(‡ decoration)ChapterV.Verse 1.The Elders which are among you I exhort, who am also an Elder, and a witnesse of the sufferings of Christ, and also a partaker of the glory that shall be revealed.Verse 2.Feed the flock of God which is among you, taking the oversight thereof, not by constraint, but willingly: not for filthy lucre, but of a ready minde.Verse 3.Neither as being Lords over Gods heritage: but being ensamples to the flock:Verse 4.And when the chiefe Shepheard shall appeare, ye shall receive a crowne of glory that fadeth not away.The Analysis.HEREis a speciall exhortation propounded towards the Elders, that they should performe their duty and office in a holy manner. The duty in generall is set downe to be, to feed the flock, whereof they were made overseers, by a diligent oversight and care of them, verse 2. at the beginning. And withall it is described by 3 conditions that are in a speciall manner required therein, which are set forth by a dehortation from the three contrary vices, that are opposed to those three conditions. 1. The first condition is, willingly to feed the flock; the contrary vice whereunto is, to do it by constraint. 2. To do it readily and freely: the contrary vice unto this, is, to seeke after filthy lucre thereby. 3. Not only in doctrine, but inexample of life to go before the Church; the contrary vice whereunto is, to Lord it over the Church. This duty being thus declared and described, they are perswaded unto it by the reward that is adjoyned, which for that cause all faithfull shepherds do receive, verse 4. at the end. Which reward is set forth both by the internall nature of it, that it is a crowne of glory that fadeth not away; and by the authour and giver of it, to wit, that the chiefe Shepherd our Lord Jesus Christ, will give it; and also by the time of this giving of it, when the chiefe Shepherd shall appeare, that is, at the last day of judgement. Now this exhortation, that it might be the more effectuall, and might worke the more upon them, is urged and set forth by the person ofPeter, who was the ministring cause thereof, 1. From the parity and fellowship of the same duty, as Peter an Elder prayed the other Elders to do their duty. 2. From the knowledge which he had and the testimony which he could give of the afflictions of Christ, which he suffered for the Church, the remembrance whereof should stir up all shepherds to a diligent care of the Church. 3. From that certaine expectation which he had of the glory to come, which glory he promiseth to all shepherds in the name of the chiefe shepherd.The Doctrines drawne herehence.Doctrine 1.Those exhortations are most effectuall which are propounded in an humble manner.This is gathered from verse 1. where the Apostle prayes, not commands, in humility and charity. SoPhilippians 1.9.1 Timothy 5.1.He prayes the Elders also as a fellow Elder, although he was placed in a higher degree, as Apostle.Reason1. Because by this manner of doing it appeares, that he which exhorts doth not aime at his owne good, but the good of another.2. Because by this manner of doing his zeale shewes it selfe to be the purer.3. Because he, to whom such an exhortation is made, is honoured thereby, and so takes it the easier and better.Vse.This may serve to direct us, in all our exhortations and admonitions to have respect unto this.Doctrine 2.It makes the exhortation the more effectuall,when a man speakes out of certaine judgement and communion of affection.This is gathered herehence, thatPetermakes way for his exhortation, in that he was a witnesse of the sufferings of Christ, and so had a certaine knowledge of those things which belong unto Christ, and that he was partaker of the same glory; and therefore he was affected after the same manner himselfe, as he desired they should be.Reason1. Because knowledge gives ability and authority, and communion of affection addes zeale and charity to the exhortation.2. Because these two will take away those objections, which usually hinder the efficacy of the exhortation; namely, either that he gives his judgement of things that he doth not know, or else at least he is an unexperienced man, of whom it may rightly be said,If thou wert here, thou wouldest thinke otherwise.Use.This may serve to direct us to get knowledge of those things which we exhort others unto, and affections also answerable thereunto.Doctrine 3.Men should be exhorted in a speciall manner unto those duties, which belong unto their proper or particular functions or callings.This is gathered from verse 2. where the shepherds are exhorted to feed the flock.Reason1. Because every mans particular function is that condition wherein God hath placed him to advance his glory.2. Because a mans faithfulnesse is most of all made triall of in that condition.3. Because the duties of our generall calling should be exercised in every Christians particular condition.Vse.This may serve to admonish every one to take greatest care of those duties which are proper to his calling or condition.Doctrine 4.It is the proper duty of a Shepherd, to feed the flock that is committed to his charge.This is gathered from verse 2.Reason1. Because the shepherds are appointed for the edificationof the Church: now to feed is nothing else, but to use all meanes that are appointed by God to procure the edification of the Church.2. Because Pastors are properly given to the faithfull that are converted, who as new borne babes should be nourished and brought up with milke and food, untill they come to perfection.3. Because the overseers of the Church should take most care of those things, that are most necessary for the Church; but it is most necessary for the faithfull being imperfect, to have their spirituall life preserved and increased by feeding.Vse.This may serve to admonish, 1. The Ministers not to thinke that it is a light or common duty that lies upon them, but that the very life of the Church doth in some sort depend upon their labour and Ministery, and therefore so to carry themselves, as befits and becomes so great a duty.2. The people, not to expect from their Ministers vain and light things which might tickle their eares, but to come to a Sermon as to the Lords Table, and seeke for spirituall food to feed their soules unto everlasting life.Doctrine 5.Pastors should performe their duties willingly, not by constraint.This is gathered from the same verse. Now by constraint is meant that forcing which proceeds from outward things, whereby a man performes the part of a Minister in some sort, either to avoid poverty, or disgrace and infamy, or the censure of others.Reason1. Because that which is done by constraint, comes not from the heart as from an inward principle, nor from the Spirit sanctifying; and therefore it is not a duty pleasing and acceptable unto God.2. Because that which comes not from the heart, and is not done willingly, is done only perfunctorily and for fashion sake, not with that diligence and care which God requires.3. Because that which proceeds not from the heart and the deerest affection of the soule, doth not usually worke upon other mens mindes, and therefore is not effectuall to the edification of the Church, which is the end of the Ministery.Use.This should admonish us, to look not only to the understanding,but also to the disposition of the will and heart in the Ministers of the Church.Doctrine 6.They should do the same of a ready minde, not for lucre.Now bylucreis meant all kinde of worldly profit, which men acquire unto themselves, either in doing the thing, or in getting fame, or in gaining friends, and the like.Reason1. Because that which depends upon lucre or some such like end, must necessarily be applyed thereunto, and this is to corrupt the word of God,2 Corinthians 2.17.2. Because that which depends upon mutable things, that also it selfe is mutable and inconstant.3. Because he which seeketh after lucre, is not a Minister of God, but of Mammon.Use.This may serve to admonish, 1. The Ministers, not to follow after lucre. 