"As soon as the Count de Campo-basso arrived in the Duke of Lorrain's army, word was sent him to leave the camp immediately, for they would not entertain, nor have any communication with, such traytors. Upon which message he retir'd with his party to a Castle and Pass not far off, where he fortified himself with carts and other things as well as he could, in hopes, that if the Duke of Burgundy was routed, he might have an opportunity of coming in for a share of the plunder, as he did afterwards. Nor was this practice with the Duke of Lorrain the most execrable action thatCampo-basso was guilty of; but before he left the army he conspir'd with several other officers (finding it was impracticable to attempt anything against the Duke of Burgundy's person) to leave him just as they came to charge, for at that time he suppos'd it would put the Duke into the greatest terror and consternation, and if he fled, he was sure he could not escape alive, for he had order'd thirteen or fourteen sure men, some to run as soon as the Germans came up to charge 'em, and others to watch the Duke of Burgundy, and kill him in the rout, which was well enough contrived; I myself have seen two or three of those who were employed to kill the Duke. Having thus settled his conspiracy at home, he went over to the Duke of Lorrain upon the approach of the German army; but finding they would not entertain him, he retired to Condé."The German army marched forward, and with 'em a considerable body of French horse, whom the King had given leave to be present at that action. Several parties lay in ambush not far off, that if the Duke of Burgundy was routed, they might surprise some person of quality, or take some considerable booty. By this every one may see into what a deplorable condition this poor Duke had brought himself, by his contempt of good counsel. Both armies being joyn'd, the Duke of Burgundy's forces having been twice beaten before, and by consequence weak and dispirited, and ill provided besides, were quickly broken and entirely defeated: Many sav'd themselves and got off; the rest were either taken or kill'd; and among 'em the Duke of Burgundy himself was killed on the spot. One Monsieur Claude of Bausmont, Captain of the Castle of Dier in Lorrain, kill'd the Duke of Burgundy. Finding his army routed, he mounted a swift horse, and endeavouring to swim a little river in order to make his escape, his horse fell with him, and overset him: The Duke cry'd out for quarter to this gentleman, who was pursuing him, but he being deaf, and not hearing him, immediately kill'd and stripp'd him, not knowing who he was, and left him naked in the ditch, where his body was found the next day after the battle; which the Duke of Lorrain (to his eternal honour) buried with great pomp and magnificence in St. George's Church, in the old town of Nancy, himself and all his nobility, in deep mourning, attending the corpse to the grave. The following epitaph was sometime afterwards ingrav'd on his tomb:—'Carolus hoc busto Burgundæ gloria gentisConditur, Europæ qui fuit ante timor.'I saw a seal ring of his, since his death, at Milan, with his arms cut curiously upon a sardonix that I have seen him often wear in a ribbon at his breast, which was sold at Milan for two ducats, and had been stolen from him by a rascal that waited on him in hischamber. I have often seen the Duke dress'd and undress'd in great state and formality, and attended by very great persons; but at his death all this pomp and magnificence ceas'd, and his family was involv'd in the same ruin with himself, and very likely as a punishment for his having deliver'd up the Constable not long before, out of a base and avaricious principle; but God forgive him. I have known him a powerful and honourable Prince, in as great esteem, and as much courted by his neighbours (when his affairs were in a prosperous condition), as any Prince in Europe, and perhaps more; and I cannot conceive what should provoke God Almighty's displeasure so highly against him, unless it was his self-love and arrogance, in appropriating all the success of his enterprises, and all the renown he ever acquir'd, to his own wisdom and conduct, without attributing anything to God. Yet to speak truth, he was master of several good qualities: No Prince ever had a greater ambition to entertain young noblemen than he, nor was more careful of their education: His presents and bounty were never profuse and extravagant, because he gave to many, and had a mind everybody should taste of it. No Prince was ever more easie of access to his servants and subjects. Whilst I was in his service he was never cruel, but a little before his death he took up that humour, which was an infallible sign of the shortness of his life. He was very splendid and curious in his dress, and in everything else, and indeed a little too much. He paid great honours to all ambassadors and foreigners, and entertain'd them nobly: His ambitious desire of fame was insatiable, and it was that which induced him to be eternally in wars, more than any other