The Power of the Word-endings.

Metathesis is where a wordShifts pennings, as incrudforcurd.

Meteor.Welkin-fire.

Metonymy.Gr.meta, off;onoma, a name. Anoffnaming,name-shifting, a wording that puts for a thing-name the name of some belonging—whether cause or effect or aught else—of the thing; as, ‘He readsHorace’ for ‘his works.’ ‘He lives bythe sweat of his brow’ for ‘work.’ ‘Land holden by theCrown’ (Queen). ‘The power of thepen’ for ‘writers.’

Miosis.Gr.meiōsis, a forlessening. A wording by which a thing is lessened off; as, ‘Will you give me acrumbof bread and adropof drink?’

Miōsis, a lessening,Makes of a great a smaller thing.

Monitor.A warner. Ware-en-er, who makes ware.

Monosyllable.A breath-sound.

Multiloquous.Wordy, talksome.

Negative(word). L.nego, to deny. Fornaysome.

Nomenclature.Benaming, name-shapening.

Nominative.L.nomen, a, name. The name-case, speech-case.

Noun.L.nomen, a name; Fr.nom. A thing-name, thing-word, name-word.

Objective.Objective case. A name commonly given to the time-giving thing when it is not the speech-case.

Onomatopœia.A mocking name. The making of words from sounds; as, tohiss, apeewitorcuckoofrom the sound it makes.

Optative(mood). The wish mood; as, ‘Oh! that I had wings.’ ‘May you be happy.’

Out-(a fore-eking).Outban, exile;outfaring, peregrination, exodus;outhue,outliken, depict or draw.

Over-(a fore-eking).Overbold, audacious;overhang, impend;overweigh, preponderate.

-p,-b,-f(endings). They mean small in kind or short in time:—Poke,pop, poke quickly;dip, a small dive;slip, a small slide;rip, to rive quickly.

Palindrome.Gr.palin, back;dromos, a running. A set of words which read the same backwards as forwards; as, ‘Lewd did I live, evil I did dwel,’ or ‘Roma tibi subito motibus ibit amor.’

A palindrome’s the same as readFrom head to tail, or tail to head.

Palpitate.Throb.

Panacea.Allheal.

Paradigm.Gr.paradeigma, an offshowing, outshowing, a plan. A table of word-shapes.

Paragogē.An outbringing or outlengthening of a word.

A paragogē will be foundWhere words are lengthened by a sound.

‘Such a sweet pett as thisIs neither far norneary.Here we go up, up, up;Here we go down, down,downy.Here we go backwards and forwards,And here we go round, round,roundy.’Old Song.

‘Such a sweet pett as thisIs neither far norneary.Here we go up, up, up;Here we go down, down,downy.Here we go backwards and forwards,And here we go round, round,roundy.’

Old Song.

‘In playhouses, fullsix-o,One knows not where tofix-o.’Old Song.

‘In playhouses, fullsix-o,One knows not where tofix-o.’

Old Song.

Paragraph.An offwriting, a wording-share; such a share of a piece of writing as, if it were offwritten, would not want anything of a full meaning.

Paraphrase.New bewording; a turning of a piece of writing into other words, often more if not clearer than those of the writer. A paraphrase, while it is meant to clearen, may falsen the paraphrased matter. The following paraphrase from an old written sermon of (as I believe) an old Dorset divine, may be a good sample of new bewording:—

‘God, I thank Thee, that I am not as other men are, extortioners, unjust, adulterers, or even as this Publican: I fast twice in the week, I give tithes of all that I possess.’

Expanded or paraphrased:—

‘With great gratitude, O God (said the Pharisee), I contemplate my own superior attainments. How free is my mind from a variety of black offences which invade the consciences of others! Extortion, injustice, and adultery are crimes (said he, striking his breast) which have no harbour here. Who can lay to my charge the neglect of any religious duty? Are not my tithes paid with cheerfulness, and my fasts observed with sanctity?’

‘And the Publican, standing afar off, would not lift up so much as his eyes unto heaven, but smote upon his breast, saying, God be merciful to me a sinner.’