2. The people not to suffer their Ministers to be tempted by poverty, and so to be the lesse cheerefull and ready in performing their duty,Hebrews 13.17.Doctrine 7.The affectation of Lordlinesse should be far from Christs Ministers.This is gathered from verse 3.Reason1. Because they are called to meere service, not to Lordlinesse.2. Because Christ himselfe, whose Ministers they are, did purposely live amongst men as one that serveth, that he might leave an example unto those that should minister unto others in his name,Luke 22.27.3. Because the worke wherein they are imployed, is not subject to the command and authority of men. For men cannot command religion, but only perswade unto it.4. Because the Lordlinesse of Ministers alienates mens mindes from their testimony, because they neither willingly subject themselves to such as affect Lordlinesse, and they suppose too that those men, whom they see to study their owne glory and power, do neither look after the glory of God, nor the good of the Church.Vse.This may serve to admonish all Ministers, to take heed not only of all affectation, but also all shew of Lordlinesse. Now these men have a shew of Lordlinesse, 1. That wouldhave others in some sort to depend upon their authority. 2. Those that prescribe something as necessary to be believed or done, which is not taken out of Gods word. 3. Those that expound the will of God it selfe too imperiously, having no regard to the infirmity of those with whom they have to doe.Doctrine 8.Ministers should go before the people not only in doctrine, but in example also.This is gathered from verse 3.Reason1. Because they are called to feed the flock with all their strength; and therefore they should edifie the Church not only by their words, but by their deeds also.2. Because a wicked life doth either utterly destroy their preaching, or at least much weaken it.3. Because a good example is of a singular force, in that it sheweth that that very thing may be done, which he preacheth should be done.4. Because it takes away all prejudice out of mens minds, and all suspicion of affecting Lordlinesse and vaine glory, when they see Ministers seriously to do that, which they propound and perswade others to do.Vse.This may serve to exhort, first, the Ministers, to labour to leade an exemplary life. Secondly, the people, to imitate the good life of their Ministers, for therefore are they proposed as examples. The common vices contrary to this duty, are: 1. That many observe those things only in their Ministers, which they may carpe at or calumniate, and not those things which they should take notice of, with intention to imitate them. 2. That many imagine that there is a speciall kinde of holinesse belonging to Ministers, which others are not bound to labour for. 3. That many excuse their wicked courses by this pretence, that they are Lay-men, not Ecclesiasticall or Clergy-men.Doctrine 9.Ministers should expect the just reward of their labour and care, not from men, but from Christ.This is gathered from verse 4.Reason1. Because Christ is the chiefe shepherd, and Lord of the flock, as it is in the text.2. Because they must expect many injuries from men, and those good things which doe happen, are not such, or sohighly to be esteemed of, as that they should depend upon them.3. Because they will labour to please him most, from whom they expect their reward. Now they should please Christ, not men.Vse.This may serve to comfort godly Ministers against those troubles, which they finde men to make against them.Doctrine 10.Their reward is a crowne of eternall glory.Reason1. Because glory is the reward of the faithfull for all kinde of obedience towards God: Now in the Ministery there is a speciall kinde of obedience.2. Because those that did strive or runne lawfully in a race, there was wont to be a Crowne set before them; so for those that carry themselves well in the exercise of the Ministery, besides the glory common to all the Saints, there is a speciall kinde of addition prepared, which is like as it were a crown.Vse.This may serve to exhort Ministers, couragiously to contemne all temporary ignominy and disgrace for this Crowne of eternall glory.Doctrine 11.This Crowne of glory shall be fully given at Christs second comming to judgement.Vse.This may serve to admonish us, patiently to persevere unto the end.Verse 5.Likewise ye younger, submit your selves unto the elder: yea, allof yoube subject one to another, and be clothed with humility: for God resisteth the proud, and giveth grace to the humble.Verse 6.Humble your selves therefore under the mighty hand of God, that he may exalt you in due time.Verse 7.Casting all your care upon him, for he careth for you.The Analysis.The Apostle having in the former verses described the duty of the Elders towards the Church or the younger sort, and perswaded them unto it, he doth there-hence conclude the duty of the younger towards the elders by a comparing ofthings that are alike unto it, as the first word of the 5 verse shewes unto us,Likewise. This duty is in generall pointed out by subjection, which is set forth by the other duty, that is due not only to the Elders, but also to all the members of the Church, by reason of that nature which it hath common with the former; and it is also called subjection in those words,yea, allof yoube subject one to another. Now this subjection as well unto the Elders as unto all, is first described what kinde of subjection it ought to be, to wit, not only outward, but proceeding from the inward subjection of the soule unto God,be clothed with humility. And that it is meant of humility towards God may be gathered from verse 6. Secondly, He doth perswade them also unto this humility: 1. Because it is an ornament of the minde; that by the way. 2. From Gods blessing adjoyned, which followes thereupon,God gives grace unto the humble, which is illustrated by Gods curse contrary thereunto, that fals upon the proud,God resisteth the proud. Thirdly, he doth urge and presse them unto this subjection towards God, verse 6.Humble your selves therefore; and he shewes the proper reason of this subjection, which is the mighty hand or omnipotency of God: and withall hee explaines that reason, which he had before propounded concerning the blessing and grace of God towards the humble, to wit, that by that grace they shall be exalted: the time of which exaltation is marked out, that it shall be in due time,that hee may exalt you in due time. In the last place by anticipation of a close, but weighty objection, whereby this subjection is usually made very difficult, he shewes the true manner thereof, to wit, that it should be joyned with that confidence, which casts all care upon God, so that no feare or worldly care can hinder this subjection, which confidence he doth perswade them unto by that effectuall providence which God hath over the faithfull for their good, verse 7. at the end,For he careth for you.The doctrines arising herehence.Doctrine 1.There is the like duty of the people towards their Pastors, as there is of the Pastors towards the people.This is gathered from verse 5 at the beginning.Likewise ye younger. Now by the younger in this place is chiefely meantthe flock, which depends upon the Pastors, because the Pastors and Presbyters were for the most part chosen of those that were elder in age, and therefore the greatest part of the flock consisted of youngers. Now their duty is said to be like, not for that it is in the same kinde, that the people should guide their Pastors, as the Pastors do guide the people, but because there is the like reason of both their duties.Reason1. Because the same God and Lord both of Pastors & people, hath imposed and prescribed to both their duties.2. Because that relation which is betwixt the Pastor and people, requires a mutuall intercourse of duty.3. Because the Pastors labour and care is made void, if the people do not in some sort answer the same.4. Because the Pastors care and labour, tending to the salvation of the people, deserves it.Use.This may serve to reprove those that are very curious and rigid in exacting their Pastors duty, when in the meane time they are nothing carefull of their own dutie.Doctrine 2.The duty of people towards their Pastors consists chiefly in subjection.Reason1. Because their Pastors are set over them in Gods name.2. Because faithfull Pastors propound nothing else to themselves to