,1 m. N.E. of Canoncito, Santa Fé County, New Mexico, U.S.A.
Found in 1884: described by Kunz in 1885.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1885, ser. 3, vol. 30, p. 235.
1,528
158b
1o
A specimen probably from this locality was sent in 1884 to Denver from Albuquerque, New Mexico, as silver bullion: described by Pearce and Eakins in 1884-5.
Proc. Colorado Scient. Soc. 1884, vol. 1, p. 110; 1885, vol. 2, pp. 14, 35.
61
159
1o
Sacramento Mountains,Eddy County, New Mexico, U.S.A.
Known in 1896: described by Foote in 1896 (1897).
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1897, ser. 4, vol. 3, p. 65.
14,050
160
1o
Luis Lopez,Socorro County, New Mexico, U.S.A.
Found in 1896: described by Preston in 1900.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1900, ser. 4, vol. 9, p. 283.
425
161
1o
Oscuro Mountain,Socorro County, New Mexico, U.S.A.
Found in 1895: described by Hills in 1897.
Proc. Colorado Scient. Soc. 1897, vol. 6, p. 30.
494
162
1o
Brazos River,Wichita County, Texas, U.S.A.
Known to the Comanches for many years: removed in 1836: described by Shumard in 1860, and by Mallet in 1884.
Trans. of St. Louis Acad. of Sc. 1857-60, vol. 1, p. 622.Amer. Jour. Sc. 1884, ser. 3, vol. 28, p. 285.
1,397
163
1o
Denton County,Texas, U.S.A.
After discovery it remained with a blacksmith for several months; in 1859 it came into the possession of Shumard, by whom it was described in the following year.
Trans. of St. Louis Acad. of Sc. 1857-60, vol. 1, p. 623.
122
164
1o
Red River(Cross Timbers), Johnson County, Texas, U.S.A.
Mentioned in 1808 to Captain Glass, and reported by Gibbs in 1814.
Amer. Min. Jour. by Bruce: 1814, vol. 1, pp. 124, 218.Amer. Jour. Sc. 1824, ser. 1, vol. 8, p. 218.
507
165
1n
Carlton,Hamilton County, Texas, U.S.A.
Ploughed up in 1887-8: described by Howell in 1890.
Proc. Rochester Ac. of Sc., 1890, vol. 1, p. 87.Amer. Jour. Sc. 1890, ser. 3, vol. 40, p. 223.
6,180
166
1o
Kendall County,San Antonio, Texas, U.S.A.
Mentioned in 1887 by Brezina, and fully described later by Brezina and Cohen.
Ann. d. k. k. Naturhist. Hofmuseums, 1887, band II., Notizen, p. 115;Cohen, Meteoritenkunde, 1905, Heft III., p. 241.
556
167
1o
Mart,McLennan County, Texas, U.S.A.
Found in 1898: described by Merrill and Stokes in 1899 (1900).
Proc. Washington Acad. Sci. 1900, vol. 2, p. 51.
430
168
1o
San Angelo,Tom Green County, Texas, U.S.A.
Found in 1897: described by Preston in 1898.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1898, ser. 4, vol. 5, p. 269.
771
169
1o
Fort Duncan,Maverick County, Texas, U.S.A.
Found in 1882: described by Hidden in 1886: similar to Coahuila; perhaps transported from the same district by way of Santa Rosa.
Mineralog. Magazine, 1890, vol. 9, p. 116.
4,520
170a
2c
Coahuila,Mexico.
Since 1837 many masses have been brought to Santa Rosa, from a district of small area about 90 miles north-west of that town. An account of a visit by Hamilton was published by Shepard in 1866; he designated the iron by the name Bonanza: eight large masses were removed to the United States by Butcher in 1868.
Mineralog. Magazine, 1890, vol. 9, p. 107.
246,924
170b
2c
Sanchez Estate,Coahuila, Mexico.
Found in 1853 by Couch in use as an anvil at Saltillo. It was said to have been brought to that town from the "Sancha Estate," but had probably been acquired still earlier at Santa Rosa, and been got at the north-west locality.
Mineralog. Magazine, 1890, vol. 9, p. 113.
572
171
2c
Sierra Blanca,Huejuquilla or Jimenez, Chihuahua, Mexico.
The occurrence at Sierra Blanca was recorded in 1784: the only specimen known—that from the Bergemann collection—is now thought to be of doubtful authenticity; in its etched figures it is like Toluca.
Mineralog. Magazine, 1890, vol. 9, p. 149.
15
172
2c
Concepcion: (Huejuquilla or Jimenez, Chihuahua, Mexico).
Masses of iron, some of them probably belonging to one fall, have been known for centuries to exist near Huejuquilla: the mass is said to have been transported to Concepcion from Sierra de las Adargas in 1780.
Mineralog. Magazine, 1890, vol. 9, p. 140.
47
173
2c
Chupaderos,Chihuahua, Mexico.
Mentioned to Bartlett in 1852.
Mineralog. Magazine, 1890, vol. 9, p. 148.