motive. He ambitiously desir'd to imitate the old Kings and Heroes of antiquity, whose actions still shine in History, and are so much talked of in the world, and his courage was equal to any Prince's of his time."But all his designs and imaginations were vain and extravagant, and turn'd afterwards to his own dishonour and confusion, for 'tis the conquerors and not the conquer'd that purchase to themselves renown. I cannot easily determine towards whom God Almighty shew'd his anger most, whether towards him who died suddenly without pain or sickness in the field of battle, or towards his subjects who never enjoy'd peace after his death, but were continually involv'd in wars, against which they were not able to maintain themselves, upon account of the civil dissentions and cruel animosities that arose among 'em; and that which was the most insupportable, was, that the very people, to whom they were now oblig'd for their defence and preservation, were the Germans, who were strangers, and not long since their profess'd enemies. In short, after the Duke's death, there was not a neighbouring state that wished them to prosper, nor even Germany that defended 'em.And by the management of their affairs, their understanding seem'd to be as much infatuated as their master's, for they rejected all good counsel, and pursued such methods as directly tended to their destruction; and they are still in such a condition, that though they have at present some little ease and relaxation from their sorrows, yet 'tis with great danger of a relapse, and 'tis well if it turns not in the end to their utter ruin."I am partly of their opinion who maintain, that God gives Princes, as he in his wisdom thinks fit, to punish or chastise the subjects; and he disposes the affection of subjects to their Princes, as he has determin'd to raise or depress 'em. Just so it has pleas'd him to deal with the House of Burgundy; for, after a long series of riches and prosperity, and six-and-twenty years' peace under three Illustrious Princes, predecessors to this Charles (all of 'em excellent persons, and of great prudence and discretion), it pleas'd God to send this Duke Charles, who involv'd them in bloody wars, as well winter as summer, to their great affliction and expense, in which most of their richest and stoutest men were either kill'd, or utterly undone. Their misfortunes continu'd successively to the very hour of his death; and after such a manner, that at the last, the whole strength of their country was destroy'd, and all kill'd or taken prisoners who had any zeal or affection for the House of Burgundy, and had power to defend the state and dignity of that family; so that in a manner their losses were equal to, if not over balanc'd their former prosperity; for as I have seen those Princes heretofore puissant, rich, and honourable, so it fared the same with their subjects; for I think, I have seen and known the greatest part of Europe; yet I never knew any province, or country, tho' perhaps of a larger extent, so abounding in money, so extravagantly fine in furniture for their horses, so sumptuous in their buildings, so profuse in their expenses, so luxurious in their feasts and entertainments, and so prodigal in all respects, as the subjects of these Princes, in my time: but it has pleased God at one blow to subvert and ruin this illustrious family. Such changes and revolutions in states and kingdoms God in his providence has wrought before we were born, and will do again when we are in our graves; for this is a certain maxim, that the prosperity or adversity of Princes are wholly at his disposal."Commines, Book V. Chap. 9.
"As soon as the Count de Campo-basso arrived in the Duke of Lorrain's army, word was sent him to leave the camp immediately, for they would not entertain, nor have any communication with, such traytors. Upon which message he retir'd with his party to a Castle and Pass not far off, where he fortified himself with carts and other things as well as he could, in hopes, that if the Duke of Burgundy was routed, he might have an opportunity of coming in for a share of the plunder, as he did afterwards. Nor was this practice with the Duke of Lorrain the most execrable action thatCampo-basso was guilty of; but before he left the army he conspir'd with several other officers (finding it was impracticable to attempt anything against the Duke of Burgundy's person) to leave him just as they came to charge, for at that time he suppos'd it would put the Duke into the greatest terror and consternation, and if he fled, he was sure he could not escape alive, for he had order'd thirteen or fourteen sure men, some to run as soon as the Germans came up to charge 'em, and others to watch the Duke of Burgundy, and kill him in the rout, which was well enough contrived; I myself have seen two or three of those who were employed to kill the Duke. Having thus settled his conspiracy at home, he went over to the Duke of Lorrain upon the approach of the German army; but finding they would not entertain him, he retired to Condé.