‘The Publican, on the other hand, with every mark of the deepest contrition, stood abashed in a corner ofthe temple. Conscious of his own demerits, he was afraid to raise his eyes to that Being who sees the least degree of impurity with offence. After many ineffectual struggles to form the sighing of a contrite heart into the language of prayer, his efforts ended in this one exclamation, God be merciful to me a sinner.’

Parenthesis.An inwedging of a sentence within another:—‘Thou sayest—but they are but vain words—I have strength for the war.’

Parody.A song-mocking.

Paronomasia.A kind of play on words of more or less like sound, though of sundry meaning; as, ‘Thoughlastnotleast.’ ‘Non amissi sed præmissi’ (said of friends deceased), ‘Not forgone but foregone.’

Paronomasia is foundIn pairs of words of some like sound.

Participle.A thing-marking shape of the time-word.

Particle.A wordling, a small shapefast word.

Patronymic.Gr.pater, father, andonoma, name. A surname or sirename of a man taken from the forename of his father; as, John Richardson, Dafydd Ap-hoel, Patrick Mac-Duff, Jeroboam Ben-Nebat.

Pedigree.Kin-stem, forekin-stem.

Penultimate.Last but one.

Perambulator(the child’s carriage). Push-wainling.

Perfect.Fordone, forended, full-ended.

Period, in rhetoric (redecraft) and speechcraft, is socalled, as a speech-ring or speech-round, a full round of thought-wording, in which the speech-meaning is kept uphanging and more or less unclear, till the last word or word-cluster by which it is clearly fulfilled; as, ‘(1) That among the sundry changes of the world (2), (3) our hearts may surely there be fixed (4): (5) where true joys are to be found (6).’ The whole thought-wording is a period or speech-round. From (1) to (4) is a limb (called in Greek akōlon) and has a meaning, though not a full one beyond which the mind awaits nothing more. The word-cluster from (1) to (2) yields no full meaning, and is called in Greek akomma(kopma), a cutting or shareling. Thence we see the source of the names and uses of the stops—theperiod(.),colon(:),comma(,). Theperiodmarked the end of the period; thecolonthat of the kolon; and thecommathat of a comma, or cutting of a colon.

The word seems to be often misused. Aperiod(Gr.periodos) of time or wording is rightly a running of it round again to its like beginning; as, a week—from Sunday round to Sunday; or a year—from January to January.

A straight stretch of time or words is not truly a period; as, a man’s life from birth to manhood is not a ring-gate, beginning anew at childhood.

Periphrasis.Gr.peri, round;phrasis, a speaking. A roundabout speaking of a thing instead of an outright naming of it, aname-hinting; as, ‘The gentleman at the head of Her Majesty’s Government’ for Lord B.

Personal(time-word); not an impersonal one; as, ‘Itrains.’ ‘It snows;’ but one with a named time-taker, as ‘John rides.’

Perverse.Wayward, froward.

Pervious.Throughletting.

Petrify.To stonen, forstonen.

Philology.Speechlore.

Phonetic.Soundly.

Phonography,phonotypy. Sound-spelling. Surely a photograph should be a phototype.Graphōis to graze or grave along a body, but a photograph is given by a plumb downstriking of rays of light—atypēand not agraphē. Withgraphēandtypēwe may set aglyphē(fromglyphō), an outsmoothing of a shape, as that of a figure from a block of stone.Glyphōis a fellow stem-word toglykys, smooth, soft, or sweet.

Phrase.Gr.phrazo, to speak, say. A word-cluster, a word-set, a cluster or set of byhanging words.

Pirate.Sea-robber, weeking, wyking, wicing (Gloss. 11 cent.). Thewicingsorweekingsorvicingswere so called as lurking about in the bays,wicas,weeks,wykes, orwiches.

Plagiary.A thought-pilferer.

Pleonasm.Gr.pleonazo, to fullen or overfullen. An overwording; as, ‘A great [thing of a] boar’ for ‘a great boar.’ ‘What [ever in the world] are you doing?’ ‘Never [in all my whole life] have I seen the like.’

