INDEXAbbreviation in dating, use,222,252Addition, method,149Adultery, punishment,9-10Aguilar, S. de, on Maya records,36Ahholpop(official), duties,13Ahkulel(deputy-chief), powers,13Ahpuch(god), nature,17Alphabet, nonexistence,27Amusements, nature,10Arabic system of numbers, Maya parallel,87,96Architecture, development,5Arithmetic, system,87-155Ascending series, texts recording276-278Astronomical computations—accuracy,32in codices,31-32,276-278Aztec—calendar,58-59ikomomatic hieroglyphics,29rulership succession,16Backward sign—glyph,137use,137,268Bakhalal(city), founding,4Bar, numerical value,87-88Bar and dot numerals—antiquity,102-103examples, plates showing,157,167,170,176,178,179form and nature,87-95Batab(chief), powers,13Bibliography,xv-xviBowditch, C. P.—cited,2,45,65,117,134,203on dating system,82-83,214-215,272on hieroglyphics,30,33,71on Supplementary Series,152works,vii-viiiBrinton,Dr.D. G.—error by,82on hieroglyphics,3,23,27-28,30,33on numerical system,91Calendar—harmonization,44,215starting point,41-43,60-62,113-114subdivisions,37-86See alsoCalendar Round;Chronology;Dating;Long Count.Calendar Round—explanation,51-59glyph,59Calendar-round dating—examples,240-245limitations,76Chakanputan(city), founding and destruction4Chichen Itza(city)—history,3,4,5,202-203Temple of the Initial Series, lintel, interpretation,199Chilan Balam—books of,3chronology based on,2Chronology—basis,58correlation,2duration,222starting point,60-62,113-114,124-125,147-148See alsoCalendar.Cities, southern—occupancy of, diagram showing,15rise and fall of,2-5Civilization, rise and fall,1-7Closing signof Supplementary Series, glyph,152-153,170Closing signs.SeeEnding Signs.Clothing, character,7-8Cocom family, tyranny,5-6,12Codex Peresianus, tonalamatls named in,265Codex Tro-cortesianus, texts,262-265Codices—astronomical character,31-32,276-278character in general,31,252colored glyphs used in,91,251dates of,203day signs in,39errors,270-271,274examples from, interpretation,251-278glyphs for twenty (20) used in,92,130historical nature,32-33,35-36Initial-series dating in,266examples,266-273interpretation,31-33,254-278numeration glyphs used in,103-104,129-134order of reading,22,133,135,137,252-253tonalamatls in,251-266zero glyph used in,94Coefficients, numerical.SeeNumerical coefficients.Cogolludo, C. L., on dating system,34,84Colored glyphs, use of, in codices,91,251Commerce, customs,9Computation, possibility of errors in,154-155Confederation, formation and disruption,4-5Copan(city)—Altar Q, error on246,248Altar S, interpretation231-233Altar Z, interpretation242history15Stela A, interpretation169-170Stela B, interpretation167-169Stela D, interpretation188-191Stela J, interpretation191-192Stela M, interpretation175-176Stela N, error on248-249interpretation114-118,248-249Stela P, interpretation185Stela 2, interpretation223Stela 4, interpretation224-225Stela 6, interpretation170-171Stela 8, interpretation229Stela 9, antiquity173interpretation171-173Stela 15, interpretation187-188Cresson, H. T., cited27Customs.SeeManners and customs.Cycle—glyphs68length62,135number of, in great cycle107-114numbering of, in inscriptions108,227-233Cycle8, dates194-198,228-229Cycle9—dates172,183,185,187,194,222prevalence in Maya dating194Cycle10, dates199-203,229-233Cycle, Great—length135,162number of cycles in107-114Cycles, Great, Great, and Higher—discussion114-129glyphs118omitted in dating126Dates—abbreviation222,252errors in computing154-155errors in originals245-250,270-271,274interpretation, in Initial Series157-222,233-245in Period Endings222-245in Secondary Series207-222,233-245monuments erected to mark33-35,249-250of same name, distinction between147-151repetition147shown by red glyphs in codices251Dates, Initial.SeeInitial-series dating.Dates, Initial and Secondary, interpretation207-222Dates, Initial, Secondary, and