"The German army marched forward, and with 'em a considerable body of French horse, whom the King had given leave to be present at that action. Several parties lay in ambush not far off, that if the Duke of Burgundy was routed, they might surprise some person of quality, or take some considerable booty. By this every one may see into what a deplorable condition this poor Duke had brought himself, by his contempt of good counsel. Both armies being joyn'd, the Duke of Burgundy's forces having been twice beaten before, and by consequence weak and dispirited, and ill provided besides, were quickly broken and entirely defeated: Many sav'd themselves and got off; the rest were either taken or kill'd; and among 'em the Duke of Burgundy himself was killed on the spot. One Monsieur Claude of Bausmont, Captain of the Castle of Dier in Lorrain, kill'd the Duke of Burgundy. Finding his army routed, he mounted a swift horse, and endeavouring to swim a little river in order to make his escape, his horse fell with him, and overset him: The Duke cry'd out for quarter to this gentleman, who was pursuing him, but he being deaf, and not hearing him, immediately kill'd and stripp'd him, not knowing who he was, and left him naked in the ditch, where his body was found the next day after the battle; which the Duke of Lorrain (to his eternal honour) buried with great pomp and magnificence in St. George's Church, in the old town of Nancy, himself and all his nobility, in deep mourning, attending the corpse to the grave. The following epitaph was sometime afterwards ingrav'd on his tomb:—
'Carolus hoc busto Burgundæ gloria gentisConditur, Europæ qui fuit ante timor.'
'Carolus hoc busto Burgundæ gloria gentisConditur, Europæ qui fuit ante timor.'
'Carolus hoc busto Burgundæ gloria gentis
Conditur, Europæ qui fuit ante timor.'
I saw a seal ring of his, since his death, at Milan, with his arms cut curiously upon a sardonix that I have seen him often wear in a ribbon at his breast, which was sold at Milan for two ducats, and had been stolen from him by a rascal that waited on him in hischamber. I have often seen the Duke dress'd and undress'd in great state and formality, and attended by very great persons; but at his death all this pomp and magnificence ceas'd, and his family was involv'd in the same ruin with himself, and very likely as a punishment for his having deliver'd up the Constable not long before, out of a base and avaricious principle; but God forgive him. I have known him a powerful and honourable Prince, in as great esteem, and as much courted by his neighbours (when his affairs were in a prosperous condition), as any Prince in Europe, and perhaps more; and I cannot conceive what should provoke God Almighty's displeasure so highly against him, unless it was his self-love and arrogance, in appropriating all the success of his enterprises, and all the renown he ever acquir'd, to his own wisdom and conduct, without attributing anything to God. Yet to speak truth, he was master of several good qualities: No Prince ever had a greater ambition to entertain young noblemen than he, nor was more careful of their education: His presents and bounty were never profuse and extravagant, because he gave to many, and had a mind everybody should taste of it. No Prince was ever more easie of access to his servants and subjects. Whilst I was in his service he was never cruel, but a little before his death he took up that humour, which was an infallible sign of the shortness of his life. He was very splendid and curious in his dress, and in everything else, and indeed a little too much. He paid great honours to all ambassadors and foreigners, and entertain'd them nobly: His ambitious desire of fame was insatiable, and it was that which induced him to be eternally in wars, more than any other motive. He ambitiously desir'd to imitate the old Kings and Heroes of antiquity, whose actions still shine in History, and are so much talked of in the world, and his courage was equal to any Prince's of his time.