1,087
174
2c
Casas Grandes(de Malintzin), Chihuahua, Mexico.
Reported by Tarayre in 1867.
Mineralog. Magazine, 1890, vol. 9, p. 119.
989
175
2c
Moctezuma,Sonora, Mexico.
170
176
2c
Arispe,Sonora, Mexico.
Found in 1898: described by Ward in 1902 and Wuensch in 1903.
Proc. Rochester Ac. Sci. 1902, vol. 4, p. 79.Proc. Colorado Sci. Soc. 1903, vol. 7, p. 67.
1,910
177
2c
El Ranchito,Bacubirito, Sinaloa, Mexico.
Found in 1871: described by Castillo in 1889.
Mineralog. Magazine, 1890, vol. 9, p. 151.
1,085
178
1a
Rancho de la Pila,Labor de Guadalupe, Durango, Mexico.
Ploughed up in 1882: described by Häpke in 1883.
Mineralog. Magazine, 1890, vol. 9, p. 153.
44,220
179
2c
Cacaria,Durango, Mexico.
Reported by Castillo in 1889: described by Cohen in 1900.
Mineralog. Magazine, 1890, vol. 9, p. 154.Ann. d. k. k. Naturh. Hofmus. Wien, 1900, vol. 15, p. 359.
310
180
2b
San Francisco del Mezquital,Durango, Mexico.
Brought from Mexico by General Castelnau, and described in 1868 by Daubrée. The above is the old name for the capital of Mezquital.
Mineralog. Magazine, 1890, vol. 9, p. 154.
7,095
181
2c
Bella Roca,Sierra de San Francisco, Santiago Papasquiaro, Durango, Mexico.
Acquired by Ward in 1888: described by Whitfield in 1889.
Amer. Jour. Sci. 1889, ser. 3, vol. 37, p. 439.
3,537
182
2c
Rodeo,Durango, Mexico.
Found about 1852: described by Farrington in 1905.
Field Columbian Museum. Publication 101. Geol. series 1905, vol. 3, No. 1.
409
183
2c,2p
Descubridora,Catorce, San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
Found before 1780, and described by a committee in 1872.
Mineralog. Magazine, 1890, vol. 9, p. 157.
4,474
184
4l
Charcas,San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
Mentioned in 1804 by Sonneschmid; it was then at the corner of the church, and was said to have been brought from San José del Sitio, 12 leagues distant. In 1866 it was removed to Paris.
Mineralog. Magazine, 1890, vol. 9, p. 160.
333
185
2c,4l
Zacatecas,Mexico.
Mentioned in 1792; it was said to have been found long before near the Quebradilla Mine.
Mineralog. Magazine, 1890, vol. 9, p. 162.
3,848
186
1a2c4l
Toluca,Mexico.
Before 1776 it was known that masses of iron occurred in the neighbourhood of Xiquipilco, Valley of Toluca.
Mineralog. Magazine, 1890, vol. 9, p. 164.
120,089
187
2c
Cuernavaca,Morelos, Mexico.
Mentioned by Castillo in 1889.
Mineralog. Magazine, 1890, vol. 9, p. 168.
1,024
188
2c
Yanhuitlan,Misteca alta, Oaxaca, Mexico.
Mentioned by Del Rio in 1804.
Mineralog. Magazine, 1890, vol. 9, p. 171.
316
189
2c
Apoala,Oaxaca, Mexico.
Found in 1889: mentioned by Cohen in 1900.
Cohen, Meteoritenkunde, 1905, Heft III., p. 384.
283
190
2d
Rosario,Honduras, Central America.
Found in 1897.
126
191
Lucky Hill,St. Elizabeth, Jamaica.
Found in 1885 about 2 feet elow the surface.
Rusted.
192
2d
Santa Rosa(Tocavita), near Tunja, Boyaca River, Colombia, S. America.
(a) In 1824 Rivero and Boussingault made known a large mass of iron in use as an anvil at Santa Rosa.
Ann. Chim. Phys. 1824, vol. 25, p. 438.
996
In 1874 the mass was placed on a pillar in the market-place of Santa Rosa (de Viterbo); in 1906 the town was visited by Ward, who then obtained a large piece of the mass.
(b) With other small pieces it had been found on a neighbouring hill, called Tocavita, in 1810: Rivero and Boussingault collected several specimens themselves.
The large mass and the other small pieces have different characters.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1907, ser. 4, vol. 23, p. 1.
105
193
2d
Rasgata,Colombia, S. America.
Other masses of iron were seen by Rivero and Boussingault at Rasgata, and were said to have been found there.
Ann. Chim. Phys. 1824, vol. 25, p. 442.
58
194
2b
El Inca mass,from Pampa de Tamarugal, Iquique, Chili.
Found in 1903: of "octahedral" structure, described by Rinne and Boeke in 1907.
Neues Jahrb. f. Min. Festband, 1907, p. 227.
6,235
A fragment, having "cubic" structure, from a large mass lying at a place similarly defined had been described by Rose in 1873.