A pleonasm oft is heardTo strengthen speech by word on word.

Plocē.Gr.plokē, a twining or folding. A twiningor folding of a foregiven name, of one meaning the same name, in another; as, ‘Then Edwin was Edwin (or himself) again.’ Worthy of himself. ‘Coal is now coal,’i.e.scarce and costly.

By plocē you inweave a nameOnce more with meaning not the same.

Plural(number). The somely (number).

Polyptoton.Gr.poly, many;ptotos, case. The inbringing of fellow stem-words or root-words in sundry cases or ways:—‘He, friendless once, befriended friends.’

Posterity.Afterkin.

Postposition.A hinder case-word, a case-word put after the thing-name; as, in Hindustani,panee-main, water in;panee-sae, water from;panee-ko, water to. Showing the source of case-endings.

Potential(mood). L.potentia, might, power. Mayly.

Predicate.The wording of the time-taking; as, ‘Johnwalked twenty miles.’

Prefix.A fore-eking, a forewordling; as,be-set,for-give,out-run.

Preposition.A case-word.

Preterite.Bygone, past.

Programme.A foredraught.

Pronoun(personal). A name-token, a stead-word. Pronoun Adjective, mark-word.

Proper name.A one-head name.

Prosopopœia.Gr.prosopon, face, person;poieo, to make. The putting of an unmatterly or impersonal thing as a person.

Prosopopœia shows your mindUnlive things doing as mankind.

Protasis.The hinge time-taking.

Prototype.Foreshape, forepattern.

Punctuation.L.punctuatio, frompuncta, points or stops. The skill of the putting of stops, or of the marking of voice-stoppings in speech. Bestopping. (See ‘Period.’)

Radicle.Rootling.

Reciprocal(verb). L.re, back, fro;ci, to this way. To and fro verbs; as, ‘They helped each other.’

Rectify.Righten.

Reflective.Back-turning, as a time-taking which comes back to the source of it; as, ‘John cut or hit himself.’

Regimen.Government, overwielding of a thing by another.

Religion.Faith-law.

Religious.On the true meaning ofreligiosussee Aul. Gell.Noct. Att.iv. 9. He makes it mean withholden, backbound from some uses.Religiosa delubra, a shrine hallowed from common use;religiosus dies, a day withholden, as unlucky, from great undertakings. A religious man is one who is withholden by his faith and conscience from bad deeds.

Restrain.Inhold, forhold.

Result.Outcome, outworking, backspring.Result(fromresilio, to spring back) is neither in sound nor meaning a better word thanoutcomeoroutworkingorfroming,fromming.

Rhetoric.Rede-speech.

Rhythm.Gr.rhythmos, number, as number of clippings or sounds in a line of verse.Metre, which meant at first tale of sounds rather than sound matching, which we call rime.Rimeis not come to us from the Greek, but is the Saxonrimorhrim, tale or number.

‘Manâ and misdædâ ungerím ealrâ’ (a tale, beyond telling, of all wickednesses and misdeeds).—Sermo Lupi ad Anglos.

‘Deer naet in da rime was’ (who was not in the number).—Old Friesic Law.

Salubrious.Healthy, halesome.

Satellite.Henchman.

Scintillate.Sparkle.

Semi-detached houses.Twin-houses, a house-twin.

Sentence.L.sentio, to think, deem, feel. In speech-craft, an uttering of a thought, one thought-wording.

Septuple.Sevenfold.

-sh(an ending). It means quickness and smartness; as,clang, clash;crack, crash;fly, flash;go, gush;hack, hash. In markwords it means somewhat such;—blackish,boyish.

-ship(an ending). It means a shape or form of being:—Friendship,mateship.

Solœcisms.Gr.soloikismos, from the bad Greek of theSoloikoiinCilicia. A miswording, barbarism, or, as an old Saxon gives it, ‘a miscweðen word,’ or a misquothing, a misqueathing.

We in a solœcismus findMiswording of a loreless mind.

Solstice.Sunsted. A.S. Sunanstede.