"But all his designs and imaginations were vain and extravagant, and turn'd afterwards to his own dishonour and confusion, for 'tis the conquerors and not the conquer'd that purchase to themselves renown. I cannot easily determine towards whom God Almighty shew'd his anger most, whether towards him who died suddenly without pain or sickness in the field of battle, or towards his subjects who never enjoy'd peace after his death, but were continually involv'd in wars, against which they were not able to maintain themselves, upon account of the civil dissentions and cruel animosities that arose among 'em; and that which was the most insupportable, was, that the very people, to whom they were now oblig'd for their defence and preservation, were the Germans, who were strangers, and not long since their profess'd enemies. In short, after the Duke's death, there was not a neighbouring state that wished them to prosper, nor even Germany that defended 'em.And by the management of their affairs, their understanding seem'd to be as much infatuated as their master's, for they rejected all good counsel, and pursued such methods as directly tended to their destruction; and they are still in such a condition, that though they have at present some little ease and relaxation from their sorrows, yet 'tis with great danger of a relapse, and 'tis well if it turns not in the end to their utter ruin.
"I am partly of their opinion who maintain, that God gives Princes, as he in his wisdom thinks fit, to punish or chastise the subjects; and he disposes the affection of subjects to their Princes, as he has determin'd to raise or depress 'em. Just so it has pleas'd him to deal with the House of Burgundy; for, after a long series of riches and prosperity, and six-and-twenty years' peace under three Illustrious Princes, predecessors to this Charles (all of 'em excellent persons, and of great prudence and discretion), it pleas'd God to send this Duke Charles, who involv'd them in bloody wars, as well winter as summer, to their great affliction and expense, in which most of their richest and stoutest men were either kill'd, or utterly undone. Their misfortunes continu'd successively to the very hour of his death; and after such a manner, that at the last, the whole strength of their country was destroy'd, and all kill'd or taken prisoners who had any zeal or affection for the House of Burgundy, and had power to defend the state and dignity of that family; so that in a manner their losses were equal to, if not over balanc'd their former prosperity; for as I have seen those Princes heretofore puissant, rich, and honourable, so it fared the same with their subjects; for I think, I have seen and known the greatest part of Europe; yet I never knew any province, or country, tho' perhaps of a larger extent, so abounding in money, so extravagantly fine in furniture for their horses, so sumptuous in their buildings, so profuse in their expenses, so luxurious in their feasts and entertainments, and so prodigal in all respects, as the subjects of these Princes, in my time: but it has pleased God at one blow to subvert and ruin this illustrious family. Such changes and revolutions in states and kingdoms God in his providence has wrought before we were born, and will do again when we are in our graves; for this is a certain maxim, that the prosperity or adversity of Princes are wholly at his disposal."
Commines, Book V. Chap. 9.
(a) p. 114. "The good King René." There is a biography of this prince, by the Comte de Villeneuve Bargemont. René of Anjou, descended from the second son of John of Valois, King of France, inherited the duchy of Lorraine in right of his wife, daughter of Charles II., Duke of Lorraine. His claim was contested by Antoine, Comte de Vaudémont, representing a collateral male branch of the earlier line. This claimant was backed by Philip the Good, of Burgundy. René was defeated, in 1431, at Bulgueville, and passed some years as a captive in Dijon. Here, like Charles d'Orleans in England, and James I. in the same country, he amused himself with poetry and art. He succeeded to the crown of Provence, a remnant of the Neapolitan domains of Anjou, and his daughter, Yolande, married the son of his rival of Vaudémont. Lorraine was entailed on them and their issue, failing male issue of René. After an expedition to Naples he ceded Lorraine to his son, and passed his time in a pleasing pastoral manner, in Provence. In his old age Lorraine fell to his grandson René, and the unlucky region was drawn into disputes of France and Burgundy, between which it lay. Burgundy conquered Lorraine. Old René negotiated for Burgundian protection, and for Charles's succession to Provence, which on René's death would make Burgundy "a Middle Kingdom conterminous with Germany and France." But the conquest of Lorraine was the last of Charles's successes: the end of the novel before us tells the story of his fall.
(b) p. 116. "Edward of York has crossed the Sea." The date is 1475. Louis and Edward met on the bridge over the Somme, at Pequigny, and made terms. The scheme of Oxford, in the novel, for an invasion of England during Edward's absence, was thus rendered impossible.