Period-ending, interpretation233-245Dates, Period-ending.SeePeriod-ending dates.Dates, Prophetic—examples229-233use271-272Dates, Secondary.SeeSecondary-series Dating.Dates, Terminal—absence218finding138-154importance154-155position151-154Dating—methods46-47,63-86change4See alsoCalendar-round dating; Initial-series; Period-ending; Secondary-series.starting point60-62,113-114,124-125determination135-136Day—first of year52-53glyphs38,39,72,76coefficients41-43,47-48position127-128omission127-128,208identification41-43,46-48names37-41,112numbers111-112position in solar year52-58round of42-44Days, Intercalary, lack of45Days, unlucky, dates45-46Death, fear of11,17Death God—glyph17,257nature17Decimal system, parallel129See alsoVigesimal system.Destruction of the World, description32Divination, codices used for31Divorce, practice9Dot, numerical value87-88Dot and bar numbers.SeeBar and dot numbers.Dresden codex—date271-273publicationiiitexts254-262,266-278plates showing32,254,260,266,273Drunkenness, prevalence10Ek Ahau(god), nature17-18Ending signs—in Period-ending dates102in "zero"101-102Enumeration—systems87-134comparison133See alsoNumerals.Errors in texts—examples245-250,270-271,274plate showing248
INDEX
INDEX
Abbreviation in dating, use,222,252Addition, method,149Adultery, punishment,9-10Aguilar, S. de, on Maya records,36Ahholpop(official), duties,13Ahkulel(deputy-chief), powers,13Ahpuch(god), nature,17Alphabet, nonexistence,27Amusements, nature,10Arabic system of numbers, Maya parallel,87,96Architecture, development,5Arithmetic, system,87-155Ascending series, texts recording276-278Astronomical computations—accuracy,32in codices,31-32,276-278Aztec—calendar,58-59ikomomatic hieroglyphics,29rulership succession,16
Abbreviation in dating, use,222,252
Addition, method,149
Adultery, punishment,9-10
Aguilar, S. de, on Maya records,36
Ahholpop(official), duties,13
Ahkulel(deputy-chief), powers,13
Ahpuch(god), nature,17
Alphabet, nonexistence,27
Amusements, nature,10
Arabic system of numbers, Maya parallel,87,96
Architecture, development,5
Arithmetic, system,87-155
Ascending series, texts recording276-278
Astronomical computations—
accuracy,32
in codices,31-32,276-278
Aztec—
calendar,58-59
ikomomatic hieroglyphics,29
rulership succession,16
Backward sign—glyph,137use,137,268Bakhalal(city), founding,4Bar, numerical value,87-88Bar and dot numerals—antiquity,102-103examples, plates showing,157,167,170,176,178,179form and nature,87-95Batab(chief), powers,13Bibliography,xv-xviBowditch, C. P.—cited,2,45,65,117,134,203on dating system,82-83,214-215,272on hieroglyphics,30,33,71on Supplementary Series,152works,vii-viiiBrinton,Dr.D. G.—error by,82on hieroglyphics,3,23,27-28,30,33on numerical system,91
Backward sign—
glyph,137
use,137,268
Bakhalal(city), founding,4
Bar, numerical value,87-88
Bar and dot numerals—
antiquity,102-103
examples, plates showing,157,167,170,176,178,179
form and nature,87-95
Batab(chief), powers,13
Bibliography,xv-xvi
Bowditch, C. P.—
cited,2,45,65,117,134,203
on dating system,82-83,214-215,272
on hieroglyphics,30,33,71
on Supplementary Series,152
works,vii-viii
Brinton,Dr.D. G.—
error by,82
on hieroglyphics,3,23,27-28,30,33
on numerical system,91
Calendar—harmonization,44,215starting point,41-43,60-62,113-114subdivisions,37-86See alsoCalendar Round;Chronology;Dating;Long Count.Calendar Round—explanation,51-59glyph,59Calendar-round dating—examples,240-245limitations,76Chakanputan(city), founding and destruction4Chichen Itza(city)—history,3,4,5,202-203Temple of the Initial Series, lintel, interpretation,199Chilan Balam—books of,3chronology based on,2Chronology—basis,58correlation,2duration,222starting point,60-62,113-114,124-125,147-148See alsoCalendar.Cities, southern—occupancy of, diagram showing,15rise and fall of,2-5Civilization, rise and fall,1-7Closing signof Supplementary Series, glyph,152-153,170Closing signs.SeeEnding