JACKAL,426;collective instinct in hunting,432-35Jackdaw, gesticulating signs made by,316;congregation for court held by,324Jacob, Sir G. Le Grand, on crows punishing offender,324-5;ibexes assisting wounded mate to escape,334Japp, on dog spontaneously learning use of coin,452Jealousy, of fish,242;of birds,276-7;of horse,329,330;of dogs,442,443;of monkey,493Jenkins, H. L., on formation of abstract ideas by elephants,401,402Jenner, on instinct of young cuckoo,301-4Jerdon, Dr., on harvesting-ants,97;on birds dreaming,312Jervoise, Sir J. C., on bee biting hole in a corolla,189;on combined action of rooks in obtaining food from pheasants,321Jesse, on intelligence of bees in adapting their combs to smooth surface,186;spider protecting eggs from cold,219;tame house-fly,230,231;affection of male for female pike,246;attachment between alligator and cat,258,259;conjugal fidelity of swan, and pigeon,271;sympathy of rooks,273,274;lapwing stamping on ground to make worms rise,285;goose removing eggs from rats,288;birds removing dung from neighbourhood of their nests,290;swallows killing and imprisoning hostile sparrows,318,319;kangaroo throwing young from pouch when pursued,326,327;stag shaking berries from trees, and manifesting intelligence in escaping from dogs,336;intelligence of buffalo,336,337;intelligence of rats,360-2;of elephants,398;collective instinct of foxes,433;wounded monkey showing its blood to the sportsman,476Jillson, Professor, on habits of the 'prairie-dog,' 366John, St., on intelligence of fox,426,427;idea of caste in dog,442Johnson, on termites,198;on orang-outangs removing their dead companions,472Johnson, Capt., on wounded monkey showing its blood to the sportsman,475Johnson, Dr., his definition of reason,14KANGAROO, throwing young from pouch when pursued,326,327Kaup, on fish,246Kemp, Dr. L., on battles of queen-bees,164;robber bees,170;on intelligence of decoy elephants,402Kent, Saville, on intelligence of porpoises,327,328Kesteven, Dr. W. H., on cat knocking knocker,424Kingfisher, nidification of,292Kirby, on water-spider,212;shore crabs,232;migration of salmon,249,250;intelligence of carp,250Kirby and Spence, on powers of communication in ants,49;sense of direction in bees,148;hexagonal form of bees' cells,172;ceasing to store honey in tropics,188;co-operation of beetles,226;caterpillars,236, and238,239Klein, Dr., on intelligence of a cat,418,419Kleine, Herr, on behaviour of bees when finding empty combs substituted for full ones,186,187Klingelhöffer, Herr, on co-operation of beetles,227-8König, on termites,198Kreplin, Herr H., on ecitons,139LABRUS,247Lacepède, on fish coming to sound of bell, &c.,250Lacerta iguana,255Lagomys, provident habits of,365Landois, on powers of communication in bees,158Langshaft, on bees recognising hive companions,183;on robber bees,183-4Lapwing, stamping on ground to make worms rise,285;intelligence of,315,316Larvæ, of insects, intelligence of,234-40Latreille, on ants, sympathy of,47Lauriston, Baron, on sympathy of elephant,390Layard, Consul, on intelligence of cobra,262;on nidification of baya-bird,294;on cat pulling bell-wire,424Lee, Mrs., on intelligence of robin,314;of goats,337;of rats,361;on vindictiveness of elephant,389Leeches, apparent intelligence of,24Lefroy, Lieut-Gen, Sir John, on terrier communicating wants by signs,446Lehr, Herr H., on bees draining their hive,190Leroy, C. G.,on nidification of birds,300;on migration,301;on collective instinct of wolves,436Lespès,on ants:slave-making instinct,65,66;warfare,68,69;division of labour,98,99;on termites,198Leuckart, Prof., on intelligence of ants in surmounting obstacles,135Lever, Sir Ashton, his experiment on eccentricity of nest-building instinct,295Limpet, remembering locality,28,29Lincecum, Dr., on harvesting ants,97and103-7;carrying one another,109Lindsay, Dr. L., on birds dreaming,312Linnæus, on swallows imprisoning sparrows,318Linnet, intelligence of in not flying against mirror,311;trained,312Liparis chrysorrhaca,238Livingstone, Dr., on certain ants of Africa,110;honey-guide,315;intelligence of buffalo,335,336;reasoning power of dog,457Lobster,233Lockman, J., on fondness of pigeon for a particular air of music,282Lonsdale, on intelligence of snails,27Lophius piscator,247-8Lophobranchiate fish, incubating eggs in mouth,245-6Loudoun's 'Magazine of Natural History,' quotations from,357Love-bird, conjugal affection of,270Löwenfels, Herr H., on a wasp dismembering a fly to facilitate carriage,196.Lubbock, Sir John,on ants:sense of sight in,32;of hearing,33;of smell,33-7;of direction,37-8;recognising companions and nest-mates,41-3and44-5;deficiency of affection and sympathy,45-7;powers of communication,50-3;collecting hatching eggs of aphides,61-2;keeping pets,84;general intelligence,123-8.On bees and wasps:sense of sight in,143;of smell and hearing,144;of direction,144-8;memory,151-4;taming wasps,153;experiment on comparative intelligence of wasp and fly in finding