(c) p. 125. "Henry Colvin." Comines calls this soldier "Cohin," in the oldest texts "Colpin." He commandedthree hundred English, and was killed by a cannon shot: "great loss to the Duke, for a single man may save his master, though he be of no great lineage, so he have but sense and virtue."
(d) p. 262. "Granson." The Burgundian defeat is described in Comines, book v. ch. i. Of Charles, Comines says, "il perdit honneur et chevance ce jour." Morat he describes in book v. ch. iii. The narrative of Charles's despair, and the detail of his drinkingtisanein place of wine, is borrowed from Comines, book v. ch. v., in the sixteenth chapter of the novel. The treachery of Campobasso is recorded in Comines's sixth-ninth chapter. Mr. Kirk's version of Charles's last fight is written with much spirit.
Andrew Lang.
May 1894.
Abettance, support, encouragement.Abye, to pay the penalty of, to atone for.Adjected, appended, added.Albe, a long white linen robe worn by priests.Ariette, a little song.Arquebusier, a soldier armed with an arquebuse, an early form of musket.Assoilzied, pardoned.Astucious, astute, shrewd, cunning.Baaren-hauter, a nickname for a German private soldier.Ban, an imperial edict; the laws of the Empire.Ban-dog, a large fierce dog.Barbed, clad in armour.Beauffet, a sideboard."Blink out of," to evade, to escape.Bordel, a brothel.Botargo, the roe of the mullet or tunny, salted and dried.Brache, a kind of sporting dog.Bretagne, Brittany.Broad-piece, an old English gold coin.Bruit, rumour."Buon campagna," open country.Caravansera, an inn.Carbonado, a piece of meat or game, seasoned and broiled.Caviare, the roe of the sturgeon pickled in salt.Chaffron,chamfron, the armoured frontlet of a horse.Chalumeau, a reed or pipe made into an instrument of music.Coif, a woman's headdress.Corso, the chief street or square in an Italian town."Côte roti," wine grown on a sunny slope.Dalmatic,dalmatique, a long ecclesiastical robe.Debonair, affable, courteous.Dishabille, undress, negligent dress.Dorf, a village.Ducat, an old gold coin, worth about 9s.4d.Entrechat, a caper.Fadge, to succeed, to turn out well.Galilee, a porch or chapel beside a monastery or church, in which the monks received visitors, where processions were formed, penitents stationed, and so forth.Gear, business, affair; property.Geierstein, vulture-stone.Grave, a count.Gutter-blooded, of the meanest birth.Hagbut, a musket.Halidome, on my word of honour.Hypocaust, a stove, heating apparatus.Jongleur, a minstrel-poet of Northern France.Lauds, a daily service of the Roman Catholic Church.Los, praise.Morgue, the proud, disdainful look of a superior to an inferior.Morisco, a Moor of Spain.Pardoner, a licensed seller of papal indulgences.Pavin, a stately Spanish dance.Pennoncelle, a little flag fixed to a lance.Peste!plague on't!Piastre, a silver coin, worth 4s.Plump, a clump, collection."Poz element," a German oath.Questionary, a pedlar of relics or indulgences.Rebeck, an instrument resembling the violin.Reiter, a horse-soldier.Rhein-Thal, the valley of the Rhine.Ritter, a knight.Rote, a kind of harp, played by turning a wheel.Samite, a textile made of gold cloth or satin."Sapperment der Teufel!"—a German oath.Schwarz-reiter, a German mercenary horse-soldier."Sibylline leaf," the oracular or precious saying.Stadtholder, the emperor's deputy in ancient Westphalia.Stell, to mount or plant (a cannon).Strick-kind, the child of the cord—the prisoner on trial before the Vehmic Tribunal.Stube, a sitting-room, a public room.Talliage, a subsidy, a tax."Tiers état," the third estate, or representatives of the people.Turnpike-stair, a spiral or winding staircase.Vambrace, the piece of armour that covered the forearm.Violer, a player on a viol, a kind of violin.Visard, a mask to cover the face.Wass-ail, ale or wine sweetened and flavoured with spices.Wassel-song, a drinking or carousing song.Welked, marked with protuberances or ridges.Yungfrau,Jungfrau, a young girl.Yung-herren,Jung-herren,Junker, the sons of a German minor noble.Zechin, a Venetian gold coin, worth from 9s.to 10s.