observe, but the will of God, whereunto subjection and obedience must necessarily be yeelded.3. Because in the calling of their Pastors, they did either expresly or covertly at least promise this very thing.Vse.This may serve to reprove those that come unto Sermons, as Judges, to play the Criticks, not to subject themselves to the will of God, and such as cast off all discipline as an intollerable yoke.Doctrine 3.There is a kind of subjection also due unto all Christians.This is gathered from these words,Be yee all subject one to another.Reason1. Because as occasion shall serve, we should humble our selves to performe the meanest offices unto our brethren.2. Because we should submit our selves unto the private admonitions of our brethren.3. Because we should with all patience beare all the infirmities of our brethren.Vse.This may serve to reprove the arrogancy and pride of men, which cannot endure any such subjection.Doctrine 4.Humility is a great ornament.Reason1. Because humility is a singular vertue, and in some sort the foundation of all the rest.2. Because it makes us acceptable unto godly men, to whom in this regard we are made more profitable.3. Because it doth greatly commend us in the sight ofGod, when for his sake we are subject not only to our superiours and equals, but also to those of the lowest degree.Vse.This may serve to refute all those, that seeke for honour and reputation by arrogancy; and shunne humility as it were a vile debasing of a mans selfe.Doctrine 5.God resisteth the proud.Reason1. Because the proud resist the will of God.2. Because they seeke unfitting things, or at least not after a due manner.3. Because whatsoever proceeds from pride, turnes to the dishonour of God, to whom all subjection is due.Vse.This may serve to condemne proud men.Doctrine 6.God giveth grace to the humble.Reason1. Because the promise of grace was made to humility.2. Because humility is the disposing and fitting of a man for to receive grace.3. Because only the humble men have a worthy esteeme of Gods grace.Vse.This may serve to exhort us, greatly to labour for humility.Doctrine 7.The strength and power of God should stirre us up to subjection towards him.This is gathered from verse 6 at the beginning.Reason1. Because it were madnesse to resist the Almighty.2. Because Gods omnipotencie is the protection of those that humble themselves before him.Vse.This may serve to admonish us, not to suffer our selves so much as in thought to be led away from our obedience towardsGod, but from the meditation of Gods omnipotency and our own infirmity to increase daily more and more in humility.Doctrine 8.God will exalt the humble in due time.This is gathered from verse 6 at the end.Reason1. Because glory is the reward of obedience.2. Because they glorifie God, and therefore God will exalt them according to his promise,Those that honour me, I will honour.Vse.This may serve to direct us, to seek for true exaltation by humilitie and submission.Doctrine 9.They that humble themselves before God, may safely, and also should cast all their care upon God.This is gathered from verse 7.Reason1. Because this is Gods covenant, that he will be alwayes all-sufficient unto them that walke before him.2. Because God by a singular care and providence watcheth over those that have a care of his glory, & seek his kingdome, as it is in the text,He careth for you.Vse.This may serve to comfort all the godly, because God hath freed them from all care; and they should imbrace this libertie by true faith, and putting their trust in him, and apply it to themselves.Verse 8.Be sober, be vigilant: because your adversary the Devill, as a roaring Lion walketh about, seeking whom he may devoure:Verse 9.Whom resist stedfast in the faith, knowing that the same afflictions are accomplished in your brethren that are in the world.Verse 10.But the God of all grace, who hath called us into his eternall glory by Christ Iesus, after that ye have suffered a while, make you perfect, stablish, strengthen, settle you.Verse 11.To him be glory and dominion for ever and ever. Amen.The Analysis.For conclusion of the whole Epistle, to the foregoing exhortations there is added one generall one, which doth most neerely belong to the scope of the Apostle, to wit, that notwithstanding all opposition, difficulty, and temptation, they should constantly persist and go forward in that grace, which they had received. Now this care is described, 1. by two duties, which belong to the due manner thereof, sobernesse, and vigilancy. 2. The necessity of these duties is shewed by the grievous danger, to which otherwise they should be exposed. And this danger is set forth by the efficient cause thereof, the Devill, of whom the Apostle makes a description to that purpose: 1. By the opposition and enmity which he hath against us; in respect whereof he is called,our adversary or enemy. 2. By the manner and degree of that enmitie, that it is joyned with cruelty,as of a roaring Lion. 3. That besides this cruelty there is over and above in him very great diligence and greedinesse to do us hurt, in these words:seeking whom he may devoure. Now the Apostle gives us warning, that we must not yeeld to this enemy and danger which he threatens us, but resist it, verse 9 at the beginning, which is nothing else, but not to suffer our selves to be removed by his temptations from the grace of God: and the chiefe meanes of this resistance he shewes to consist in the stedfastnesse of our faith; which faith may in this respect be wonderfully confirmed by the example of our brethren in the world, who have experience of the like afflictions and temptations of Sathan. Agreeable to this exhortation he addes a prayer verse 10. Because the successe of all our endeavours depends upon the grace and blessing of God: And in this prayer he beseecheth God to strengthen the faithfull, and make them perfect in all grace, at the end of the verse,make you perfect, stablish, strengthen, settle you. The arguments whereby he confirmes their faith that they shall obtaine this petition, are two: 1. The all-sufficiencie of the grace of God in it selfe, in which respect this title is given unto God, that he is the God of all grace. 2. The communicating of this grace in the calling of thefaithfull, in these words:who hath called you: the grace of which calling is shewed, first, by the end and scope, that it is, to partake of the eternall glorie of God. Secondly, by the principall cause,in Christ Iesus. Thirdly, by the condition that goes before the accomplishment of this calling, and properly belongs to this exhortation of the Apostle unto constancie in afflictions, to wit, because we are so called unto eternall glorie, that in the meane time we must suffer afflictions,after that ye have suffered a while. In the last place upon occasion of this prayer he addes a religious doxologie, glorifying God, verse 11. wherein is contained both the last end of that petition, and a confirmation of the same that it shall be heard; as also an indirect exhortation to the faithfull, to bend all their care thereunto, to glorifie Gods name really and effectually, by persisting in the grace of God.The Doctrines arising here-hence.Doctrine 1.We had need to watch continually. Be vigilant.Reason1. Because sinne and danger doth naturally steale upon us, if we do not resist it.2. Because we cannot do our duty without diligent care and labour, and therein consists the manner of watching.3. Because if we could avoid danger, & obtain our desires, if we did not seeke it with care and diligence, it would be no praise to us, nor peace of conscience.Vse.This may serve to direct us, to imitate watchmen, which watch and ward to keepe the Citie; the like diligence should we use in keeping our soules, to examine all that goes in and out, our thoughts affections, words, and actions, together with the occasions of them, what they are, whence they came, and whither they tend.Doctrine 2.That we may watch as we ought to do, it is required that we should be sober.Now by sobernesse is meant the moderation of our affections touching all worldly things.Reason1. Because the cares of this world do so burthen the soule, that they leave no place for spirituall