Signs.Clothing, character,7-8Cocom family, tyranny,5-6,12Codex Peresianus, tonalamatls named in,265Codex Tro-cortesianus, texts,262-265Codices—astronomical character,31-32,276-278character in general,31,252colored glyphs used in,91,251dates of,203day signs in,39errors,270-271,274examples from, interpretation,251-278glyphs for twenty (20) used in,92,130historical nature,32-33,35-36Initial-series dating in,266examples,266-273interpretation,31-33,254-278numeration glyphs used in,103-104,129-134order of reading,22,133,135,137,252-253tonalamatls in,251-266zero glyph used in,94Coefficients, numerical.SeeNumerical coefficients.Cogolludo, C. L., on dating system,34,84Colored glyphs, use of, in codices,91,251Commerce, customs,9Computation, possibility of errors in,154-155Confederation, formation and disruption,4-5Copan(city)—Altar Q, error on246,248Altar S, interpretation231-233Altar Z, interpretation242history15Stela A, interpretation169-170Stela B, interpretation167-169Stela D, interpretation188-191Stela J, interpretation191-192Stela M, interpretation175-176Stela N, error on248-249interpretation114-118,248-249Stela P, interpretation185Stela 2, interpretation223Stela 4, interpretation224-225Stela 6, interpretation170-171Stela 8, interpretation229Stela 9, antiquity173interpretation171-173Stela 15, interpretation187-188Cresson, H. T., cited27Customs.SeeManners and customs.Cycle—glyphs68length62,135number of, in great cycle107-114numbering of, in inscriptions108,227-233Cycle8, dates194-198,228-229Cycle9—dates172,183,185,187,194,222prevalence in Maya dating194Cycle10, dates199-203,229-233Cycle, Great—length135,162number of cycles in107-114Cycles, Great, Great, and Higher—discussion114-129glyphs118omitted in dating126
Calendar—
harmonization,44,215
starting point,41-43,60-62,113-114
subdivisions,37-86
See alsoCalendar Round;Chronology;Dating;Long Count.
Calendar Round—
explanation,51-59
glyph,59
Calendar-round dating—
examples,240-245
limitations,76
Chakanputan(city), founding and destruction4
Chichen Itza(city)—
history,3,4,5,202-203
Temple of the Initial Series, lintel, interpretation,199
Chilan Balam—
books of,3
chronology based on,2
Chronology—
basis,58
correlation,2
duration,222
starting point,60-62,113-114,124-125,147-148
See alsoCalendar.
Cities, southern—
occupancy of, diagram showing,15
rise and fall of,2-5
Civilization, rise and fall,1-7
Closing signof Supplementary Series, glyph,152-153,170
Closing signs.SeeEnding Signs.
Clothing, character,7-8
Cocom family, tyranny,5-6,12
Codex Peresianus, tonalamatls named in,265
Codex Tro-cortesianus, texts,262-265
Codices—
astronomical character,31-32,276-278
character in general,31,252
colored glyphs used in,91,251
dates of,203
day signs in,39
errors,270-271,274
examples from, interpretation,251-278
glyphs for twenty (20) used in,92,130
historical nature,32-33,35-36
Initial-series dating in,266
examples,266-273
interpretation,31-33,254-278
numeration glyphs used in,103-104,129-134
order of reading,22,133,135,137,252-253
tonalamatls in,251-266
zero glyph used in,94
Coefficients, numerical.SeeNumerical coefficients.
Cogolludo, C. L., on dating system,34,84
Colored glyphs, use of, in codices,91,251
Commerce, customs,9
Computation, possibility of errors in,154-155
Confederation, formation and disruption,4-5
Copan(city)—
Altar Q, error on246,248
Altar S, interpretation231-233
Altar Z, interpretation242
history15
Stela A, interpretation169-170
Stela B, interpretation167-169
Stela D, interpretation188-191
Stela J, interpretation191-192
Stela M, interpretation175-176
Stela N, error on248-249
interpretation114-118,248-249
Stela P, interpretation185
Stela 2, interpretation223
Stela 4, interpretation224-225
Stela 6, interpretation170-171
Stela 8, interpretation229
Stela 9, antiquity173
interpretation171-173
Stela 15, interpretation187-188
Cresson, H. T., cited27
Customs.SeeManners and customs.