-some.The ending-somein such words asaimsome,matchsome,yieldsomeseems, as we look to its true first meaning, to be a fitting one. Asamorsom(some) meant at first a body of mingled matter or things. In its stronger meaning lumps of suet melted up into a soft body would be asamorsom; and potatoes boiled and mashed up would be asam; and dough, if not flour itself, is asamorsom.

In the wider meaning of the word an upgathering of things, and even men, into a body or set is asamorsom. Thence we have our wordsameas well as the ending-someand the markwordsome:—‘Somein rags, andsomein jags, andsomein silken gowns’ (asetor body in rags, asetor body in jags, &c.).

Aimsome,yieldsomewould mean of theaimoryieldoraimingoryieldingset or body.

Samorsomgives our wordssameandso. ‘Thesameman’ means the very man insamor body or being. ‘Are they Hebrews?so(same) am I.’ Of thatsam(am I). The Latinseis most likely a word of the same root:—‘Luciusseamat’ (Lucius lovessameor hissam); and this is the meaning of our wordself.

The Latinsimiliswould mean of thesamorsamekind; and ‘tosummon(samen) men’ is to call them up into asam, ‘Suma êlanda thêr im likte’ (some islands that pleased him).—Oera Linda Book.

Sophist.Wordwise.

Sophistry.Rede-guile, rede-cunning.

Spell.Sax.spellian, to tell, utter forth a word or a set of words.

Spell.A message or bewording, as inGodspel(Gospel), ‘the good message.’

-st(an ending). It strengthens the meaning, as it does inblackest; blow,blast; brow,breast.

Stereography.Bulk-drawing.

Stereometry.Bulk-meting.

Stereotype.Block-type.

Subject.The speech-thing or thing under speech.

Subjunctive(mood). The hinge-mood; as, ‘If ye ask, ye shall receive.’

Suffix.A wordling put on at the end of a word; as, man-hood, good-ness, kind-ly. End-eking, an on-eking, a word-ending.

Superlative.The highest pitch.

Supposititious.Underfoisted, undersmuggled.

Syllepsis.Gr.syn, up, together;lēpsis, a taking. An uptaking, upmating, comprehension, as of a second or third person with a first; as, ‘I (1) and my brother (3) (we) learn Latin.’.

Syllepsis takes I, you, and heAs first persons, and all called we.

Synalœpha.Gr.syn, up;aleipho, to smear. Sound-welding. The welding up of two sounds into one, or the end of one word into the head of the following. In Latin verse—‘Conticuere omnes,’ ‘conticue͞r omnes,’ ‘conticuere‿omnes’—uttering theeandomin the time of one syllable. So in Italian—‘In prato‿in foresta,’ ‘Sia l’alba‿ola sera,’ ‘Se dorme‿il pastor’—theo i, anda o, ande iare uttered as one syllable. In English—‘Before the‿Almighty’s throne.’

By synalœpha breath-sounds runA couple to the time of one.

Syncope.The cutting of a penning from within a word; as, ‘He ha-s’ for ‘he haves,’ ‘Gospel’ for ‘Godspel.’ The outcutting is truly anoutwearingof the clipping.

A clipping’s lost by syncope,Assubtle’ssounded minusb.

Synecdoche.Gr.syn, up;ek, out;dochē, a taking. An outtaking or outculling, as of a share of a thing for the whole, or the matter for the thing; as, ‘a hundred heads’ for ‘a hundred men’; ‘twenty hands’ for ‘twenty workmen’; ‘a cricketer’s willow’ for his ‘bat.’

Synonym.Gr.syn, together;onymaa name. Synonyms are words or names of the same meaning, twin-words; as,rabbitandconey,volumeandtome,yearlyandannual,letterandepistle. Twains of words are, however, less often synonyms than they are so called.