cares.2. Because the care of the world doth draw and distract the minde, so that although it doth not altogether exclude religion, yet it doth diminish and weaken it.3. Because under the shew of some worldly profit, pleasure, or honour, we do oftentimes admit of those things, which betray and destroy our soules.Vse.This may serve to admonish us not to drown our selves in the things of this world, but so to use the world, as if we used it not,1 Corinthians 7.31.Doctrine 3.We have such a spirituall enemy, that we had need to watch and ward continually against him.Reason1. Because he is full of spirituall malice and craft.2. Because his diligence is answerable to his malice.3. Because he is most cruell, seeking not to bring some small inconvenience upon us, but our utter destruction.Vse.This may serve to admonish us, never to be secure, but day and night to be mindfull of that danger wherein we are.Doctrine 4.We must couragiously resist the Devill.This is gathered from verse 9.Reason1. Because he is such an enemy, that we can make no peace or league with him.2. Because they which yeeld unto the devill give themselves up into his hands, as being overcome.3. Because the courage of our minde to resist is a great part of spirituall victory.Use.This may serve to exhort us, to strengthen our mindes in all things to make this resistence.Doctrine 5.The chiefe power of resisting, consists in a stedfast faith.This is gathered from these words,Whom resist stedfast in the faith.Reason1. Because faith layes hold upon Christ who overcame the devill, and in him they lay hold of victory it selfe.2. Because faith laies hold of the truth of all the promises, whereby the soule is invincibly fortified.3. Because faith, seeing it is the foundation of all grace, if it be stirred up and strengthened, it confirmes and strengthens also all the other vertues.Vse.This may serve to direct us, to have a speciall care to raise and build up our faith.Doctrine 6.The examples of other beleevers doe make much for the confirmation of our faith in afflictions & other temptations.Reason1. Because thereby it appeares that such conflicts are not contrarie to faith and pietie.2. Because therehence we have a cloud of witnesses, to shew, that at length we shall obtaine the victorie by faith.Vse.This may serve to direct us, to stablish our mindes more and more by such meditations.Doctrine 7.All those things which we desire, either for our selves or for others unto salvation, we must aske of God.This is gathered from verse 10, compared with the foregoing verse. For all those things which the Apostle had before required of the faithfull, he doth now at the end of the Epistle in their name crave of God, and he askes it with discretion, as appeares by that particle,Butas if he should have said, Although all these things which I have proposed unto you by way of admonition, exhortation, and consolation, are duties which you ought necessarily to do, yet it is not to be expected, that you♦should accomplish it by your own strength: I do therefore call upon God, (which you likewise should alwayes do) that he would increase his grace more and more in you, whereby you may receive both to will and to do all these things.♦“shold” replaced with “should”Reason1. Because of our selves we can doe nothing that is good.2. Because in such like purposes and endeavours we are letted and hindred by divers temptations, and such as are most strong through our infirmitie.3. Because all our spirituall life proceeds from God, and of him should we aske it.Vse1. This may serve to admonish us, not to rest in good purposes and intentions, but alwayes to seeke for grace from God, to accomplish the same happily.2. To direct us, when we reade, heare, and meditate upon Gods word, to water it, as it were, with our prayers, that it may be fruitfull.Note.By such conclusions of the Apostles, wherein they do close up their Doctrine with prayer, the Ministers especially are warned and admonished, after their Sermons to desire God to give both themselves and the people grace toobserve those things, which they have learned in the Sermon: and others also are admonished diligently and earnestly to seek the same, both in publick with the Minister, and in private by themselves.Doctrine 8.We stand in need of manifold grace.As it is set forth by divers words in the text:Make perfect, stablish, strengthen, settle, which may be thus distinguished, thatto make perfectis to adde those degrees of grace, which are yet wanting:to stablish, is to protect and defend from temptations and dangers:to strengthenis to give inward power and strength: andto settle, is to fasten the root it selfe of grace more and more.Reason1. Because all those good things which we have, we have but in part.2. Because we are assaulted by continuall temptations, and are over and above prone to revolt.3. Because great and manifold is that perfection, whereunto we are called.Vse.This may serve to admonish us, not to rest in the beginnings, but by much prayer to aske much grace of God.Doctrine 9.God is the fountaine and author of all grace.For this title is given unto God in this place, because it is most agreeable to the petition for manifold grace. For Holy Men in their prayers lay hold of that in God, and propose those titles of God unto themselves, which make most for the furtherance of those prayers which they make.Reason1. Because God hath in himselfe infinite riches of grace.2. Because grace is not given but by grace, and not for any merit of our own.3. Because every degree and all kinde of grace is revealed and exhibited unto us by God in the Gospell.Vse1. This may serve to direct us to build up our selves in this beliefe of Gods grace.2. To admonish us, not so to rest in that grace which we have received, as if there were nothing farther to be lookedafter, because God is God not of this or that particular grace, but of all grace.Doctrine 10.The chiefe effect of this grace, which is in us, is our calling.Reason1. Because before our calling we lye in sinne and spirituall death.2. Because by our calling we come to the hope of eternall glory;who hath called you into his eternall glory, as it is in the text.3. Because in our calling wee are ingrafted into Jesus Christ, that by him we are brought unto this glory,who hath called you unto eternall glory in Iesus Christ, as it is in the text.Vse1. This may serve to admonish us, to labour to make our effectuall calling more and more sure.2. To exhort us, to give God all the thankes for this calling, and to leade a life answerable thereunto, which seemes to be aimed at in the text,viz.that for this eternall glory whereunto we are called, we should contemne all worldly things, whether good or evill.Doctrine 11.The sufferings of this life are not repugnant to the comfort of this glory.Reason1. Because we suffer but a while: for although the time of affliction may seeme long, yet it is but short, if it be compared either with eternall death, which the wicked shall suffer, and we have deserved; or with eternall glory whereunto we are called.2. Because these afflictions are the way, whereby according to Gods wil we come unto glory.3. Because glory it selfe appeares the more glorious for the afflictions going before.Use.This may serve to comfort us against all the sufferings of this life.Doctrine 12.For this grace of God we should give all glory unto God.This is gathered from verse 11.Reason1. Because therein consists our thankfulnesse.2. Because therein also consists the perfection of the work of grace.Vse.This may serve to admonish us, not to give place to luke-warmenesse, but to make such high reckoning of the saving grace of God, that upon every mentioning thereof our mindes should be stirred up sincerely to glorifie the name of God, and alwayes endeavour so to do.The end of the first Epistle.
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Verse 1.The Elders which are among you I exhort, who am also an Elder, and a witnesse of the sufferings of Christ, and also a partaker of the glory that shall be revealed.
Verse 2.Feed the flock of God which is among you, taking the oversight thereof, not by constraint, but willingly: not for filthy lucre, but of a ready minde.