Festsch. zur Feier d. hundertjähr. Bestehens d. Gesellsch. Naturf. Freunde zu Berlin, 1873, p. 33.
195
2d
Tarapaca,Chili, S. America.
Known since 1894.
14
196
2d
La Primitiva,Desert of Tarapaca, Chili, S. America.
Known in 1888: mentioned by Howell in 1890.
Proc. Rochester Ac. Sci. 1890, vol. 1, p. 100.
78
197
2a
Mount Hicks,Mantos Blancos, about 40 miles from Antofagasta, Atacama, Chili.
Found about 1876, and described by L. F. in 1889.
Mineralog. Magazine, 1889, vol. 8, p. 257.
9,015
198
2d
Serrania de Varas,Atacama, Chili.
Found about 1875, and described by L. F. in 1889.
Mineralog. Magazine, 1889, vol. 8, p. 258.
1468
199
2d
San Cristobal,Antofagasta, Atacama, Chili.
Known since 1896: described by Cohen in 1898.
Sitzungsb. d. k. preuss. Ak. d. Wissens. zu Berlin, 1898, I. p. 607.
145
200
2d
Cachiyuyal,Atacama, Chili.
Found in 1874: described by Domeyko in 1875.
Mineralog. Magazine, 1889, vol. 8, p. 259.
28
201
2d
Ilimaë,Atacama, Chili.
Known since 1870: described by Tschermak in 1872.
Mineralog. Magazine, 1889, vol. 8, p. 260.
39
202
2d
Merceditas,10 or 12 leagues east of Chañaral, Atacama, Chili.
Known since 1884: described by Howell in 1890.
Proc. Rochester Ac. of Sc. 1890, vol. 1, p. 99.
1,917
203
2d
Pan de Azucar,Atacama, Chili.
Found about 67 miles from the port of Pan de Azucar in 1887.
19,280
204
2d
Juncal,Atacama, Chili.
Found in 1866 between Rio Juncal and the Salinas de Pedernal: had possibly been transported to that place: described by Daubrée in 1868.
Mineralog. Magazine, 1889, vol. 8, p. 261.
72
205
2d
Puquios,Copiapo, Atacama, Chili.
Found about 1885: described by Howell in 1890.
Proc. Rochester Ac. of Sc. 1890, vol. 1, p. 89.
176
206
2d
The Joel Iron,Atacama, Chili.
Found in 1858 in an unspecified part of the desert: described by L. F. in 1889.
Mineralog. Magazine, 1889, vol. 8, p. 263.
1,144
207
2d
Sierra de la Ternera,Atacama, Chili.
Described by Kunz and Weinschenk in 1891.
Tschermak's Min. u. Petrog. Mitth. 1891, vol. 12, p. 184.
5
208
2d
Barranca Blanca,between Copiapo and Catamarca, South America.
Found in 1855, and described by L. F. in 1889.
Mineralog. Magazine, 1889, vol. 8, p. 262.
11,910
209
2d
Chili.
Owing to an interchange of labels, the specimen was described in 1868 by Daubrée as having been found in an unspecified locality in Chili. According to Domeyko it was supposed to have been found in the Cordillera de la Dehesa, near Santiago.
Mineralog. Magazine, 1889, vol. 8, p. 256.
2
210
2d
Angelas(Oficina), Chili.
5,545
211
Sep.Stand,4c
Otumpa,Gran Chaco Gualamba, Argentine Republic.
The occurrence of metallic iron at this locality having been reported, Don Rubin de Celis was sent in 1783 to investigate the matter: his report was published in 1788.
Phil. Trans. 1788, vol. 78, pp. 37, 183.Mineralog. Magazine, 1889, vol. 8, p. 229.
634,000
212
2d
Bendegó River,Bahia, Brazil.
Found in 1784: described by Mornay in 1816.
Phil. Trans. 1816, vol. 106, p. 270.
3,119
213
2d
Santa Catharina(Morro do Rocio), Rio San Francisco do Sul, Brazil.
Discovered in 1875: described by Lunay in 1877: it is regarded by some mineralogists as probably of terrestrial origin.
Comptes Rendus, 1877, vol. 85, p. 84.
6,455
214
2d
Caperr,Rio Senguerr, Patagonia.
Known before 1869: described by L. F. in 1899.
Mineralog. Magazine, 1900, vol. 12, p. 167.
313
215
2d
Locality unknown(from Prof. Wöhler's Collection).
Described by Wöhler in 1852.
Ann. Chem. Pharm. 1852, vol. 81, p. 253.
30
216
2d
Locality unknown(from Smithsonian Museum Collection).
Described by Shepard in 1881.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1881, ser. 3, vol. 22, p. 119.
5
217
2d
Locality unknown(from United States National Museum Collection).
Slice of a complete meteorite which was found in a collection of minerals formed by the late Col. J. J. Abert: described by Riggs in 1887.
Amer. Jour. Sc. 1887, ser. 3, vol. 34, p. 59.
47