Syntax.Speech-trimming. Atrimis a fully right or good state of a thing, the state in which it ought tobe; and ‘to trim’ a thing is to put it in trim, or fully as it ought to be. ‘Totrima boat,’ to set it as it ought to be—upright, not heeling. ‘Totrima bonnet or dress,’ to put it fully as it ought to be. And so ‘totrima hedge’: a man may think that, because much of the trimming of a hedge is done by cutting, a trimming is therefore a cutting. ‘I am out oftrim’; ‘totrim,’ as a man in politics, albeit it may not be to set himself morally as he ought to be, is to set himself as he thinks that he ought to be for the nonce.

Tautology.Word-sameness, a saying over again of the same thing or words.

Technical.Craftly.

Telegram.Wire-spell. (SeeSpell.)

Telegraph(the electric). Spell-wire.

Telescope.Spyglass.

Tense.Time.

Termination.A word-ending.

Tmesis.A word-cutting or splitting or outsundering; as, ‘The child hasoverthrownthe flower-pot.’ By word-cutting or outsundering—‘The child hasthrownthe flower-potover.’

By tmesis you may oft outshareA word’s two word-stems here and there.

Transitiveis overfaresome;intransitive, unoverfaresome.

Triphthong.Gr.tri, three;phthongos, sound. A threefold sound.

Uncial.L.literæ unciales, text letters. Capital letters.

Under.Undersea, submarine;underspan, subtend;underslinking, subterfuge.

Up-.Upclashing, collision;upthrong, congregate.

Upmating.The upmating of the persons, called in Greeksyllepsis, touches the use of the personal pronouns. A second or third person upmated with the first is reckoned as first, and a third upmated with the second is reckoned as second; as,

‘That boat belongs to my brother (3) and me (1).We(1) bought it.’

‘That is known only to you (2) and me (1).Weknow it.’

‘I saw you (2) and your brother (3).You(2) were there.’

But persons are upmated as well from kindliness or civility as from the calls of speech-craft. Thus a speaker will often upmate himself with a hearer or another, as a mother may upmate herself with her child bywe, instead ofthouoryou; as,

Herewego up, up, up;Herewego down, down, downy;Herewego backward and forward;And herewego round, round, roundy—

though the going is only that of the child.

A young man may say to a girl friend, ‘How proudweare,’ meaning ‘youare’; or a man may say of others who might not be very brisk at work, ‘Weare not very strong to-day’; or a footman may upmate himself with the heads of the house with such wording as ‘Wedo not treat our guests so unhandsomely.’

Vocabulary.L.vocabulum, a word. A word-list, word-book, word-store.

Vocative(case). L.voco, to call. The call-case.

-y,-ig(an ending). It means eked with something:—Snowy, with snow;dirty, with dirt.

Zeugma.Gr., a yoking. A yoking of two things as to one time-word which would fit only one of them, another being outleft; as, ‘The house which my own money, and not which my father bequeathed,’ supplyboughtafter ‘money.’

Some of the small word-endings end themselves with a dead breath-penning, and others with a half-penning. The dead pennings seem to betoken, mostly, an ending, or shortening, or lessening, in time or shape; while the half-pennings do not seem to bound, or shorten, or lessen, the meaning of their body-words.

-ock.Hill-ock.

-ed.I walk-ed (the time-taking ended).

-ig, now-y. Wind-ig, wind-y (an eking of wind).

-op,-p;-ob,-b. Flap, flip, a quick flying; heap, hop, hip, small highenings, or humps; pop out, to poke out quickly; clap the hands, to close them quickly; stub, a small stump; wallop, to wallow or well (roll) lightly, and so as water from a spring, or in boiling. We may think that we have two very fine words inenvelopeanddevelope, whereas they seem to be nothing better than theTeutonicinwallopandunwallop, to roll in and unroll. Withwallowset the Latinvolvo(walwo), to roll.

-t,-et. Forlessens.

Poke,pocket.Ball,bullet.Sock,socket.

do not so strongly, if at all, betoken endingness, or shortness, or smallness.

-m.Astemis of any length, butstumpis short.

-en,-n.Golden, eked wholly in gold;blacken, to eke on freely in blackness.

-ing, as inwalking, does not betoken any ending or shortening of a time-taking.

-er,-r, betokens eking out much in shape or time, as:—

Chat,chatter.Pat,patter.Clate,clatter.