Verse 3.Neither as being Lords over Gods heritage: but being ensamples to the flock:
Verse 4.And when the chiefe Shepheard shall appeare, ye shall receive a crowne of glory that fadeth not away.
The Analysis.
HEREis a speciall exhortation propounded towards the Elders, that they should performe their duty and office in a holy manner. The duty in generall is set downe to be, to feed the flock, whereof they were made overseers, by a diligent oversight and care of them, verse 2. at the beginning. And withall it is described by 3 conditions that are in a speciall manner required therein, which are set forth by a dehortation from the three contrary vices, that are opposed to those three conditions. 1. The first condition is, willingly to feed the flock; the contrary vice whereunto is, to do it by constraint. 2. To do it readily and freely: the contrary vice unto this, is, to seeke after filthy lucre thereby. 3. Not only in doctrine, but inexample of life to go before the Church; the contrary vice whereunto is, to Lord it over the Church. This duty being thus declared and described, they are perswaded unto it by the reward that is adjoyned, which for that cause all faithfull shepherds do receive, verse 4. at the end. Which reward is set forth both by the internall nature of it, that it is a crowne of glory that fadeth not away; and by the authour and giver of it, to wit, that the chiefe Shepherd our Lord Jesus Christ, will give it; and also by the time of this giving of it, when the chiefe Shepherd shall appeare, that is, at the last day of judgement. Now this exhortation, that it might be the more effectuall, and might worke the more upon them, is urged and set forth by the person ofPeter, who was the ministring cause thereof, 1. From the parity and fellowship of the same duty, as Peter an Elder prayed the other Elders to do their duty. 2. From the knowledge which he had and the testimony which he could give of the afflictions of Christ, which he suffered for the Church, the remembrance whereof should stir up all shepherds to a diligent care of the Church. 3. From that certaine expectation which he had of the glory to come, which glory he promiseth to all shepherds in the name of the chiefe shepherd.
The Doctrines drawne herehence.
Doctrine 1.Those exhortations are most effectuall which are propounded in an humble manner.
This is gathered from verse 1. where the Apostle prayes, not commands, in humility and charity. SoPhilippians 1.9.1 Timothy 5.1.He prayes the Elders also as a fellow Elder, although he was placed in a higher degree, as Apostle.
Reason1. Because by this manner of doing it appeares, that he which exhorts doth not aime at his owne good, but the good of another.
2. Because by this manner of doing his zeale shewes it selfe to be the purer.
3. Because he, to whom such an exhortation is made, is honoured thereby, and so takes it the easier and better.
Vse.This may serve to direct us, in all our exhortations and admonitions to have respect unto this.
Doctrine 2.It makes the exhortation the more effectuall,when a man speakes out of certaine judgement and communion of affection.
This is gathered herehence, thatPetermakes way for his exhortation, in that he was a witnesse of the sufferings of Christ, and so had a certaine knowledge of those things which belong unto Christ, and that he was partaker of the same glory; and therefore he was affected after the same manner himselfe, as he desired they should be.
Reason1. Because knowledge gives ability and authority, and communion of affection addes zeale and charity to the exhortation.
2. Because these two will take away those objections, which usually hinder the efficacy of the exhortation; namely, either that he gives his judgement of things that he doth not know, or else at least he is an unexperienced man, of whom it may rightly be said,If thou wert here, thou wouldest thinke otherwise.
Use.This may serve to direct us to get knowledge of those things which we exhort others unto, and affections also answerable thereunto.
Doctrine 3.Men should be exhorted in a speciall manner unto those duties, which belong unto their proper or particular functions or callings.
This is gathered from verse 2. where the shepherds are exhorted to feed the flock.
Reason1. Because every mans particular function is that condition wherein God hath placed him to advance his glory.
2. Because a mans faithfulnesse is most of all made triall of in that condition.
3. Because the duties of our generall calling should be exercised in every Christians particular condition.
Vse.This may serve to admonish every one to take greatest care of those duties which are proper to his calling or condition.
Doctrine 4.It is the proper duty of a Shepherd, to feed the flock that is committed to his charge.
This is gathered from verse 2.
Reason1. Because the shepherds are appointed for the edificationof the Church: now to feed is nothing else, but to use all meanes that are appointed by God to procure the edification of the Church.
2. Because Pastors are properly given to the faithfull that are converted, who as new borne babes should be nourished and brought up with milke and food, untill they come to perfection.
3. Because the overseers of the Church should take most care of those things, that are most necessary for the Church; but it is most necessary for the faithfull being imperfect, to have their spirituall life preserved and increased by feeding.
Vse.This may serve to admonish, 1. The Ministers not to thinke that it is a light or common duty that lies upon them, but that the very life of the Church doth in some sort depend upon their labour and Ministery, and therefore so to carry themselves, as befits and becomes so great a duty.
2. The people, not to expect from their Ministers vain and light things which might tickle their eares, but to come to a Sermon as to the Lords Table, and seeke for spirituall food to feed their soules unto everlasting life.
Doctrine 5.Pastors should performe their duties willingly, not by constraint.
This is gathered from the same verse. Now by constraint is meant that forcing which proceeds from outward things, whereby a man performes the part of a Minister in some sort, either to avoid poverty, or disgrace and infamy, or the censure of others.
Reason1. Because that which is done by constraint, comes not from the heart as from an inward principle, nor from the Spirit sanctifying; and therefore it is not a duty pleasing and acceptable unto God.
2. Because that which comes not from the heart, and is not done willingly, is done only perfunctorily and for fashion sake, not with that diligence and care which God requires.
3. Because that which proceeds not from the heart and the deerest affection of the soule, doth not usually worke upon other mens mindes, and therefore is not effectuall to the edification of the Church, which is the end of the Ministery.
Use.This should admonish us, to look not only to the understanding,but also to the disposition of the will and heart in the Ministers of the Church.
Doctrine 6.They should do the same of a ready minde, not for lucre.
Now bylucreis meant all kinde of worldly profit, which men acquire unto themselves, either in doing the thing, or in getting fame, or in gaining friends, and the like.
Reason1. Because that which depends upon lucre or some such like end, must necessarily be applyed thereunto, and this is to corrupt the word of God,2 Corinthians 2.17.
2. Because that which depends upon mutable things, that also it selfe is mutable and inconstant.
3. Because he which seeketh after lucre, is not a Minister of God, but of Mammon.
Use.This may serve to admonish, 1. The Ministers, not to follow after lucre. 2. The people not to suffer their Ministers to be tempted by poverty, and so to be the lesse cheerefull and ready in performing their duty,Hebrews 13.17.
Doctrine 7.The affectation of Lordlinesse should be far from Christs Ministers.
This is gathered from verse 3.
Reason1. Because they are called to meere service, not to Lordlinesse.