Abettance, support, encouragement.
Abye, to pay the penalty of, to atone for.
Adjected, appended, added.
Albe, a long white linen robe worn by priests.
Ariette, a little song.
Arquebusier, a soldier armed with an arquebuse, an early form of musket.
Assoilzied, pardoned.
Astucious, astute, shrewd, cunning.
Baaren-hauter, a nickname for a German private soldier.
Ban, an imperial edict; the laws of the Empire.
Ban-dog, a large fierce dog.
Barbed, clad in armour.
Beauffet, a sideboard.
"Blink out of," to evade, to escape.
Bordel, a brothel.
Botargo, the roe of the mullet or tunny, salted and dried.
Brache, a kind of sporting dog.
Bretagne, Brittany.
Broad-piece, an old English gold coin.
Bruit, rumour.
"Buon campagna," open country.
Caravansera, an inn.
Carbonado, a piece of meat or game, seasoned and broiled.
Caviare, the roe of the sturgeon pickled in salt.
Chaffron,chamfron, the armoured frontlet of a horse.
Chalumeau, a reed or pipe made into an instrument of music.
Coif, a woman's headdress.
Corso, the chief street or square in an Italian town.
"Côte roti," wine grown on a sunny slope.
Dalmatic,dalmatique, a long ecclesiastical robe.
Debonair, affable, courteous.
Dishabille, undress, negligent dress.
Dorf, a village.
Ducat, an old gold coin, worth about 9s.4d.
Entrechat, a caper.
Fadge, to succeed, to turn out well.
Galilee, a porch or chapel beside a monastery or church, in which the monks received visitors, where processions were formed, penitents stationed, and so forth.
Gear, business, affair; property.
Geierstein, vulture-stone.
Grave, a count.
Gutter-blooded, of the meanest birth.
Hagbut, a musket.
Halidome, on my word of honour.
Hypocaust, a stove, heating apparatus.
Jongleur, a minstrel-poet of Northern France.
Lauds, a daily service of the Roman Catholic Church.
Los, praise.
Morgue, the proud, disdainful look of a superior to an inferior.
Morisco, a Moor of Spain.
Pardoner, a licensed seller of papal indulgences.
Pavin, a stately Spanish dance.
Pennoncelle, a little flag fixed to a lance.
Peste!plague on't!
Piastre, a silver coin, worth 4s.
Plump, a clump, collection.
"Poz element," a German oath.
Questionary, a pedlar of relics or indulgences.
Rebeck, an instrument resembling the violin.
Reiter, a horse-soldier.
Rhein-Thal, the valley of the Rhine.
Ritter, a knight.
Rote, a kind of harp, played by turning a wheel.
Samite, a textile made of gold cloth or satin.
"Sapperment der Teufel!"—a German oath.
Schwarz-reiter, a German mercenary horse-soldier.
"Sibylline leaf," the oracular or precious saying.
Stadtholder, the emperor's deputy in ancient Westphalia.
Stell, to mount or plant (a cannon).
Strick-kind, the child of the cord—the prisoner on trial before the Vehmic Tribunal.
Stube, a sitting-room, a public room.
Talliage, a subsidy, a tax.
"Tiers état," the third estate, or representatives of the people.
Turnpike-stair, a spiral or winding staircase.
Vambrace, the piece of armour that covered the forearm.
Violer, a player on a viol, a kind of violin.
Visard, a mask to cover the face.
Wass-ail, ale or wine sweetened and flavoured with spices.
Wassel-song, a drinking or carousing song.
Welked, marked with protuberances or ridges.
Yungfrau,Jungfrau, a young girl.
Yung-herren,Jung-herren,Junker, the sons of a German minor noble.
Zechin, a Venetian gold coin, worth from 9s.to 10s.