It so happens that while we have a dead penning,-ed, for the ended time-taking, as, ‘he walked,’ we have a half-penning for the ongoing time-taking, as, ‘he walketh.’ It is true that-en, a half-penning, is put for-ed, as an ending of some mark-time words, asbrok-en, and that-el,-l, a half-penning, may seem to mean either much or small, asprate,prattle(prat-el). Time-words with these endings in full length are weak.

sstrengthens the meaning of some root-heads, as:—

Melt,smelt.Nip,snip.Plunge,splunge.Queeze,squeeze.

So, as an ending of the somely thing-name, it stretches its meaning from that of one to some ones, asa hand,hands—hands being more than a hand.

In the word-ending-stofblack-est, the half-penningsfreely forstrengthensblack, and the dead-penningtseems to check its force, so thatblackestmeansblackstrengthened, though not unboundedly so, but blackest of all the things taken with it.

-sthas, I suppose, this meaning also as an ending of thing-names or time-words, as ‘toboast,’ the meaning of which is betokened by some other tongues to be tobowout much the breast or fore-body, the token of pride and boasting, as it is so often shown to our sight.

Bogan, to bow (Anglo-Saxon and Friesic), means ‘to boast.’

Friesic—‘Thi mâgybogadeuppa sinra snôdhed.’ (The mâgy boasted (bowed) on his cunning.)—Oera Linda Book.

‘Hiabogathìmmer over geda êwa.’ (They boast (bow) ever over good laws.)—Oera Linda Book.

The old British bard, Llywarch Hên, had in mind the same token of pride:—

—gnawd dynBronrain balch

(It is common for a proud (or boasting) man to bebow- or bulge-breasted); and in the Holderness (Yorkshire) folkspeech they say ‘asbug(proud) as a dog wi’ two tails,’ and yet, to show thatbugmeans a bow or bowedness, they say ‘asbugas a cheese.’

The goodness of a speech should be sought in its clearness to the hearing and mind, clearness of its breath-sounds, and clearness of meaning in its words; in its fulness of words for all the things and time-takings which come, with all their sundrinesses, under the minds of men of the speech, in their common life; in sound-sweetness to the ear, and glibness to the tongue. As to fulness, the speech of men who know thoroughly the making of its words may be fullened from its own roots and stems, quite as far as has been fullened Greek or German, so that they would seldom feel a stronger want of a foreign word than was felt by those men who, having the wordsrailandway, made the wordrailwayinstead of calling itchemin de fer, or, going to the Latin,via ferrea, or than Englishmen felt withsteamandboat, to go to the Greeks for the name of thesteamboat, for which Greek had no name at all. The fulness of English has not risen at the rate of the inbringing of words from other tongues, since many new words have only put out as many old ones, as:—

immediately,anon,

(no saving of time here),

ignite,kindle,annual,yearly,machine,jinny.

I have before me more than one hundred and fifty so taken English law-words which were brought into the English courts with the Norman French tongue; but English speech did not therefore become richer by so many words, because most of them thrust aside English ones.Judgetook the stead ofdema;causeofsác;bailofborh; and the lawyers saidarsonforforburning;burglary, forhousebreach; andcarrucate, forploughland; and King Alfred gave to English minds the matter of Gregory’s Pastoral with a greater share (nearly all) of pure English words, than most English scholars could now find for it.

On clearness, it is to be feared that, notwithstanding the English may be clear in breath-sounds to the ear, there is often a want of clearness to the mind from the many pairs of words which have worn into the same sound, such as:—

Bow,bow,Doe,dough,Lea,lee,Pale,pail,Sow,sew,

and others; and from the use of Latin and Greek and other foreign words, which are used in other than their true first meanings, or the meanings of which the common folk do not understand.

Teleologyis a word which I have just seen in a Dorset paper, as for the matter of a lately given lore-speech, ‘the examination or the discussion of the purposes for which things are created.’ Now, in English the wordendmeans both aforending, or termination, and a purpose; but I do not think thattelos(end) orteleosis, in Greek, means a purpose.Prothesiswould most likely have been put for it by a Greek.