2. Because Christ himselfe, whose Ministers they are, did purposely live amongst men as one that serveth, that he might leave an example unto those that should minister unto others in his name,Luke 22.27.
3. Because the worke wherein they are imployed, is not subject to the command and authority of men. For men cannot command religion, but only perswade unto it.
4. Because the Lordlinesse of Ministers alienates mens mindes from their testimony, because they neither willingly subject themselves to such as affect Lordlinesse, and they suppose too that those men, whom they see to study their owne glory and power, do neither look after the glory of God, nor the good of the Church.
Vse.This may serve to admonish all Ministers, to take heed not only of all affectation, but also all shew of Lordlinesse. Now these men have a shew of Lordlinesse, 1. That wouldhave others in some sort to depend upon their authority. 2. Those that prescribe something as necessary to be believed or done, which is not taken out of Gods word. 3. Those that expound the will of God it selfe too imperiously, having no regard to the infirmity of those with whom they have to doe.
Doctrine 8.Ministers should go before the people not only in doctrine, but in example also.
This is gathered from verse 3.
Reason1. Because they are called to feed the flock with all their strength; and therefore they should edifie the Church not only by their words, but by their deeds also.
2. Because a wicked life doth either utterly destroy their preaching, or at least much weaken it.
3. Because a good example is of a singular force, in that it sheweth that that very thing may be done, which he preacheth should be done.
4. Because it takes away all prejudice out of mens minds, and all suspicion of affecting Lordlinesse and vaine glory, when they see Ministers seriously to do that, which they propound and perswade others to do.
Vse.This may serve to exhort, first, the Ministers, to labour to leade an exemplary life. Secondly, the people, to imitate the good life of their Ministers, for therefore are they proposed as examples. The common vices contrary to this duty, are: 1. That many observe those things only in their Ministers, which they may carpe at or calumniate, and not those things which they should take notice of, with intention to imitate them. 2. That many imagine that there is a speciall kinde of holinesse belonging to Ministers, which others are not bound to labour for. 3. That many excuse their wicked courses by this pretence, that they are Lay-men, not Ecclesiasticall or Clergy-men.
Doctrine 9.Ministers should expect the just reward of their labour and care, not from men, but from Christ.
This is gathered from verse 4.
Reason1. Because Christ is the chiefe shepherd, and Lord of the flock, as it is in the text.
2. Because they must expect many injuries from men, and those good things which doe happen, are not such, or sohighly to be esteemed of, as that they should depend upon them.
3. Because they will labour to please him most, from whom they expect their reward. Now they should please Christ, not men.
Vse.This may serve to comfort godly Ministers against those troubles, which they finde men to make against them.
Doctrine 10.Their reward is a crowne of eternall glory.
Reason1. Because glory is the reward of the faithfull for all kinde of obedience towards God: Now in the Ministery there is a speciall kinde of obedience.
2. Because those that did strive or runne lawfully in a race, there was wont to be a Crowne set before them; so for those that carry themselves well in the exercise of the Ministery, besides the glory common to all the Saints, there is a speciall kinde of addition prepared, which is like as it were a crown.
Vse.This may serve to exhort Ministers, couragiously to contemne all temporary ignominy and disgrace for this Crowne of eternall glory.
Doctrine 11.This Crowne of glory shall be fully given at Christs second comming to judgement.
Vse.This may serve to admonish us, patiently to persevere unto the end.
Verse 5.Likewise ye younger, submit your selves unto the elder: yea, allof yoube subject one to another, and be clothed with humility: for God resisteth the proud, and giveth grace to the humble.
Verse 6.Humble your selves therefore under the mighty hand of God, that he may exalt you in due time.
Verse 7.Casting all your care upon him, for he careth for you.
The Analysis.
The Apostle having in the former verses described the duty of the Elders towards the Church or the younger sort, and perswaded them unto it, he doth there-hence conclude the duty of the younger towards the elders by a comparing ofthings that are alike unto it, as the first word of the 5 verse shewes unto us,Likewise. This duty is in generall pointed out by subjection, which is set forth by the other duty, that is due not only to the Elders, but also to all the members of the Church, by reason of that nature which it hath common with the former; and it is also called subjection in those words,yea, allof yoube subject one to another. Now this subjection as well unto the Elders as unto all, is first described what kinde of subjection it ought to be, to wit, not only outward, but proceeding from the inward subjection of the soule unto God,be clothed with humility. And that it is meant of humility towards God may be gathered from verse 6. Secondly, He doth perswade them also unto this humility: 1. Because it is an ornament of the minde; that by the way. 2. From Gods blessing adjoyned, which followes thereupon,God gives grace unto the humble, which is illustrated by Gods curse contrary thereunto, that fals upon the proud,God resisteth the proud. Thirdly, he doth urge and presse them unto this subjection towards God, verse 6.Humble your selves therefore; and he shewes the proper reason of this subjection, which is the mighty hand or omnipotency of God: and withall hee explaines that reason, which he had before propounded concerning the blessing and grace of God towards the humble, to wit, that by that grace they shall be exalted: the time of which exaltation is marked out, that it shall be in due time,that hee may exalt you in due time. In the last place by anticipation of a close, but weighty objection, whereby this subjection is usually made very difficult, he shewes the true manner thereof, to wit, that it should be joyned with that confidence, which casts all care upon God, so that no feare or worldly care can hinder this subjection, which confidence he doth perswade them unto by that effectuall providence which God hath over the faithfull for their good, verse 7. at the end,For he careth for you.
The doctrines arising herehence.
Doctrine 1.There is the like duty of the people towards their Pastors, as there is of the Pastors towards the people.
This is gathered from verse 5 at the beginning.Likewise ye younger. Now by the younger in this place is chiefely meantthe flock, which depends upon the Pastors, because the Pastors and Presbyters were for the most part chosen of those that were elder in age, and therefore the greatest part of the flock consisted of youngers. Now their duty is said to be like, not for that it is in the same kinde, that the people should guide their Pastors, as the Pastors do guide the people, but because there is the like reason of both their duties.
Reason1. Because the same God and Lord both of Pastors & people, hath imposed and prescribed to both their duties.
2. Because that relation which is betwixt the Pastor and people, requires a mutuall intercourse of duty.
3. Because the Pastors labour and care is made void, if the people do not in some sort answer the same.
4. Because the Pastors care and labour, tending to the salvation of the people, deserves it.
Use.This may serve to reprove those that are very curious and rigid in exacting their Pastors duty, when in the meane time they are nothing carefull of their own dutie.
Doctrine 2.The duty of people towards their Pastors consists chiefly in subjection.
Reason1. Because their Pastors are set over them in Gods name.
2. Because faithfull Pastors propound nothing else to themselves to observe, but the will of God, whereunto subjection and obedience must necessarily be yeelded.