Cycle—
glyphs68
length62,135
number of, in great cycle107-114
numbering of, in inscriptions108,227-233
Cycle8, dates194-198,228-229
Cycle9—
dates172,183,185,187,194,222
prevalence in Maya dating194
Cycle10, dates199-203,229-233
Cycle, Great—
length135,162
number of cycles in107-114
Cycles, Great, Great, and Higher—
discussion114-129
glyphs118
omitted in dating126
Dates—abbreviation222,252errors in computing154-155errors in originals245-250,270-271,274interpretation, in Initial Series157-222,233-245in Period Endings222-245in Secondary Series207-222,233-245monuments erected to mark33-35,249-250of same name, distinction between147-151repetition147shown by red glyphs in codices251Dates, Initial.SeeInitial-series dating.Dates, Initial and Secondary, interpretation207-222Dates, Initial, Secondary, and Period-ending, interpretation233-245Dates, Period-ending.SeePeriod-ending dates.Dates, Prophetic—examples229-233use271-272Dates, Secondary.SeeSecondary-series Dating.Dates, Terminal—absence218finding138-154importance154-155position151-154Dating—methods46-47,63-86change4See alsoCalendar-round dating; Initial-series; Period-ending; Secondary-series.starting point60-62,113-114,124-125determination135-136Day—first of year52-53glyphs38,39,72,76coefficients41-43,47-48position127-128omission127-128,208identification41-43,46-48names37-41,112numbers111-112position in solar year52-58round of42-44Days, Intercalary, lack of45Days, unlucky, dates45-46Death, fear of11,17Death God—glyph17,257nature17Decimal system, parallel129See alsoVigesimal system.Destruction of the World, description32Divination, codices used for31Divorce, practice9Dot, numerical value87-88Dot and bar numbers.SeeBar and dot numbers.Dresden codex—date271-273publicationiiitexts254-262,266-278plates showing32,254,260,266,273Drunkenness, prevalence10
Dates—
abbreviation222,252
errors in computing154-155
errors in originals245-250,270-271,274
interpretation, in Initial Series157-222,233-245
in Period Endings222-245
in Secondary Series207-222,233-245
monuments erected to mark33-35,249-250
of same name, distinction between147-151
repetition147
shown by red glyphs in codices251
Dates, Initial.SeeInitial-series dating.
Dates, Initial and Secondary, interpretation207-222
Dates, Initial, Secondary, and Period-ending, interpretation233-245
Dates, Period-ending.SeePeriod-ending dates.
Dates, Prophetic—
examples229-233
use271-272
Dates, Secondary.SeeSecondary-series Dating.
Dates, Terminal—
absence218
finding138-154
importance154-155
position151-154
Dating—
methods46-47,63-86
change4
See alsoCalendar-round dating; Initial-series; Period-ending; Secondary-series.
starting point60-62,113-114,124-125
determination135-136
Day—
first of year52-53
glyphs38,39,72,76
coefficients41-43,47-48
position127-128
omission127-128,208
identification41-43,46-48
names37-41,112
numbers111-112
position in solar year52-58
round of42-44
Days, Intercalary, lack of45
Days, unlucky, dates45-46
Death, fear of11,17
Death God—
glyph17,257
nature17
Decimal system, parallel129
See alsoVigesimal system.
Destruction of the World, description32
Divination, codices used for31
Divorce, practice9
Dot, numerical value87-88
Dot and bar numbers.SeeBar and dot numbers.
Dresden codex—
date271-273
publicationiii
texts254-262,266-278
plates showing32,254,260,266,273
Drunkenness, prevalence10
Ek Ahau(god), nature17-18Ending signs—in Period-ending dates102in "zero"101-102Enumeration—systems87-134comparison133See alsoNumerals.Errors in texts—examples245-250,270-271,274plate showing248
Ek Ahau(god), nature17-18
Ending signs—
in Period-ending dates102
in "zero"101-102
Enumeration—
systems87-134
comparison133
See alsoNumerals.
Errors in texts—
examples245-250,270-271,274
plate showing248