way out of a bell-jar,153-4;experiments to test sympathy,155-6;way-finding,181-3;recognising one another,183-4.On co-operation of beetles,226.Ludicrous, sense of,in dogs,444-5;in monkeys,476,485,487, and490Lukis, F. C., on limpet remembering locality,29MACLACHLAN, on caddis-worms,244Maclaurin, on mathematical principles observed by bees in constructing their cells,171Macropodus,244Malcolm, Sir James, on sympathy shown by monkey,474-5Malle, Dureau de la, on dog knocking knocker,423-4;collective instinct of dogs,435-6Mammals,326-498Mann, Mr. and Mrs., their tame snakes,256,260-2Mansfield, nest of fish,242-43Marsupials,326-7Martin, nidification of house,292;of land,292Martin, John, on reasoning power of cat,415MacCook, the Rev. Dr.,on ants: recognising fellow-citizens,44;feeding comrades with aphides-secretion,63-4;keeping cocci and caterpillars,64;warfare,78,81-3;sleep and cleanliness,84-87;play,88;funeral habits,89-91;agricultural,97,103-10;modes of mining,108;swarming habits of agriculturals,108-9;carrying one another,109-10;removing nest from shade of tree,131;cutting leaves from shading tree,131-2;co-operation in cutting grass,132M'Crady, on larva ofMedusæsucking nutriment from parent,34Meek, his cat trying to catch image behind mirror,415-16Meenan, on a wasp carrying heavy prey up an elevation in order to fly away with it,197Melanerpes formicivorus,285Melia tessellata,233-4Melipona domestica, form of its cells,173-6Melothrus,309-10Memory,of mollusca,25-9;of ants,39-45;of bees,151-5;of beetles and earwig,226-30;of batrachians,255;of reptiles,259et seq.;of birds,266-70;of horse,330;of elephant,386-7;of dog,438;of monkey,497Menault,on eagle submitting to surgical operation,313-14;on mason bee,178-9Merian, Madame, on ants of visitation,130;mygale spider eating humming-birds,208Merrell, Dr., on instinct of American cuckoo,305-6Mice,360-4Migration,of caterpillars,238;of crabs,232;of fish,248-50;of reptiles,257-8;of birds,266;of mammals,341-50, and368Mildmay, Sir Henry, on pigs learning to point game,339-40Mill, John S., on instinct of cruelty in man,413Miller, Prof., calculations regarding form of bee's cell,173Mind, subjective and objective analysis of,1;evidence of,2;criterion of,4-8Mischievousness, fondness of, shown by monkeys,485et seq.Mitchell, on fish removing eggs from disturbed nest,251Mitchell, Major, on habits ofConilurus constructor,326Mivart, on instincts of sphex-wasps,181Mobbing instinct in birds,291Möbius, Prof., on commensalism between crab and anemone,233Moggridge,on ants:sympathy of,48;suggestion to Mr. Hague,56;warfare of,79-81;keeping pets,83;harvesting,97-8and100-2;division of labour,98;harvesters using burrows made by elater,130;intelligent adaptation to artificial conditions,130;co-operation in cutting grass, &c.,133.On trap-door spiders covering trap-doors with moss, &c.,214-15;making trap-door at exposed end of accidentally inverted tube,215-216;perfection of dwellings built by young spiders,216-17;manner in which instinct of making trap-doors probably arose,217-18Mollusca, intelligence of,25-30Monboddo, Lord, on snake finding way home,262Monkeys,471-98;general remarks on psychology of,471and497-98;emotions of,471-8;affection and sympathy,471-5;reproach,475-6;ludicrous,476,485,487,490;play,476-77;curiosity,477;imitation,477;rage, jealousy, and revenge,478;memory of,497;general intelligence of,478;behaviour with mirror,478-9and495-6;picking shells off eggs, and taking care not to be stung by wasps in paper,479;intelligence of Mr. Belt's,480;disentangling chains,480and486-8;raking in objects with sticks or cloths,480and486;drawing chair to stand upon,481;using levers,481and492;using hammers,481and485;divining principle of screw,490-91;keeping door open with blanket,481-2;allowing tooth to be drawn,482;punishing young,482-3;destroying snake's fangs,483;concerted action,483;love of mischief,485et seq.;throwing things in rage,485et seq.;pushing slab to which tied,484-7;capricious attachments and dislikes,484et seq.;trying to unlock a box,492;playing with fire,493-4;expression of emotions,494-5;dread of imitation monkey,495Morgan, L. A., on spider conveying insect to larder,220Morgan, L. H., on the beaver,367-83Moschkau, Dr., on intelligence shown by a spider which he habitually fed,218-19Moseley, Lewin, performing operation on a monkey,482Moseley, Prof., on intelligence of crabs,231-2Mossman, Rev. J. W., on wasps coming out of small aperture backwards,192-3Mule, alleged counting by,332;intelligence of,333-4Müller, Adolph, on instinct of cuckoo,306-7Müller, F.,on powers of communication in bees,157;on termites,198and201Murray, S., intelligence of his dog,450Music, fondness of spiders for,205-7;of parrots and pigeon,282Mygale spider eating humming-birds,208Myriophyllum spicatum,243Myrmeleon formicarium,234-5
JACKAL,426;collective instinct in hunting,432-35
KANGAROO, throwing young from pouch when pursued,326,327
LABRUS,247
MACLACHLAN, on caddis-worms,244