3. Because in the calling of their Pastors, they did either expresly or covertly at least promise this very thing.
Vse.This may serve to reprove those that come unto Sermons, as Judges, to play the Criticks, not to subject themselves to the will of God, and such as cast off all discipline as an intollerable yoke.
Doctrine 3.There is a kind of subjection also due unto all Christians.
This is gathered from these words,Be yee all subject one to another.
Reason1. Because as occasion shall serve, we should humble our selves to performe the meanest offices unto our brethren.
2. Because we should submit our selves unto the private admonitions of our brethren.
3. Because we should with all patience beare all the infirmities of our brethren.
Vse.This may serve to reprove the arrogancy and pride of men, which cannot endure any such subjection.
Doctrine 4.Humility is a great ornament.
Reason1. Because humility is a singular vertue, and in some sort the foundation of all the rest.
2. Because it makes us acceptable unto godly men, to whom in this regard we are made more profitable.
3. Because it doth greatly commend us in the sight ofGod, when for his sake we are subject not only to our superiours and equals, but also to those of the lowest degree.
Vse.This may serve to refute all those, that seeke for honour and reputation by arrogancy; and shunne humility as it were a vile debasing of a mans selfe.
Doctrine 5.God resisteth the proud.
Reason1. Because the proud resist the will of God.
2. Because they seeke unfitting things, or at least not after a due manner.
3. Because whatsoever proceeds from pride, turnes to the dishonour of God, to whom all subjection is due.
Vse.This may serve to condemne proud men.
Doctrine 6.God giveth grace to the humble.
Reason1. Because the promise of grace was made to humility.
2. Because humility is the disposing and fitting of a man for to receive grace.
3. Because only the humble men have a worthy esteeme of Gods grace.
Vse.This may serve to exhort us, greatly to labour for humility.
Doctrine 7.The strength and power of God should stirre us up to subjection towards him.
This is gathered from verse 6 at the beginning.
Reason1. Because it were madnesse to resist the Almighty.
2. Because Gods omnipotencie is the protection of those that humble themselves before him.
Vse.This may serve to admonish us, not to suffer our selves so much as in thought to be led away from our obedience towardsGod, but from the meditation of Gods omnipotency and our own infirmity to increase daily more and more in humility.
Doctrine 8.God will exalt the humble in due time.
This is gathered from verse 6 at the end.
Reason1. Because glory is the reward of obedience.
2. Because they glorifie God, and therefore God will exalt them according to his promise,Those that honour me, I will honour.
Vse.This may serve to direct us, to seek for true exaltation by humilitie and submission.
Doctrine 9.They that humble themselves before God, may safely, and also should cast all their care upon God.
This is gathered from verse 7.
Reason1. Because this is Gods covenant, that he will be alwayes all-sufficient unto them that walke before him.
2. Because God by a singular care and providence watcheth over those that have a care of his glory, & seek his kingdome, as it is in the text,He careth for you.
Vse.This may serve to comfort all the godly, because God hath freed them from all care; and they should imbrace this libertie by true faith, and putting their trust in him, and apply it to themselves.
Verse 8.Be sober, be vigilant: because your adversary the Devill, as a roaring Lion walketh about, seeking whom he may devoure:
Verse 9.Whom resist stedfast in the faith, knowing that the same afflictions are accomplished in your brethren that are in the world.
Verse 10.But the God of all grace, who hath called us into his eternall glory by Christ Iesus, after that ye have suffered a while, make you perfect, stablish, strengthen, settle you.
Verse 11.To him be glory and dominion for ever and ever. Amen.
The Analysis.
For conclusion of the whole Epistle, to the foregoing exhortations there is added one generall one, which doth most neerely belong to the scope of the Apostle, to wit, that notwithstanding all opposition, difficulty, and temptation, they should constantly persist and go forward in that grace, which they had received. Now this care is described, 1. by two duties, which belong to the due manner thereof, sobernesse, and vigilancy. 2. The necessity of these duties is shewed by the grievous danger, to which otherwise they should be exposed. And this danger is set forth by the efficient cause thereof, the Devill, of whom the Apostle makes a description to that purpose: 1. By the opposition and enmity which he hath against us; in respect whereof he is called,our adversary or enemy. 2. By the manner and degree of that enmitie, that it is joyned with cruelty,as of a roaring Lion. 3. That besides this cruelty there is over and above in him very great diligence and greedinesse to do us hurt, in these words:seeking whom he may devoure. Now the Apostle gives us warning, that we must not yeeld to this enemy and danger which he threatens us, but resist it, verse 9 at the beginning, which is nothing else, but not to suffer our selves to be removed by his temptations from the grace of God: and the chiefe meanes of this resistance he shewes to consist in the stedfastnesse of our faith; which faith may in this respect be wonderfully confirmed by the example of our brethren in the world, who have experience of the like afflictions and temptations of Sathan. Agreeable to this exhortation he addes a prayer verse 10. Because the successe of all our endeavours depends upon the grace and blessing of God: And in this prayer he beseecheth God to strengthen the faithfull, and make them perfect in all grace, at the end of the verse,make you perfect, stablish, strengthen, settle you. The arguments whereby he confirmes their faith that they shall obtaine this petition, are two: 1. The all-sufficiencie of the grace of God in it selfe, in which respect this title is given unto God, that he is the God of all grace. 2. The communicating of this grace in the calling of thefaithfull, in these words:who hath called you: the grace of which calling is shewed, first, by the end and scope, that it is, to partake of the eternall glorie of God. Secondly, by the principall cause,in Christ Iesus. Thirdly, by the condition that goes before the accomplishment of this calling, and properly belongs to this exhortation of the Apostle unto constancie in afflictions, to wit, because we are so called unto eternall glorie, that in the meane time we must suffer afflictions,after that ye have suffered a while. In the last place upon occasion of this prayer he addes a religious doxologie, glorifying God, verse 11. wherein is contained both the last end of that petition, and a confirmation of the same that it shall be heard; as also an indirect exhortation to the faithfull, to bend all their care thereunto, to glorifie Gods name really and effectually, by persisting in the grace of God.
The Doctrines arising here-hence.
Doctrine 1.We had need to watch continually. Be vigilant.
Reason1. Because sinne and danger doth naturally steale upon us, if we do not resist it.
2. Because we cannot do our duty without diligent care and labour, and therein consists the manner of watching.
3. Because if we could avoid danger, & obtain our desires, if we did not seeke it with care and diligence, it would be no praise to us, nor peace of conscience.
Vse.This may serve to direct us, to imitate watchmen, which watch and ward to keepe the Citie; the like diligence should we use in keeping our soules, to examine all that goes in and out, our thoughts affections, words, and actions, together with the occasions of them, what they are, whence they came, and whither they tend.
Doctrine 2.That we may watch as we ought to do, it is required that we should be sober.
Now by sobernesse is meant the moderation of our affections touching all worldly things.