The Latinish and Greekish wording is a hindrance to the teaching of the homely poor, or at least the landfolk. It is not clear to them, and some of them say of a clergyman that his Latinised preaching is too high for them, and seldom seek the church.

Swanis a clue to the meaning ofswanlingbut none ofcygnet; and if a man knew thatkyknoswas the Greek for swan he might still be at a loss for the meaning of-et, which is not a Greek ending.

For sound-sweetness or glibness, we should shun, as far as we can, the meeting of hard dead breath-pennings of unlike kinds. We have in our true English too many of them, and some of them from the dropping of theefrom the word-ending-ed, as inslep’tandpack’d(lip and roof, and throat and roof pennings, and in both cases hard dead pennings); and then, as if we had not enough of them, we have brought in a host more of such ones from the Latin, as inact,tract,inept,rapt.

Now,forbendis a softer-sounded word thandeflect, sincect(kt) are hard throat and root pennings, very unhandy together, and thenof-ndis a mild half-penning, anddis a mild dead penning. Sodapperis better sounded thanadept, sincepis a single hard penning between two free breathings, andptare a hard lip and a hard roof breathing, unfollowed by any softer breathing.

It was against such harshness of hard unlike breath-pennings that Celtic speech took its markworthy word-moulding.

As a token of the readiness of two kindred breath-pennings to run into one, we may give the words of the Liturgy, ‘Make clean our hearts within us,’ for which a clergyman will hardly, without a pause and a strong pushing of the breath, help saying ‘Make lean our hearts within us.’

There came out in print some time ago a statement wonderful to me, that it had been found that the poor landfolk of one of our shires had only about two hundred words in their vocabulary, with a hint that Dorset rustics were not likely to be more fully worded. There can be shown to any writer two hundred thing-names, known to every man and woman of our own village, for things of the body and dress of a labourer, without any mark-words, or time-words, or others, and without leaving the man for his house, or garden, or the field, or his work.

Absolute case,32,47Accent,3Adjective,10,12Adverbs,26,48Aorist (time),28Article,6,10Attraction,52Be-,52Big things,6Breathings,1,44— free,1— hard,2,44Breath-pennings,1,2Can,27Case,30— absolute,32— words,31Colon,73Comma,73Conjugation,26Conjunction,35Defective (time-words),55-dom,57,58-ed,19,83-el,-l,18-en,16,45,59,84-ening,59-er,59,84-et,84Expansion,60For-,60Fore-,61Goodness of a speech,86Hinge and hank time-takings,35-hood,62Imperative mood,31,63Impersonal time-words,63Inceptive time-words,64Indicative mood,30Infinitive mood,16,64-ing,17,84-ism,65Iterative time-words,29,66Kindred,5Link words,35-m,-om,-um,66,67,84Mark-words (thing),4Mark time-words,45May,27Mis-,16Miswording,10Mood,30Must,27Nominative case,31-ock,16,83-om,-um,-m,66,67,84-op,-p,70,83Optative mood,31,70Paraphrase,71Participles (Latin),40Period,72Person,11,26,27Personal time-word,73Pitches,73Potential,31Preposition (case-word),31Proposition,35Qualities,12-r,-er,16,59Seem,41,78Sex,5-sh,77Shall,77-ship,77Small things,5-some,78Sound-softness,38,88Speech, goodness of,86— strain,3— trimming,36,80— wording,35,40-44Stops,72Suchness,12— pitches of,13Syntax,35,80Tale,6,10,28Thing mark-words,4— names,4— sundrinesses,4Thought-wording,35Time,28Time-giving,15Time-taking,14,25— historic,18,30— long,27— short, single, and stringly,29— transitive,15Time-words,19— strong,20— weak,19,20,26Twin,39Under sundrinesses of time-takings,25Word-endings, powers of,83Wordiness,44Word-sameness,38Word-strain,3

LONDON: PRINTED BYSPOTTISWOODE AND CO., NEW-STREET SQUAREAND PARLIAMENT STREET

1, Paternoster Square, London.

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