FOOTNOTES:[1]The word Wehme, pronounced Vehme, is of uncertain derivation, but was always used to intimate this inquisitorial and secret Court. The members were termed Wissenden, or Initiated, answering to the modern phrase of Illuminati. Mr. Palgrave seems inclined to derive the wordVehmefromEhme,i.e.Law, and he is probably right.[2]The termStrick-kind, or child of the cord, was applied to the person accused before these awful assemblies.[3]The parts of Germany subjected to the operation of the Secret Tribunal were called, from the blood which it spilt, or from some other reason (Mr. Palgrave suggests the ground tincture of the ancient banner of the district), the Red Soil. Westphalia, as the limits of that country were understood in the Middle Ages, which are considerably different from the present boundaries, was the principal theatre of the Vehme.[4]Baaren-hauter,—he of the Bear's hide,—a nickname for a German private soldier.[5]SeeEditor's Notesat the end of the Volume. Wherever a similar reference occurs, the reader will understand that the same direction applies.[6]The Lancastrian party threw the imputation of bastardy (which was totally unfounded) upon Edward IV.[7]The chief order of knighthood in the state of Burgundy.[8]Note I.—The Troubadours.[9]Note II.—Parliament of Love.[10]Bransle, in English, brawl—a species of dance.[11]The Archbishop of Cologne was recognised as head of all the Free Tribunals (i.e.the Vehmique benches) in Westphalia, by a writ of privilege granted in 1335 by the Emperor Charles IV. Winceslaus confirmed this act by a privilege dated 1382, in which the Archbishop is termed Grand Master of the Vehme, or Grand Inquisitor. And this prelate and other priests were encouraged to exercise such office by Pope Boniface III., whose ecclesiastical discipline permitted them in such cases to assume the right of judging in matters of life and death.[12]Cupidus novarum rerum.[13]Guantes, used by the Spanish as the French say étrennes, or the English handsell or luckpenny—phrases used by inferiors to their patrons as the bringers of good news.[14]Note III.
[1]The word Wehme, pronounced Vehme, is of uncertain derivation, but was always used to intimate this inquisitorial and secret Court. The members were termed Wissenden, or Initiated, answering to the modern phrase of Illuminati. Mr. Palgrave seems inclined to derive the wordVehmefromEhme,i.e.Law, and he is probably right.
[2]The termStrick-kind, or child of the cord, was applied to the person accused before these awful assemblies.
[3]The parts of Germany subjected to the operation of the Secret Tribunal were called, from the blood which it spilt, or from some other reason (Mr. Palgrave suggests the ground tincture of the ancient banner of the district), the Red Soil. Westphalia, as the limits of that country were understood in the Middle Ages, which are considerably different from the present boundaries, was the principal theatre of the Vehme.
[4]Baaren-hauter,—he of the Bear's hide,—a nickname for a German private soldier.
[5]SeeEditor's Notesat the end of the Volume. Wherever a similar reference occurs, the reader will understand that the same direction applies.
[6]The Lancastrian party threw the imputation of bastardy (which was totally unfounded) upon Edward IV.
[7]The chief order of knighthood in the state of Burgundy.
[8]Note I.—The Troubadours.
[9]Note II.—Parliament of Love.
[10]Bransle, in English, brawl—a species of dance.
[11]The Archbishop of Cologne was recognised as head of all the Free Tribunals (i.e.the Vehmique benches) in Westphalia, by a writ of privilege granted in 1335 by the Emperor Charles IV. Winceslaus confirmed this act by a privilege dated 1382, in which the Archbishop is termed Grand Master of the Vehme, or Grand Inquisitor. And this prelate and other priests were encouraged to exercise such office by Pope Boniface III., whose ecclesiastical discipline permitted them in such cases to assume the right of judging in matters of life and death.
[12]Cupidus novarum rerum.
[13]Guantes, used by the Spanish as the French say étrennes, or the English handsell or luckpenny—phrases used by inferiors to their patrons as the bringers of good news.
[14]Note III.
END OF VOL. II.
Printed byBallantyne, Hanson & Co.Edinburgh and London