Reason1. Because the cares of this world do so burthen the soule, that they leave no place for spirituall cares.
2. Because the care of the world doth draw and distract the minde, so that although it doth not altogether exclude religion, yet it doth diminish and weaken it.
3. Because under the shew of some worldly profit, pleasure, or honour, we do oftentimes admit of those things, which betray and destroy our soules.
Vse.This may serve to admonish us not to drown our selves in the things of this world, but so to use the world, as if we used it not,1 Corinthians 7.31.
Doctrine 3.We have such a spirituall enemy, that we had need to watch and ward continually against him.
Reason1. Because he is full of spirituall malice and craft.
2. Because his diligence is answerable to his malice.
3. Because he is most cruell, seeking not to bring some small inconvenience upon us, but our utter destruction.
Vse.This may serve to admonish us, never to be secure, but day and night to be mindfull of that danger wherein we are.
Doctrine 4.We must couragiously resist the Devill.
This is gathered from verse 9.
Reason1. Because he is such an enemy, that we can make no peace or league with him.
2. Because they which yeeld unto the devill give themselves up into his hands, as being overcome.
3. Because the courage of our minde to resist is a great part of spirituall victory.
Use.This may serve to exhort us, to strengthen our mindes in all things to make this resistence.
Doctrine 5.The chiefe power of resisting, consists in a stedfast faith.
This is gathered from these words,Whom resist stedfast in the faith.
Reason1. Because faith layes hold upon Christ who overcame the devill, and in him they lay hold of victory it selfe.
2. Because faith laies hold of the truth of all the promises, whereby the soule is invincibly fortified.
3. Because faith, seeing it is the foundation of all grace, if it be stirred up and strengthened, it confirmes and strengthens also all the other vertues.
Vse.This may serve to direct us, to have a speciall care to raise and build up our faith.
Doctrine 6.The examples of other beleevers doe make much for the confirmation of our faith in afflictions & other temptations.
Reason1. Because thereby it appeares that such conflicts are not contrarie to faith and pietie.
2. Because therehence we have a cloud of witnesses, to shew, that at length we shall obtaine the victorie by faith.
Vse.This may serve to direct us, to stablish our mindes more and more by such meditations.
Doctrine 7.All those things which we desire, either for our selves or for others unto salvation, we must aske of God.
This is gathered from verse 10, compared with the foregoing verse. For all those things which the Apostle had before required of the faithfull, he doth now at the end of the Epistle in their name crave of God, and he askes it with discretion, as appeares by that particle,Butas if he should have said, Although all these things which I have proposed unto you by way of admonition, exhortation, and consolation, are duties which you ought necessarily to do, yet it is not to be expected, that you♦should accomplish it by your own strength: I do therefore call upon God, (which you likewise should alwayes do) that he would increase his grace more and more in you, whereby you may receive both to will and to do all these things.
♦“shold” replaced with “should”
♦“shold” replaced with “should”
♦“shold” replaced with “should”
Reason1. Because of our selves we can doe nothing that is good.
2. Because in such like purposes and endeavours we are letted and hindred by divers temptations, and such as are most strong through our infirmitie.
3. Because all our spirituall life proceeds from God, and of him should we aske it.
Vse1. This may serve to admonish us, not to rest in good purposes and intentions, but alwayes to seeke for grace from God, to accomplish the same happily.
2. To direct us, when we reade, heare, and meditate upon Gods word, to water it, as it were, with our prayers, that it may be fruitfull.
Note.By such conclusions of the Apostles, wherein they do close up their Doctrine with prayer, the Ministers especially are warned and admonished, after their Sermons to desire God to give both themselves and the people grace toobserve those things, which they have learned in the Sermon: and others also are admonished diligently and earnestly to seek the same, both in publick with the Minister, and in private by themselves.
Doctrine 8.We stand in need of manifold grace.
As it is set forth by divers words in the text:Make perfect, stablish, strengthen, settle, which may be thus distinguished, thatto make perfectis to adde those degrees of grace, which are yet wanting:to stablish, is to protect and defend from temptations and dangers:to strengthenis to give inward power and strength: andto settle, is to fasten the root it selfe of grace more and more.
Reason1. Because all those good things which we have, we have but in part.
2. Because we are assaulted by continuall temptations, and are over and above prone to revolt.
3. Because great and manifold is that perfection, whereunto we are called.
Vse.This may serve to admonish us, not to rest in the beginnings, but by much prayer to aske much grace of God.
Doctrine 9.God is the fountaine and author of all grace.
For this title is given unto God in this place, because it is most agreeable to the petition for manifold grace. For Holy Men in their prayers lay hold of that in God, and propose those titles of God unto themselves, which make most for the furtherance of those prayers which they make.
Reason1. Because God hath in himselfe infinite riches of grace.
2. Because grace is not given but by grace, and not for any merit of our own.
3. Because every degree and all kinde of grace is revealed and exhibited unto us by God in the Gospell.
Vse1. This may serve to direct us to build up our selves in this beliefe of Gods grace.
2. To admonish us, not so to rest in that grace which we have received, as if there were nothing farther to be lookedafter, because God is God not of this or that particular grace, but of all grace.
Doctrine 10.The chiefe effect of this grace, which is in us, is our calling.
Reason1. Because before our calling we lye in sinne and spirituall death.
2. Because by our calling we come to the hope of eternall glory;who hath called you into his eternall glory, as it is in the text.
3. Because in our calling wee are ingrafted into Jesus Christ, that by him we are brought unto this glory,who hath called you unto eternall glory in Iesus Christ, as it is in the text.
Vse1. This may serve to admonish us, to labour to make our effectuall calling more and more sure.
2. To exhort us, to give God all the thankes for this calling, and to leade a life answerable thereunto, which seemes to be aimed at in the text,viz.that for this eternall glory whereunto we are called, we should contemne all worldly things, whether good or evill.
Doctrine 11.The sufferings of this life are not repugnant to the comfort of this glory.
Reason1. Because we suffer but a while: for although the time of affliction may seeme long, yet it is but short, if it be compared either with eternall death, which the wicked shall suffer, and we have deserved; or with eternall glory whereunto we are called.
2. Because these afflictions are the way, whereby according to Gods wil we come unto glory.
3. Because glory it selfe appeares the more glorious for the afflictions going before.
Use.This may serve to comfort us against all the sufferings of this life.
Doctrine 12.For this grace of God we should give all glory unto God.
This is gathered from verse 11.
Reason1. Because therein consists our thankfulnesse.
2. Because therein also consists the perfection of the work of grace.
Vse.This may serve to admonish us, not to give place to luke-warmenesse, but to make such high reckoning of the saving grace of God, that upon every mentioning thereof our mindes should be stirred up sincerely to glorifie the name of God, and alwayes endeavour so to do.
The end of the first Epistle.